Basics of G Code Visit our CNC Shop NC Programming FAQ for students, computer programmers, prospective CNC programmers,

liberal arts majors, systems administrators working with CNC applications, and managers. I am in much dismay at having got into so amazing a quagmire & botheration with these Numbers Augusta Ada Byron, later Countess of Lovelace, arguably the worlds first technical writer. 1. What is CNC, anyway? 2. What is a G-code? 3. Can I get a bit more on G-codes? 4. What is DNC? 5. What is/are Serial Communications? Dont bore me. 6. What is/are Serial Communications? I need details. 7. What is XModem? 8. How are CNC machines programmed? 9. What is APT? 10. What is a CL file? 11. What is a postprocessor? 12. What is Dumb APT? 13. Why am I confused by the letters I, J, and K? 14. What is an inverse-time feedrate? CNC stands for Computer Numerical Control and refers to the operation of a machine tool via motors, switches, and so on, with a computer controlling the whole shebang. The tool itself may be as small as a benchtop lathe or as large as the gantry mills used to machine airplane wing spars. If you really needed an answer to this question, then you probably wont be very interested in the rest of this. CNC programs are usually made up of word addresses. These start with a letter and are usually followed by a numeric value. A word is usually referred to by its letter, hence the word X3.5 (specifying an X axis position) would be called an X-word and the word F15.0 (specifying a feedrate) would be called an F-word (really!). G-words specify things called Preparatory Function Codes and have come to be called G-codes. (Do not refer to G-words in earshot of a CNC programmer. F-words are generally ok to use.) G-codes often trigger machine movement actually to be technically proper, they often trigger slide or axis movement. However, improperly used they sometimes cause machine movement.) Think of these as 26 counters labeled A through Z inside the CNC controller.

G0 is generally used to denote a rapid traverse. For example, the command G0 X5.0 Z3.5 would cause the tool to move to an X position on 5.0 and a Z position of 3.5 as quickly as possible. G1 is used to move the tool in a straight line at a feedrate you specify. This is a bit more complicated than it might first appear since moving from point A to point B at a specific rate often involves moving 3 machine axes at three different rates. G1 is usually called linear interpolation. The command G1 X4.5 Y3.0 Z-2.5 F20.0 would cause the tool to move to the specified XYZ position at a rate of 20 inches or millimeters per minute. G2 is where things can start to get more complicated. Its always used to make an arc, moving clockwise at a rate you specify. The G2 format youll see most creates an arc in the XY plane and specifies the arc center incrementally for example G2 X-0.26 Y1.14 I0.5 J0.0 means Starting from where the tool is now, move clockwise in an arc. The center of the arc has an X value 0.5 greater than the current position (from I0.5) and the same Y value as the current position (J0.0). Stop when you get to X-0.26 and Y1.14. Travel at whatever feedrate I last specified. Things get more complex if you need an arc thats not parallel to the XY plane. Some machines allow G2 commands in the YZ and ZX planes, in which case Z axis center references are handled by the K-word. Some machines will create a helix with a G2. Some will create a circle with one G2, others may be limited to less than 90 degrees. You can usually assume that a controllers G2 command makes a clockwise arc, but not that it will be specified as described above. Some controllers require absolute center coordinates rather than relative, and some require an arc radius rather than a center, and some use all of these methods in various combinations. The EIA standards specify incremental centers but early lobbying by some folks (the Postprocessor Writers Guild?) appears to have created a situation whereby there are actually several ways to define a circle center. G3 is like a G2, just think counterclockwise. G4 is like some folks weve all worked with. It does nothing for a specified time. It just dwells youll have to check your controller manual to see what follows the G4. Some use X, F, or P words in milliseconds, some allow an S word to specify spindle revolutions, and some allow nothing at all and default to about a half second. G5 thru G89 will be dealt with as time permits. For now, the important ones to look up somewhere else are G17, G18, and G19. These have a dramatic effect on G2 and G3. Also, G53 thru G59 can transform your whole program (pun intended) and those in the G80 range can make a hole lot of difference. G90 indicates that programmed values are to be treated as absolute, or actual coordinate values. If the programs issues a G1 X5.0 Z 2.0 , then the tool moves to that position. A

