Distribution of Planktonic Ostracoda in the Surface Waters of the Bonaire Basin and Adjacent Seas Author(s): Luis Gonzles

C. and Evert Breman Reviewed work(s): Source: Crustaceana, Vol. 42, No. 2 (Mar., 1982), pp. 201-211 Published by: BRILL Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20103712 . Accessed: 13/08/2012 16:19
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Crustaceana

42 (2)

1982,

E. J.

Brill,

Leiden

IN THE SURFACE DISTRIBUTION OF PLANKTONIC OSTRACODA WATERS OF THE BONAIRE BASIN AND ADJACENT SEAS BY
LUIS GONZALES
Estaci?n de Investigaciones Marinas

C. and EVERT BREMAN

Punta de Piedras,

de Margarita (EDIMAR), Isla de Margarita, Venezuela

INTRODUCTION During Marinas an expedition out by the Estaci?n de Investigaciones carried de Margarita of the Fundaci?n La Salle de Ciencias with Naturales, were collected at 22 the oc?anographie vessel "La Salle", Zooplankton samples seas. The exact position in the Bonaire of the stations Basin and the adjacent is between the island 66?00,W chain and and 70?00' W (Cabo Codera) (Cabo San of Aruba-La and the coast of the Orchila limits of one

of study with Rom?n) mainland

area

The bathymetry respectively. in fig. 2. the area is shown in fig. 1, and the location of the stations All stations but one were between 8 and 13 August 1979; sampled southern was A qualitative sampled and two weeks distribution was carried later, on 23 August. study of the principal

as its northern

station

groups Zooplankton out by Gonz?lez (in press) and a second one of the heteropods and pteropods relative distribution by & Princz to a The present is the next contribution Gonzales study (in press). coast. of the Zooplankton off the Venezuelan better knowledge to Deevey the ostracodes form an important fraction According (1968), (especially copepods) on the density and among
regions.

the

Zooplankton 200 m

organisms,

especially

in tropical

and

subtropical contains is found an in

The

upper

important the upper

of water were because this layer sampled, of the Zooplankton, and the bulk of the ostracodes part in tropical areas (Deevey, 300 meters 1968).

EQUIPMENT

AND METHODS

tows were made from a maximum Oblique depth of 200 m using a cylindre and conical net (mesh size: 0.333 mm), with a T.S.K. flowmeter equipped a mouth treated with of 65 cm. Samples were characterized diameter 10% by was carried with borax. formalin for conservation and neutralized Sampling a ship velocity out at different of 2.0-2.5 hours of day and night, with knots.

202

LUIS

GONZALES

C. & EVERT

BREMAN

OSTRACODE

DISTRIBUTION

AND DENSITY

than 2,500 identified ostracodes, the more 26 different species could Among noticed that the Cariaco Trench, located to be distinguished. Deevey (1978) fauna (10 species record the east of the area of study, has a very poor ostracode in two other sta ed from tows down to a depth of 700 m in one station), while and La Blanquilla, and the other the islands of La Tortuga from depths 50 species were recorded of the Los Roques archipelago, to 1200 meters. Trench is characterized The Cariaco down by its stagnant so the few species recorded from than 150 m of depth, anaerobic water at more water this trench were from the uppermost layer. tions, south one between

Fig.

1. The

area

of study

with

its bathymetry

(depths

in fathoms).

The but
meters

Bonaire
were

Basin

and

the low number

sampled.

of species I shows

the adjacent waters also seem to be relatively poor, to the fact that only the upper 200 is due also
several deep-water species are not

Therefore,

represented. and juveniles To get an idea about This

Table

a species at the 22 stations. the relative

list with

the number

of identified

adults

formula Shannon-Wiener shows, as could be expected,

pelagic ostracode the obtained and plotted

we applied the diversity, on a map results (fig. 2). that the lowest diversity values were found at

OSTRACODA

OF

BONAIRE

BASIN

203
is located in

Another depths along the mainland. the central part of the Bonaire Basin.
The ostracode associations from

shallow

area of low diversities

stations are

near-shore

practically

monospecific. found. Conchoecia porrecta is the predominant rather frequent Other species in these offshore
C. acuminata, C. elegans, C. oblonga, C. procera,

In these

stations

large numbers

of Euconchoecia species stations

and C.

chierchiae were

in the offshore

stations. are Conchoecia conc?ntrica,

spinirostris.

