UMUC 2007 ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code ae ry eee Tg V NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committee Subcommittee on Nondestructive Examination BUS ao Bevis TOE aT UT Serniwe THE STANDARDDate of tsuance: July 1, 2007 (Uncdes all Addenda dated Sly 2006 and ealer) ‘This intemasoal code or standard was developed under procedures accreted 3s meting the criteria for American National Standards and it san American National Stand. The Standards Commitee that approved the code or standard was balincod to ase that sdviduale fom competent aod concemed itrests ve ad ab opporunity to pais, Te proposed ose ‘or sttndard was made available fr public yeview and comment that provides an apporuiy for atonal ple int fom Industry. acidemia, epulatry agencies, and the public alarge. [ASME does not “approve “rate or “endorse any item, construction propitary device o activity ‘ASME does nt take any posion with respect the validity’ of any patent rights assered in connection with ny tems ‘mentioned in this document, and doesnot underake wo nse anyone uilizig 2 andar pans abit for iaringement of 'nyappieable eters ite, nor assme any sch ibility. User of a code or stand ae expressly advised that determination fof the validity of any such patent rights. and the sk of infringement of such fghs. is ently their own responsibly Pantcpation by federal agency representatives) or person(s alate with indus snot oe interpreted as government oe industry endorsement ofthis code o standard ASME aceps responsi for only those interpretations of his document sued in asordance with he etblished ASME, procedures ad policies. which prctoes the issuance of interpretations by individuals “The foots in his document are par ofthis American National Standard @ Wo WH) w3 NB} (7) The above ASME symbols ate registered i he US. Patent Office ™ Os} Bes Bae) aS B82 BE} “ASME is the trademark of the American Society of Mechanical Engineer ‘The Specifications published and copyrghed by the American Sccity foe Testing and Materials "ae reproduced with the Societys persion, [No par ofthis document maybe reproduced in any form, nan eletonc retrieval system ot otherwise, without the por writen permission ofthe pbs Libary of Congress Catalog Card Number: 56:3934, Pred inthe United Sates of America Adopted by the Council ofthe American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1914 Revised 1940, 1041, 1943, 1946, 199, 1982, 1983, 1986. 1950, 1962, 1965, 1968, 1971, 1974, 1977, 1980, 1983, 1986 198, 199, 1995, 1998, 2001, 2008, 2007 ‘The American Society of Mechanical Enginers ‘Thre Pak Avenue, New York, NY 10DI6-5990 Copyright © 2007 by ‘THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS. AIL RightsReserved2007 ASME BOILER AND PRESSURE VESSEL CODE SECTIONS 1 Rules for Construction of Power Boilers Materials Part A — Ferrous Material Specifications Part B — Nonferrous Material Specifications Part C— Specifications for Welding Rods, Electrodes, and Filler Metals Part D — Properties (Customary) Part D — Properties (Metric) III Rules for Construction of Nuclear Facility Components Subsection NCA — General Requirements for Division | and Division 2 Division 1 Subsection NB — Class 1 Components Subsection NC — Class 2 Components Subsection ND — Class 3 Components Subsection NE — Class MC Components, Subsection NF — Supports Subsection NG — Core Support Structures Subsection NH — Class 1 Components in Elevated Temperature Service Appendices Division 2 — Code for Concrete Containments Division 3 — Containments for Transportation and Storage of Spent Nuclear Fuel ‘and High Level Radioactive Material and Waste IV. Rules for Construction of Heating Boilers V__ Nondestructive Examination VI Recommended Rules for the Care and Operation of Heating Boilers VII Recommended Guidelines for the Care of Power Boilers VIIL Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels Division 1 Division 2 — Alternative Rules Division 3 — Alternative Rules for Construction of High Pressure Vessels IX Welding and Brazing Qualifications X _ Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Pressure Vessels, XI Rules for Inservice Inspection of Nuclear Power Plant Components XIT_ Rules for Construction and Continued Service of Transport TanksADDENDA Colored-sheet Addenda, which include additions and revisions to individual Sections of the Code, are published annually and will be sent automatically to purchasers of the applicable Sections up to the publication of the 2010 Code, The 2007 Code is available only in the loose-leat format: acvordingly. the Addenda will be issued in the loose-leaf, replacement-page format. INTERPRETATIONS ASME issues written replies to inquities concerning interpretation of technical aspects of the Code. The Inter- pretations for each individual Section will be published separately and will be included as part of the update service to that Section. Interpretations of Section Ill, Divisions 1 and 2, will be included with the update service to Subsec- tion NCA, Interpretations of the Code are distributed annually in July with the issuance of the edition and subse- quent addenda, Interpretations posted in January at www-estools.asme-org/interpretations are included in the July distribution CODE CASES ‘The Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committee meets regu: larly to consider proposed additions and revisions to the Code and to formulate Cases to clarify the intent of existing requirements or provide, when the need is urgent, rules ‘for materials or constructions not covered by existing Code rales. Those Cases that have been adopted will appear in the appropriate 2007 Code Cases book: “Boilers and Pressure Vessels” and “Nuclear Components.” Supple- ‘ments will be sent automatically to the purchasers of the Code Cases books up to the publication of the 2010 Code.CONTENTS Foreword Statements of Policy Personnel ASTM Personnel ‘Summary of Changes List of Changes in BC Order SUBSECTION A NONDESTRUCTIVE METHODS OF EXAMINATION Article 1 General Requirements. T-10 Scope T-120 General T130 Equipment T150 Procedure, T-160 Calibration T170 Examinations and Inspections. T.180 Evaluation T-190 Records/Documentation Mandatory Appendix I Glossary of Terms for Nondestructive Examination Nonmandatory Appendix A Imperfection vs Type of NDE Method. Article 2 Radiographic Examination. 7210 Scope 7220 General Requirements 7.230 Equipment and Materials. Calibration Examination Evaluation Documentation Location Marker Sketches Hole-Type 1Q1 Designation, Thickness, and Hole Diameters Wire 1QI Designation, Wire Diameter, and Wire Identity IQI Selection Equivalent Hole-Type IQ] Sensitivity Mandatory Appendices 1 In-Motion Radiography Ia 15 B Is" Real-Time Radioscopie Examination m1 Digital Image Acquisition, Display, and Storage for Radiography and Radioscopy v Interpretation, Evaluation, and Disposition of Radiographic and Radioscopic Examination Test Results Produced by the Digital Image Acquisition and Display Process. v Glossary of Terms for Radiographic Examination vi Digital Image Acquisition, Display, Interpretation, and Storage of Radiographs for Nuclear Applications vit Radiographic Examination of Metallic Castings vill Radiography Using Phosphor Imaging Plate Nonmandatory Appendices A Recommended Radiographic Technique Sketches for Pipe or Tube Welds. c Hole-Type IQI Placement Sketches for Welds. D Number of IQIs (Special Cases) Article 4 Ultrasonic Examination Methods for Welds, T-410 Scope T4200 General. 1430 Equipment T440 Miscellaneous Requirements. T-450 Techniques 1-460 Calibration T.470 Examination T4809 Evaluation 7-490 Documentation Figures T4M4.17.2 Ratio Limits for Curved Surfaces 1434.21 Non-Piping Calibration Blocks. T4343 Calibration Block for Pipe. TMA Calibration Block for Technique One -434.4.2.1 Alternate Calibration Block for Technique One. T4422 Alternate Calibration Block for Technique One TAMAS Alternate Calibration Block for Technique Two Table T421 Requirements of an Ultrasonic Examination Procedure Mandatory Appendices 1 Screen Height Linearity " Amplitude Control Linearity m ‘Time of Flight Diffractiion (TOFD) Technique v Phased Array, Single Fixed Angle With Manual Raster Scanning Nonmandatory Appendices Layout of Vessel Reference Points General Techniques for Angle Beam Calibrations. General Techniques for Straight Beam Calibrations Examples of Recording Angle Beam Examination Data one 20 2 2B 28 28 31 4 41 4 41 41 46 46 48 50 32 32 4B 45 46 47 47 48 2 33 33 33 58 9 59 65E G I J K L Mandatory Appendices 1 1 ut Vv Article 6 610 7-620 1-630 T-640 1-650 "1-660 T6570 7-680 7-690 Tables 7.621 T6r Mandatory Appendices 1 0 m ‘Computerized Imaging Techniques Alternate Calibration Block Configuration Examination of Welds Using Angle Beam Search Units ‘Alternative Basic Calibration Block Recording Straight Beam Examination Data for Planar Reflectors ‘TOFD Sizing Demonstration/Dual Probe — Computer Imaging Technique General Techniques for Angle Beam Longitudinal Wave Calibrations Time of Flight Diffraction (TOFD) Interpretation Ultrasonic Examination Methods for Materials Scope General Equipment Calibration. Examination Evaluation Document Straight Beam Calibration Blocks for Bolting Variables of an Ultrasonic Examination Procedure Ultrasonic Examination of Pumps and Valves Inservice Examination of Nozzle Inside Comer Radius and Inner Corner Regions Glossary of Terms for Ultrasonic Examination Inservice Examination of Bolts Liquid Penetrant Examination Scope General Equipment Miscellaneous Requirements, Technique Calibration Examination Evaluation Documentation. Requirements of a Liguid Penetrant Examination Procedure Minimum Dwell Times Glossary of Terms for Liquid Penetrant Examination, Control of Contaminants for Liquid Penetrant Examination Qualification Techniques for Examinations at Nonstandard “Temperatures 68 - 6 n ” ny 82 Py tos tos 104 oa os 107 los, 108 106 los 10 ho ut nz na 14 hd M4 na us 116 116 17 us us 116 119 19 120Article 7 Magnetic Particle Examination. T7110 Scope T7209 General TR Equipment 1740 Miscellaneous Requirements 1-750 Technique 7-760 Calibration. 170 Examination 1.780) Evaluation 7-790 Documentation Figures 1-754.2.1 Single-Pass and Two-Pass Central Conductor Technique 7.75422 ‘The Effective Region of Examination When Using an Offset Central Conductor T-764.1.1 ie-Shaped Magnetic Particle Field Indicator. T-764.1.211 Antficial Flaw Shims .. T-164.1.2.2 Antficial Flaw Shims 1-766.1 Ketos (Betz) Test Ring. ‘Table rm Requirements of a Magnetic Particle Examination Procedure Mandatory Appendices I Magnetic Particle Examination Using the AC Yoke Technique on Ferrtic Materials Coated With Nonmagnetic Coatings " Glossary of Terms for Magnetic Particle Examination. mM ‘Magnetic Particle Examination Using the Yoke Technique With Fluorescent Particles in an Undarkened Area Nonmandatory Appendix A Measurement of Tangential Field Strength With Gaussmeters, Article 8 Eddy Current Examination of Tubular Products T810 Scope Mandatory Appendices I Glossary of Terms for Eddy Current Examination " Eddy Current Examination of Nonferromagnetic Heat Exchanger Tubing m1 Eddy Current Examination on Coated Ferritic Materials v External Coil Eddy Current Examination of Tubular Products, Vv Eddy Current Measurement of Nonconductive-Nonmagnetic Coating Thickness on a Nonmagnetic Metallic Material vl Eddy Current Detection and Measurement of Depth of Surface Discontinuities in Nonmagnetic Metals With Surface Probes, Article 9 ‘sual Examination, T910 Scope T9270 General. 