Alcatel

BTS
Description

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00249922649459

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Transceivers
BTS MS
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)automatice transfere switch( ATS

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Rectifier 220AC -48DC




BTS

)ALCATEL EVOLIUM A9100 INDOOR-BTS (MBI5

Alcatel 9100 BTS Description

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Situation of the BTS

Topology

In chain topology, the BSC is connected with Abis link to a BTS. This one
is connected to a second BTS with a second Abis link, the second BTS is at
its turn connected to a third one and so on.
bts bts Abis bsc
.... Abis
In ring or loop topology, the last BTS of a chain is connected back to the
BSC. This topology offers some security since traffic between any BTS
and BSC is broadcast on the two paths, selection is based on dedicated
Service bits / bytes.
bsc bts
bts bsc
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 Abis via satellite : BTS on satellite Abis links have increased timer value
for the LAPD protocols (RSL, OML).

Cell split over 2 BTSs: The system is able to handle cells whose TRXs are
located in two different BTSs. This feature brings important flexibility by
allowing particularly:
o To extend an existing site only by adding TRXs in a new BTS, not
touching the arrangement of the existing BTS,
o To combine existing cells into one, e.g. one GSM 900 cell and one
GSM 1800 cell in order to get a multi-band cell,
o To support 3x8 TRXs configurations in 2 racks (instead of 3).
)/ ( TRXs 2bts
:
bts TRXs
1800 900
3x8 TRXs
Functions of the BTS
The BTS performs:
The coverage of the radio transmission
The management of air interface with the mobile
The O&M functions
Radio Performance
Support GSM900 (E-GSM), GSM1800 (DCS), GSM1900 and GSM850
alcatel A9100 Evolium BTS
Dual band configurations

Reception sensitivity at antenna connector better than -111 dBm, for
GMSK modulation
GMSK -111 dBm
FR (Full Rate), HR (Half Rate), EFR (Enhanced Full Rate), AMR
(Adaptive MulRate) are supported
alcatel A9100 Evolium BTS
Support several A5 ciphering algorithms (A5/0=no ciphering, A5/1 and
A5/2)

Bands that are supported by A9100 Evolium BTS:

alcatel A9100 Evolium BTS

Radio (synthesized) frequency hopping

Coverage solutions for improved output power:

Antenna diversity
) (
Wide Band Combining

Operation and Maintenance Features
Station unit sharing
SUMA
Automatic progressive shutdown in case of mains power failure (AC
powered BTSs)
(
Support of the hardware auto-detection

Hot insertion / extension of all modules

Auto-identification

Unbalanced losses/powers detection and regulation

SW download (from BSC to BTS) without service interruption
bsc
2 SW versions kept in flash EPROMs in SUM
SUMA
Fast restart after breakdown

Transmission and Power supply

Two A-bis connections
Free run mode or external clock reference synchronization

Plug-in light indoor Unit (PIDU) of microwave entity

By-pass of A-bis connections in case of BTS switch off
A-bis
DC or AC power supply

Other Features:
GPRS ready
EGPRS ready by a simple add TRE
UMTS ready
Split Cell
GMSK and 8-PSK comparison
GMSK:
is a constant amplitude modulation.

power amplifiers are often used as close as possible to the saturation point
in GMSK, if not in the saturation region.
8-PSK
is a non-constant amplitude modulation.

it is important to ensure that peaks of 8-PSK modulated signals are using
the power amplifier in a non-saturation region.
therefore the average 8-PSK power is smaller than the peak 8-PSK
power.
The difference between the GMSK average power and the 8-PSK average
power is called the 8-PSK Delta Power.
8-PSK Delta Power 8-PSK GMSK

Cell split over 2 BTSs

Description
If the needed site configurations (indoor or outdoor, single band or multiband)
cannot be achieved with a single cabinet, it can be done using two collocated
cabinets.

Benefits
Cells can be defined with up to 16 TRX, split in two sectors one main and one
secondary
16TRX
Reduced number of cabinets for some configurations (e.g. 3 x 8 TRX)

Merge two existing cells in different bands in one dual-band cell

There is no need to modify the configuration of the existing BTS when
extending a site (no need to change the cabling)

The two cabinets are clock synchronised in a master / slave configuration.

