1

METROLOGY LABORATORY
NAME: Swarup Ghosh
CLASS : B.M.E. III; B
2
ROLL : 000611201094
EXPERIMENT NO. 6
DATE : 22-04-09
TITLE : MEASUREMENT OF THE ELEMENTS OF
SPUR GEAR
OBJECT : To determine the base circle diameter and
tooth thickness at a given pitch circle diameter of a
spur gear
2
1. Sketch the gear tooth vernier caliper and state, which
element of the gear is measured by this instrument. Write
the relevant mathematical expressions required for said
measurement of the element.
Ans :>
which Gear tooth Vernier is used to measure the thickness
of a gear. Generally tooth thickness is defined as the length of
arc along the pitch circle from one face the opposite face of a
tooth. As the tooth thickness varies from tip to the base of a tooth
the instrument must have provision for
3
a) Measuring the to the thickness at a specified position
on the tooth.
b) The position at which the measurement is taken.
The gear tooth Vernier has a horizontal slide to measure
the tooth thickness, and a vertical slide which acts as a Vernier
depth gauge to measure the position at tooth thickness is
measured.
The vertical slide measures the depth of our measurement
taking the outer diameter of the gear as the datum level. Since
the instrument has two degrees of freedom, the holding of the
instrument along the proper axis as shown depends on the skill
of the operator and the accuracy is seldom more than 0.05mm.
W
A
B
E
D
R
tooth thickness is specified as the arc distance AEB. Also
distance d=DC adjusted on the instrument is slightly greater than
the addendum EC.
So we calculate using:
4
W = chordal thickness, d = chordal Addendum
2. Show with deduction of necessary mathematical
expressions, how the tooth thickness of the gear can be
checked by the constant chord method with the help of gear
tooth Vernier caliper.
Ans :>
The constant chord is a useful dimension since it has the same
nominal value for all gears of a common system; the backlash
allowance is the same for all gears. It is the chord between point at
which the tooth profile touches the basic rack of the system, where
tangents to the flank (i.e. at the pressure angle to the tooth centre line)
The geometry is shown in the figure below. AF is shown as the
constant chord.
( ) ( )
1
]
1

,
_

,
_

+ +
+ +

,
_

,
_

N
90
cos
N
2
1
2
Nm
N
90
cos
2
Nm
m
2
Nm
cos
2
DP
m
2
DP
cos R m R OD EC OE OD OC d
N
90
sin D
N 4
360
sin R 2 sin AC 2 AD 2 W
R N
N 4
360
AOD AD 2 ADB Line W
p



Again,

Now,
radius circle Pitch teeth of number the is Where
and
5
Thus, we see M and h is independent on number of teeth but
are functions of and m. The same series of gears have the same
pressure angle , thus much laborious calculations are eliminated by
this method.
3. Sketch a Module Gauge used for Gear Metrology. What
is a D.P. Gauge ?
N
D
N
PCD
BD
p

4
1
4
1
( )

cos cos BD AC
AB AC cos
AB
AC
BD AB cos
BD
AB
4
m
BD
cos
triangle handed right for Also
cos
ABD triangle angle right In
( )
1
]
1

2 sin
8
1 m 2 sin
8
m
m h
sin
8
m
sin cos
4
m
sin cos BD sin AB BC
cos
2
m
AC 2 M cos
4
m
AC
2 2
Also,
6
Ans :>
D.P. gauge and module gauge are the name of the same
instrument but the term module gauge is generally used where the
dimensions of the gear profile are specified in metric units and the
term D.P. gauge is used for gear profiles specified in imperial units.
D.P. (Diametral pitch) is only the reciprocal of module for a gear. But
since most standard metric gears have module greater than unity they
are commonly specified by their modules. For standard gears
specified in imperial units the module in commonly less then unity and
the diametral pitch which is greater than unity is used.

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: SAMPLE CALCULATION:
Micrometer reading over 3 teeth, a
1
= 34.13 mm. a
2
= 34.15 mm.
a
3
= 34.16 mm. a
4
= 34.12 mm. a
5
= 34.19 mm.
Micrometer reading over 4 teeth, b
1
= 47.14 mm. b
2
= 47.12 mm.
b
3
= 47.15 mm. b
4
= 47.11 mm. b
5
= 47.14 mm.
Difference, b
1
a
1
= 13.01 mm.
b
2
a
2
= 12.92 mm.
b
3
a
3
= 12.99 mm.
b
4
a
4
= 12.99 mm.
b
5
a
5
= 12.95 mm.
Base pitch P
b
= (b - a) y = 12.92/1 = 12.92 mm.
Base circle diameter D
b
= 16 (b - a) y = 65.84 mm.
Pressure angle = cos
-1
{(b - a)/my} = 23.94
0
(where, m = 4.51
mm.)
The angle subtended by the gear centre by arc tooth thickness along
base circle,
= [2{a (x -1) P
b
} y] / T (b-a) = 0.14 radian or, 8
0
(where, x= 4)
The angle subtended by the gear centre by arc tooth thickness along
pitch circle,
8
= { - 2(tan - )} = 7.90
0
= 0.141 rad.
The arc tooth thickness along pitch circle, L
a
= (m.T.)
/
2 = 5.15 mm.