Pesticide Guy - A Resource For Documenting The Value of Pesticides in Crop P

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EPA Recognizes Value of Fumigants in Peanut Fields

Posted on February 28, 2013
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The disease known as cylindrocladium black rot (CBR) grows best in cool soils and is a major problem in the Virginia and North Carolina peanut regions. Entire pods may turn black and rot. The fungus may survive several years in the soil. Disease incidences in excess of 80% have occurred. The soil fumigant, metam sodium applied 8-10 inches below rows at least two weeks prior to planting has been the standard recommendation for control of CBR since 1985. Recently, the USEPA conducted a study of the value of metam sodium for peanuts and concluded that Thus, the main benefit of metam sodium is that it permits cultivation of peanuts that would otherwise not be economically viable. a large proportion of peanut acreage in the North CarolinaVirginia region depends on metam sodium simply to make production economically viable. Authors: A. Chiri, and T. J. Wyatt Affiliations: EPA, Office of Pesticide Programs, Biological and Economic Analysis Division. Title: Assessment of the Benefits of Soil Fumigation with Metam Sodium in Peanut Production. Publication: U.S. EPA. (2007). Assessment of the benefits of soil fumigation with metam sodium in peanut production
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(DP#337490). Available at http://www.regulations.gov/#!home

Posted in Uncategorized | Tagged Black Rot, EPA, North Carolina, peanuts, Virginia | Leave a reply
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Mildew Causes Sunburned Tomatoes

Mildew on tomato leaves
Powdery mildew on tomatoes is restricted to warm, arid and semiarid climatic regions. A fine talcum-like powder growth develops on the leaves resulting in the loss of 30-40% of the leaf canopy. Defoliation predisposes fruit to sunscald and reduced quality. The tomatoes become soft or are burned before they reach maturity. Powdery mildew is a serious economic problem in Mediterranean tomato production. The disease is currently controlled by fungicides (especially sulfur) in both conventional and organic production. In addition to causing reductions in
yield and quality, it may make plants vulnerable to secondary infections by other fungal pathogens (e.g., Botrytis cinerea). Fungicides are used to control tomato powdery mildew, even in organic production, where sulfur fungicides are permitted and widely used. Authors: N. G. Dafermos, et al. Affiliation: School of Agricultural Technology, Technological Educational Institure of Crete, Heraklion-Crete, Greece. Title: Integration of Elicitors and Less-Susceptible Hybrids for the Control of Powdery Mildew in Organic Tomato Crops. Publication: Plant Disease. 2012. 96(10):1506-1512.
Posted in Uncategorized | Tagged fungicides, Mediterranean, Mildew, Organic, tomatoes | Leave a reply
Onion Plants Die Without Insecticide Treatments