Extended Cell
Definition
o Provides the continuous coverage, minimizing the number of sites.
o
Allows reaching a coverage range of up to 70 km in low traffic density
areas such as: rural areas, highways, off shore, desert areas
70
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 Principle
o An extended cell is composed of one BTS including two sectors:
o
1. the first sector handles inner-cell traffic up to 35 km.
35
2. the second sector handles outer-cell traffic, from 33 km to a maximum of
70 km.
70 33
3. each sector can include from 1 up to 4 TRX.
4TRX

Microwave integration

Microwave links are one of the possibilities to provide 2Mbit/s links

required for connection to the BSC or to other BTSs.
bsc
Microwave equipment are typically made of two parts:

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- a "radio part" that includes the antenna and the associated transmitter/receiver;
this part is typically installed outdoor, where the antenna must be, and is thus
also called the "Outdoor Unit" (ODU).
ODU
- a "baseband part" that takes in charge base band processing plus other
common functions; this second part is designed to be installed indoor, and is thus
also called the "Indoor Unit" (IDU)
IDU
ODU in 13-23-25-38 GHz frequency bands.
13-23-25-38 GHz
Typically the distance achieved are:
From 5 to 30 km for the microwave frequencies (13 to 18 GHz)
From a few hundred meters up to 10 km for the millimeter wave frequencies
(23 to 38 GHz)
Microwave integration
The Plug-in light IDU (PIDU ) is a new mechanical version of the light IDU,
that has been designed to be fully integrated in the indoor and outdoor cabinets as
a BTS plug-in module in the radio sub-racks.
bts PIDU

PIDU features:
Power supply via back panel as other BTS plug-in modules.

A-bis connector and connection to ODU accessible on the front panel.

Monitoring of Microwave possible by external alarms.

Possible integration of the PIDU in the BTS remote inventory.

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Secondary A-bis
The increase in data throughputs over radio interface, may lead to the use of a
secondary Abis. Only SUMA board supports this feature.
Abis
New Abis topologies are accepted:

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Functional Architecture
BTS Overall architecture

BTS

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Transmission controls :
Radio channels management.
Abis link management.
OMU manages:
Fault management.
Performance management.
Translation of SBL to RIT
TRE controls : TRE
Modulation of the signal
TDMA Frame
AN Role:
Coupling, Duplexing.Filtering.
Amplification. Splitting.
Transmission
Two physical A-bis interfaces are used to connect the BTS to the BSC
bsc bts Abis
This interfaces are supervised by transmission functions at BTS and BSC sides.
bsc bst
This interface handles the transfer of traffic and signalling data
The 2 Mbps bandwidth of the Abis Interface is used as 32 time slot, each of 64
kbps (ITU G703/704 frame).
Operation and maintenance
The O&M functions monitor and control the operation of the BTS:
: bts
1. Configuration management
2. Fault management
3. External alarm handling

The O&M Configuration Management Function handles the following tasks:

1. Central command Control
2. Configuration / Initialisation
3. File Handling
4. Data base
5. Remote Inventory and RF Cabling Detection
6. Live Insertion and Removal of modules
7. Hardware extension / Reduction
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The Fault Management Function handles the following tasks:

1. Alarm detection and Correlation
2. Alarm Reporting
3. Alarm Translation
4. Module Power Supply Control
External Alarm Handling
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For all BTSs, 16 external alarms inputs are available.
Antenna network
The main functions of the AN are:
Downlink
o Isolation of the transmitters from the receivers
o
o Combining of two transmitters to connect them to single antenna
o
o Duplexing to allow transmitters and receivers to share the same antenna
o Power coupling and detection to sample the VSWR forward and reflected
power
) ( VSWR o
Uplink
o Pre-amplification to amplify the received signal and control the overall gain
of the antenna network
o Splitting to distribute the received signal to a pair of receivers

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Hardware architecture
The Architecture of the Alcatel 9100 Base Station is based on three levels:

Antenna Coupling Network level
Duplexers stage (ANC)
Combiners stage (ANY)
Transceiver (TRX) level /
Base station Control Function (BCF) level

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)MBI5: Multistandard Base Station Indoor(5 shelves

( )
:

( )

