Chapter 2 (2.1) : Advanced Differentiation Formula and Implicit Functions (Part 2)

11
2

2.1: APPLY ADVANCED DIFFERENTIATION FORMULAE AND IMPLICIT FUNCTIONS
2.1.1: Perform Differentiation of Inverse Trigonometric Functions
- USING FORMULA PROVIDED

- Calculations directly using formula
- Form of question y = inverse trigonometric
- Example:
i. y = tan
-1
x u = x
ii. y = sin
-1
5x u = 5x
iii. y = tan
-1
(2x-1) u = 2x-1
iv. y = sin
-1
(cos x) u = cos x
v. y = sin
-1
(
) u =

vi. y = cosec
-1
(1+x
2
) u = 1+x
2

- Example (a)
Differentiate the following functions with respect to x:
i. y = sin
-1
(cos x)
ii. y = sin
-1
(
)
iii. y = cosec
-1
(1+x
2
)
ADVANCED DIFFERENTIATION
u
FORMULA:
-
-
-
-
-
-
FORMULA:
-
-
-

-
-

12

Solution:
i. y = sin
-1
(cos x)
Step 1: Identify the u from the equation and find

u = cos x ,
= - sin x
Step 2: Determine the formula and replace the u and

( )
dx
du
u
u
dx
d
2
1
1
1
sin
( ) ) sin (
) (cos 1
1
cos sin
2
1
x
x
x
dx
d
-

=
x
x
cos 1
sin
2

=
x
x
sin
sin
2
=
x
x
sin
sin
= -1

ii. y = sin
-1
(
)

u =

( )
dx
du
u
u
dx
d
2
1
1
1
sin
|
.
|
\
|
-
|
.
|
\
|
= |
.
|
\
|

3
1
3
1
1
1
3
1
sin
2
1
x
x
dx
d

=
|
|
.
|
\
|
9
1 3
1
2
x
=
9
9
3
1
2
x

=
( )
2
9
9
1
3
1
x
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
2
9 x

iii. y = cosec
-1
(1+x
2
)

u = 1+x
2
,
= 2x

( )
dx
du
u u
u
dx
d
1
1
cosec
2
1
( )
( ) ( )
( ) x
x x
x
dx
d
2
1 1 1
1
1 cosec
2
2 2
2 1
-
+ +
= +

=
( ) ( )
2 4 2
2 1
2
x x x
x
+ +

=
( ) 2 1
2
2 2 2
+
|
.
|
\
|
+

x x x
x
=
( ) 2 1
2
2 2
+ +

x x

cos
2
x + sin
2
x = 1
1 cos
2
x = sin
2
x
Try this!
Find
y
for the following:

a) y = tan
-1
(2x-1)
b) y = sin
-1
5x

13

- USING PRODUCT RULE

- Calculations using product rule formula:

) (
)

- Form of question y =
- Example:
i. y = x
2
sin
-1

u = x
2
, v = sin
-1

ii. y = 3 sin
-1
(ln 2x) u = 3 , v = sin
-1
(ln 2x)
iii. y = x cos
-1
x u = x , v = cos
-1
x

- Example (b)
i. y = x
2
sin
-1

ii. y = 3 sin
-1
(ln 2x)
iii. y = x cos
-1
x

Solution:
i. y = x
2
sin
-1

Step 1: Form of y = uv, identified the value of u and v.
y = x
2
sin
-1

u = x
2
v = sin
-1

Step 2: Differentiate both u and v. For v, refer formula from page 11.
u = x
2

= 2x v = sin
-1

4
2
1 2
1

x
=

Step 3: Use formula of product rule and simplify.

) (
) (
()

u
v
inverse trigonometric x
Differentiate sin
-1

Differentiate

2
1

2
2
1
1
-
=
|
.
|
\
|
x
14

)(

ii. y = 3 sin
-1
(ln 2x)

u = 3
= 0 v = sin
-1
(ln 2x)
=
( )
2
2
1

2
1
1

2 ln
- -
x
x

=
( )
2
1

2 ln
1
x x

) (
(
( )
2
1 2 ln
1
x x
)
( )()
=
( )
2
2 ln 1
3
x x

iii. y = x cos
-1
x

u = x
= 1 v = cos
-1
x
= 1
2
1
1
-
x
=
2
1
1
x
) (
()

= (

Differentiate sin
-1

Differentiate cos
-1

Try this!
Find
y
for the following:

a) y = (1 - x
2
) sin
-1
x
b) y = x tan
-1
x

x 2.5 2.9 3.3 3.7 4.1 4.5
y
15

- USING QUOTIENT RULE

- Calculations using quotient rule formula:

)(


- Example:
i. y =
u = tan
-1
, v = x
ii. y =
u =
, v =

- Example (c)
i. y =

ii. y =

Solution:
i. y =

Step 1: Form of y =
, identified the value of u and v.

u = tan
-1
x , v = x

Step 2: Differentiate both u and v. Refer formula from page 11 for any inverse trigonometric.

u = tan
-1
x
= 1
2
) ( 1
1
-
+ x

v = x
= 1

Differentiate tan
-1

Differentiate x = 1
16

Step 3: Use formula of quotient rule and simplify.
) (

=
(
()
()

=
(

ii. y =

u =
= 0 + 1
2
1
1
-
+ x
v =
= 0 - (
)
= -(
) (
) (
) (
)() (
)
(
)(
)
(
)(

Differentiate tan
-1

Differentiate 3tan
-1
x (use product rule):
u = 3 v = tan
-1
x
= 0
=
Try this!
Find
y
for the following:

y =
co

x 2.5 2.9 3.3 3.7 4.1 4.5
y
17

2.1.2: Perform Differentiation of Hyperbolic Functions

- Form of question y = hyperbolic functions
- Example:
i. y = cosh (7x + 2) u = 7x + 2
ii. y = sinh 2x u = 2x
iii. y = cosh (ln x) u = ln x

- Example (d)
i. y = cosh (7x + 2)
ii. y = sinh 2x
iii. y = cosh (ln x)

Solution:

i. y = cosh (7x + 2)

u = 7x + 2 ,
= 7

( )
dx
du
u u
dx
d
sinh cosh = ( ) ( ) 7 2 7 sinh 2 7 cosh - + = + x x
dx
d

= 7 sinh (7x + 2)

ii. y = sinh 2x

u = 2x ,
= 2
( )
dx
du
u u
dx
d
cosh sinh = ( ) 2 2 cosh 2 sinh - = x x
dx
d

= 2 cosh 2x

u
FORMULA:
-
-
-
-
-
-
18

iii. y = cosh (ln x)
u = ln x ,

( )
dx
du
u u
dx
d
sinh cosh = ( ) ( ) 1
1
ln sinh ln cosh - - =
x
x x
dx
d

( ) x
x
ln sinh
1
=



) (
)

- Example:
i. y = x sinh x u = x , v = sinh x
ii. y = e
3x
cosh x
2
u = e
3x
, v = cosh x
2

iii. y = x
3
sinh 2x u = x
3
, v = sinh 2x

- Example (e)
i. y = x
3
sinh 2x
ii. y = x sinh x
iii. y = e
3x
cosh x
2

Solution:
i. y = x
3
sinh 2x
y = x
3
sinh 2x

u = x
3
v = sinh 2x

Try this!
Find
y
for the following:

a) y = ln (tanh x
3
)
b) y = coth (ln x
2
)
c) y = ech (
)

x 2.5 2.9 3.3 3.7 4.1 4.5
y
u
v
hyperbolic functions x
19

u = x
3

= 3x
2
v = sinh 2x
= 2 2 cosh - x = 2 cosh 2x


) (
( ch ) h (
(ch )
h

ii. y = x sinh x
u = x
= 1 v = sinh x
= 1 cosh - x

) (
(ch ) h ()
ch h

iii. y = e
3x
cosh x
2

u = e
3x

= 3e
3x
v = cosh x
2

= x x 2
2
sinh -
= 2x sinh x
2

) (
( h
) ch
(h
ch

Differentiate sinh

Differentiate 2x = 2
Differentiate sinh

Differentiate cosh

20

- USING QUOTIENT RULE

- Calculations using quotient rule formula:

)(


- Example:
i. y =
co
u = ch , v = x
2

ii. y =
(h )
u = (h ) , v =

iii. y =
co
u =
, v = ch

- Example (f)
i. y =
co

ii. y =
(h )

Solution:
i. y =
co

Step 1: Form of y =
, identified the value of u and v.

u = ch , v =

Step 2: Differentiate both u and v. Refer formula from page 16 for any hyperbolic functions.
u = ch
= sinh 2x 2 = 2 sinh 2x

v =
= 2x

Step 3: Use formula of quotient rule and simplify.