7930 Equipment 7-950 ‘Technique 1-980) Evaluation 125 125 126 127 128 130 123 132 Ba 135 138 138 139 139 14s 147 \49 131 184 54 154 135 155 1557.990 ‘Table T92 Mandatory Appendix I Article 10 1.1000 T1010 F-1020 7-1030 T1040 7.1050 7.1060 ‘T1070 T-1080 T-1090 Mandatory Appendices I 0 m1 v v vl vil vil Pd x Documentation Requirements of a Visual Examination Procedure... Glossary of Terms for Visual Examination Leak Testing Introduction Scope General Equipment : Miscellaneous Requirements. Procedure. Documentation Bubble Test — Direct Pressure Technique Bubble Test — Vacuum Box Technique Halogen Diode Detector Probe Test Helium Mass Spectrometer Test — Detector Probe Technique Helium Mass Spectrometer Test — Tracer Probe Technique Pressure Change Test Glossary of Terms for Leak Testing ‘Thermal Conductivity Detector Probe Test Helium Mass Spectrometer Test — Hood Technique. Ultrasonic Leak Detector Test Nonmandatory Appendix A Article 11 TAN0 T1120 T1130 T1140 T1160 T1180 T1190 Figures T-1142(€X(1)@) T-1142(€\(1)0b) TALZEKINE) TAH2E\2Ka) T142(e)2Kb) ‘Supplementary Leak Testing Formula Symbols Acoustic Emission Examination of Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Vessels Scope General Equipment and Supplies Application Requirements Calibration, Evaluation Documentation Atmospheric Vessels Stressing Sequence Vacuum Vessels Stressing Sequence ‘Test Algorithm — Flowchart for Atmospheric Vessels Pressure Vessel Stressing Sequence Algorithm — Flowchart for Pressure Vessels. 155 156 137 137 157 137 137 158 158 138, 159 159 159 160 lol 163 16s 168 170 7 m 175 m7 181 Ist 181 182 183 184 84 isa Iss 186 187 188 189‘Tables Tur Requirements for Reduced Operating Level Immediately Prior to Examination : THB Evaluation Criteria Mandatory Appen 1 Instrumentation Performance Requirements if Instrument Calibration u Glossary of Terms for Acoustic Emission Examination of Fiber- Reinforced Plastic Vessels Nonmandatory Appendix A ‘Sensor Placement Guidelines Article 12 Acoustic Emission Examination of Metallic Vessels During Pressure Testing T1210 Scope T1220 General 1.1230 Equipment and Supplies. T1240 Application Requirements 7.1260 Calibration T1280 Evaluation T-1290 Documentation Figure 1124432 ‘An Example of Pressure Vessel Test Stressing Sequence Table T1281 ‘An Example of Evaluation Criteria for Zone Location. Mandatory Appendices It Instrumentation Performance Requirements 0 Instrument Calibration and Cross-Referencing m Glossary of Terms for Acoustic Emission Examination of Metal Pressure Vessels Nonmandatory Appendices A Sensor Placement Guidelines B Supplemental Information for Conducting Acoustic Emission Examinations Article 13 Continuous Acoustic Emission Monitoring. . T-1310 Scope 17-1320 General T1330 Equipment T1340 Requirements ... T1350 Procedure Requirements, T1360 Calibration T1370 Examination T1380 Evaluation/ Results 7-1390 Reports/Records Ist 190 91 192 94 195 201 201 201 202 202 203 203 204 204 205 206 207 207 215 215 215 216 219 220 220 21 22Figures T1331 1.13322 Mandatory Appendices 1 " m Vv v vi vil Article Ts10 T1420 T1430 T1440 T1450 T1460 11470 T-1480 T1490 Tables T1472. 4 1 T4722 Mandatory Appendix 1 1 Article T-AsI0 T1520 7.1530 T1540 T1560 T1570 T1580 17-1590 Figure T1s33 Table TAs: Article 7.1610 T1620 T-1630 T1640 1s Functional Flow Diagram — Continuous AE Monitoring System. Response of a Waveguide AE Sensor Inductively Tuned to 500 kHz ‘Nuclear Components, 'Non-Nuclear Metal Components Nonmetallic Components Limited Zone Monitoring Hostile Environment Applications. Leak Detection Applications. Glossary of Terms for Acoustic Emission Examination. Examination System Qualification Scope General Requirements. Equipment Application Requirements Conduct of Qualification Demonstration Calibrat Examination Evaluation Documentation and Records Total Number of Samples for a Given Number of Misses at a ‘Specified Confidence Level and POD Required Number of First Stage Examiners vs. Target Pass Rate Glossary of Terms for Examination System Qualification UT Performance Demonstration Criteria Alternating Current Field Measurement Technique (ACFMT) Scope General Equipment Miscellaneous Requirements, Calibration Examination Evaluation Documentation ACEMT Calibration Block Requirements of an ACFMT Examination Procedure. ‘Magnetic Flux Leakage (MFL) Examination Scope General Equipment Requirements 228 229 230 22 24 234 234 235 25 27 238 238. 240 247 246 249 249 249, 251 251T-1650 T-1660 1.1670 T1680 Figures T-1622.1.1 T-1622.1.2 ‘Table T1623 Article 17 TIN10 T1720 1.1730 7.1750 T1760 T1709 1.1780 T-1790 Figures 7.1762 T-1763.11@) 7-1763.14b) T-17632 Table ri SUBSECTION B Article 22 SE.94 (ASTM E 94-04), SE-747 (ASTM E 747-97) SE-999 (ASTM E 999.05) SE-1025 (ASTM E 1025-05) SE-1030 (ASTM E 1030-00) SEMIS (ASTM E 1114-03) SE-1165 (ASTM E 1165-04) Calibration Examination Evaluation Documentation Reference Plate Dimensions Reference Pipe or Tube Dimensions, Requirements of an MFL. Examination Procedure. . ‘Remote Field Testing (RFT) Examination Method Scope General Equipment Technique .. Calibration Examination Evaluation Documentation Pit Reference Tube (Typical) Voltage Plane Display of Differential Channel Response for Through ‘Wall Hole (Through Hole Signal) and 20% Groove Showing Proferred Angular Relationship Voltage Plane Display of Differential Charinel Response for the Tube Support Plate (TSP), 20% Groove, and Through Wall Hole (Through Hole Signal) Reference Curve and the Absolute Channel Signal Respomse From “Two Circumferential Grooves and a Tube Support Plate Requirements of an RFT Examination Procedure Documents Adopted by Section V Radiographic Standards ‘Standard Guide for Radiographic Examination Standard Practice for Design, Manufacture, and Material Grouping Classification of Wire Image Quality Indicators (IQ) Used for Radiology Standard Guide for Conteolling the Quality of Industrial Radiographic Film Processing Standard Practice for Design, Manufacture, and Material Grouping Classification of Hol-Type Image Quality Indicators (IQU) Used for Radiology Standard Test Method for Radiographic Examination of Metallic Castings. = Standard Test Method for Determining the Focal Size of Iridium. 192 Industrial Radiographic Sources Standard Test Method for Measurement of Focal Spots of Industrial X-Ray Tubes by Pinhole Imaging 251 251 251 251 250 250 255 255 255 253 259 259 23 289 204 301 38 318SE-1255 IASTM E 1255-96 (R2002)], E1416 (ASTM E 1416-04) SE-1647 (ASTM E 1647-03) Article 23 SA-388/SA-388M (ASTM A 38/4 388M.04) SA-435/SA-439M IASTM A 43/0 435M-00 (R2001)] SA-STT/SA-ST7M [ASTM A S7T/A 577M-90 (R2001)] SA-STSISA-S78M [ASTM A S78/A, 578M-96 (R2001)] SA-609/8A-609M [ASTM A 609/A 609M-91 (R2002)} SA-TASISA-TASM [ASTM A 745/4 745M-94 (R2003)] SB-548 (ASTM B 548-03) SE-114 IASTM E 114-95 ¢R2005)] SE-213 (ASTM E 213-04) SE273 (ASTM E 273-01) SE-197 [ASTM E 797-95 (R2001)] Article 24 SD-129 (ASTM D 129-00) SD-516 (ASTM D 516-02) SD-808 (ASTM D 808-00) SD-1552 (ASTM D 1552-03) SE-165 (ASTM E 165-02) Standard Practice for Radioscopy ‘Standard Test Method for Radioscopic Examination of Weldments Standard Practice For Determining Contrast Sensitivity in Radiolog Ultrasonic Standards Specification for Uhrasonic Examination of Heavy Stee! Forgings Standard Specification for Straight-Beam Ultrasonic Examination of ‘Steel Plates: ‘Standard Specification for Ultrasonic Angle-Beam Examination of Stcel Plates Standard Specification for Straight-Beam Ultrasonic Examination of Plain and Clad Steel Plates for Special Applications tandard Practice for Castings, Carbon, Low-Alloy, and Martensitic ‘Stainless Steel, Ultrasonic Examination Thereof Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Austenitic Steel Forgings Standard Test Method for Ultrasonic Inspection of Aluminum-Alloy Plate for Pressure Vessels ‘Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Straight-Beam Examination by the Contact Method Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Metal Pipe and Tubing Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of the Weld Zone of Welded Pipe and Tubing ‘Standard Practice for Measuring Thickness by Manual Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Contact Method Liquid Penetrant Standards ‘Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (General Bomb Method) ‘Standard Test Method for Sulfate fon in Water Standard Test Method for Chlorine in New and Used Petroleum Products (Bomb Method) ‘Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (High- ‘Temperature Method), ‘Standard Test Method for Liguid Penetrant Examination 325 3a 346 351 359 362 365 37 381 387 392 307 409 44 a2 426 431 436 444Article 25 Magnetic Particle Standards SD-1186 Standard TTest Methods for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry (ASTM D 1186-01) Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to a Ferrous Base SE-709 ‘Standard Guide for Magnetic Particle Examination (ASTM E 709.01) Article 26 Eddy Current Standards SE-243 ‘Standard Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Examination of IASTM E 243.97 ‘Copper and Copper-Alloy Tubes. (R2004)] SE-2096 Standard Practice for In Sita Examination of Ferromagnetic Heat- (ASTM E 2096.00) Exchanger Tubes Using Remote Field Testing Article 29 Acoustic Emission Standards SE-650 ‘Standard Guide for Mounting Piezoelectric Acoustic Emission (ASTM E 650-97) Sensors SE-976 Standard Guide for Determining the Reproducibility of Acoustic (ASTM E 976-00) Emission Sensor Response SE-I211 Standard Practice for Leak Detection and Location Using Surface- (ASTM E 1211-02) Mounted Acoustic Emission Sensors SE-1419 ‘Standard Test Method for Examination of Seamless, Gas-Filled (ASTM E 1419-02) Pressure Vessels Using Acoustic Emission. Article 30 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations Standard SE-1316 Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations. (ASTM E 1316-023) Article 31 Alternating Current Field Measurement Standards SE-2261 Standard Practice for Examination of Welds Using the Alternating (ASTM E 2261-03) Current Field Measurement Technique MANDATORY APPENDICES Appendix 1 ‘Submittal of Technical Inquiries to the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committee Appendix I Standard Units for Use in Equations NONMANDATORY APPENDIX A Guidance for the Use of U.S. Customary and $I Units in the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. Index. 