Fig.

2. Location

of the stations formula

and

(H(S)

relative ostracode = x In pi pi)

diversity in the area

according of study.

to the Shannon-Wiener

In station
Vela", a

120,
somewhat

located

in the deeper
ostracode

offshore

part

of

the
was

"

Bah?a
found:

de La
large

anomalous

association

numbers

curta (44.3%) and C. elegans (30.4%). One of the causes of this later than the could be that station association 120 was sampled 172-2 weeks rest of the stations. for repeated If this is true, it only emphasizes the necessity one year to get a more complete sampling during at least image of the ostracode of C.
associations present in the area.

II presents in the stations. The the ostracode densities tions with Euconchoecia chierchiae show the highest densities. Table

near-shore

sta

204

LUIS

GONZALES

C. & EVERT

BREMAN

*- C*> -a < <?>v?> "-i i-H T3 ?-H^h ^

<?> I CM

co co 00 ^ lO

CM iOC> CO COCM T-i (.O co cn * *

cm

cm

HHrlrtlN ^<N(NOl^CO

I CM

< CM T3 < h^ T3 CMCM <*D O CM ^ CO rhi CO T3 o TH CO I?.O o m LO rH CO 1-1 i-i CM CO

-a <

o CM

-a < ^^OCOO? T3 < I ^ CO lO ^o LO

*-* I^ ri c> LO I COO?

-o <

i^. r^ co lo

-a <

.5 g 5 S 3 a in vi "I R ? ? S5, ?, : -^ s ? -^ ~? "3 ** ^ ? o ?: ^ 5

It

????????????????????O?

OSTRACODA

OF

BONAIRE

BASIN

205

<

< > 3 < O CM <

Oi T3 < > 3 LO T-H

LO <?>

00

WHH

I
I

I
CMCMCMCO

<

T3 <

< > 3

<

O oo

13 <

T3 <

?*> .g -S

.a

r O-c?

,^? R

R ? a s: -^ "^ -S -S $J ?J4?.

& SS s
?~S "K fc "J?, ^ O "Si, -Cl,*<o 1^ "S.^1 ^

S3 ? k? AJO

<o C

?O????O????OOO?????

206

LUIS

GONZALES

C. & EVERT

BREMAN

CM O CM O CO o CM O CM ? CM LO O O CO T-l ' o o

o CO i-H

d d co 0> oq d
T-t CN

d d

o co

<?> CM

d d
CMCM ' ^ d CO i-H

d d

CM '
d CO d d 0> d ' lOiX) CM

do

i-H T-H CM odd' d

T-l CO

^H

do

CO^H T-l ?O dodo

.** "S s a go

? S
?3 <i .R .R

? R -S ! i 111 ? ^ ?>.R .R ? 1 ? &> Q I "go *?.

s3 <w <*> 5 J5 a k2 ,

OSTRACODA

OF

BONAIRE

BASIN

207

TAXONOMIC The recent Ostracoda

REMARKS

AND

SPECIES DISTRIBUTION

the planktonic

ostracodes

Halocypriformes the Thaumatocyprididae and

several thousands of species among which comprise to the suborder form only a small group belonging is divided suborder into two families: 1920. This Skogsberg, M?ller, Dana, (genus Thaumatocypris M?ller, 1906) the genera Archiconchoecia M?ller, 1852 with 1969, Halocypris Dana, Conchoecia and, finally, 1906

the Halocyprididae 1894, Euconchoecia M?ller, Claus, with

1852, Halocypria 1849. Dana, In accordance

1890, Bathyconchoecia Deevey, 1974, Fellia Poulsen, 1969, Claus (1890,

Caporiacco (1949), Poulsen different genera. We prefer, in accordance with subgenera

& and Granata 1891), M?ller (1894), the genus Conchoecia in many (1969) subdivided to consider these genera as groups or however, Deevey (1978). 1894 isArchiconchoecia in station striata M?ller, 5, south of La Orchila. can be found at depths below

Archiconchoecia only species of this genus 1894, of which only 4 specimens More species of this deep-water The 200 meters.