venerable German tool maker once told us how he remembers that G90 means absolute he said that the German word for absolute is obsolute and that the o looks like the 0 in G90. Actually, the German word for absolute starts with an a, so either he couldnt spell (possible) or we misunderstood (likely). Either way, its a good way to remember. G91 indicates that programmed values are to be treated as incremental, or relative coordinate values. If the programs issues a G1 X5.0 Z 2.0 , then the tool moves five units in the positive X direction and two in the positive Z direction. The same tool maker (see G90) said that the i in the German inkrement looked like the 1 in G91. As usual, theres more than one answer even for the abbreviation. Some say its Direct Numerical Control (the original wording) and some say Distributed Numerical Control. All definitions include computer to machine tool communication, or what could be termed tape elimination. Then they differ based on including or excluding some or all of the following capabilities: * * * * Drip feeding a controller Accepting data from a controller Storing and organizing libraries of CNC programs Operating as a network

Originally, DNC defined an ambitious approach that involved controlling multiple machine tools directly from a central computer. This was during the NC days prior to CNC and was really a kind of hybrid CNC/DNC approach. The central computer was connected directly to machine servos. Eventually, as more and more tape elimination systems were developed, DNC was adopted to describe them instead, especially since the central computer approach was not very successful. The short answer, which you probably dont really care to know, is that serial communications is a bit by bit data transfer method. In a computer, each character is made up of a group of bits, an abbreviation for binary digits. In most computers, each character contains 8 bits. When communicating via a serial link, a couple of additional bits are tacked on for various reasons. If a computer is transferring data to a CNC controller at a speed of 9600bps (bits per second) and each character requires 10 bits to transfer, then 960 characters per second can be sent down the wire. Seven bit character codes are also widely used, so the divide by 10 method is slightly pessimistic for these. This is different from parallel communications, where each bit in a character has its own data path and the whole character gets sent in one shot. On PCs, printer ports use parallel methods and comm ports use serial methods. The long answer, which you may well need to know, is complicated enough that we gave it its own page see the table of contents. Back to Top XModems are used to transfer X Files. (See serial communications)

CNC Controller Note the high-tech operator instructionsSeveral methods are used. The most basic method is to simply do the necessary geometric calculations with a calculator and write the program directly using G-codes, M-codes, and so on. The program is then keyed directly into the controller (usually called MDI, for Manual Data Input) or keyed into a computer and transferred to the controller via punched tape or some other medium. Some controllers can be programmed using a conversational method offered by the controller vendor. This may involve a more advanced language or hitting buttons with symbols on them. (Screaming at the control is not conversational programming). APT ProgramSpecialized languages such as APT and COMPACT II have been available since the sixties and continue to be used. These create a controller-neutral tool path, usually called a CL File (Cutter Location or Center Line take your choice), which is then converted to a CNC program acceptable to a given CNC control. A separate postprocessor is generally used for each CNC control or control family. Actually, COMPACT II uses different terminology but the concept is similar. APT will perform complex geometric calculations and has provided modern features like tool path associativity since its inception. CAD/CAM system showing 2 views of a partGraphically oriented CAD/CAM systems for design and NC programming became generally available in the late seventies. Like APT, they usually create a neutral file usually called a CL File although their CL File format is generally far different from traditional APT CL File formats. Parametric programs are used for family of parts programming and these can be written in any programming language. APT, Fortran, BASIC, C, whatever < Unbounded Enthusiasm Mode > It stands for Automatically Programmed Tool, its a programming language, and to some extent its an architecture. An Association of Computing Machinery document states that it is the oldest programming language of any kind still in use. (It resulted from a study done at the MIT Servomechanism Laboratory in 1952 under the sponsorship of the Air Materiel Command. A prototype ran on the Whirlwind computer in 1955. We believe that the first commercially available version was released by IBM in 1958 for the IBM 704 computer.) It has been listed in most dictionaries for decades. It offered tool path associativity, macros, transformations, pocketing, five axis tool control, complex surface definition and machining, complex tool shapes, and many other modern features before any CAD/CAM system (as defined today) even existed. The shelf life of an APT program far exceeds that of any other archival storage method. It defined an API back in the sixties. Its still hard to beat for point to point programming and production machining. A knowledge of APT capabilities and architecture helps you evaluate other CNC programming methods and some basics can be found under APT Language and APT Architecture. < / Unbounded Enthusiasm Mode >

APT methods did not adapt well to a graphics world and most people consider it obsolete, but APT remains a very powerful, and in some cases the best, tool for repetitive programming tasks. A CL file is a CNC program in a neutral format that is created by a CAD/CAM system, APT, or some other type of NC programming system. It is considered neutral because it is not formatted for any particular machine tool. There is no single standard CL file format, and there is no single standard even for CL file contents. Two common formats of ASCII CL files are shown here each describes the same tool path. A traditional APT CL file is discussed after the table. PARTNO ABIRD CUTTER/.0$$S14 GOTO/.0,.0,5.0$$S15 RAPID GOTO/-1.50,1.250,5.0$$S17 FEDRAT/15.0$$S18 GOTO/-1.50,1.250,-.20$$S19 GOTO/-1.251350,1.250,.0$$S20 MOVARC/CENTER,-.750,1.250,.0,AXIS,.0,.0,1.0,RADIUS,.50090$$S21 GOTO/-.256223,1.163192,.0 GOTO/-.488339,.107357,.0$$S22 MOVARC/CENTER,.0,.0,.0,AXIS,.0,.0,-1.0,RADIUS,.50$$S23 GOTO/.446479,-.225070,.0 GOTO/1.303521,1.475070,.0$$S24 MOVARC/CENTER,1.750,1.250,.0,AXIS,.0,.0,1.0,RADIUS,.50$$S25 GOTO/2.171831,.981562,.0 GOTO/.421831,-1.768438,.0$$S26 MOVARC/CENTER,.0,-1.50,.0,AXIS,.0,.0,-1.0,RADIUS,.50$$S27 GOTO/-.482340,-1.631711,.0 GOTO/-1.233209,1.118052,.0$$S28 GOTO/-1.50,1.250,-.20$$S29 RAPID GOTO/-1.50,1.250,.30$$S31 RAPID GOTO/.0,.0,5.0$$S33 END FINI PARTNO ABIRD CUTTER/ .0 LOADTL/ 1.0 SPINDL/ 2000.0,CLW COOLNT/ ON FROM/ .0,.0,5.0 RAPID GOTO/ -1.50,1.250,5.0 FEDRAT/ 15.0

GOTO/ -1.50,1.250,-.20 GOTO/ -1.25180,1.250,-.20 INDIRV/ .027273,.999628,.0 TLON,GOFWD/ (CIRCLE/ -.750,1.250,.0,.50090),ON,(LINE/ -.750,$ 1.250,.0,-.254332,1.171790,-.20) GOTO/ -.488339,.107357,-.20 INDIRV/ -.183921,-.982941,.0 TLON,GOFWD/ (CIRCLE/ .0,.0,.0,.50),ON,(LINE/ .0,.0,.0,.446479,$ -.225070,-.20) GOTO/ 1.303521,1.475070,-.20 INDIRV/ .477749,.878497,.0 TLON,GOFWD/ (CIRCLE/ 1.750,1.250,.0,.50),ON,(LINE/ 1.750,1.250,$ .0,2.171831,.981562,-.20) GOTO/ .421831,-1.768438,-.20 INDIRV/ -.562248,-.826969,.0 TLON,GOFWD/ (CIRCLE/ .0,-1.50,.0,.50),ON,(LINE/ .0,-1.50,.0,$ -.482340,-1.631711,-.20) GOTO/ -1.233209,1.118052,-.20 GOTO/ -1.50,1.250,-.20 COOLNT/ OFF RAPID GOTO/ -1.50,1.250,.30 SPINDL/ OFF RAPID GOTO/ .0,.0,5.0 END FINI CL File viewer showing contentsA traditional APT CL file is not human readable without translating from an internal integer and floating point format into numbers and letters. The data itself is similar, but an APT CL file contains more information, especially regarding circles. If the files above are used with a machine tool that does not support circular interpolation (that is, has no G2 or G3 command) then the postprocessor must generate the short linear moves made to form the arcs. With an APT CL file, this would not be necessary. For each arc, the APT CL file would contain a type 3000 record containing the coordinates of the center and the tool axis vector (angle), the radius, as well as the linear moves needed to make the arc if they are needed. For each actual move generated by a motion statement, a type 5000 record would be present containing all points necessary to complete the motion. For the statement reading GOTO/ -1.50, 1.250, 5.0 in the CL files above (which would probably result in G0X-1.5Y1.25) the type 5000 record would contain the following: 5 5000 5 bb 0 -1.5 1.25 5.0

broken down as: 5 = Record number 5000 = Record type 5 = Code for First or only record in this move bb = Geometry name used to create motion blank in this case 0 = Subscript applied to name, if any -1.5 = X 1.25 = Y 5.0 = Z A postprocessor is a program that reads a CL file and produces a CNC program for a specific machine tool. Some posts are custom written for a specific tool/controller combination and others are generated via systems provided by postprocessor vendors. There are also generic posts that support, for example, 3 axis machining centers with many specific features customized using tables. A postprocessor should be able to produce correct output for automatic tool changers, cycles, tool offsets, origins, circular and other interpolation, and other features specific to a tool/controller combination. The output from a postprocessor should be usable in the controller without further modification. Creating a postprocessor using specialized packages is a fairly simple task. Writing custom posts has always been somewhat of a black art practiced by folks with a bizarre love of terms like tool axis vector, linearization, zero-suppression, and modality. Back to Top This is a term often used to describe a CL file that actually consists of APT statements. Typically, they contain no geometry definitions, but consist mainly of postprocessor commands, linear moves ( GOTO/ X,Y,Z ) and possibly some arcs. Since theyre in APT format, they can be processed by APT (creating yet another CL file) or in may cases, directly by a postprocessor. Dumb APT programs are created by CAD/CAM systems (and even some APT processors), not by dumb APT programmers. They are called dumb simply because they describe the tool path directly and contain no part geometry. An APT program written by a human would almost always describe at least some of the part geometry. Back to Top

Possibly because they commonly apply to two different aspects of CNC programming. In a CNC program (the one with the G and M codes) I, J, and K are used to specify the center of an arc or circle and refer to positions on the X, Y, and Z axes as in G2 X3.0 Y4.5I0.5 J0.3125. In a CL file or in APT, they are used to position the tool axis vector as in GOTO/X,Y,Z,I,J,K .You can think of the tool axis vector as a tool centerline (think mill here, not lathe or punch press) that is exactly one unit long say, one inch. That makes it a unit vector. I, J, and K are used here to describe how the tool is tilted with respect to the Z axis. I, J, and K simply define the other end of the unit vector along X, Y, and Z. On a three axis machine, the tool doesnt tip, so the tool centerline stays parallel with Z therefore I, J, and K will always be 0, 0, 1 because (using the tool tip as a reference) you can find the other end of the vector by moving 0 in X, 0 in Y, and 1 in Z. If you are programming a five axis machine in a CAD/CAM system, position the tool at X=2, Y=3, and Z=4 and tip the tool five degrees around the Y axis youll probably see the CL file output as GOTO/ 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 0.0872, 0.0, 0.9962 . Here, we moved the top of the unit vector a bit in X and, of course the Z component got a bit smaller as a result. A postprocessor would read this and probably output G1 X2.0 Y3.0 Z4.0 A90.0 B5.0 not an I, J, or K in the whole block!. Enough already. The short answer is that you see I, J, and K in CNC programs as circle centers and in CL files and APT programs (and math texts) as unit vector components. Feedrate refers to the various was of specifying the rate at which the tool moves through the material. Its usually specified in a CNC program via an F-word, as in F30.0. For simple milling, the rate is usually expressed in millimeters or inches per minute. Although this is conceptually simple, it gets complicated if you think about it. For a machine tool to drive the cutter from one point in space to another at the rate you specify, each axis probably needs to move at a different speed. In a curve, the edge of the cutter will be feeding at a different rate than the center. A CNC program listing with inverse time feedrates. Click to view.Part of an old postprocessor source listing showing part of the inverse time routine. Great fun to write these! Click to see it.If you have a rotary axis on your machine, you may get to enjoy using the exciting inverse time feedrate method. Here, you need to know what units per minute feedrate you need and the distance the cutter will traverse in the move youre working on. (This can get complicated for rotary moves and programmers often ignore that detail usually ok to do). Once you have the distance, multiply it by 60 and divide it into the desired UPM feedrate. Put that number in the F-word. Do this for each move involving linear and rotary motion. Now you know why almost all multi-axis (more than 3) programs are written using APT or a CAD/CAM system, and you have an interesting question to ask your postprocessor vendor How does it handle inverse time feedrates?

APT and many CAD/CAM systems create a FEDRAT/ statement in the CL file (e.g. FEDRAT/30.0,IPM ) which is usually translated by the postprocessor to an F-word. S U P P O R T E D G A N D M C O D E S

This command summary serves as a guide for both new and experienced EIA-274D (G Codes) users. The following table lists the supported G and M codes for VisualCNC controller interface. Parameters within brackets ([ ]) are optional, the fields represented by d.d may be any decimal number and fields represented by d may be any positive integer number. G00 [Xd.d] [Yd.d] [Zd.d] G01 [Xd.d] [Yd.d] [Zd.d] [Fd.d] G02 [Xd.d] [Yd.d] [Zd.d] [Id.d] [Jd.d] [Kd.d] [Fd.d] G03 [Xd.d] [Yd.d] [Zd.d] [Id.d] [Jd.d] [Kd.d] [Fd.d] G04 Pd.d G17 G18 G19 G30 G31 G32 G37 G40 G41 G42 G43 Hd G49 G54 G55 G56 G57 G58 G59 G62 G70 G71 G80 High speed move (slew or rapid), modal Linear move (feed or machine), modal CW 2D circular move, modal CCW 2D circular move, modal Dwell (seconds) Specify XY plane for helical & circular Specify XZ plane for helical & circular Specify YZ plane for helical & circular Cancel Mirror Image X Mirror Y Mirror Find home Cancel cutter compensation Cutter compensation left Cutter compensation right Sets tool length offset Cancel tool length offset Work Coordinate (Home or Fixture Offset) #1 Work Coordinate (Home or Fixture Offset) #2 Work Coordinate (Home or Fixture Offset) #3 Work Coordinate (Home or Fixture Offset) #4 Work Coordinate (Home or Fixture Offset) #5 Work Coordinate (Home or Fixture Offset) #6 Clear soft home Enter Inch Mode Enter Metric Mode Cancel Drilling Cycle

G81 Rd.d Zd.d [Fd.d] G82 Rd.d Zd.d Pd [Fd.d] G83 Rd.d Zd.d Qd.d [Fd.d] G85 Rd.d Zd.d [Fd.d] G89 Rd.d Zd.d Pd [Fd.d] G90 G91 G92 [Xd.d] [Yd.d] [Zd.d] Sd M00 M01 M02 or M30 M03 M05 M06 M08 M09

Drill Cycle Counter Bore Cycle Peck drill Boring Cycle Boring with pause Absolute coordinate mode Incremental coordinate mode Set soft home Set spindle speed (rpm) Program pause Optional pause Program end Spindle on Spindle off Tool Change (example: T02 M06) Mist Coolant Device On Mist Coolant Device Off

The following table lists the letters used to denote various arguments. ( ) Comments or Tool change operator message ex: (Text to be displayed) Q Peck drill delta (used in G83) F Feed rate (used in G00, G01, G02, G03, G81, G82, G83, G85, G89) Units per Minute P Dwell (used in G04) I Circular interpolation value in X dimension (used in G02, G03) J - Circular interpolation value in Y dimension (used in G02, G03) K Circular interpolation value in Z dimension (used in G02, G03) M Miscellaneous function (control function) N Sequence number R Beginning Z motion dimension (used in G81, G82, G83, G85, G89)

S Spindle rpm T Tool change (used in G00) X X motion dimension Y Y motion dimension Z Z motion dimension S A M P L E 1 ( S T A N D A R D )

F I L E

The following is a 10 square. Rapid level .5 inches above material, feed down 45 ipm, cut feed 150 ipm, rapid down to .1 above material, depth .25 inches. Surface or Z=0 is set at the surface of the material to be cut. This is for a single head system with no tool change. G90 G00 S18000 M03 G00 X0. Y0. G00 Z0.1 G01 Z-0.25 F45 M08 Absolute Coordinate Mode Spindle Speed Set to 18,000 RPMs Position X=0.0 and Y=0.0 Position the Z axis 0.1 inches above Z=0.0 or above the Material. Position the Z axis 0.25 inches below Z=0.0 or into the Material at the feed rate of 45 inches/minute). The Auxiliary output for the selected tool is turned on. (This output can be wired to operate a tool misting or cooling unit.)

G01 X10. F150 G01 Y10. G01 X0. G01 Y0. G00 Z0.5 M09

Position the X=10.0 inches at the feed rate of 150 inches/minute Position the Y=10.0 inches (feed rate will continue at last set speed) Position the X=0.0 inches Position the Y=0.0 inches Position the Z axis 0.5 inches above Z=0.0 or above the Material. The Auxiliary output for the selected tool is turned off. (This output can be wired to operate a tool misting or cooling unit.) Position X=0.0 and Y=0.0 End of Program Spindle is turned off.

G00 X0. Y0. M02

F I L E

S A M P L E ( A U T O M A T I C

T O O L

C H A N G E )

The following is a 10 square. Rapid level .5 inches above material, feed down 45 ipm, cut feed 150 ipm, rapid down to .1 above material, depth .25 inches. Surface or Z=0 is set at the surface of the material to be cut. Additionally it calls a second tool to perform another cut of the same size elsewhere on the raw material. This is for a single head system with auto tool change. G90 G00 S18000 M03 G00 T1 M06 (E-MILL .250 2FLUTE) G00 X0. Y0. G00 Z0.1 G01 Z-0.25 F45 M08 Absolute Coordinate Mode Spindle Speed Set to 18,000 RPMs Tool 1 call. Following moves will use tool one.E-MILL .250 2FLUTE will displayed on the keypad. Position X=0.0 and Y=0.0 Position the Z axis 0.1 inches above Z=0.0 or above the Material. Position the Z axis 0.25 inches below Z=0.0 or into the Material at the feed rate of 45 inches/minute). The Auxiliary output for the selected tool is turned on. (This output can be wired to operate a tool misting or cooling unit.)

G01 X10. F150 G01 Y10. G01 X0. G01 Y0. G00 Z0.5 M09

Position the X=10.0 inches at the feed rate of 150 inches/minute Position the Y=10.0 inches (feed rate will continue at last set speed) Position the X=0.0 inches Position the Y=0.0 inches Position the Z axis 0.5 inches above Z=0.0 or above the Material. The Auxiliary output for the selected tool is turned off. (This output can be wired to operate a tool misting or cooling unit.) Tool 2 call. Following moves will use tool one.E-MILL .125 3FLUTE will displayed on the keypad. Position X=12.0 and Y=0.0 Position the Z axis 0.1 inches above Z=0.0 or above the Material. Position the Z axis 0.25 inches below Z=0.0 or into the Material at the feed rate of 45 inches/minute). The Auxiliary output for the selected tool is turned on. (This output can be wired to operate a tool misting or cooling unit.)

G00 T2 M06 (E-MILL .125 3FLUTE) G00 X12. Y0. G00 Z0.1 G01 Z-0.25 F45 M08

G01 X22. F150

Position the X=22.0 inches at the feed rate of 150 inches/minute

G01 Y10. G01 X12. G01 Y0. G00 Z0.5 M09

Position the Y=10.0 inches (feed rate will continue at last set speed) Position the X=12.0 inches Position the Y=0.0 inches Position the Z axis 0.5 inches above Z=0.0 or above the Material. The Auxiliary output for the selected tool is turned off. (This output can be wired to operate a tool misting or cooling unit.) Optional command to put current away tool Position X=0.0 and Y=0.0 End of Program Spindle is turned off.

G00 T0 M06 G00 X0. Y0. M02

Cutter Compensation G40\G41\G42 Note that all G41\G42 contours MUST start with a lead in and end with a lead out. G90 G70 S18000 G00 T1 M06 (.250 End Mill) G00 Z-0.5 G00 X0. Y-0.25 Z.1 G41 D01 Y0 G01 Z-.250 F30 M08 Y10 F200 X10 Y0 X0 G40 G0 Z.5 M09 X -.2 M02 / G 8 3 Feed Z to -.25 at 30ipm and turn on tool mist Feed to Y=10 at 200 ipm Feed move Feed move Feed move Turn tool compensation off Rapid Z=.5 and turn mist off Exit tool compensation move End of file G 8 1 D R I L L I N G , P E C K D R I L L I N G Absolute coordinate system, Inch Mode Set spindle speed to 18000 RPM Select Tool #1 and display .250 End Mill Rapid move to safe rapid level Rapid move Compensation entry move Turn on left tool compensation for table entry #1

G90 G70 S12000 G00 X0Y0

absolute coordinate system, inch mode set spindle speed to 12000 RPM Rapid move

G00 Z.1 M08 G81 Z-.2 F50 X1Y1 X2 X3 G80 G00 Z1. X0Y2 G83 R.1 Z-.5 Q.1 F30 X1 X2 X3 M09 G80 G00 Z-0.5 G00 X0. Y0. M02 MISCELLANEOUS

rapid Z move (note Z positive is UP), turn misting unit on Drill cycle next coordinates to Z=-.2 at 50 ipm Drill Drill Drill Drill cycle off Rapid Move Rapid Move Peck drill cycle next coordinates to Z=-.5 at .1 lift, .1 peck, 30 ipm Peck drill Peck Drill Peck Drill Mist Unit Off Cancel Drill Cycle Rapid Z move rapid XY move End of Job

Line numbers are optional, they have no effect on program execution. Decimal points for whole numbers are optional, they are only necessary for fractional numbers Drilling with an electric/pneumatic feed drill is accomplished by calling Tool 3140 (T31 M06) with standard G00 rapid moves immediately after the tool call to position the drill. At the end of the rapid move the drill will be fed into the material. The next rapid will produce the same results. To stop drilling call another tool (T01 M06) Peck drilling and standard drilling cycles (G80,81,83) are not supported on electric/pneumatic feed drills. Depending on features purchased with any particular machine, all or a portion of the G&M codes are supported.