467 47 316 523 533 536 548, 554 562 609 621 623 64 onFOREWORD ‘The American Society of Mechanical Engineers set up a ‘committee in 1911 for the purpose of formulating standard rules for the construction of steam boilers and other pres= sure vessels. This committee is now called the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committe. ‘The Commitee’s function is o establish rules of safety, relating only to pressure integrity, governing the construc~ tion! of boilers. pressure vessels, transport tanks and nuclear components, and inservice inspection for pressure integrity of nuclear components and transport tanks, and to interpret these rules when questions arise regarding their intent. This code does not address other safety issues relat- ing tothe construction of boilers, pressure vessels, transport tanks and nuclear components, andthe inservice inspection ‘of nuclear components and transport tanks, The user of ‘he Code should refer to other pertinent codes. standards, laws, regulations, or other relevant documents. With few exceptions, the rules do not, of practical necessity, reflect the likelihood and consequences of deterioration in service related to specific service fluids or external operating envi- ronments, Recognizing this, the Committee has approved ‘a wide variety of construction rules inthis Section to allow the user or bis designee to select those which will provide a pressure vessel having a margin for deterioration in ser- vice so as to give a reasonably long, safe period of use- fulness. Accordingly, itis not intended that this Section be used asa design handbook: rather, engineering judgment must be employed in the selection of those sets of Code rales suitable to any specific service or need. This Code contains mandatory requirements, specific prohibitions, and nonmsndatory guidance for construction activities. The Code does not address all aspects of these activities and those aspects which are not specifically addressed should not be considered prohibited. The Code is not a handbook and cannot replace education, experi- cence, and the use of engineering judgment. The phrase ‘engineering judgment refers to technical judgments made by knowledgeable designers experienced in the application of the Code. Engineering judgments must be consistent with Code philosophy and such judgments must never be used to overrule mandatory requirements or specific prohibitions of the Code. " Cansruton. 3s used inthis Frewoed ita alinesve erm com rising materi, design, ibication, examination, inspection, sting. ercation, and pressive elie. ‘The Committee recognizes that tools and techniques used for design and analysis change as technology prog- resses and expects engineers to use good judgment in the application of these tools, The designer is responsible for ‘complying with Code rules and demonstrating compliance with Code equations when such equations are mandatory. ‘The Code neither requires nor prohibits the use of comput- crs for the design or analysis of components constructed to the requirements of the Code. However. designers and engineers using computer programs for design or analysis ‘are cautioned that they ate responsible for all technical assumptions inherent in the programs they use and they are responsible for the application of these programs to their design, ‘The Code does not fully address tolerances. When dimensions, sizes, or other parameters are not specified With tolerances, the values of these parameters are consid- ered nominal and allowable tolerances or local variances may be considered acceptable when based on engineering, judgment and standard practices as determined by the esigner. ‘The Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committee deals with the care and inspection of boilers and pressure vessels in service only to the extent of providing suggested rules of good practice as an aid to owners and their inspectors. The rules established by the Committee are not to be interpreted as approving, recommending, or endorsing any proprietary or specific design or as limiting in any way the manufacturer's freedom to choose any method of design ‘or any form of construction that conforms to the Code rules ‘The Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committee meets rezu~ larly to consider revisions of the rules, new rules as dictated, by technological development, Code Cases, and requests for interpretations. Only the Boiler and Pressure Vessel ‘Committee has the authority to provide official interpreta- tions ofthis Code, Requests for evisions, new rules. Code ‘Cases, or interpretations shal be addressed tothe Secretary in writing and shal give full particulars in order to receive consideration and action (see Mandatory Appendix cov- ering preparation of technical inquiries). Proposed revi- sions to the Cade resulting from inquiries will be presented to the Main Commitee for appropriate action. The action (of the Main Committee becomes effective only after con- firmation by letter ballot of the Committee and approval by ASME.Proposed revisions tothe Code approved by the Commit- tee are submitted to the American National Standards Inst- tute and published at hiap://estools.asme.org/esconnect/ ublictindex.cfm? PublicReview = Revisions to invite com- ments from all interested persons. After the alloted time for public review and final approval by ASME, revisions are published annually in Addenda to the Code. Code Cases may be used in the construction of compo- nents to be stamped with the ASME Code symbol begin- ‘ing with the date of their approval by ASME. After Code revisions are approved by ASME, they may be used beginning with the date of issuance shown on the Addenda, Revisions, except for revisions to material specifications in Section I, Parts A and B. become manda- tory six months after such date of issuance, except for boilers or pressure vessels contracted for prior to the end (of the six-month period. Revisions to material speciica- tions are originated by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) and other recognized national or international organizations, and are usually adopted by ASME, However, those revisions may or may not have any effect on the suitability of material, produced to earlier editions of specifications, for use in ASME construction, ASME material specifications approved for use in each ‘construction Code are listed in the Guidelines for Accept- able ASTM Editions in Section Il, Parts A and B, These Guidelines list. for each specification, the latest edition adopted by ASME, and earlier and later editions considered bby ASME to be idemtical for ASME construction, ‘The Boiler and Pressure Vesse] Committee inthe formu- lation of its rules and in the establishment of maximum design and operating pressures considers materials, con- struction, methods of fabrication, inspection, and safety devices. ‘The Code Commitee does not rule on whether a compo- nent shall or shall not be constructed to the provisions of the Code. The Scope of each Section has been established to identify the components and parameters considered by the Committee in formulating the Code rules. Questions or issues regarding compliance of a specific component with the Code rules are to be directed to the ASME Certificate Holder (Manufacturer). Inquiries con- cerning the interpretation of the Code are to be directed to the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committee. ASME ii to be notified should questions arise concerning improper use of an ASME Code symbol. ‘The specifications for materials given in Section Il are ‘identical with or similarto those of specifications published by ASTM, AWS, and other recognized national or interna- tional organizations. When reference is made in an ASME material specification to a non-ASME specification for which a companion ASME specification exists, the refer- ence shall be interpreted as applying to the ASME material specification, Not all materials included in the material specifications in Section II have been adopted for Code use, Usage is limited to those materials and grades adopted by atleast one ofthe other Sections ofthe Code for applica- tion under rules of that Section, All materials allowed by these various Sections and used for construction within the scope of their rules shall be furnished in accordance with ‘material specifications contained in Section Il or referenced inthe Guidelines for Acceptable ASTM Eaitions in Section , Parts A and B, except where otherwise provided in Code ‘Cases or in the applicable Section of the Code. Materials, covered by these specifications are acceptable for use in items covered by the Code Sections only to the degree indicated in the applicable Section, Materials for Code use should preferably be ordered, produced, and documented (on tis basis; Guideline for Acceptable ASTM Editions Section Il, Part A and Guideline for Acceptable ASTM Editions in Section II, Part B list editions of ASME and year dates of specifications that meet ASME requirements land which may be used in Code construction. Material produced to an acceptable specification with requirements different from the requirements of the corresponding speci- fications listed in the Guideline for Acceptable ASTM Editions in Part A or Part B may also be used in accordance With the above, provided the material manufacturer or ves- sel manufacturer certifies with evidence acceptable to the Authorized Inspector that the corresponding requirements of specifications listed in the Guideline for Acceptable ASTM Editions in Part A or Part B have been met, Material produced to an acceptable material specification is. not limited as to country of origin. When required by context in this Section, the singular shall be interpreted as the plural, and vice-versa: and the feminine, masculine, or neuter gender shall be treated as such other gender as appropriateSTATEMENT OF POLICY ON THE USE OF CODE SYMBOLS AND CODE AUTHORIZATION IN ADVERTISIN ASME has established procedures to authorize qualified organizations to perform various activities in accordance With the requirements of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. is the aim ofthe Society to provide recogni- tion of organizations so authorized. An organization hold- ing authorization to perform various activities in accordance with the requirements of the Code may state this capability in its advertising literature. Organizations that are authorized to use Code Symbols for marking items or corstructions that have been con- ‘structed and inspected in compliance with the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code are issued Certificates of Autho- rization. [tis the aim of the Society to maintain the standing of the Code Symbols for the benefit of the users, the enforcement jurisdictions, and the holders of the symbols ‘who comply with all requirements Based on these objectives, the following policy has been, established on the usage in advertising of farsimiles of the symbols, Certificates of Authorization, and reference to Code construction. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers does not “approve,” “certify,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, or activity and there shall be no statements or implications that might so indicate. An organization holding a Code Symbol and/or a Certificate of Authorization may state in advertising literature that items, constructions, or activities “are built (produced or per- formed) or activities conducted in accordance with the requirements of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code,” or “meet the requirements of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.” The ASME Symbol shall be used only for stamping and nameplates as specifically provided in the Code. However facsimiles may be used for the purpose of fostering the use of such construction. Such usage may be by an associa- tion or a society, or by a holder of a Code Symbol who may also use the facsimile in advertising to show that clearly specified items will cary the symbol. General usage is permitted only when all of a manufacturer's items are constructed under the rules. The ASME logo, which isthe cloverleaf withthe letters ASME within, shall not be used by any organization other than ASME. STATEMENT OF POLICY ON THE USE OF ASME MARKING TO IDENTIFY MANUFACTURED ITEMS ‘The ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code provides rules for the construction of boilers, pressure vessels, and nuclear components. This includes requirements for mate- rials, design, fabrication, examination, inspection. and stamping. Items constructed in accordance with all of the applicable rules of the Code are identified withthe official ‘Code Symbol Stamp described in the governing Section of the Code, Markings such as “ASME,” “ASME Standard,” or any other marking including “ASME” or the various Code Symbols shall not be used on any’ item that is not com structed in accordance with all of the applicable require- iments of the Code. Items shall not be described on ASME Data Report Forms nor on similar forms referring to ASME that tend to imply that all Code requirements have been met when. in fact, they have not been. Data Report Forms covering items not fully complying with ASME requirements should not refer to ASME or they should clearly identify all excep- tions to the ASME requirements.PERSONNEL ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committee Subcommittees, Subgroups, and Working Groups AAs of January 1, 2007 MAIN COMMITTEE c.Feldstein, Vice Chair G..G. archer, Chair 6 5. Brauszhiowit, Secretary Ve 1 RW, Barnes RJ Basile IE Batey D.L, Berger MUN. Bresler DLA. Canonico R.P. Deublee D.A. Dowin RE, Gimple M. Gold T.E Hansen CL Hotimann DF Landers W. Mi. Lundy J. Mackay UR Mille PLA Molle €.C. Neely W.E. Novis G.C. Park TP, Pastor M.D. Rana 8. W. Roberts FJ Seal Ie A Sele RW. Swayne D.E. Tanner S.V. Voorhees FB Kovacs, Aleare RA. Moen, Honorary Member 1. Tahara, Delegate EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE (MAIN COMMITTED) J.G, Feldstein, Chair G.G. Katcher Vice Chair 1.5. Brauszkiewicn, Secretary RW. Barnes DL. Berger M. Golo G.CoPak TP. Past A Sela D.E Tanner D.A,Canonico, Ex-Officio ‘Member IM. Kot, Ex-Cicio Member HONORARY MEMBERS (MAIN COMMITTEE) FP, Barton R.D. Bonner RJ. Bosna RI. Cepluch Ll chockie rT 1 GE. Feige RC. Geto ©. F. Hadden E | Hemay MH awa AL Justin EL. Kemer WG. Knecht Leto 1.G, MeCany G.C. Millman RF. Reedy W. E Somers KK Tam UP Zick be HONORS AND AWARDS COMMITTEE I. R. Mackay, Chair M. Gold, Vice Chair G. Moino, Secretary R) Basile 1.6 Batey DL. Berger 1G. Feldstein FE Gregor WL. Haag. S.F Morrison, Je RM jessce W.C. Latochelle TP. Pastor A. Sela RR Stevenson MARINE CONFERENCE GROUP HN. Patel Chair LW. Dauthwaite RI. Pet ‘CONFERENCE COMMITTEE D.A, Dowie — tino Chair RD. Reet — North Dakota Vice Chai) D-E. Tanner — Ohio ‘Secretary RJ. Aben, Ir. — Michigan 1-5. Adlaro — California AE. Adkins — West Vigna J.T Amato — Mianesots EA. Anderson — Iinois FR. Andrus — Oregon 1. P. Anthony — Rhode bland R.D. Austin — Colorado EW. Bacher — Nunavut, Canada MM Barber — Michigan RW. Bartlett — Arizona FP. Banna — Virginia M. Bishop — British ‘Columbia, Casada WK. Brigham — New Hampshire D.E. Burns — Nebraska 1.1 Burpee — Maine CJ. Castle — Nova Scotia, Canada A. Conklin — New York D.C. Cook — California R.A, Coomes — Kentucky D. Eastman — Newfoundland ‘and Labrador, Canada LL. ever — Louisiana Everet— Georgia IM Given, Je — North Carolina . Hiaclord — Utsh J Handy — Kentucky 1.8. Harlan — Delaware LL. Holloway — Oklahoma K. Hynes — Prince Edward Island Canada .T-lagger — Ohio J Jenkins — Kansas Kate — Brish Columbia, Canada M Kot — Quebec. Canada K.T. Lau — Alberta, Canaela M.A. Malek — Flocida GF Mankel — Nevada RD, Marvin l— Washington WW, Mault-— Manitoba Canada HOT McEwen — Misisipp‘CONFERENCE COMMITTEE (CONT'D) RD. Mile — Ontaio, Canada S, Pucek — Wisconsin MF. Mooney — 1. Ross — New Brunswick, ‘Massachusetts Canada G.ReMrick— Aekansas——_N. Surtees — Saskatchewan, Y¥. Nagpal — Havwait Canada WR: Owens — Louisiana T.M. Parke — Texas RP. Pate — Alabama MR. Toth — Tennessee MI. Verhagen — Wiscoasio IM. Washington — New Jesey J.D. Payton — Peansyhania RB, West — lows MR. Peterson — Alaska IM. Wheel — Vermont HD. Piaf — South Dakota. | Wills — indiana 1 Pratt — Missous Zarate — Arizona D.C. Pre — Yakoo Tertory, Canada [BPV PROJECT TEAM ON HYDROGEN TANKS. M.D. Rana, Chair R.C. Biel, Corresponding GM Ekenberg, Secretary Member FL Brown J. Cameron, Comesponding DLA. Canonico Member D.C. Cook M. Duncan, Cormsponding 1. Fetbaum ‘Member Joseph DR. Frikken, Conesponding 1M Bey ‘Member NL Newhouse LE Hayden GB. Rawle Conesponding Member ER Sims, k.T tau. Conesponding IN Sivosh Member 1-H Smith K. Oyamada, Coresponding 5. Stanisewsk ‘Member 1. Tahara CHE Ribkin, Coresponding D.W. Treadwell ‘Member E Upits © San Marchi, Comesponding CTL Webster Member H. Barthelemy, Corresponding 8. Somerday. Corresponding ‘Member Member INTERNATIONAL INTEREST REVIEW GROUP Felix Y. Park 5-H. Leong Williamson W. Lin Y. Kim, Delegate CMa SUBCOMMITTEE ON POWER BOILERS (SC 1) DL. Besger, Chait W.L. Lowey BW. Roberts, Vice Chair |. R. Mackay U. DU, Scretary TC MeGough D. A. Canonieo RE McLaughlin K.K. Coleman PA Movie PD. Edwards ¥. Oishi 1.G. Feldstein 1.7. Pillow 1. Hainsworth RD, Schule, T.E Hansen FP. Swery fe 1.5. Hunter 1M, Tanzosh C.F oerings R. V, Wielgosinski 1. Libbeecht D.Willis Honorary Members (SC 1) D.N. French RL. Willams WE. Somers Subgroup on Design (SC) PLA. Movie, Chair 1. Libbectt GL. Hier, Secretary 1-C. tight M.L- Coats B, W, Moore 1.0. Fshbuen| RD. Schueler, 1.2, Glaspie I. Seige CF teerings 1. Swery G8, Kemora 8. Toxkldson ‘Subgroup on Fabrication and Examination (SC 1.7. Pillow, Chair 1. Hansen KL Aenold TC, MeGough DL. Berger RE MeLaughlin 5. W. Cameron ¥. Gish G.W. Galanes RV. Wielgossnsk I Hainsworth Subgroup on General Requirements C1) RE, MeLaughlin, Chair TC MeGough I. Hainsworth, Secretary 1.1. Pillow G. Cook , Tompkins P-D. Edwards SV. Terldson TE Hansen RV, Wiegoseinski W.L, Lowey DLL. willis F Mass Subgroup on Materials SC 1 8. W. Roberts, Chair J. Henny 1.5. Hunter, Secretary 1. Libbrectt DLA. Canonico IL. Mackay KK, Coleman F Nasuyama .W. Galanes eM. Tancosh KL Hayes Subgroup on Piping (SC ) T.E Hansen, Chair Mass DLL. Berger TC MeGough PD, Edwards . Tompkins ©. W. Galanes EA White W.4. Lowry ‘Heat Recovery Steam Generators Task Group (SC 1) T.E Hansen, Chair B.W. Moore EM. Orman, Secretary ALL. Plamley RW. Anderson RD, Schueles, 1.P. Ball 1G Steverman, I: LR, Douglas 5. Timo 1-D. Fishburn © Tompkins G.B. Komora 5. V.Totiléion 1. Ubbrecht B.C. Wurczymski DL. Marit EA Turhan‘SUBCOMMITTEE ON MATERIALS (SC It) JF. Meo, Chair 1, Hofmann 4 Gold, Vice Chair ©. Larkin N. Lobo, Seeretany F Mssuyama F- Abe RK. Nanstad D.C. Agarwal ML Nayar W.R.Apbiet, J E.G. Nisbett |. Appleton D.W. Rahoi MN Beeler B, W. Roberts H.. Bushila Eshapio J. Cameron RC. Sutherin DLA. Canonico RW. Swindeman ‘A. Chaudouet JM. Tanzosh P.Fallovey BE Thurgood D.W. Gandy R.A. Moen, Honorary MM. Gilkey ‘Member 1F Grubb . Kwon, Delegate Honorary Members (SCI) AP. Abvendt J Heger TMi. Cullen CC Hsu R Dinscher RA. Moen W.0, Doty CE, Spacder, WD. Edsall ‘AW. Zeuthen ‘Subgroup on External Pressure (SC Hl & SC-D) RW. Mika, Chair M. Katcher I-AA. Morrow, Secretary. LKurle LF. Campbell E. Michalopoulos 8.5. Geta D. Nadel LF Gab CH. Sturgeon Subgroup on Ferrous Specifications ($C W) E.G. Nibett Chair D.C. Krause [A Appleton, Vice Chair Lh Laver RM. Davison W.C Mack 8.44. Dingman J-K. Mahaney ‘M4. . Dosdourian AS Mell T. Graham KE One JF. Grab © Upitis KM, Hote RZawieruchs D. 5, Janikowski AW. Zeuthen Subgroup on international Material Specifications (SC 1) We. Lundy, Chair D.O.Heary |A.Chaudouet, Vice Chair M. Higuchi 1. Glaspie, Secretary H. Lorene D.C. Agarwal ALR. Nyweing HD. Bushee RD. Schueler Ie D.A. Canonico EA. Steen P. Fallouey E Upits AF. Gatbolesy . Kwon, Delegate Subgroup om Nonferrous Alloy (SCI) .W. Rahoi, Char AG. Kiet, J IM. Katcher, Secretary J. Kssll D.C. Agarwal PA Larkin W.R Apblet, I H. Matsuo HD. Bushivia 1A, MeMaster LG. Catee DT. Petes MH. Gilkey Shapiro LF. Grubb RC. Sutherlin EL Hibner Ri. Zawierucha GC Hs Subgroup on Strength, Ferrous Alloys (SCM) CL. Hotimann, Chaie F Masuyama I'M, Tanzosh, Secretary H Matsoo Abe H. Murakami W.R ape, DW. Raho D.A.Canonico 1. Rober K.K. Coleman MLS. Sheton P. Fallosey RW. Swindernan M. Gold BE Thurgood JF Henny TP. Vassallo, I EL. Hibner ‘Subgroup on Physical Properties SC J. Grubb, Chair °. Fallouey .C. Agarwal E Shapiro HD. Bushfeld ‘Subgroup on Stength of Weldments (SC Ml & SC 1X) |. Mt Tanzosh, Chair JF Henry WF: Newell Ir, Secretary DW. Rabi KK. Coleman BW. Roberts PD. Flenner We Spetko 1D, W. Gandy. 8. E. Thurgood KL Hes Subgroup on Toughness (SC Ml & SC Vil W.S. Jacobs, Char K.Mokiarian 1 Armold CC Newly RI. Basle TT. Philips 1. Cameron M.D. Rana HE Gordon 1. A. Swanton D.C. Lamb EUpiis Special Working Group on Nonmetallic Materials (SC CW. Rowley, Chair IM. R Kessler FA Brawn RH Walker 8. Frost WE Wegner Ps Hil F. Worth ‘SUBCOMMITTEE ON NUCLEAR POWER (SC 11) RW. Barnes, Chair V. Kostarev RM lessee, Vice Chair DF. Landers CA Sanna, Secretary W.C Lakochelle WH. Boner KA Manoly MN. Bressler EA Mayhew J.B. Cole WN. Metean RE, Comma Ie DK. Morton RP. Deubler 0.0. Oyamada 8A Filer RF. Reedy G.M Foster B.B Scott RS. Hil I. D. Severson CU Motion KR Wichman €C kim YH, Choi, Delegate Honorary Members (SC Il RI. Bosnak FR, Drahos FB. Branch RA Moen, W. D. Doty CL Pieper‘Subgroup on Containment Systems for Spent Fuel and High-Level Waste Transport Packagings (SC G.M Foster, Chair Af Meichler G.), Solovey, Vice Chair LE Nichll DK. Morton, Secretary EL Plens WH Borer 7. Saegusa GR Cannell HP. Shrivastava EL Farrow N.M. Simpson RS. RH. Smith D.W Lewis 1.D. Stevenson CG. May | Temus P-L MeConnel P Tula 1.0, Meinnes| A.D. Watkins Subgroup on Design (SC 0) RP. Deubler, Chair DF. Landers RS. Hilll, Vie Chair KA. Manoly ALN. Nguyen, Secretary RJ. Masterson TM Adams WN. Metean MN. Bresler J.C, Minichiello, CW Bruny M. Morishita D.L. Caldwell FoF. Naguib 1.8, Cole T. Nakamura RE, Corman W.Z. Novak A.A. Dermenjian 1 Pleins P. Hirschberg 1 saito RL fener G.-C. Slaps RB. Keating 1D. Stevenson 1 Kel 1p Tucker H. Kobayashi KR Wichman ‘Working Group on Supports ($G-D) (SC 1) RJ. Masterson, Chair 1 Saito FJ. Buch, Secreta J. Stinson U5. Bandyopadhyay T.G.Teryah RP. Deubler D.V. Wale W.P. Colin col Wo ALN. Nauyen ‘Working Group on Core Support Structures (SG-D) (SC MN) LF. Kiel, Chair 11 band 1.F Mallooly Working Group on Design Methodology (SC-D) RB. Keating. Chair D.F. Landers P-L Anderson, Secretay WS. Lapay: TM. Adams H. Locker! MLK AuYang LF. MeCabe R.D. Blevins PR. Olson D.L. Caldwell 1.D. Stevenson Wi ataman 1 Yang ‘Working Group on Design of Division 3 Containments (66-0) (sc m0) ELL. Pleins, Chai DK. Merton Tmt. Adams RE Nickel G. Bjorkman HP, Shrivastava D.W. Lewis Ch Temas LD. Metnnes Po Tonle 1. Minichietlo Group on Piping SG-D) (mh Hirschberg, Chair DF. Landers RC. Fung, Secretary LF MeCabe TM. Adams I.-C. Minicieto C. Basavaraja AN. Nguyen Catalano (0.0. Oyamada IR Cole RD. Patel RJ Gudal £.C, Rodabaugh RW. Haupt M.S. Sil J. Kawahata GC Sagis RB. Keating EA Was V. Kostarev cuwa ‘Working Group on Probabilistic Methods in Design (86-0) 6C RS. Hil, Chair 5.0. Kulat TM Adams ‘A. MeN T.Agyama P-1ORegan BM, Avvub NLA Palm T.A Bacon 1 Sato A.A. Dermenjian (ME. Schmidt MLR. Graybeal J.P. Tucker DO. Henry RM. Wilson Vibra Working Group on Pumps ($C-D) (SC HH) RE. Comnman, I, Chair J. W Leait M.D. Eityehiou IE. Livingston ALA. Fraser IR Rajan M. Higuchs AG, Washburn GR tones Working Group on Valves (SG-D) (SC J.P. Tucker, Chair 1.0. Page RR Brodin S.N, Shields GA Jolly H.R. Sonderegger W. N. MeLean J.C. Tsacoyeanes TA. Mean RG. Visa, Working Group on Vessels (86-0) (SC I) FF Naguib, Chair A Kalnios Gk Miller, Seer RB. Keating CW. Bruny Matsonaga .D. Cooper DE Matthews M. Haram ML. Nakahira WJ Heilker ROM. Wilson Special Working Group on Environmental Effects (S-D) (SC W. Z. Novak, Chair Rs. Mili CL Hofmann 8. Yukawa YH. Choi, Delegate Subgroup on General Requirements (SC Il & SC 3C) W.C aRochelle, Char RD.Mile A Liza, Seeretan MR Minick |. Appleton 8.6. Scot J-R-Berry HK. Sharma W.P.Golint W. K Sowder EA. Mayhew D.M Vickery RP. Melniyre D.V. Walshe‘Subgroup on Materials, Fabrication, and Examination (SCH) 1. Hotimann, Chae H. Murakami G.P. Miley, Secretany M. Nakahira W.H. Boner C.J. Pieper D.M. Doyle IN. Mt. Simpson GM. Foster Wa Spe | G.B. Georgiev JR. Stinson RM Jessee KB. Stuckey ©.c. kim A.D. Watkins Maw 5. Yukawa Subgroup on Pressure elit (SC I) S.F Harrison, Je, Chae EM. Perasky ALL. Szealin D.G. Thibault Subgroup on Strategy and Management (SC I, Divisions 1 and 2) R.W. Barnes, Chair MF. Hessheimer I.R- Cole, Secretary Rs. Mill 8. K. Bobo EV. imi 1. Broom RM, Jessce BA eer RF Reedy CM. Faidy Y. Urabe 1M, Helmey Special Working Group on Editing and Review (SC RF Reed, Chair RP. Deubler WH. Borer B.A Eller MON, Bressler WC. LaRochelle D.L, Caldwell J.D. Stevenson Subgroup on Graphite Core Components (SC 1) 1.D. Burchell, Chir ©. Gelineae CA Sanna, Secretary MN. Mitchell RL Braton NIN. Nemeth MW. Davies 1. Oku 5. W. Doms M. Srinivasan SF. Duffy JOINT ACL-ASME COMMITTEE ON ‘CONCRETE COMPONENTS FOR NUCLEAR SERVICE (SC 30) 1. Inman, Chair J. Gutiewer A.C fbetharh, Vice Chair J. K. Harrold CA Sana, Secreta IMF. Hessheimer N.Alehaat TE. Johnson T.D. Alshawat N-H. Lee LF. Aruso B.B. Scott H.G. Ashar RE Shewmaker 1M. Elgohary ID. Stevensoa. BA Geer ALY.C. Wong, F Farzam T. Wason, Liason Member SUBCOMMITTEE ON HEATING BOILERS (SCV) P.A. Movie, Chair KM. MeTague S.V. Voorhees, Vice Chair BW. Moore G.Moino, Seeretary EA. Nordstrom TL, Bedeaux TM Parks D.C. Bisby I. Seige RV, Wielgoszinsi FP. Barton, Honorary LP. Chicoine Member CM. Dove RB. Duggan, Honorary WA Haag. Je ‘Member 1A Hal RH. Weigel, Honorary 1.D. Hoh Member D- Jenkins J.L Woodoth, Honora W.D. Lemos Member Subgroup on Care and Operation of Heating Boilers (SCV) S.V. Voorhees, Chair KM. MeTague TL Bedeaux PA Mole KJ. Hoey Subgroup on Cast Iron Boilers (SC 1V) KM. MeTague, Char PLA Latkin TL. Bedeaux W.D. Lemos 1-P.Chicoine CP McQuiagan 1A Hall Subgroup on Materials SC 1V) PLA. Larkin, Chair W. D, Lemos 1A Hal IL. Seige ‘Subgroup on Water Heaters (SC 1V) WL Haag, Je, Chae KM. MeTague I. Calland FI. Schreiner 1. D. Gant MLA Taylor WD. Lemos TE Tent Subgroup on Welded Boilers (SC 1¥) TL. Bedeaux, Chair ELA. Nordstrom |. Calland LL seigle CoM. Dove RV, Wielgoszinski W.D. Lemos SUBCOMMITTEE ON NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION (SCV) 1. E Batey, Chair DR. Quatlebaum je FB. Kovacs, Vice Char F. Sater Vasque, Secretary BH. Clark, Je, Honorary S.J. Aken Member I.E Aycock H.C. Graber, Honorary ACS. Birks Member P-L Brown ©. F Hedden, Honorary N.Y. Fatanso Member AF. Gutolevsky J. R. Mackay, Honorary G.W. Hembree Member RW. kuzie 1.G. McCarty, Honorary IF. Manning ‘Member RD, MeGurePersonnel Qualifications and Inguities (SC V) B.D. McGuite, Chair G.W. Hembree FE. Batey 1 W. Hout AS. irks IR Mackay N.Y. Faransso JP. Swery le ‘Subgroup on Surface Examination Methods (SC V) AS. Bhs, Chair RW. Kruzie S.) Aken D.. Quatlebaum, PL. Brown F. Sater N.Y. Faansso M1 Whee! GW. Hembree Subgroup on Volumetric Methods (SC V) G.W. Hembree, Chair RW. Hardy SUL Akin RA. Kellerhall ILE Aycock FB. Kovacs 1. Batey RW. Kassie P-L Brown IF Manning IN Y. Faransso Fo Sater 1. Gatbolevsky ‘Working Group on Acoustic Emissions (SG-¥M) (SC V) N.Y Foranso, Cha LE Aycock 1. Batey )-F Maening ‘Working Group on Radiography (SG-VM) (SC V) FB Kovacs, Chaie AF. Garbolesky SL Absa RW. Hardy TE Aycock G.W. Hembce I.E Batey RW. Kuzic PL. Brown TL Pas N.Y. Faria ‘Working Group on Ultrasonics (SG-¥M) (SC V) RW. Keune, Char R.A Kellerhall IE Aycock IF Manning NY Faransso 4 D. Moles (.F. Hedien| Fh Sater ‘SUBCOMMITTEE ON PRESSURE VESSELS (SC Vi 1.P. Pastor, Chair CC. Neely K. Mokitaran, Vice Chair D.T. Peters 5.1 Rosi, Secretary MI. Pischke RI. Basle MD. Rana J. Cameron G.B, Rawis J DB. Demichael S.C. Roberts 1. Glaspie C.D. Roden M. Gold KJ. Schneider W 5. lacabs A Selz GG. Karcher 1. Sims KT baw EA Steen ste KK Tam R. Mahadeen| © Upits S. Malone EL Thomas Ir Honorary RW. Mika Member UR Miler Subgroup on Design (8 Vth UR Miller, Chair 1. Pastor RE Knoblock, Secretary D. Rana ©.A. ashy G.B.Rawis I. RI. Basile S.C. Roberts MLR Breach C.D. Rodery FL Bown A Sele LR far S.C Shah 1. Glaspie I.-C. Sowinsk CE Hionant CH. Sturgeon | W, S. Jacobs .A. Swanson M.D. Lower KK Tam RW. Mika EL Thomas K. Motharian RA. Whipple Subgroup on Fabrication and Inspection (SC Vill C.D. Rodery, Chair C.D. Lamb EA, Sten, Vice Char 1S. bee 1 Amol 8B. R. Morelock LF. Campbell M.. Pischke HE. Gordon MI Rice W, 5. Jacobs BF. Shelley DLL Kreft IP. Swezy Subgroup on General Requirements (SC Vil 5.€. Roberts, Chae AS. Olivares DB. Demichael, Secretary FL. Richter RI. Basle I. Schneider I. Glaspie DB. Stewart KT lay D_A. Swanson M.D. Lower KK Tam CC. Neely Subgroup on Heat Transfer Equipment (SC Vit IR Mahadeen, Chair B,J. Lerch G. Auriles, Secretary 5. Mayeux S'RBabka UR. Miller 1H Barbee TW. Noten 0. A. Barsky F Owweier 1G. Campbell RI. Sasiny M.D. Clark S. Yokel I. 1.Gosdon RP. Zoldak MI. Hole SM. Caldwell, Honorary FE ebro ‘Member Subgroup on High-Pressure Vessels (SC VII I. Sins Ie, Chair JA. Kapp 5. Vasques, Secretary I. Keljens Pe Antal DP. Kendall RC. Biel ALK Khare ©. Buras M.D. Mann PLN, Chak S.C. Morte R.D.Dinon CG. Mraz ME Dupre EH, Perez BLM. Fryer 0.1. Peters W. Hier ED Roll AHL Honza FW. Tar MM. James 5. Terada P- Jansson‘Subgroup on Materials (SC Vil) J. Cameron, Chait WM. bundy EE Mongenegs, Secreary EG. Nisbett D.C. Agarwal 1. W. Rahoi IF. Grubb BC, Sutherlin EL Hlibner E Upits Mt Katcher Special Working Group on Graphite Pressure Equipment (sc vi MR. Minick Solio ALA. Stupica S. Malone, Chair U. DUWs0, Socetary FL. Brown special Wor 1g Group on High-Pressure Vessels (SC VI Ss. Vasque, Secretary Task Group on impulsively Loaded Vessels (SC VII) RE Nickell, Chair J.€ Didlake, Ie G.A, Antal 1A. Dutey D.D. Barer R. Forgan RC. Biel BL Haroldsen D.W. Bowman HLL Heaton DL. Caldwell EA Roriguer AM. Clayton FR Sims Ie SUBCOMMITTEE ON WELDING (SC 1X) J.G. Feldstein, Chae RD. McGuire WJ. Spero, Vice Chair B.R. Newmark J.D, Wendl, Secretary AS. Olivares D.A. Bowers MI. Pischke RK. Brown, Ie 5.D. Reynolds M. Carpenter MJ. Rice LP Connor 4B, Sims .D. Fleer G.W. Spoho JM. Given, I M.. Stanko 15 Lee P-L. an Fosson West. Lundy RR Young Subgroup om Brazing (SC 1X) M.J.Pischke, Chair AF. Garbolevshy E,W. Beckman CF Jeerngs LF. Campbell 1P Sweay Ie ML Carpenter Subgroup on General Requirements (SC 1X) 8. R Newark, Chair H.8 Porter PR Evans PL. Stil RM Jessee KR Willers AS. Olivares Subgroup on Materials (SC) ML. Carpenter, Chair 1. Mel 1-L Arnold 5.D. Reynolds, 1M, Bernas Ce Sainz 1. Connor Wel. Spe RM Jessee MI. Stanko cc Kim RR Young Subgroup on Performance Qualification ($C 1X) DA. Bowers, Chair KL Hayes V.A Beli 1S tee LP. Connor W. Mt Lundy RB. Coit, RD. MeGure PR Bvans M8, Sime P.D. Fleer G.W. Spaho JM. Given, I Subgroup on Procedure Qualification (SC 1X) D.A, Bowers, Chair MB. Sime ML Rice, Secretary WI. Sperko IM. Benak S.A. Sprague RK. Brow, J 1. P Seay ie AS. Olivares BL. Van Fosson 5.D. Reynolds I T.€. Wiesner Honorary Member (SC 1X) Wo, Scattegood SUBCOMMITTEE ON FIBER-REINFORCED PLASTIC PRESSURE VESSELS (SC X) D. Esberg. Chair J.C. Murphy J. Conlst, Vice Chair DJ Pater Vasque, Secreta DJ Pinel FL. Brown G. Ramirez 1, Basis IR Richer TW. Coley 1A Roton T J. Fowler 8. F Shelley D-H, Horiginson FW, Van Name LE Hunt DO. Yancey. I: DLL. Keeler PH. Zieh BM, Linnemann SUBCOMMITTEE ON, [NUCLEAR INSERVICE INSPECTION (SC X1) G.C.Patk, Chor WE, Norris RW. Swayne, Vice Chair K. Rhyne RL Crane, Secretary WR Rogers I WH. Bamiord, J DLA. Seah RC. Cipolla FJ Schaal D.D. Davis 1. Spanner. RL Dyle ILE. Statiora EL Farow G.L Stevens RE Gime EW. Theockmoston I FE Gregor DE Wastey Hasegawa RA West D.O- Henry C1. Wine RD. Kerr C5, Withers SD. Kulat R.A. Yonekawa GL. Lagleer KK Yoon D.W. Lamond 1. Yohara LT. Lindberg YS. Chang, Delegate B.% NewtExecutive Committee (SC Xb) RW. Swayne, Chair ©. F Hedden G.C Park Vice Chair CG. MeCargar RL Crane, Seeeary WE Norris WH. Bamford Ir K. Rhyne B.D. Davis, FJ, Schaaf RL Dyle 1-C. Spanner, I: RE. Gimple E,W. Throckmorton FE Gregor RA Yonekawa Honorary Members (SC X1) LJ. Chockie 1. P. Houstup C.D. Comter UR kate 0. F Hedden P.C. Riccardella Subgroup on Evaluation Standards (SC XD W.H. Bamiord It, Chair, Koyama GL Stevens, Secretary D.R Lee 8.C. Cipolla HS. Mehta 5. Cottin 1G. Meike GH, De Boo 5. Ranganath B.R Gants D.A. Scant TJ Griesbach K.R Wiehman K. Hasegawa KK. Yoon 1D. N-Hpkins YS. Chang, Delegate Imamura ‘Working Group on Flaw Evaluation (SG-ES) (SC Xt) RC. Cipolla, Chair J.G. Merkle G.H. De Boo, Secretary MMA. Mitchell W.H. Bamior, Ie K Miyazaki M Basol RK Qashs 1.4 Bloom S. Ranganath BAR Gana PI Rush TL Geiesbach DLA, Seah HLL Gustin 7.5. Schusman FD. Hayes W.L. Sener PH. Hoang, FA. Simonen D.N. Hopkins KR Wichman Imamura G.M. Witkowski Koyama KK Yoon D.R Lee 8. Yokawa, HS. Mehta V.A.Zilbersein ‘Working Group on Operating Plant Criteria (SG-ES) (SC x1 1.1. Griesbach, Chaie Pace KR Baker S. Ranganath W. H. Bamford, I WoL Server H. Behnke EA Siegel B.A. Bishop FLA. Simonen TL Dickson GL. Stevens SR, Gosselin DP. Weakland S.N. Malik KK. Yoon HS. Mehta Working Group on Pipe Faw Evaluation (SG-ES) (SC X1) DLA Scarth, Chair K. Hasegawa GM. Wilkowsk, Secretary PH. Hoang TA, Bacon DN. Hopkins WH. Bamiord, Kashima RC. Colla HS. Mehta N.G. Cote K Miyazaki 5. Dattuor J. Panesar G.H. De Boo 1 Rush Friedman KK. Yoon BR Gants VLA Zilbertein LF Goyette ‘Subgroup on Liguid-Metal-Cooled Systems (SC XI) CG. MeCargar, Chir WL Chase Subgroup on Nondestructive Examination (SC X1) J.C. Spanner ke, Chair D.O. Henry GA Lothes, Secretary MR Hor NR. Bentley G.L Lagleder TL Chan 1. Lindberg ©. Cheeze GR. Peckine .R. Cordes AS, Reed FJ Dowd Fk Sehaf, e FE, Dohmen Ch Wine ME. Gathard ‘Working Group on Personnel Qualification and Surface, Visual, and Eddy Current Examination (SG-NDB) (SC Xt) 1. Condes, Seretary 1, R, Quatlebaur, J BL Curis AS. Reed IN. Faenbaugh D. Spake 6.8. George J.C. Spannet, D.O. Henry Wine 1. Lindberg ‘Working Group on Presure Testing (SG-WCS) (SC XN) .W. Lamood, Chale RE Hall JM. Boughman, Seceary J. K McClanahan 1.1. Churchwell ‘A. MeNel I GL. Fechter BL. Montgomery KW. Hall EL Sullivan, Je ‘Working Group on Procedure Qualification and Volumetric Examination (SC-NDE) (SC XI) M. € Gothard, Chair Kellerhall G.R Peskins, Secretary ©. Kurek CB. Checzem GL Lagleder A.D. Chockie GA. totus SR. Doctor CE Moyer FJ Dodd S.A. Sabo FE. Dohmen RV. Swain Kf Hacker‘Subgroup on Repar/Replacement Activites (SC-RRAYSC X)) R.A. Yonekavsa, Chair RD. Kerr ELV Farrell Ir, Secretary SL. MeCracken 5.8 Brown B.R, Neston RE Caniell, LE O8llivan P.D. Fisher W.R Rogers I EB, Gerlach RR Stevenson RE. Gimple RW. Swayne DLR Grcham DE. Waskey RA Herana 1.G. Weiets EV. mt CS. Withers ‘Working. Group on Design and Programs (SG-RRA) (SC X)) £8 Gerlach, Chair D.R. Graham 5.8. Brown, Secretary GF Hatt A.W, Du Bouchet RR. Stevenson G.G. Elder RW. Swayne EV Farll AH Tautique 5. Fisher TP, Vassallo, J 1M. Camber RA Yonckawa Working Group on Welding and Special Repair Process (SG-RRA) (SC XD DLE. Waskey, Chair RD. Kerr RE Cane, Secretary ©G Kim S11. Findlay Mota PD. Fisher S.L McCracken KA. Gras BR Newton ML Hall 6 OSulivan ROA. Hermann 1.G, Weicks RP. Indy K.R. Willers Subgroup on Water-Cooled Systems (SC XD) FW. Throckmorton il, Char, D. Kulst ILM. Ago, Secretary D.W. Lamond G.L. Belew A McNeil I Ix Boughman W.E. Noses D.D.Davis, 0. Song #0. Do J. Stara J.D. Elis HLM. Stephens, I EL Farrow K.8. Thomas M.A. Fer RA West 0. Hedden G.