TEACHING CARE PLAN FOR CANCER A.

DESCRIPTION OF THE LEARNER: The learners are the community folks risiding at Simbonan,Pito,Benguet The population of the learners is composed of approximately 17 persons aging roughly from 18-70 years old. The patients can understand English, Tagalog and Ilocano. Throughout the discussion, the medium of communication will be Tagalog and Ilocano. Furthermore, the patients have no problems on visual and hearing senses. B. LEARNING NEED: To know the Signs and Symptoms, Causes and Prevention of Cancer C. LEARNING DIAGNOSIS: Knowledge deficit: Information about cancer related to lack of knowledge. D. GOAL: The community folks will have a grasp of knowledge about cancer, its signs and symptoms, causes, and prevention. E. TEACHING PLAN PROPER: BLOS: Upon completion of the topic on cancer, the client will be able to: The learners will be able to define cancer

LEARNING CONTENT

TEACHING STRATEGY/ METHOD AND ACTIVITIES

TIME ALLOTMENT AND RESOURCES NEEDED 5 minutes of discussion with participation of learners. Use of visual aids:

EVALUATION

Definition of: a.Cancer any disease characterized by excessive, uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells, which invade

Discussion

Instant oral feedback: Learners will be able define cancer

correctly.

and destroy other tissues. b. Cancer cells abnormal cells which are rapid in multiplying and contributes in the destruction of other normal body tissues. 7 warning signs of cancer 1. Change in bowel or bladder habits 2. A sore that does not heal

pictures and brochures.

and cancer cells correctly.

The learners will be able to enumerate 5-6 early signs of Cancer

3. Unusual bleeding or discharge 4. Thickening or lump in the breast, testicles, or elsewhere 5. Indigestion or difficulty swallowing 6. Obvious change in the size, color, shape, or thickness of a wart, mole, or mouth sore

Fifteen

Discussion

minutes of discussion with the participation of the learners. Use of visual aids such as pictures and brochures.

Instant oral feedback: The learners will be able to identify 56 early signs of cancer

The learners will be able to enumerate 5 to 7 common causes of Cancer.

7. Nagging cough or hoarseness Common causes of Cancer: 1. Radiation 2. Tobacco 3. Microorganisms 4. Aging Process 5. Physical Inactivity 6. Alcohol Use 7. Genetics 8. Environmental Factors

Discussion

Fifteen

minutes of discussion with the participation of the learners. Use of visual aids such as pictures and brochures.

Instant oral feedback: The learners will be able to identify 5 to 7 common causes of cancer.

The learners will be able to enumerate 4 to 6 ways to prevent cancer.

9. Unsafe Sex Prevention of Cancer 1. Avoid smoking and exposure to smoke. 2. Practice sun safety and notice skin changes. 3. Eat fruits and vegetables. 4. Limit red meat and animal fat. 5. Limit alcohol intake. 6. Exercise. 7. Know your medical and family history. 8. Be aware of your environment. 9. Practice safe sex. 10. Get screened for cancer.

Fifteen

Discussion

minutes of discussion with the participation of the learners. Use of visual aids such as pictures and brochures.

Instant oral feedback: The learners will be able to identify 4 to 6 ways to prevent cancer.

LEARNING CONTENT Cancer is any of more than 100 diseases characterized by excessive, uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells, which invade and destroy other normal tissues. Cancer develops in almost any organ or tissue of the body, but certain types of cancer are more lifethreatening than others. All cancers begin in cells, the body's basic unit of life. To understand cancer, it's helpful to know what happens when normal cells become cancer cells. The body is made up of many types of cells. These cells grow and divide in a controlled way to produce more cells as they are needed to keep the body healthy. When cells become old or damaged, they die and are replaced with new cells. However, sometimes this orderly process goes wrong. The genetic material (DNA) of a cell can become damaged or changed, producing mutations that affect normal cell growth and division. When this happens, cells do not die when they should and new cells form when the body does not need them. The extra cells may form a mass of tissue called a tumor. Not all tumors are cancerous; tumors can be benign or malignant.

Benign tumors aren't cancerous. They can often be removed, and, in most cases, they do not come back. Cells in benign tumors do not spread to other parts of the body. Malignant tumors are cancerous. Cells in these tumors can invade nearby tissues and spread to other parts of the body. The spread of cancer from one part of the body to another is called metastasis. Some cancers do not form tumors. For example, leukemia is a cancer of the bone marrow and blood.

