Adarsh S Kawale PRN: 12020941011

Assignment - 01

TECHNOLOGY IN BANKING OPERATIONS

Explain the concept of Network Topology and its various types

Adarsh S Kawale PRN: 12020941011

CONCEPT OF NETWORK:

A network can be defined as a group of computers and other devices connected in some way so as to be able to exchange data. In a network of computers, people can share files and peripherals such as modems, printers etc. Each of the devices on the network can be thought of as a node (hub),each node has a unique address. In modern networking, data is transferred using packet switching. Messages are broken in to packets and sent from one computer to another. At the destination, data is extracted from packets and used to reconstruct the original message. TYPES OF NETWORK: Broadly there are two types of network: Local Area Network (LAN) It confined to a particular geographic area such as a building or a college campus. Wide Area Network (WAN) It covers cities, countries and continents. NETWORK TOPOLOGY: A topology describes the configuration of a communication network. The way in which the elements of a network are mapped or arranged is known as a network topology. A topology describes the physical and the logical interconnection between the different nodes of a network. Types of Network Topologies 1) Star Topology

Adarsh S Kawale PRN: 12020941011

In this type of network topology, each node of the network is connected to a central node, which is known as a hub. The data that is transmitted between the network nodes passes across the central hub. Advantages Suited to larger networks, easy to expand the network, easy to troubleshoot problems. Disadvantages Hubs become a single point of network failure, a bit expensive. 2) Ring Topology

In a ring topology, every node in the network is connected to two other nodes and the first and the last nodes are connected to each other. The data that are transmitted over the network pass through each of the nodes in the ring until they reach the destination node. In a ring network, the data and the signals that pass over the network travel in a single direction. Advantages Growth of ring has minimal effect on performance Each node is able to filter and amplify the data before sending it to the next node. Can cover a larger area than star. Disadvantages One malfunctioning workstation can create problems for the entire network, slow in performance as compared to Ethernet network.

Adarsh S Kawale PRN: 12020941011

3) Bus Topology

In this type of network topology, all the nodes of a network are connected to a common transmission medium having two endpoints. All the data that travels over the network is transmitted through a common transmission medium known as the bus or the backbone of the network. When the transmission medium has exactly two endpoints, the network topology is known by the name, 'linear bus topology'. In case the transmission medium, also called the network backbone, has more than two endpoints, the network is said to have a distributed bus topology. Advantages Less expensive as compared to star topology due to less footage of cabling, good for smaller networks. Disadvantages Limited size and speed, difficult to troubleshoot. 4) Mesh topology

In a full mesh network, each network node is connected to every other node in the network. Due to this arrangement of nodes, it becomes possible for a simultaneous transmission of signals from one node to several other nodes. In a partially connected mesh network, only some of the network nodes are connected to more than one node. This is beneficial over a fully connected mesh in terms of redundancy caused by the point-to-point links between all the nodes.

Adarsh S Kawale PRN: 12020941011

Advantages When one node fails others continue to function without disruption, network can be easily expanded, data can be sent from one node to many nodes. Disadvantages Expensive since length of cable required is more, implementation can be a arduous task. 5)Hybrid Topology

Hybrid networks use a combination of any two or more topologies in such a way that the resulting network does not exhibit one of the standard topologies (e.g., bus, star, ring, etc.). For example, a tree network connected to a tree network is still a tree network topology. A hybrid topology is always produced when two different basic network topologies are connected. Two common examples for Hybrid network are: star ring network and star bus network Short notes on SPNS or SWADHAN
IBA has set up a Shared Payment Network System (SPNS) or SWADHAN network of ATMs of its member banks in Mumbai. The network went live on February 1, 1997. The objective behind the SWADHAN network is to provide 24 hours, 7 days in a week and 365 days in a year, electronic banking service to the customer of a member bank any where in the city of Mumbai. The ATMs of member banks are connected to a Central Switch through MTNL leased lines. The Central Switch which is the heart of the SWADHAN network is located in Dadar and is connected to three zonal hubs. These hubs are located in Chembur, Fort and Andheri. The ATM in a particular area is connected to the nearest zonal hub. The cardholders' database is kept at the Central Switch. Banks update the balances at the Switch at pre-determined frequencies. On a daily basis the Switch provides settlement reports necessary for arriving at inter-bank settlement.

Adarsh S Kawale PRN: 12020941011