€ Whirman MUL Henera HLL Groves I, Allerate Working Group on Containment (SG-WCS) (SC XI) 1. Seatina, Chair HAT Hit Hi Ashar RD. Hough 5.6. Brown GN. Krishnaswamy KK N. Chao D. Nas RC. Con 5.C. Petitgout JW. Crider HM Stephens, MI ets W.E. Noms, Altrate LL. Graves it Werking Group on 181 Of ization (SG-WCS) (SC XI) EA. Siegel, Chaie AH. Mahindrakar DR. Condes, Secretary D..G. Navjock RL Tuer, Secray K. 6. Thomas WH, Bamford, Ir G.E. Whitman M. Baughman ¥.Yuguehi H RE Mall ‘Working Group on Implementation of Risk Based Examination ISG-WCS) (SC XD SD. Kulat, Chair KW. Hot ‘A. McNeil I, Secvetary D.W. Lamond eM. gold 1.7 Lindberg SAA RK Ma B.A. Bishop P-L O'Regan 5. Chesworth NA. Palm €. Cueto Felgueroso MLA. Pyne H.Q.d0 FA simonen R.Feugerousse RA West MR. Graybeat J.C. Younger I Hokai AT. Keim, Alternate ‘Working Group on Inspection of Systems and Components {SGAWCS) (SC Xb K. 8. Thomas, Chair $0. Kulat D. Song, Secretary D. G. Navjock Vv. Armentrout T. Nomura G.L Belew CoM Ross C.Cueto-Felgueroso RL Tormer H.0.D0 RA West R.Fougerousse G.E. Whitman MR Hum ‘Working Group on General Requirements (SC X0) . Rhyne, Chae EL Faroe EL Maloney. Secretary RK. Matta TL Chan SR, Scot 1.D. Elis CS. Withers Special Working Group on Eliting and Review (SC XD W, Swayne, Chair E Moyer JE. Stafira ic C1 Wine Special Working Group on Plant Lie Extension (SC XD) TA. Meyer, Chair PT. Kuo D.V. Burgess, Secretary RL Tutner DD. Davis G.6. Young FE Gegor Special Working Group an High-Temperature, Gas-Cooled Reactors (SC Xb J. Fletcher, Chair BI. Keuse M.A, Lockwood, Secretary MLN. Mitchell Broom F. Schaal KON. Fleming RW, Swayne WA. Keel ‘SUBCOMMITTEE ON TRANSPORT TANKS (SC Xt} A. Sela Chaie G. Metae LL Plano, Secetan’ MR Minick PD, Stump, Secretary M.D. Pham ALN. Antomiog M.D. Rana . Becht S. Staniszewski ML Conte MR Toth MA. Garnet ALP. Varghese CH Hochman S.V Voorhees G.G. Karcher‘Subgroup on Design and Materials (CX) MO. Ran, Chie TA. Rogers G.G. Karcher AP. Varghese SL McWilliams MR Ward INI Paulick EA While M.D. Pham Subgroup on Fabrication and Inspection (SC XIN 5. V. Voothees, Chae DL keft 1A. Byers G. McRae BL Gehl MR Minick LD. Holsinger AS. Olivares Subgroup om General Requirements (SC XI) CH. Hochman, Chae M.A, Garett TW, Alexander KL Gilmore DM Allbiten IL Rademacher CA Bette T. Rummel LF Cannon MR. Toth 1 Freier L Wolpert WoL. Garield SUBCOMMITTEE ON BOILER AND PRESSURE VESSEL ACCREDITATION (SC.BPVA) W.C.Lakochelle, Chair M.A. Devries, Alternate P.D Edwards, View Chair C.E. Ford, Alternate K 1. Baton, Seer TLE Hansen, Altemate MB. Doherty G.L Hollinger, Aemare P. Hacord Dk Jenkins, Alternate kK Tb B.B. MacDonald, Altemare LE McDonald RD. Mile, Alternate KM MeTague G.P. Milley, Alienate B.R, Morlock TW. Novton, Altenate 1D. Oeary H.R Sth, Alternate D.E Tanner JA West, Atrate B.C. Turezyack RV. Wielgoszisk, Altomae DLE Tate (©. Trapp, Semor Consltont EA White ALL Spencer, Honorary G. Bynog, Alternate Member SUBCOMMITTEE ON NUCLEAR ACCREDITATION (SC-NA) R.R Stevenson, Chair W.C Lakochelle, Vice hair 1. Pang, Secretary M,N: Bressler S.M, Gooxhwin DE. Tanner DM. Vickery G. Bynog Alternate G. Dell Altemare P.D. Edwards, temare KA. Huber J.W. Highland, Atemate Mot K.M. Hate Allernate 1G. Keane BG. Kovark, Alternate GA. Lzote PF. Resco, alternate RP. Melnnyre 5, Toledo, alternate MR Minick FA. White, Allemate HB Passe RV, Wielgoszinai, Alternate TE Quaka HL Wiger, Alemate AT. Roberts (0. €. Trapp, Senior Consultant SUBCOMMITTEE ON DESIGN (6C-D) RJ. Basle, Chaie D.P. Jones RW. Barnes RW. Miike MR. Breach U.R ile RP. Deublee W. 1 ODonnell GG. Graven R.D. Schuler, GL Hollinger A. Sel, RL Jeter Subgroup on Design Analysis (SC-D) GL. Hollinger, Chair K. Matsunaga SA. Adams G.A. Miler MR. Breach W.D. Reinhardt R.G. Brown D. H. Roany RJ. Curdal G.Sannazzar0 CF. Hebestng 1G. Sepp CE Hinnant DLA. Swanson P. Hinschbers| G. Taxacher D.P- Jones, EL Thomas, | Kalnins| RA. Whipple Wel. Koves ‘Subgroup on Elevated Temperature Design (SC-D) RL Jeter, Chair 1.6 McGreevy T. Assyama KA. Moore C. Becht WL ODonnel IF Cenvenka D.A. Osage DS. Grin J. Porowshi BF Mantz 8. Riou NUH. Iawad TAL. Shan WJ. Koves M5. Shelton 5. Majumdar DL Marit RW Siwindeman ‘Subgroup on Fatigue Strength ($C-D) WJ ODonnell, Char D.P. Jones S.A. Adams G. Kharshaian PR. Donan Majumdar RI. Gorda Nokamara C.F. Heberking 1 D-H. Roory P. Hischbeg G. Toxacher PH HO. Ziad Subgroup on Openings (SC-D) M4. R, Beach, Chair J.P. Madden RW, Mika, Secretary DR Palmer C.G.Graven| 1A. Plier VT Hwang M.D. Rana 1G. Light EC Rodabaugh RB. Loney Special Working Group on Bolted Flanged Joints (SC-D) RW. Mikitha, Char 1. RPayne .D. Bibel P.G, Scheckermann HA, Bourid RW. Schneider A. Chaudouet RD. Schuele, - Michalopoulos A Sele S.N. Papay M.S. SheltonSUBCOMMITTEE ON SAFETY VALVE REQUIREMENTS (SC:SVR) S.F Harrison, Irs Chae J.P. Glaspie 1A West, Vice Char HLL Gregg 5.1. Rosi, Secretary WF. Hart IF. Ball GA. Neumann S. Cammeres TM. Parks A.Cox Dx Parish RD. Danzy D. J Seallan D.B. Demichael I.-C. Standiast RI, Doeling 2.Wang, Subgroup on Design (SC-SVR) JA. West, Chae HL Gregg CE Beair D Miller RD, Danzy T.Patel R J. Doeling TR Torbay Subgroup on General Requirements (SC.SVR) D.B. Demichael, Chair TM Parks 1. Ball DK. Pantsh G. Brazier 1. Ramsey 1. P. Glaspie IW Richardson CA. Neumann 1-C. Stanlast Subgroup on Testing (SC-SVR) A. Cox, Chair Wo Mare Brit KG. Roth 5. Cammeres DLL Seallan G.D.Coodson Z wang US. Technical Advisory Group ISO/TE 145, Safety elit Valves Th Bevilacqua, Chair Y.-S. Lat 5.1 Rossi, Secreta D.hiller S.F. Haron, J 1A WestPERSONNEL Officers of ASTM Committee (Cooperating in the Development of the Specifications Herein) As of December 31, 2006 £-7 ON NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING. 1.8, Beeize, I Chie |A.8. Washabaugh IM. Carles, Vice Chair Membership Secretary CVE Kropas- Hughes, SecretarySUMMARY OF CHANGES The 2007 Edition of this mandatory date, use the designation * fe contains revisions in addition to the 2004 Edition with 2005 and 2006 Addenda The revisions are identified with the designation 07 in the margin and, as described in the Foreword, become mandatory six months after the publication date of the 2007 Edition. To invoke these revisions before their 1007 Edition” in documentation required by this Code. W you choose not to invoke these revisions betore their mandatory date, use the designation "2004 Edition through the 2006 ‘Addenda’ in documentation required by this Code The BC numbers listed below are explained in more detail in “List of Changes in BC Order” following this Summary of Changes. ‘Changes given below are identified on the pages by a margin note, 07, placed next to the affected area Page Location 4a 7421.2 2 T3412 “ Fig. T-434.2.1 45 1434.22 31 1472.3 36, 57 mari 65-68 Appendix D 3 E474 76 ‘Appendix H1 104 15222 na T6212 ns Table T-021 1.652 1.653 16 Table 7-672 19 tos 642 1643 120 uL610 6st Lose 12 T7212 T7310) T.764.1.2 Fig. T-764.1.2 128 Fig. 7-762.1.2.2 135, 136 ‘Appendix I Change (BC Number) First sentence revised (BC06-115) Revised in its entcety (BC06-543) Note thy added (8C06-543) Revised (8006-543) Title corrected by errata (BC06-1321) Revised (BC06-705) Revised in its enttety in Article 4 (BC05.571) Fourth paragraph added (BC05-628) Deleted from Amticle 4 (BC05-571) First sentence revised (8006-115) First sentence revised (BC06-115) Under Requirements, wellth entry revised (BC05-1064) Revised (8C05-1064) Revised (BC05-1064) Note (1) revised (8005-1064) Title and paragraph revised (BCO5-300) Revised in its entirety (BCO5-300) Deleted (805-300), Revised (8705-1064) Title and paragraph revised (BC05-1064) Last line of fist paragraph revised (BC05-1064) First sentence revised (BC06-115) Revised (8C06-993), Revised and Note added (BC06-993) Redesignated as Fig. T-764.1.2.1 and revised (BC06-993) ‘Added (BC06-993) ‘Added to Article 7 (BCO4-1404)Page 138-153 154 157 159 179 2ar-2a4 302 305 a 381 392 397-408 409-413, a4 426-430 436-443 471-315 516 536 Location Anicle 8 T9212 10213 7.1090 x-1090 Appendix Ih SE-1255 SA-A35/SA~435M SAS771SA577M SA-5785A.576M 5A-609)/54-609M SA-7A5/SA-745M seat se213 se-273 se797 $0516 sp-1552 se-709 SE-243, St.976 (Change (BC Number) (1) -810 revised in its entirety (BC03-1284) (2) 7-820 through T-892 deleted (8C03-1284) 13) Appendices I through VI revised in their entirety (BC03-1284) First sentence revised (BC06-115) First sentence revised (806-115), ‘Added by errata (BC06-982) Deleted by errata (BC06-962) ‘Added to Anicle 14 (BC03-1552) Subtitle revised (BC06-426) Subtitle revised (806-365), Subtitle revised (BC06-366) Subtitle revised (806-367) Subtitle revised (BC06-380) Subtle revised (806-381) 1) Designator corrected by errata (BCO6-341) (2) Subtitle revised (BC05-382) Revised in is entirety (BCO4-1408) Revised in its entirety (BCO4-1409) Designator corrected by enata (BC06-341) Revised in its entirety (BC05-1088) Revised in its entirety (BCO4-1410) Revised in is entirety (BCO4-133) Subtitle revised (806-383) Designator corrected by enata (BC06-341) NOTE: Volume 57 of the Interpretations to Section V of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code follows the last page of this EditionLIST OF CHANGES IN BC ORDER BC Namber COR. 1284 oo. 1582 BOO a0 COM-L408 BOO 1409 evs. 1410 evs i4i3 BOOS. os COS-I088 BOUS-1429 BC0S-300 snevss71 o0s.628 006.115 13C06-1321 1HC06. 381 coe 365 1006-366 006.367 C0680 oo6-381 006-382 13006.385, C0626 C683 powe-705 006-982 rere) Change [Anil 8 is evsed wo reference several appends. Appendices and It ae revised and combined ito a new Appendix AppenxIV is revised ad despre 3s Append [Arle 8 is roveed and redesignated a8 Appendix 1. ‘Appendix I references to Aricle 8 are updated to reference sew Appendix IV: “eddy cuent” abievaion i remove, Article 14, App. Is ded to provide requtements fr qualising urasonic examination systems ‘Ale 7. Mandatory Append Ils addd wo provide requirements for the performance of 3 Magnetic Pate ‘examination (ST using the yoke technique with orescent panicles nan undarkened area [Arle 23. ASTM E 21308 is adoped and replaces SE-213 (ASTM E 213-98, Ariele 23, ASTM E 273.01 adpted an paces SE-278 (ASTM E 273-98) [Arie 24 ASTM D 1882-05 i adpted and replaces SD-1552 (ASTM D 1882.0 Amicle 25. ASTM E 709-01 is adopted at replaces SE 709 (ASTM E 709.95), Article 6 and Anicle 6. Appendix I are revised to update the minim standard temperatures trom SO°F (10°C) oF SC), Ale 24, ASTM D 316-02 adopted and eeplaces SD-SI6 [ASTM D $16:90 (81995), rat corres Code Case 2476 by inserting missing pra. 2772. [Arle 6 ILS) and 1.682 are revised to clarify references, Arce 6, IL683 is delete, ‘Appendices D and H revised and combined into Appendix D to include recoding reflector elevant indications and length measurements, Amici 4, Nonmandatory Appendix Eis revised to inca new paragraph concerning Sesto scans (Seas) and ide Giles holes used Tor alain. ‘T2L.2,7522.2, T6212, 7721.2, T8282, T9212, and T-ID1.3 ae essed to clay that procedure quit ation are requied only when specified hy the referencing Code rata corrects mispling of T4723 tie SE-II4, SE-797, SE976, and SE-L419 are revised to delet 2" rom Table of Comets an tile pages Aicle 23. ASTM A 438/A 435M90 (2001 is adoped and replaces SA-43SSA-438M [ASTM A 435A 358-90 (81996) “Aicle 23, ASTM A STTVA 577M.90 (R2001) is adopted and replaces SA-STUSA-STIM [ASTM A STT/A ST7M.90 (R1956), AAmicle 23, ASTM. A S7W/A STHM96 (RODI) is adopted and replses SA-STWISA.STEM (ASTM A STRIA S7AM 96, [Arle 23, ASTM A 60/4 609.01 (R2002) is adopted and repluces SA-G9ISA-6OOM (ASTM. A AIB/A 6ONE or eRI991 Aas 23, ASTM A 74S(A 745994 (R2005) is adopted and replaces SA-TASISA-T4SM (ASTM A T4S/A 74SM98, Ale 23, ASTM E 14-95 (R2OGS) is adopted and replaces SE-14 ASTM E 114.95 (R2001)], Atle 26, ASTM FE 24.98 (R200) is steped and replaces SE-243 (ASTM E 24397) Ale 22. ASTM E 1255.9 (R2002) is adopted and replaces SE-1255 (ASTM E: 1255-96) T3412 is revised to ald similar metal weld requirement, ‘T4342? revised to reference Fig. 7434.21 for block tshnes, 7 Fig. T4M.21 revised to add Not (hy wo define weld thickness, Article 4 Appendix I. 1-478 i revised to ad the requirement that 3 «minimum a anverse examination needs to be prfomed pie T7213 rata comets editorial mishap based on BCDA-1679 T-1090 was deleted instead of X-1050 Atle 7 is evned in aconlance with SE-T08ARTICLE E SUBSECTION A NONDESTRUCTIVE METHODS OF EXAMINATION ARTICLE 1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS T-10 SCOPE (a) This Section of the Code contains requirements and methods for nondestructive examination (NDE), which are Coe requirements to the extent they are specifically efer- fenced and required by other Code Sections or referencing ‘document, These NDE methods are intended to detect sur- face and internal imperfections in materials, welds, fabri- cated parts. and components. They include radiographic examination, ultrasonic examination, liquid penetrant examination, magnetic particle examination, eddy current examination, visual examination, leak testing, and acoustic emission eximination. See Nonmandatory Appendix A of this Article for a listing of common imperfections and ‘damage mechanisms, and the NDE methods that are gener- ally capable of detecting them, (b) For genera terms such as Inspection, Flaw, Discom ‘inuity, Evaluation, etc, refer to Mandatory Appendix I 7-120 GENERAL, (a) Subsection A describes the methods of nondestruc- tive examination to be used if referenced by other Code Sections or referencing documents. (b) Subsection B lists Stendards covering nondestruc- tive examination methods wich have been accepted as standards, These standards are nonmandatory unless spe- Cifically referenced in whole orinpart in Subsection A oras indicated in other Code Sections or referencing document (c) Any reference to a paragraph of any Article in Sub- section A of this Section includes allof the applicable rules in the paragraph! In every case, reference to a paragraph includes al the subparagraphs and subdivisions under that paragraph (d) Reference to a standard contained in Subsection B is mandatory only to the extent specified.” (¢) For those documents that directly reference this Ari ele forthe qualification of NDE personnel. the qualification shall be in accordance with their employer's written prac- tice which must be in accordance with one ofthe following documents (1) SNT-TC-1A. Personnel Qualification and Cet: feation in Nondestructive Testing: or 2) ANSUASNT-CP-189.° ASNT Standard for Quali fication and Certification of Nondestructive Testing Per sonnel (f) National or international central certification pro- grams, such as the ASNT Centeal Certification Program (ACCP), may be alternatively used to fulfil the examina tion requirements of the documents listed in T-120(¢) as specitied in the employer's written practice. "Rr example tference to 7-270 inca all he rules contin in P21 rough P2 > Fr example, T-23 requtes that Image Quality Indians be mans Factred and ented in acondance wth he requirements or lems allowed in SE-747 or SE-1005 and Appendices, 36 appropriate for he five of ION to be used, These ae the ony pans of ether SE-7A7 SE-1025 that re mandatory im Article 2 > SNT-TC-1A (2001 dion, "Personne! Qualiestion and Ceri ion p Nondstucive Testing "and ANSUASNT CP. 189(2001 Eon “ASNT Stndard Tor Qualification and Cericaton of Nondestructive ‘esting Personnel” publinked bythe American Society for Nondestu tse Testing. 1711 Aringate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OFARTICLE 1 (g) When the referencing Code Seetion does not specify, qualifications or does not reference directly Article 1 of this, Section, qualification may simply involve demonstration in routine manufacturing operations to show that the person- nel performing the nondestructive examinations are compe- tent to do so in accordance with the Manufacturer's established procedures. (iy) The user of this Article is responsible for the quali- fication and certification of NDE Personnel in accordance with the requirements of this Anticle. The Code User's! Quality Program shall stipulate how this is to be accom: plished. Qualifications in accordance with a prior edition of SNT-TC-IA, or CP-189 are valid until recertification, Recertification or new certification shall be in accordance with the edition of SNT-TC-1A or CP-189 specified in Footnote 3 (i) Limited certification of nondestructive examination personnel who do not perform all of the operations of a nondestructive method that consists of more than one ‘operation, oF who perform nondestructive examinations of limited seope, may be based on fewer hours of training and, experience than recommended in SNT-TC-1A or CP-189. Any limitations or restrictions placed upon a person's cert fication shall be described in the written practice and on the certification, (j) Either U.S. Customary Units or SI Units may be used for compliance with all requirements of this edition ‘but one system shall be used consistently throughout for all phases of construction. (1) Either the U.S. Customary Units or SI Units that are listed in Mandatory Appendix II are identified in the text, or are identified in the nomenclature for equations shall be used consistently for all phases of construction (c.g.. materials, design, fabrication, and reports). Since values in the two systems are not exact equivalents, each system shall be used independently of the other without mixing U.S. Customary Units and SI Units (2) When SI Units are selected, U.S. Customary val- ues in referenced specifications that do not contain SI Units shall be converted to SI values to atleast three significant figures for use in calculations and other aspects of con- struetion. “130 EQUIPMENT It is the responsibility of the Code User to ensure that the examination equipment being used conforms to the requirements of this Code Section. “In this Code Section, “Cade User” is any npanization conducting nondestructive examinations the requirements ofthis Seton 2007 SECTION ¥ 7-180 PROCEDURE (a) The nondestructive examination methods included. in this Section are applicable to most geometric configura- tions and materials encountered in fabrication under normal conditions. However, special configurations and materials may require modified methods and techniques, in which ‘case the Manufacturer shall develop special procedures which are equivalent or superior to the methods and tech- niques described in this Code Section, and which are capa ble of producing interpretable examination results under the special conditions, Such special procedures may be modifications or combinations of methods described or referenced in this Code Section, and shall be proved by demonstration to be capable of detecting discontinuities under the special conditions, and such demonstrated capa- bilities shall be equivalent to the capabilities ofthe methods described in this Code Section when used under more ‘general conditions. Depending on the quality assurance or ‘quality control system requirements of the referencing. Code Section, these special procedures shall be submitted to the Inspector for acceptance where required, and shall be adopted as part of the Manufacturer's quality control program (b) When an examination to the requirements of this Section of the Code is required by other Sections of the Code, it shall be the responsibility of the Manufacturer, fabricator, or installer to establish nondestructive examina- tion procedures and personnel cenification procedures con- forming to the referencing Code requirements (c) When required by the referencing Code Section, all nondestructive examinations performed under this Code Section shall be done toa written procedure, This procedure shall be demonstrated to the satisfaction of the Inspector. ‘The procedure or method shall comply with the applicable requirements ofthis Section for the particular examination ‘method, Where so required, written procedures shall be made available (0 the Inspector on request. At least one ‘copy of each procedure shall be readily available to the “Manufacturer's Nondestructive Examination Personnel for their reference and use. T-160 CALIBRATION (a) The Manufacturer, fabricator, or installer shall assure that all equipment calibrations required by Subsec- tion A and/or Subsection B are performed (b) When special procedures are developed [see -150(a]. the Code User shall specify what calibration is necessary. when calibration is required 1-170 EXAMINATIONS AND INSPECTIONS (a) The Inspector concerned with the fabrication of the vessel or pressure part shall have the duty of verifying2007 SECTION V to his satisfaction that all examinations required by the referencing Code Section have been made to the require: ments ofthis Section and the referencing document(s). He shall have the right to witness any of these examinations to the extent stated in the referencing document(s) ‘Throughout this Section of the Code. the word Inspector ‘means the Authorized Inspector who has been qualified as required in the various referencing Code Sections. (b) The special distinction established in the various. Code Sections between inspection and examination and the personnel performing them is also adopted inthis Code Section, In other words, the term inspection applies to the functions performed by the Authorised Inspector, but the {erm examination applies to those quality control functions performed by personnel employed by the Manufacturer. ‘One area of occasional deviation from these distinctions exists. In the ASTM Standard Methods and Recommended Practices incorporated in this Section ofthe Code by refer- cence or by reproduction in Subsection B, the words inspec tion or Inspector, which frequently occur in the text or titles of the referenced ASTM documents, may actually describe what the Code calls examination or examiner: ‘This situation exists because ASTM has no occasion to be concerned with the distinctions which the Code makes ARTICLE 1 between inspection and examination, since ASTM activi- ties and documents do not involve the Authorized Inspector described in the Code Sections, However, no attempt has been made to edit the ASTM documents to conform with Code usage; this should cause no difficulty if the users of this Section recognize that the terms inspection, testing and examination in the ASTM documents referenced in Suibsection B do not describe duties of the Authoriced Code Inspector but rather describe the things 10 be done by the Manufacturer's examination personel 1-180 EVALUATION ‘The acceptance standards for these methods shall be as, stated in the referencing document(s). 7-190 RECORDS/DOCUMENTATION Records/Documentation shall bein accordance with the referencing document(s) and the applicable requirements ‘of Subsection A and/or B of this Code Section. The Code User shall be responsible for all required Records/ Documentation.ARTICLE 1 2007 SECTION ARTICLE 1 MANDATORY APPENDIX APPENDIX I — GLOS: FOR NONDESTRUCTIVE, EXAMINATION SCOPE L110 ‘This Mandatory Appendix is used for the purpose of cstablishing standard terms and definition of terms common, to all methods used in Nondestructive Examination. 