Unemployment refers to the the state of being unemployed or not having a job i.e. joblessness.

A person is said to be unemployed if he or she is PHYSICALLY CAPABLE, MENTALLY WILLING and READY to work at the prevailing wage rate but is unable to find the job. Our country is set to be progressing by leaps and bounds in the matter of economy but this progress is low sided that the net results is the sharp increase in the number of unemployed. Population of our country India is increasing day by day. It is the second highest populous country in the world. Today ,we have over 1.15 billion people in our country and so is the increasing unemployment rate. Today, we have both educated and uneducated unemployed people. We have skilled and unskilled unemployed youths both in the urban and the rural areas. Even degree holders are unemployed. The main cause of unemployment is the growing population. Other factors are Recessions, Inflation ,corruption, disability, and nepotism.
1) Voluntary unemployment

In this type of unemployment a person is out of job of his own desire doesn't work on the prevalent or prescribed wages. Either he wants higher wages or doesn't want to work at all. It is in fact social problem leading to social disorganization. Social problems and forces such as a revolution, a social upheaval, a class struggle, a financial or economic crisis a war between nations, mental illness, political corruption mounting unemployment and crime etc. threaten the smooth working of society. Social values are often regarded as the sustaining forces of society. They contribute to the strength and stability of social order. But due to rapid social change new values come up and some of the old values decline. At the same time, people are not is a position to reject the old completely and accept the new altogether. Here, conflict between the old and the new is the inevitable result which leads to the social disorganization in imposed situation. In economic terminology this situation is voluntary unemployment.

(2) In voluntary unemployment

In this type of situation the person who is unemployed has no say in the matter. It means that a person is separated from remunerative work and devoid of wages although he is capable of earning his wages and is also anxious to earn them. Forms and types of unemployment according to Hock are. a. Cyclical unemployment - This is the result of the trade cycle which is a part of the capitalist system. In such a system, there is greater unemployment and when there is depression a large number of people are rendered unemployed. Since such an economic crisis is the result of trade cycle, the unemployment is a part of it. b. Sudden unemployment - When at the place where workers have been employed there is some change, a large number of persons are unemployed. It all happens in the industries, trades and business where people are employed for a job and suddenly when the job has ended they are asked to go. c. Unemployment caused by failure of Industries - In many cases, a business a factory or an industry has to close down. There may be various factors responsible for it there may be dispute amongst the partners, the business may give huge loss or the business may not turn out to be useful and so on. d. Unemployment caused by deterioration in Industry and business - In various industries, trades or business, sometimes, there is deterioration. This deterioration may be due to

various factors. In efficiency of the employers, keen competitions less profit etc. are some of the factors responsible for deterioration in the industry and the business. e. Seasonal unemployment - Certain industries and traders engage workers for a particular season. When the season has ended the workers are rendered unemployed. Sugar industry is an example of this type of seasonal unemployment.
f.

g. Under employement

A situation in which a worker is employed, but not in the desired capacity, whether in terms of compensation, hours, or level of skill and experience. While not technically unemployed, the underemployed are often competing for available jobs Underemployment can refer 3 different things in Economics:

1."Overqualification" or "over-education", or the employment of workers with high education, skill levels, or experience in jobs that do not require such abilities. For example, a trained teacher( B.A,B.Ed) who works as a taxi driver would experience this type of underemployment. Or A trained management graduate working as a LDC clerk in an office. 2."Involuntary part-time" work, where workers who could (and would like to) be working for a full work-week can only find part-time work. By extension, the term is also used in regional planning to describe regions where economic activity rates are unusually low, due to a lack of job opportunities, training opportunities, or due to a lack of services such as childcare and public transportation. 3."Overstaffing" or "hidden unemployment" (also called "labour hoarding)the practice in which businesses or entire economies employ workers who are not fully occupied For example, workers currently not being used to produce goods or services due to legal or social restrictions or because the work is highly seasonal or I cannot chuck them out because of labour laws.

The work is less but the number of people employed is more, there is underutilization of the persons capacity and the financial capital that can be gained from him is far less. In all the above situations it is called Underemployement.

Causes of Unemployment are as follows:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Increasing Population i.e. High population growth. Recessions. Inflation. Corruption. Disability to do the job. Nepotism/ corruption/favouritism/reservation. Demand of highly skilled labour. Attitude towards employers. Undulations in the business cycles or agricultural sector comprising of the factors such as low production, natural calamities such as drought, famine or any natural disaster. 10. Unsatisfied incomes or salaries of the employees. 11. Willingness to work: Young people are not ready to take jobs which are considered to be socially degrading or lowly. 12. Deterioration in Industry and business. Effects of Unemployment: 1. 2. 3. 4. Low economic growth. Widespread poverty Unemployment can lead to emotional and mental stress and rise of crimes. A person can also get demoralized, he can do wrong things like alcohol and drug abuse or even may commit suicide. 5. Higher income inequalities and disparities leading to nothing but poverty.

Remedies And Solutions to unemployment: 1. The main remedy lies in the Rapid Industrialization. 2. The need of faster economic growth to generate more jobs. 3. The need of improvements in the education and training provided to the youths with a greater focus on vocational skills and self employment. 4. The Government support to struggling industries is necessary to try to save jobs. 5. Cuts in real wages is also a way to help in reducing the problem of unemployment. 6. Promoting education especially female education and motivating people to have small families.

The problem of unemployment is a really a very dangerous and ticklish problem. Unemployment check is very necessary and needed to be removed for the betterness of one and all. Government schemes and steps to curb unemplyoment