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Based on a valid Lewis structure and the positioning of electron pairs as far apart from one another as possible.
VSEPR
Valence e- on a central atom (both bonding and nonbonding pairs) will take up positions as far away from each other as possible (i.e., e- pairs repel each other).
Gives rise to the five fundamental electronic geometries for the arrangement of 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 regions of electron density. Example Lewis Structure # e- pairs VSEPR central fundamental atom geometry Bond Angles
BeCl2
180o
BF3
120o
CH4
109.5o
PCl5
SF6
90o
The Electronic Geometry is defined by the position of e- pairs on the central atom ( one of the five fundamental VSEPR geometries). Molecular Geometry is defined by the positions of other nuclei around the central atom and are based on (but not necessarily identical to) one of the five basic VSEPR geometries. Lone pairs on the central atom occupy space, but do not define molecular geometry. (Molecular geometries and bond angles can be experimentally verified by x-ray diffraction analysis). If there are no lone pairs on the central atom, then Electronic Geometry = Molecular Geometry.
In trigonal bi-pyramid and octahedral geometries, always minimize the number of 90o LP-LP interactions.
In situations where several resonance structures can be drawn, any one can be used to predict geometry (remember to treat multiple bonds as effectively one bonding pair in VSEPR). SO3 COS O3
Molecules in which there is no single central atom. VSEPR can be used in more complex bonding schemes to describe geometries and predict bond angles.
CH3NO2
NH2OH
CH3
CH3
H : O:
Vitamin-A
CH3
: O:
H3C :O :
Caffeine
N: .. N CH3
CH3 N: H N: