CHAPTER 21 ~IMMUNITY~

PREVIOUS LESSON
21.1 IMMUNE RESPONSE # Immunity # Classes of antibody # Humoral and cell mediated immune response

LECTURE 2
21.1 IMMUNE RESPONSE # Roles of lymphoid organs # Antigen-antibody interactions

OBJECTIVES
At the end of this topic, students should be able to: State the roles of lymphoid organs in immunity such as:1) Thymus 2) Spleen 3) Tonsil 4) Lymph nodes 5) Bone marrow State the various types of antigen and antibody interactions

ROLES OF LYMPHOID ORGANS

1) Thymus
Site where the lymphocyte cells mature. Secrete thymosine.

2) Spleen

Contains lymphocytes and macrophages. Functions to remove bacteria and worn-out red blood cells.

3) Lymph Nodes

Contain lymphocytes and macrophages.

4) Bone marrow Site of origin of all types of blood cells. White blood cells function in immunity.

5) Tonsil Areas of lymphoid tissue on either side of the throat.

ANTIGEN
Any foreign molecule that elicits an immune response by binding to receptors of B cells or T cells. Usually protein, glycoprotein or polysaccharide.

ANTIGEN
All cells posses antigen in their cell surface membranes: acts as markers enables cells to recognize each other Own antigen self Foreign antigen non-self

ANTIGEN
Epitope a small, accessible region of an antigen to which an antigen receptor or antibody binds an antigen may have several different epitopes each epitope is recognized by a different antibody

ANTIGEN
Different antibodies can recognize distinct epitopes on the same antigen. Antibodies can recognize free antigens as well as antigens on a pathogens surface.

TYPES OF ANTIGENANTIBODY INTERACTIONS

AGGLUTINATION PRECIPITATION

NEUTRALIZATION

ACTIVATION COMPLEMENT

1. AGGLUTINATION Clumps of bacteria being held together & easier for phagocytes to engulf.

2. NEUTRALIZATION
Antibodies bound to antigen on the surface of virus. Neutralize it by blocking its ablity to bind to a host cell.

3. PRECIPITATION Cross-linking of soluble antigen molecules & immobile precipitates are easily engulfed by phagocytes.

4. ACTIVATION COMPLEMENT Combine with complement proteins which produce lesions in membrane that result in cell lysis.

CONCLUSION
1)There are five lymphoid organs involved in immunity : thymus, spleen, tonsil, lymph nodes, and bone marrow. 2)There are four types of antigen-antibody interactions : agglutination, neutralization, precipitation, and activation complement.

NEXT LECTURE
21.1 DEVELOPMENT OF IMMUNITY # Primary and secondary immune response # Concept of self and non-self