M?ller,

in our material were genus found

probably

Euconchoecia The tions species Euconchoecia along the Venezuelan In the offshore

M?ller,

1890 1890 is very

present.

in the sta frequent it is practically the only species where mainland, is very rare. station this species chierchiae M?ller,

Halocypris

Dana,

1852

One brevirostris (Dana, species of this genus, Halocypris 1849) is represented to Martens in low numbers in the offshore stations. According this (1979) to under should be referred the name H. species inflata (Dana).

Conchoecia This genus is discussed Several in accordance

Dana, with

1849 the groups with of M?ller the new (1906), used

by Deevey

(1978). to Martens of Poulsen subgenera) (1973). According (1979) are not valid (Paraconchoecia, Spinoecia) genera (or subgenera) nuda (Metaconchoecia, Orthoconchoecia). Paraconchoecia is now used as a new generic name by Martens and P. spinifera, P.

of the groups

coincide

genera (here of these many or are nomina

gerdhartmanni as the type-species, in this genus. included

(1979) with P. and P. echinata are oblonga,

208
The

LUIS

GONZALES

G. & EVERT

BREMAN

? Five species of this group were found spinifera group (Paraconchoecia). one species, C. oblonga in the area of study. Only 1890), is rather fre (Claus, in several of the offshore in the eastern part of the stations, quent especially area. C. spinifera (Claus, 1890) only occurs in two stations (39 and 42) situated three remaining part of the study area. The species, C. echinata and C. aequiseta M?ller, C. inermis (Claus, M?ller, 1906, 1906, are very 1891), rare in the stations 3, 39, 42, and 131. in the central elegans group (Paraconchoecia). elegans Sars, 1865, which occurs rather The ? is C. only species of this group numerous in and is especially frequently The

Fig.

3. Conchoecia

rotundata M?ller, 1890. a, male adult; b, male of male second c, endopodite antenna;

frontal d, penis.

organ

and

first

antenna;

OSTRAGODA

OF

BONAIRE

BASIN

209
genus Discoconchoecia for

stations

5 and with

120. Martens C.

this group, The

(1979) proposed elegans as the type-species. ?

a new

procera

representative most frequent The

group (Paraconchoecia). of this group. It occurs in stations 3, 39, and

1894 is the only C. procera M?ller, in several stations in the whole area. It is and eastern parts).

75 (central

? of C. rotun few specimens rotundata group (Metaconchoecia). Relatively were found in some of the offshore C. skogsbergi lies, stations. 1890 data M?ller, 1953 was absent from our samples. The valves of C rotundata in our material curvature in the concave differ slightly from those figured by Deevey (1968): could not be in fig. 20e of Deevey of the female valve the ventral margin

frontal organ; 1890. e, female adult; rotundata M?ller, f, female Fig. 4. Conchoecia female adult; female second antenna; i, frontal organ of anomalous h, anomalous antenna of anomalous adult. female of second endopodite

g, endopodite female adult;

of j,

210
observed

LUIS

GONZALES

C.

& EVERT

BREMAN

are straight,

Deevey male specimen

of both male and female valves The dorsal margins in our specimens. to Deevey's in contrast The soft parts are as described figures. by mm. The only is 0.92-0.96 length of the female valves (1968). The has a length of 0.91 mm. One female and has a less pointed specimen rostrum of C. rotundata is compared to the

considerably (1.1 mm) bigger other specimens (figs. 3-4). The bispinosa group 1856), offshore
it also occurs

tica (Lubbock, occur in most

numerous,

? Three species of this group, C. atl?n (Orthoconchoecia). C. bispinosa Claus, 1890, and C. secernenda Vavr?, 1906, stations' with rather low numbers. C. atl?ntica is the most
in some near-shore stations. The two other species, C.

by Poulsen bispinosa and C. secernenda, are considered (1973) as varieties same species, but the considerable size-difference and the fact that both occur sidered The in the same as different area at the same depth, indicates that they must species.

of the species be con

curta group (Mikroconchoecia). ? This group or subgenus is represented The first species 1860 and C. echinulata (Claus, C. curta Lubbock, by 1891). occurs in station in the in several stations, but is only abundant 120, located than 30% of the total ostracode where it forms more "Bah?a de La Vela",
fauna. tion. C. echinulata is represented by only very few specimens at the same sta

? serrulata group (Pseudoconchoecia). C. conc?ntrica M?ller, 1906, the only of this group, occurs inmost of the offshore stations, but is never representative The
very numerous.