Onion Maggot Damage
100,000-300,000 onion maggots overwinter on every acre of onions in northern states. The average number of eggs laid by a single female in the spring is about 50. The emerging
maggots seek out the roots and bulbs of onions and tunnel into the bulb. Maggots feed for two to three weeks. Damaged plants are usually so severely injured that they wilt, dry out and soon disappear. Management of onion maggot Delia antiqua is an integral component of onion production in the northern United States and Canada. There are three generations of D. antiqua per year in the northern United States and infestations of firstgeneration D. antiqua typically cause the most serious damage because maggot feeding kills seedlings. If onion seedlings are not protected with an insecticide applied during planting, D. antiqua can reduce plant stands by one-half to near 100%. Authors: B. Nault, J.Z. Zhao, R. Straub, J. Nyrop and M.L. Hessney. Affiliation: Department of Entomology, NYSAES, Cornell University. Title: Onion Maggot (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) Resistance to Chlorpyrifos in New York Onion Fields. Publication: Journal of Economic Entomology. 2006. 99(4):1375-1380.
Posted in Uncategorized | Tagged Canada, insecticide, onion maggot, onions, United States | Leave a reply
30 million Insects per Acre in Chinese Rice Fields Means Growers Must Spray
Rice Stripe on Leaf
Insects often transmit diseases when they fed on a crop plant. Rice is fed on by planthoppers which transmit viruses. In one outbreak in China, 30 million planthoppers were estimated to infest each of 50 million acres. Major losses were prevented thanks to insecticide sprays. Laodelphax striatellus Falln (Hemoptera: Delphacidae) is an economically important sapsucking pest in rice. The leaves infested by L. striatellus turn yellow, wilt, and even die, resulting in yield loss and quality reduction. In addition, L. striatellus transmits rice viral diseases such as Rice black-streaked dwarf virus and Rice stripe virus, which are two of the most serious diseases and often cause major yield losses. In recent years, the damage caused by L. striatellus feeding injury and the diseases transmitted by this planthopper has been increasing in China. When the outbreak occurred in Jiangsu and Anhui provinces in 2004 and 2005, the density of L. striatellus reached 30 million per acre, and 50 million acres of rice was infested, causing 30% of yield reduction in areas without pesticide treatment.
Authors: C-X Duan1, J-M Wan1, H-Q Zhai2, Q Chen1, J-K Wang1, N Su1 and C-L Lei1 Affiliation: 1Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China; 2Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China Title: Quantitative trait loci mapping of resistance to Laodelphax striatellus (Hemoptera: Delphacidae) in rice using recombinant inbred lines. Publication: Journal of Economic Entomology. 2007. 100(4):1450-1455.
Posted in Uncategorized | Tagged China, disease, insecticide, insects, rice | Leave a reply
Chilean Apple Growers Must Use Insecticides to Control Quarantine Pests

Codling Moth Frass
Chile is a major exporter of apples to other Latin American and Asian countries. Some of these countries do not have populations of the codling moth and they want to keep the insect out. Codling moth is present in Chilean apple orchards which means that growers must spray insecticides to assure that their export fruit shipments will not be rejected. Regular applications of insecticides have been the main management practice against codling moth in Chile. Pest management in Chilean apple orchards with fruit grown for export is dependent on intensive pesticide use, mainly because of strong quarantine restrictions toward the codling moth from Asian and Latin America countries. In this production scenario, even low levels of fruit damage at harvest (<0.5%) are a major concern for growers. To avoid quarantine rejection of exports, an increase in the frequency of insecticide sprays has been observed. Authors: E. Fuentes-Contreras1, M. Reyes2, W. Barros1 and B. Sauphanor2 Affiliation: 1Department de Produccin Agrcola, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile; 2PSH-Ecologie de la Production Intgre, INRA Site Agroparc, Avignon Cedex, France Title: Evaluation of azinphos-methyl resistance and activity of detoxifying enzymes in codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) from central Chile. Publication: Journal of Economic Entomology. 2007. 100(2):551-556.
Posted in Uncategorized | Tagged apples, Asia, Chile, codling moth, fruit, insecticides, Latin America | Leave a reply
Fungal Growth on Sugarbeet Leaves Would Lower U.S.

Sugar Production
Fungicide Treatment (Left: Treated Right: Untreated)
The Red River Valley in North Dakota and Minnesota is a major sugarbeet production area. About of U.S. sugar comes from sugarbeets. A disease on the leaves damages the plants ability to produce extractable sucrose in the roots. Fungicides kill the fungus before the damage is done to the plants. Cercospora leaf spot is the most economically damaging foliar disease of sugarbeet in Minnesota and North Dakota. The disease reduces root yield and sucrose concentration, and increases impurity concentrations resulting in reduced extractable sucrose and higher processing losses. It is difficult to combine high levels of Cercospora leaf spot resistance with high recoverable sucrose in sugarbeet. Consequently, commercial varieties generally have only moderate levels of resistance and require fungicide applications to obtain acceptable levels of protection against Cercospora leaf spot under moderate and high disease severity.
Authors: M.F.R. Khan1 and A.L. Carlson2 Affiliation: 1North Dakota State University & University of Minnesota; 2Plant Pathology Department, North Dakota State University Title: Efficacy of fungicides for controlling Cercospora leaf spot on sugarbeet. Publication: Sugarbeet Research & Education Board of Minnesota and North Dakota. 2011 Research report available at: http://www.sbreb.org/Research/research.htm.
Posted in Uncategorized | Tagged cercospora leaf spot, disease, fungicides, Minnesota, North Dakota, Red River Valley, sucrose, sugar, sugarbeet | Leave a reply
Nobody Wants an Orange with a Worm Inside