:
bts TRX TRX
) ANc ( Combiner feeder
SUMA
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:
o
o
o TRX
o
o
o ANc + SUMA
( ANc ANc
Dummy Panel o
o TRX
o
o
o ANc + SUMA
( ANc
)ANc + SUMA
Dummy Panel o
o TRX
o
o

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:
= XIBM alarm box
= MSCA
= DCBR5
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Transceiver (TRX) level /

The transceiver (TRX) level covers GSM 850, GSM 900, GSM 1800 and GSM
1900 functionalities, including full rate, half rate, enhanced full rate, antenna
diversity, radio frequency hopping (synthesized hopping) and different iphering
algorithms. For each band, these functions are integrated into one single module.
Inside each TRX module, an RF loop is implemented. The loop test is performed
after downloading the frequencies to the BTS as a supplement to the autotest.
The TRX module also handles the Radio Signaling Link (RSL) protocol.
full rate GSM900 TRX
RF loop TRE
RSL bts
Main Functions
Base band processing and RF processing
Radio resource management
Burst coding/decoding, encryption/decryption, modulation/demodulation,
power control and ramping, DTX .
.....
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 Terrestrial link management

Transcoding and rate adaptation, LAPD management 16 & 64 kbps with static
and statistical submultiplexing

Telecom TRX management
Overload management, Telecom configuration/ reconfiguration, RSL
management
TRX
Analogue signal processing
Analogue transmitter, analogue receiver, loop for RF supervision
......
TRE

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TRE Front panel

( ) leds ( )
Leds meaning

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Antenna Coupling Level.

The antenna coupling level is the stage between the antennas and the TRX level;
it handles the combining functions as well as the interface with the antennas. A
single module called Antenna Network Combiner (ANc) performs these
functions for up to 4 TRXs. For configurations of higher capacity, a Combiner
stage can be added. Thanks to the ANc flexibility and this modular building, the
antenna coupling level can be adapted to a wide range of requirements (reduction
of attenuation losses, minimization of the number of antennas).
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The general functions performed at this level are: Duplexing transmit and receive paths onto common
antennas; - Feeding the received signals from the
antenna to the receiver front end, where the signals are
amplified and distributed to the different receivers
(Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) and power splitter
functions);
- Providing filtering for the transmit and the receive
paths; - Combining, if necessary, output signals of
different transmitters and connecting them to the
antenna(s); - Supervising antennas VSWR (Voltage
Standing Wave Ratio).
, TRX
( TRE ANc
) ....




The Antenna Network Combiner (ANc) module The Antenna Network
combiner module (ANc) connects up to four transmit signals to two antennas,
and distributes the received signals from each antenna to up to four receivers (for
the normal and the diversity reception). This module includes twice the same
structure, each structure containing:
ANc

- One duplexer allowing a single antenna to be used for the transmission and
reception of both downlink and uplink channels- hence minimizing the number
of antenna
downlink and uplink
- A frequency selective VSWR meter to monitor antenna feeder and antenna One LNA amplifying the receive RF signal, and giving good VSWR values,
noise compression and good reliability
) ( VSWR

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 ANc

25

 ( ) leds ( )

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2.1.3 Base station Control Function (BCF) level

This level is ensured by the Station Unit Module (SUM), which is the central unit
of the BTS. There is only one such module per BTS, whatever the number of
sectors and TRXs is; this common control function of the SUM is also called
Station Unit Sharing. The main base station control functions performed are as
follows:
SUMA bts
bts TRX
- Generating the clocks for all other BTS modules; the clocks can be either
synchronized to an external clock reference - e.g. A-bis link, GPS or another
BTS - or generated in a pure free-run mode by an internal frequency generator.
BT
- Ensuring central BTS Operation & Maintenance (O&M) application, Handling the A-bis transmission links (up to two A-bis interfaces), - Handling
Operation and Maintenance Link (OML) and Controlling the AC/DC function
when integrated inside the BTS (Outdoor or Indoor AC configurations), 27

Controlling the battery (capacity, voltage, temperature), - Setting the optimal

voltage and current for battery charging.
bts

SUMA

( ) leds (
)

28

 ( )
TRE

BTS
Alcatel-9100-Bts-Maintenance-

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