Haier was incorporated in 1984 producing household refrigerators and over the past 18 years, has grown and

prospered as a transnational company widely recognized in the world community. Haier now manufactures a wide range of house electrical appliances in 86 categories with 13,000 specifications and exports products to more than 160 countries.

There are different types of inflations like Creeping Inflation,Galloping Inflation, Hyperinflation, Stagflation, Deflation. Types of Inflation

There are different types inflation which are explained below: Creeping Inflation: This is also known as mild inflation or moderate inflation. This type of inflation occurs when the price level persistently rises over a period of time at a mild rate. When the rate of inflation is less than 10 per cent annually, or it is a single digit inflation rate, it is considered to be a moderate inflation. Galloping Inflation: If mild inflation is not checked and if it is uncontrollable, it may assume the character of galloping inflation. Inflation in the double or triple digit range of 20, 100 or 200 percent a year is called galloping inflation . Many Latin American countries such as Argentina, Brazil had inflation rates of 50 to 700 percent per year in the 1970s and 1980s.

Hyperinflation: It is a stage of very high rate of inflation. While economies seem to survive under galloping inflation, a third and deadly strain takes hold when the cancer of hyperinflation strikes. Nothing good can be said about a market economy in which prices are rising a million or even a trillion percent per year . Hyperinflation occurs when the prices go out of control and the monetary authorities are unable to impose any check on it. Germany had witnessed hyperinflation in 1920s. Stagflation: It is an economic situation in which inflation and economic stagnation or recession occur simultaneously and remain unchecked for a period of time. Stagflation was witnessed by developed countries in 1970s, when world oil prices rose dramatically. Deflation: Deflation is the reverse of inflation. It refers to a sustained decline in the price level of goods and services. It occurs when the annual inflation rate falls below zero percent (a negative inflation rate), resulting in an increase in the real value of money. Japan suffered from deflation for almost a decade in 1990s.

ur controll # 079 380 1739 hai. Rs: 38620.62 Q1) Write an essay on Indus valley pottery:

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Ans) Civilization that flourished in the Indus Valley from the 4th millennium B.C. is one of the four oldest great civilizations. Although the civilization producing painted pottery and copper tools originated in small settlements along the banks of the Indus River and on the hills of Baluchistan province of nowadays Pakistan even earlier, sudden growth of population and changes in the organization of the society towards craft production resulted in growth of the cities. Unearthed cities of Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa are the most famous proofs of a high level urban civilization. The cities with foundations made of baked mud brick have domestic quarters with bath and lavatory facilities, granaries, industrial districts and fortifications. There are two kinds of painted pottery of the Indus Valley Civilization both shaped on a potters wheel and made of clay of a very fine grain. Vessels of the first type are thick and heavy with almost monochromatic decoration like this piece of pottery found in site called Khuzdar in the Baluchistan region of Pakistan. The decorative design consisting of 2 rows of goats and two kinds of geometric pattern is almost all painted in black with some brownish red accent. The shape of goats is so highly stylized that the row is close to a band with a geometric pattern. Moreover, confident but playful strokes of the show prove high skills of the painter. Other animals depicted on the monochromatic pottery from the Indus Valley are humped bulls, pumas, birds, etc. Bulls and pumas symbolized abundance, fecundity and power. Sometimes they are also depicted facing a tree in a scene that may be interpreted as receiving life from a sacred tree of life. This motive derives from ancient Mesopotamia and is

known from numerous ritual scenes where gods, kings, beasts and animals approach the tree of live. The tree of life in the Indus Valley civilization is a pipal tree. It is significant that the pipal tree had so important significance being depicted on the pottery of the Indus Valey civilization, and 2 thousand years later the Buddha attained enlightment under the pipal tree in the same region. In contrary to monochromatic pottery another type of was multicolored and extremely thin and light. Vessels were first painted with black outlines of design and after firing coloured with yellow, white, blue and red pigments. Examples of multicolored pottery found in Mehrharh, another ancient site located ca. 100 km north from Khuzdar, are shown on the right. The pottery is decorated with geometric patterns, fish, birds, cows, antelopes, scorpions, fantastic beasts, griffins, etc. However, instead of a whole pipal tree only as a single leaves are depicted. Q2) Compare town planning and cathedral of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro with reference with the buildings.? The most striking feature of the Harappan cities is their town planning. The Harappa City was divided into the upper town called the Citadel and the lower town. The various features of the Harappa town Planning is given below: Granaries: The granary was the largest structure in Mohenjodaro, in Harappa there were about six granaries or storehouses. These were used for storing grain. Great Bath: This was another important structure in Mohenjodaro. The floor of the bath had five layers. It was so watertight that even today it holds water. There were changing rooms. People probably used it during festivals and religious ceremoies. Town Hall: A palace-like building that looked like an assembly hall for the city government of for people to meet. Lower Town: This was the residential area where the common people lived. Streets: The roads and streets intersected at right angles. There were covered drains along the road. Houses were built on either side of the roads and streets. Drainage System: The drainage system of the Harappan cities was the best known to the world in ancient times. The brickwork prevented the dirty water from leaking. Wooden screens stopped the solid wastes from being washed away with the water. Drains were built either side of the roads. They were covered with stones which could be removed in order to clean them.

Houses: The houses varied in size. Some might have been two storeyed. The houses were made of burnt bricks. Most of the houses had central courtyard, well, bathing area and kitchen. Q3) Give an account of Indus valley sculptures from Harappa and mohenjo daro? Indus Valley Sculpture was the product of Indus Valley Civilization, which is considered to be a golden chapter as the beginning of Indian art and sculpture in 3000 B.C. According to the forms of art excavated from this valley, it can be easily deciphered that the people of this civilization were great lovers of the fine arts especially of dancing, painting, and making sculptures. The forms of art include various sculptures, seals, pottery, gold jewellery, terracotta figures, and other interesting works of art. The level of achievement that Indian art had attained in those days can be marked with mainly two objects that were excavated from the ruins of the Indus valley. These are the busts of a priest in limestone and a bronze dancing girl is known for the tremendous sophistication and artistry even today. Priest-King "The Priest-King", a seated stone sculpture.

In 1927, a seated male soapstone figure was found in a building with unusually ornamental brickwork and a wall-niche. Though there is no evidence that priests or monarchs ruled Mohenjo-daro, archeologists dubbed this dignified figure a "Priest-King"; like the Dancing Girl, it has become symbolic of the Indus Valley Civilization. It is on display in the National Museum of Pakistan. Bronze and Stone Sculptures: Some sculptures made from bronze and stone depicted various dance postures, revealing the truth about the art of dancing that was prevalent in that civilization. Q4) Write a note on Indus valley seals: The Indus Valley Civilization is famous for the enigmatic seals that were discovered at the various cities. These seals usually had some animal or human engraved on them along with a script at the bottom which has not been deciphered as yet. The seals were apparently used by merchants in trade, as a means of identifying their goods. The Indus Valley Civilization had flourishing trade relations with various parts of Asia, and the large number of unique seals discovered indicates that there was a large trading community. Some of the important seals, which had been found frequently are:

The Pashupati Seal: This seal depicts what is probably the modern Hindu God, Shiv. Lord Shiv is surrounded by various animals like the rhino, the buffalo, the elephant and thetiger. He wears a crown of horns on his head. He is believed to have been considered by the Indus Valley Civilization people as the lord of the animals. The Bull Seal: The Bull seal, shows a humped bull displaying a strong and energetic bull. The figure has been made well, a proof of the fine artistic skills acquired by the people of that time.