Med Fly
Medfly females lay their eggs inside many different fruit and vegetable crops, including oranges. When the eggs hatch, small Medfly worms begin eating inside the fruit. In order to keep Spains oranges free from these worms, growers have to spray.
The Mediterranean fruit fly is one of the most destructive pests of fruit in the world, attacking >250 species of fruits and vegetables. In Spain, this fly is considered one of the most economically damaging pests of citrus orchards. Direct losses result from the oviposition in fruits, larval activity, and eventual infection by fungi. In addition, quarantine measures are required for exportation to fly-free areas. (2)The Mediterranean fruit fly is one of the most serious pests affecting cultivated plants in the world Its life strategy includes changes of host species throughout the year, because larvae develop inside fruits only when they are mature. Eastern Spain has a heterogeneous fruit growing area which extends all along the coast of Iberian Peninsula, from north to south The most important damage to citrus fruits is produced between September and November, when satsuma and clementine mandarins reach maturity and suffer heavy attacks. Traditional control methods for reducing medfly populations and damage in citrus groves rely on the use of chemical sprays applied to fruits near harvest. (1) Authors: C. Magaa, P. Hernndez-Crespo, F. Ortego and P. Castaera Affiliation: Departamento de Biologa de Plantas, Centro de Investigaciones Biolgicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain Title: Resistance to malathion in field populations of Ceratitis capitata. Publication: Journal of Economic Entomology. 2007. 100(6):1836-1843. (2) Authors: Martinez-Ferrer M.T., et al. Affiliation: IRTA Amposta. Ctra. de Balada, km. 1. 43870
Amposta (Tarragona). Spain. Title: Seasonal and annual trends in field populations of Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata, in Mediterranean citrus groves: comparison of two geographic areas in eastern Spain. Publication: Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research. 2010. 8(3):757-765.
Posted in Uncategorized | Tagged fruits, Medfly, oranges, pesticides, Spain, vegetables, worms | Leave a reply
Growing Berries in Germany Requires Fungicides to Prevent Mold

Gray Mold
The German population has access to high quality strawberries, blueberries and raspberries that are grown in the country every year. However, the climate in Germany is conducive for the growth of mold in the berry fields making fungicide use necessary. Small-fruit production is an important component
of Northern German agriculture, covering some 4,000 ha of strawberry, 100 ha of raspberry, and 1,500 ha of highbush blueberry as well as smaller acreages of redcurrant, gooseberry, and blackberry. Under the cool and humid regional climatic conditions, several fungicide treatments at bloom are essential in order to control phytopathogenic fungi, notably the gray mold pathogen Botrytis cinerea. Author: R.W.S. Weber Affiliation: Esteburg Fruit Research and Advisory Center, Jork, Germany Title: Resistance of Botrytis cinerea to multiple fungicides in Northern German small-fruit production. Publication: Plant Disease. 2011. 95(10):1263-1269.
Posted in Uncategorized | Tagged blueberries, fungicides, Germany, mold, raspberries, strawberries | Leave a reply
European Consumers Demand Perfect Oranges Making Fungicide Use Necessary