The American Cancer Society uses the word C-A-U-T-I-O-N to help recognize the seven early signs of cancer: Change in bowel or bladder habits A sore that does not heal Unusual bleeding or discharge Thickening or lump in the breast, testicles, or elsewhere Indigestion or difficulty swallowing Obvious change in the size, color, shape, or thickness of a wart, mole, or mouth sore Nagging cough or hoarseness Common causes of Cancer
Radiation: Radiation causes ionizations in the molecules of living cells. These ionizations result in the removal of electrons

from the atoms, forming ions or charged atoms. The ions formed then can go on to react with other atoms in the cell, causing damage. An example of this would be if a gamma ray passes through a cell, the water molecules near the DNA might be ionized and the ions might react with the DNA causing it to break. At low doses, such as what we receive every day from background radiation, the cells repair the damage rapidly. At higher doses (up to 100 rem), the cells might not be able to repair the damage, and the cells may either be changed permanently or die. Most cells that die are of little consequence, the body can just replace them. Cells changed permanently may go on to produce abnormal cells when they divide. In the right circumstance, these cells may become cancerous. This is the origin of our increased risk in cancer, as a result of radiation exposure.

 Tobacco: Smoke contains several carcinogenic pyrolytic products that bind to DNA and cause many genetic mutations. Microorganisms: Microorganisms or pathogens may cause certain cancers:

a) Viruses: hepatitis B and liver cancer, Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) and cervical cancer, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Kaposi sarcoma. b) Bacteria: Helicobacter pylori and stomach cancer. c) Parasites: schistosomiasis and bladder cancer. Aging Process: The incidence of cancer rises dramatically with age, most likely due to a buildup of risks for specific cancers that increase with age. The overall risk accumulation is combined with the tendency for cellular repair mechanisms to be less effective as a person grows older. Physical Inactivity: Exercising at least 30 minutes a day, 5 days a week greatly reduces your cancer risk. Exercise like yoga, aerobics, walking and running are great activities to lower your cancer risk factor. Not only is physical activity important to preventing other diseases, it reduces the chances of becoming obese. Obesity is a major cause for many cancers. Exercising on a regular basis can preventprostate, colon, breast, endometrial and lung cancer. Alcohol Use: Drinking excessive amounts of alcohol regularly increases your risk factor for many types of cancer. Studies suggest that men who consume 2 alcoholic drinks per day and women who have 1 alcoholic drink per day significantly increase their risk factors for certain types of cancer. Genetics: Genetics can play a big role in cancer development. If you have a family history of cancer, such as breast cancer, taking extra precautions is vital. When cancer is genetic, a mutated gene has been passed down. Genetic tests are available for many hereditary cancers. Keep in mind that if you have a family history of cancer, it does not mean you will develop it. You only have a greater chance of developing it. Environmental Factors: The environment you are in can cause cancer. Exposure to asbestos, a group of minerals found in housing and industrial building materials can cause a variety of medical problems. Studies have shown that people who are exposed to high amount of benzene are at risk for cancer. Benzene is a chemical found in gasoline, smoking, and pollution. Unsafe Sex: Practicing unsafe sex can increase your risk of developing a virus called HPV. HPV is a group of over 100 viruses, medically known as human papillioma virus. HPV increases your risk factor for cervical, anal, vulvar and vaginal cancer.

PREVENTION OF CANCER 1. 2. 3. 4. Avoid smoking and exposure to smoke. Practice sun safety and notice skin changes. Eat fruits and vegetables. Limit red meat and animal fat.

5. Limit alcohol intake. 6. Exercise. 7. Know your medical and family history. 8. Be aware of your environment. 9. Practice safe sex. 10. Get screened for cancer. REFERENCES: Peterson, Karen R. "Cancer (medicine)." Microsoft Student 2009 [DVD]. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation, 2008. http://www.medicinenet.com/cancer/article.htm http://www.emedicinehealth.com/cancer_symptoms/page2_em.htm http://cancer.about.com/od/causes/a/symptomscancer.htm http://cancer.about.com/od/causes/a/causesrisks.htm http://www.physics.isu.edu/radinf/risk.htm