TELEPHONY

Definition:
Telephony refers to the general use of telephones to provide voice communication over distances.

With the arrival of computers, digital transmission, and the use of radio waves to transmit
telephone signals, the distinction between telephony and telecommunication has become difficult
to make.

TELEPHONE

• The telephone is the backbone of telephony.

• It is an apparatus for sending sound or speech to a distant point over wires by means of
electricity.

CELLPHONE

• Short for cellular telephone.

• It is a telephone which uses radio waves to transmit and receive signals instead of wires.

• It is called cellular because it communicates with a computerized transmitting and

receiving base station that serves a small geographical area called a cell. The base station
in each cell communicates with the regular telephone network through a mobile
telephone switching office.
HISTORY OF THE TELEPHONE

• Innocenzo Manzetti
- gave the first idea of a telephone. It was called as the “speaking telegraph”. (1844)

• Johann Philipp Reis

- publicly demonstrated the Reis telephone before the Physical Society of Frankfurt.

• Antonio Meucci
- filed a patent caveat titled "Sound Telegraph", describing communication of voice between two
people by wire.

• Elisha Gray
- filed a patent caveat for transmitting the human voice through a telegraphic circuit.
(February 14, 1876)

• Alexander Graham Bell

- is considered as the inventor of the telephone.

Unknowingly, on the same day, February 14, 1876, just few hours after Elisha Gray, Alexander
Graham Bell applies for the patent "Improvements in Telegraphy" the transmission of vocal or
other sounds telegraphically.

Gray is notified of interference between his patent and Bell's patent.

Gray decides to abandon his patent caveat.

Bell's patent "Improvement in Telegraphy" was granted. (March 1876)

The story of the First Words on the telephone:

Bell was about to test the new transmitter. In another room, Watson waited for the test message.
Suddenly, by accident, Bell spilled some acid from a battery on his clothes. All of a sudden, Bell
cried out: "Mr. Watson, come here. I want you!" And that was the historical first words spoken
through the telephone. (March 1876)

ABOUT THE TELEPHONE

Four main parts:

1. Transmitter (Microphone)
2. Receiver (Speaker)
3. Hook Switch
4. Dialing mechanism (Keypad)

1. Transmitter
- often called as the microphone
- It converts the sound waves of a person's voice into an electric current.

Two kinds
1. The carbon transmitter – is the basic type
2. The foil-electret microphone – is the modern type. It is most used in modern telephones.

About The Carbon Transmitter:

Main parts:
1. Diaphragm – A thin round aluminum
2. Carbon chamber – contains tiny grains of carbon.

How it works:
The sound waves of the person cause the diaphragm to vibrate. When the diaphragm vibrates,
pressure is being exerted into the carbon grains and then electric current is produced. The electric
current produced, is the electric "copy" of the speaker's voice. Louder the sound, higher the
electric current.
2. Receiver
- often called as the speaker
- It converts electric current to sound.
- Therefore, the receiver turns back the electric copy of the speaker’s voice to the original sound
of the voice.

Main Parts:
1. Diaphragm – thin round piece of iron
2. Permanent magnet – exerts constant pull on the diaphragm.
3. Electromagnet – a coil located at the back of diaphragm

How it works:
When the produced electric current flows through the coil, the electromagnet becomes
magnetized. The magnetized electromagnet causes the diaphragm to vibrate and then create
sound waves almost the same as those of the speaker's voice.

3. Hook Switch
- The hook switch connects and disconnects the phone from the network.

How it works:
When you lift the phone, the hook switch connects to the network and enables you to make a call.
When you put down the phone, the hook switch disconnects to the network and disables you to
make a call but then enables you to receive a call.

4. Dialing mechanism
- often called as the keypad and consists of keys 0-9, * and #.

How it works:
Each key generates a pair of accurately controlled tones from combination of frequencies. Each
key also generates a certain number of electric pulses. The number of electric pulses is then used
by the computers in the telephone network to direct your call to its receiver.

THE TELEPHONE NETWORK

• The signal leaves your house to a telephone local exchange.

• The local exchange is connected to all the phones in a small geographical area.
• From the local exchanges, calls are routed to the main exchange.
• The main exchange may route the call to another main exchange depending on where the
call is going.
• If overseas, the main exchange directs the call to another main exchange via undersea
cable or satellite system. Then it is directed to the corresponding local exchange until
reaches it receiver.
• If not overseas, the main exchange directs the call right away to the corresponding local
exchange until reaches it receiver.
 ECET5

TELEPHONY

Submitted by:
ECET2A/2A1

Group 4

Leader: Rhegine Raymond P. Calderon

Assistant Leader: Arlou Arriola

Members:

Jomarie Casaclang

Jomar Sanchez

Fatima Solomon

Niño Carlo Barcebal

Mark Kevin Basa

Jan Carlo Reymundo

Submitted to:
Prof. Corazon Cruz