)(
( h )ch ()
( h ) ch

( ch )

( ch )

Differentiate 2x = 2 Differentiate tan
-1

21

ii. y =
(h )

u = (h )
= x
x
cosh
sinh
1
- v =
= 3e
3x

)(
(

h

) (
)
(
ch
(ch )

ch

2.1.3: Perform Differentiation of Inverse Hyperbolic Functions

- Form of question y = inverse hyperbolic
- Example:
i. y = sinh
-1
x u = x
ii. y = cosh
-1
(3 - 2x) u = 3 - 2x
iii. y = tanh
-1
(
) u =

Differentiate ln:

Differentiate sinh:

ch
h
ch
u
FORMULA:
-
-
-
-
-
-
Try this!
Find
y
for the following: y =
co

x 2.5 2.9 3.3 3.7 4.1 4.5
y
22

- Example (g)
i. y = cosh
-1
(3 - 2x)
ii. y = sinh
-1
x
iii. y = tanh
-1
(
)

Solution:

i. y = cosh
-1
(3 - 2x)

u = 3 - 2x ,
= -2

( )
dx
du
u
u
dx
d
1
2
1
1
cosh
( ) ) 2 (
1
2
) 2 3 (
1
2 3
1
cosh -

=
x
x
dx
d

=
1
2
) 2 3 (
2

x
=
1 9 12
2
4
2
+
x x

=
) 2 3
2
( 4
2
+
x x
=
) 2 3
2
(
1
+
x x

ii. y = sinh
-1
x
u = x ,
= 1

( )
dx
du
u
u
dx
d
2
1
1
1
sinh
+
=
( ) 1
2
1
1
1
sinh -
+
=
x
x
dx
d

=
2
1
1
x +

iii. y = tanh
-1
(
)
u = (
) ,

( ) 1 ,
2
1
1
1
tanh (
u
dx
du
u
u
dx
d

4
3
2
4
3
1
1
4
3
1
tanh -
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
x
x
dx
d

=
|
|
.
|
\
|
16
2
9
1
3
4
x
=
2
9 16
12
x

23



) (
)

- Example:
i. y = (x
2
- 1) tanh
-1
x u = x
2
- 1 , v = tanh
-1
x
ii. y = e
2x
cosh
-1
x

u = e
2x
, v = cosh
-1
x
iii.

- Example (h)
i. y = (x
2
- 1) tanh
-1
x
ii. e
2x
cosh
-1
x

Solution:

i. y = (x
2
- 1) tanh
-1
x


y = (x
2
- 1) tanh
-1
x

u = x
2
- 1

v = tanh
-1
x

u = x
2
- 1
= 2x v = tanh
-1
x
= 1
2
1
1
-
x

Try this!
Find
y
for the following:

a) y = sech
-1
(sin x)
b) y = cosech
-1
(tanh 2x)

x 2.5 2.9 3.3 3.7 4.1 4.5
y
u
v
inverse hyperbolic x
Differentiate tanh
-1

Differentiate x = 1
24


) (
)
(
) (
) (h
)()
(
) (h
)

ii. e
2x
cosh
-1
x
u = e
2x

= 2e
2x
v = cosh
-1
x
= 1
1
2
1
-
x

=
1
2
1
x

) (
)
e
(
1
2
1
x
) ch
)
(
1
2
2
x
x
e
)
ch

Try this!
Find
y
for the following:

y = 3 sinh
-1

x 2.5 2.9 3.3 3.7 4.1 4.5
y
25

2.1.4: Perform Differentiation of Implicit Functions
- Function of: f(xy)
- Differentiate functions of y with respect to x
- The chain rule must be used whenever the function y is being differentiated.

- Example (i):
Use implicit differentiation to find
y
for each equation:

i. y
2
2x
2
= 1
ii. 2xy y
3
= x
2

iii. xy + sin y = 1

Solution:

i. y
2
2x
2
= 1

Step 1: Differentiate functions of x with respect to x (straight forward).

Step 2: But when differentiating a function of y with respect to x we must remember the rule:
[()]
[()]

(
y
)
Step 3: Rearrange equation to collect all terms involving
y
together and simplify.

y

ii. 2 xy y
3
= x
2

[ (
) ()]
)
(
) (
)
Use product rule:
u = x v = y
(
y
)
() (
) ()() () (
) ()
26

iii. xy + sin y = 1

(
) c (
( c )

co

Try this!
a) Determine the gradient of the curve:
x
2
+ y
2
2x 6y + 5 = 0 at (3,2)
b) Given x
2
+ 3xy ln y = 3x. Find
if x = 0 and y = 1.
) (
)
Use product rule:
u = x v = y
(
y
)
() (
) ()() () (
) ()
Differentiate
of sin y

Chapter 2 (2.1) : Advanced Differentiation Formula and Implicit Functions (Part 2)

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Chapter 2 (2.1) : Advanced Differentiation Formula and Implicit Functions (Part 2)

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11

for the following:

for the following:

, identified the value of u and v.

for the following:

for the following:

, identified the value of u and v.

for the following: y =

for the following:

for the following:

for each equation:

together and simplify.

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