We prefer to divide this group into two subgroups: (1) to Poulsen's the magna group (s.s.) = subgenus classifica Conchoecia according 1874 and C. macrocheira M?ller, 1906 are tion. The two species C. magna Claus, rare. We of these species in stations 5 and 71. (2) found a few specimens very The parthenoda group = subgenus C. parthenoda Spinoecia of Poulsen (1973). 1906 was found in eight offshore stations. C. spinirostris Claus, 1874 is M?ller, The magna group. numerous in eight stations. C. porrecta Claus, 1890 is the most abun relatively station 120. In most dant species in all offshore stations west of stations, except it occurs with percentages the line Los Roques-Puerto of 50% or Cabello more. in the genus Martens includes C. porrecta and C. spinirostris (1979)
Porroecia.

The

imbricata group

imbricata (Brady, The

(Conchoecissd). were found. 1880)

Only

a few doubtful

specimens

of C.

daphnoides group (Conchoecilld). was found in station 5. 1890)

One

specimen

of C. daphnoides

(Claus,

OSTRACODA

OF

BONAIRE

BASIN

211

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The and Dr. much

samples.

authors

would

like to thank Dr.

Dom?nico obliged

Voltolina

to Efigenio

for her suggestions Georgiana Deevey are also text. We for the revision of the English who the ostracodes sorted from the plankton Gil,

RESUMEN
Se los registraron 200 metros La 26 especies superiores diversidad colectadas de la capa de el Hoyo de Bonaire y las regiones es a lo de especies de ostr?codos y baja largo de la costa de Venezuela es m?s de Bonaire, mientras del Hoyo alta en las estaciones que su densidad la especie Euconchoecia chierchiae. predomina en 22 estaciones planct?nicos ubidacas en de ostr?codos en las muestras

adyacentes. en la parte costeras,

central en donde

REFERENCES
Claus, -, Deevey, C, Zool. 1890. Die Inst. Univ. Gattungen Wien, und Arten der Mediterranen Oceans und Atlantischen Halocypriden. 26 pis. (Wien, 9: 1-34. Arb., des Atlantischen

1891. Die

Halocypriden

und Mittelmeeres:

1-81,

Alfred Holder).
sea off Bermuda. nat. Mus. ostracods of the Sargasso G. B., 1968. Pelagic Peabody Yale Univ., 1-125. 26: Hist., Bull., waters. of the Cariaco Trench and adjacent Proc. 1978. The ostracods biol. -, planktonic 52-73. Soc, Washington, 91(1): del Zooplankton L. (in press). Estudio de la zona central Gonz?lez C, y occidental preliminar de Venezuela", del Caribe Venezolano: In: "Carta 2 (Zonas Central y Occi Pesquera y Pter?podos Heter?podos Cuman?. venezolano. Bol. Oceanogr. UDO, marins recueillis L. & L. di Caporiacco, 1949. Ostracodes Granata, R?s. scient. Albert I Prince Prince Albert I de Monaco. Camp, Caribe dental). Gonz?lez C, (Fundaci?n L. & D. La Salle, Caracas). Princz (in press). de la zona central del

les croisi?res du pendant de Monaco, 109: 3-48. I (S?dost-Pazifik) der Expedition Marchile 1979. Die pelagischen Ostracoden Martens, J. M., Mitt. Hamb. zool. II: Systematik und Vorkommen Ostracoda: (Crustacea: Myodocopida). Mus. 76: 306-366. Inst., von Fauna 1894. Die Ostracoden Flora Golfes G. W., des Golfes M?ller, Neapel, Neapel. 21: 1-404, 40 pis. Monogr., Tiefsee Wissensch. Deutschen 1898-1899, "Valdivia", Exped. Ergeb. 1-54, 36 pis. Part III A. Halocypriformes, E. M., 1969. Ostracoda-Myodocopa, Poulsen, Thaumatocypri dae and Halocypridae. Dana 75: 1-99. Rep., and Conchoecinae. Dana 1973. Ostracoda-Myodocopa, Part III B. Halocypridae -, Rep., 84: 1-224. -, 1906. Ostracoda. 8:

Received

for publication

20 October

1980;

revised

draft

21 January

1981.