Posted on January 31, 2013
Alternaria Brown Spot
Spain is a major producer of fresh oranges which are consumed throughout Europe. Disease infections in the citrus orchards can result in spots on the orange peel with no damage to the fruit inside. However, consumers will not pay top price for spotted oranges making fungicide use necessary. Alternaria brown spot (ABS) is a severe fungal disease of some mandarins and their hybrids in rainy and semiarid citrus-growing areas. The presence of ABS in Spain has become a serious problem for Fortune mandarin production. Defoliation due to spring infections weakens trees and has an important impact on yield. However, fruit damage causes the most important economic losses. Fruit symptoms include light brown, slightly depressed spots to circular and dark brown areas on the external surface. Although cultural practices that improve ventilation and prevent the growth of lush foliage can greatly reduce disease severity in the orchard, fungicide applications are essential to produce quality fruit for the fresh market. One or two
sprays generally are needed to protect spring flush foliage to reduce defoliation and prevent inoculum build-up. Authors: A. Vicent, J. Armengol and J. Garca-Jimnez Affiliation: Instituto Agroforestal Mediterrneo, Universidad Politcnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain Title: Rain fastness and persistence of fungicides for control of Alternaria brown spot of citrus. Publication: Plant Disease. 2007. 91(4):393-399.
Posted in Uncategorized | Tagged citrus, disease, Europe, fungicide, oranges, Spain | Leave a reply
Japanese Consumers Have High Standards for Rice Quality Making Insecticide Use Necessary
Posted on January 29, 2013
Damaged Rice
Rice Bug
The feeding of rice bugs on rice plants results in black marks on the rice grains. Japanese consumers demand perfect rice, which means that farmers must prevent the insects from feeding. A complex of Hemiptera, commonly referred to as rice bugs, are considered to be important insect pests in rice-growing regions of the world. Many species of Hemiptera, from families including Alydidae, Pentatomidae, Coreidae, and Miridae, have been reported as rice bugs. Rice bugs cause yield loss, decrease the quality of grain, and reduce the germination rate. Among these problems, decrease in the quality of grain is considered to be the most important problem in Japanese rice. Infestations cause brown or black marks on the grain. Contamination of as little as 0.1% of such stained grain has reduced commercial value according to Japanese rice quality regulations, and thus the economic injury level is very low. This has led rice farmers to a dependence on insecticide use for rice bug control.
Authors: H. Takeuchi1,2 and T. Watanabe1 Affiliation: 1Department of Entomology and Nematology, National Agricultural Research Center, Tsukuba, Japan; 2National Agricultural Research Center for Kyushu Okinawa Region, Kumamoto, Japan. Title: Mortality factors of eggs of Leptocorisa chinensis (Hemiptera: Alydidae) in rice fields. Publication: Journal of Economic Entomology. 2006. 99(2):366372.
Posted in Uncategorized | Tagged grains, insecticide, insects, Japan, rice, rice bugs | Leave a reply
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pesticide guy | a resource for documenting the value of pesticides in crop production around the world

EPA Recognizes Value of Fumigants in Peanut Fields

http://pesticideguy.org/[3/2/2013 12:53:44 PM]

Fumigated and Non-Fumigated

Follow pesticide guy serious sunburn on

Enter your email address

SUBSCRIBE TO BLOG VIA EMAIL

http://pesticideguy.org/[3/2/2013 12:53:44 PM]

(DP#337490). Available at http://www.regulations.gov/#!home

Mildew Causes Sunburned Tomatoes

Mildew on tomato leaves

http://pesticideguy.org/[3/2/2013 12:53:44 PM]

Onion Plants Die Without Insecticide Treatments

Onion Maggot Damage

http://pesticideguy.org/[3/2/2013 12:53:44 PM]

Rice Stripe on Leaf

http://pesticideguy.org/[3/2/2013 12:53:44 PM]

Chilean Apple Growers Must Use Insecticides to Control Quarantine Pests

Codling Moth Frass

http://pesticideguy.org/[3/2/2013 12:53:44 PM]

Fungal Growth on Sugarbeet Leaves Would Lower U.S.

Fungicide Treatment (Left: Treated Right: Untreated)

Nobody Wants an Orange with a Worm Inside

http://pesticideguy.org/[3/2/2013 12:53:44 PM]

Growing Berries in Germany Requires Fungicides to Prevent Mold

http://pesticideguy.org/[3/2/2013 12:53:44 PM]

European Consumers Demand Perfect Oranges Making Fungicide Use Necessary

http://pesticideguy.org/[3/2/2013 12:53:44 PM]

Alternaria Brown Spot

http://pesticideguy.org/[3/2/2013 12:53:44 PM]

http://pesticideguy.org/[3/2/2013 12:53:44 PM]

http://pesticideguy.org/[3/2/2013 12:53:44 PM]

Theme: Twenty Eleven

http://pesticideguy.org/[3/2/2013 12:53:44 PM]

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