1-120 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS (a) The Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations (ASTM E 1316) has been adapted by the Committee as SE-1316. (b) SE-1316 Section A provides the definition of terms listed in 1-1304a), (€) Paragraph 1-130(b) provides alist of terms and def nitions, which are in addition to SE-I316 and are Code specific 1.130 REQUIREMENTS («) The following SE-1316 terms are used in conjune- tion with this Article: defect. discontinuity, evaluation, false indication, flaw: flaw characterization, imperfection, interpretation, nonrelevant indication, relevant indication (b) The following Code terms are used in conjunction with this Article: ‘area of interes: the specific portion of the object that is, tobe evaluated as defined by the referencing Code Section. indication: the response or evidence from a nondestruc: tive examination that requires interpretation to determine relevance, inspection: the observation of any operation performed fon materials and/or components to determine its accept ability in accordance with given criteria, limited certification: an accreditation of an individual's qualification to perform some but not all of the operations within a given nondestructive examination method or tech- nique that consists of one or more than one operation, oF to perform nondestructive examinations within a limited scope of responsibility. ‘method: the following is a list of nondestructive exami nation methods and respective abbreviations used within the scope of Section V. RT — Radiography UT — Ultrasonics MT — Magnetic Particle PT — Liquid Penetrants VT — Visual LT — Leak Testing. ET — Electromagnetic (Eddy Current) AE — Acoustic Emission nondestructive examination (NDE): the development and application of technical methods to examine materials and/or components in ways that do not impair future use~ fulness and serviceability in order to detect, locate, mea- sure, interpret, and evaluate flaws, ‘operation: a specific phase of a method or technique. procedure: an orderly sequence of actions describing hhow a specific technique shall be applied sensitivity: a measure of the level of response from a discontinuity by a nondestructive examination, technique: a technique is a specific way of utilizing a particular nondestructive examination (NDE) method,2007 SECTION V ARTI ARTICLE 1 NONMANDATORY APPENDIX APPENDIX A — IMPERFECTION VS. TYPE OF NDE METHOD SCOPE ‘Table A-110 lists common imperfections and the NDE ‘methods that are generally capable of detecting them, A110 CAUTION: Table 4-110 should be regarded for general guidance only and not as basis for requiring or prohibiting a particular type ‘ONDE method for a specific application. For example, material and Product form are factors that could result In differences from the degree of effectiveness implied in the tne. For servie-induced Iimperections, accessibility and other conditions atthe examination locaton are also sgnitcant actors that must he considered in select ing a particular NDE method. In addition, Table A-110 must not ‘be conuidered tobe al inclusive: there are several NDE methods techniques and imperfections not sed in the table. The wer must ‘consider all applicable conditions when selecting NDE. methods for 4 specific aplication.ARTICLE 2007 SECTION V TABLE A-110 IMPERFECTION VS TYPE OF NOE METHOD Surface Subst {ote (2) [Note (233 Volumetric (Note (301 voor wT er RT UTA UTS AE. ‘Service-Induced Imperfections ‘brasive Wear (Localized! 2 9 °° o 9 Bathe Wear (Heat Exchangers) . o Corrsion Assist Fatigue Cracks o 9 fe oe . Comrsion -Crevie . 6 (General Uniform ar) a . Ping ee 6 eo 6 o @ 0 Selective a ° Creep (Primary) Mote Erosion ° ° a 2 Fatigue Cracks co © © 8 oF @ . Fretting (Heat Exchanger Tubing) 9 9 o Hot Cracking os 9 @ 3 o Hydrogen-Induced Cracking » 9 o 98 9 Interaranuar tress Corrosion Cracks ° Suse Corrosion cracks Trangranuianh OO 9 Welding Imperfections ‘Burn Traush ° ° ° Cracks o 6 9 2 of Evcessivenadequate Reinforcement . 2 9 ° 6 Incesions (Slag Tongten) 2 9 9 e683 Incorpiete Fusion a > 9 9 @ > 9 Incomplete Penetration > © © » © @ an) Misaignnen . 7 3 ‘veri 9 eo 8 ° Porosity . 3 eo 9 oe % Root Concaity . 2 9 5 0 © Unsere eo >) Se oo Product Form Imperfections Bursts (Forsings) o 8 8© 8 » »o a Cold huts (Castings ° oe 8 a 0 Cracks Vl Produ Forms co 8 8 8 8 8 oe Hot Tear (Castings) rr ee ee ry 68 Incision (All Preguct Forms) 9 9 © 9 o 8 Lamination (Pate, Poe) f 9 9 ° e 6 Lape (Forgings) ce 8 5 o 8 Porosity (Castings) ee e 8 2 8 Seas (Bar, Pipe ee ee ee ao Legend: AE — Acoustic Emission UTA Ultrasone Angle Beam ET Enetromagneve (Edoy Curent) UTS — Ultrasonic Straisht Beam MT Magnet Parc UT Uhre Tete easement 1 Radiography (0) Aivor most onsaratechngues wil detect this imperfection under allo mast conditions One more standorstechniqets sv tet tis mperection under certain conditions Special techniques, contin, andor personel qualification ae required to detect tis imperfection GENERAL NOTE: Table A110 [ists imperfections and NOE meted that ae capable a detecting them. 1 must be kept in nd that this table 'Sery general in nature. tay factors influence the detectability of imperecion. This tble assumes that only Qualifies pesontel are peor nondestructive examinations apd goed conditions exist fo germt examination (good acess, surface condos, cleanin, et ores: (1) ethods capable af detecting imperfections that are open to the surface onl (2) itehoas capable of detecting imperfections tat are ether open tothe surface o slightly sabsurface. (6) Methoss capable of detecting imperfections tat may be located anyahere within the examined volume (4) Various NDE melds are capable of eetecting tertiary (Bro stage creo and some, particulary sing special techniques, are capable of etecting secondary (2ed stage creep. There are various desrponfdeBntons for te stages of creep anda particular Sescrglonaetaion Sal pot be apptable to all material and product farms2007 SECTION ¥ ARTICLE 2 ARTICLE 2 RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION T2100 ‘The radiographic method described in this Anticle for «examination of materials including castings and welds shall, bbe used together with Article 1. General Requirements Definitions of terms used in this Article are in Mandatory Appendix V of this Article. Certain product-specific, technique-specific, and appli- cation-specific requirements are also given in other Manda- tory Appendices of this Anticle, as listed in the table of contents. These additional requirements shall also be com- plied with when an Appendix is applicable to the radi graphic or radioscopic examination being conducted. 7-220 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 7221 Procedure Requirements ‘T-221.1 Written Procedure. Radiographic examina tion shall be performed in accordance with a written proce- dure. Each procedure shall include at least the following information, as applicable (a) material type and thickness range (D) isotope oF maximum X-ray voltage used (c) source-to-object distance (D in T-274.1) () distance feom source side of object to film (din 1274.1) (e) source size (F in T-274.1) (f; film brand and designation (g) screens used '7-221.2 Procedure Demonstration. Demonstration of the density and image quality indicator (IQ) image require- ments ofthe written procedure on production or technique radiographs shall be considered satisfactory evidence of compliance with that procedure. 1-222 Surface Preparation ‘T-222.1 Materials Including Castings. Surfaces shal satisfy the requirements of the applicable materials speci- fication oF referencing Code Section, with additional condi- tioning, if necessary, by any suitable process to such a degree that the resulting radiographic image due to any surface inregularities cannot mask or be confused with the image of any discontinuity ‘T-222.2 Welds. The weld ripples or weld surface iregu- larites on both the inside (where accessible) and outside shall be removed by any suitable process to such a degree that the resulting radiographic image due to any surface iegularities cannot mask or be confused with the image of any discontinuity ‘The finished surface of all butt-welded joints may be flush with the base material or may have reasonably uni form crowns, with reinforcement not to exceed that speci- fied in the referencing Code Section. 7-223 Backscatter Radi A lead symbol “B." with minimum dimensions of in (15mm) in height and Yq in (15 mm) in thks, shall be attached to the back of each film holder during each cxposore to determine if backscatter radiation i exposing the film ‘7-224 System of Identification {A system shall be used to produce permanent identifica tion on the radiograph traceable tothe contract, component, weld or weld seam, of part numbers. as appropriate. In addition, the Manufacturer's symbol or name and the date ‘of the radiograph shal be plainly and permanently included ‘on the radiograph, This identification system does not nec: essarily require tha the information appear as radiographic images. In any case, this information shall not obscure the area of interest 7-225 Monitoring Densi Radiographs tations of Either a densitometer or step wedge comparison film shall be used for judging fm density 226 ‘The extent of radiographic examination shall be as speci- fied by the referencing Code Section Extent of Examination 1-230 EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS 1-231 Film ‘T-231.1 Selection. Radiographs shall be made using industrial radiographic film,ARTICLE 2 2007 SECTION V TABLE 7-233. HOLE-TYPE 101 DESIGNATION, THICKNESS, Ta IF Hole a1 Thickness, Diameter, Designation in (um) inn 5 0.005 (013) 0.010 (025) 10 0.010 (025) 0.010 1025) rr 0.0125 10.32) 0.0125 (0.32) 15 0.015 (0.38) 0.015 (038) v porrs(e4a) 0.0175 (048) 20 0.020 (051) 0.020 (051) 2s 0.025 (048) 0.025 (aa) 30 0.030 (076) 0.030 (0.76) 8 0.035 (0.89) 0.035 (0.89) a0 0.080 (2.02), 6.040 1.02 5 0.085 1.24) 0.085 (1.18) 50 0.050 01.27) 0.050 0.279 ro 0.060 1.52) 0.060 (1:52) 70 0.07078) 0.9070 «.78) 50 0.080 (203) 0.080 203) 100 0.100 (258) 0.100 (254) 220 0.120 (3.05) 0.120 (3.08) a0 0140 (3.56) 040 6.58) 160 0.160 4.06) 0.160 (4.06) 200 0.200 (5.08) 0.200 (5.08) 240 0.240 (6.10) 0.240 (610) 280, 0.260 7.11) 0.280 (7.0) ‘T-231.2 Processing. Standard Guide for Controlling the Quality of Industrial Radiographic Film Processing, ‘SE-999, or paragraphs 23 through 26 of Standard Guide for Radiographic Examination SE-94 shall be used as @ ‘guide for processing film, 7-232 __Intensifying Screens Intensifying screens may be used when performing radiographic examination in accordance with this Article, 1-233 Image Quality Indicator (IQN) Design T-233.1 Standard 1QI Design. 1QIs shall be either the hole type or the wire type. Hole-type IQls shall be manufac- tured and identified in accordance with the requirements for alternates allowed in SE-1025. Wire-type IQls shall be manufactured and identified in accordance with the requirements or alternates allowed in SE-747, except that the largest wire number or the identity number may be omitted. ASME standard IQIs shall consist of those in Table T-233.1 for hole type and those in Table T-2. for wite type. 1233.2 Alternative IQI Design. 1Qls designed and ‘manufactured in accordance with other national or interna- tional standards may be used provided the requirements of either (a) or (b) below, and the material requirements of T-276,1 are met AND HOLE DIAMETERS aT Hole Diameter, inn 0.020 (050) 0.020 (05) 0.020 (050) 0.025 (aa) 0.030 (0.76) 0.035 (0.89) 0.050 01.27), 0.060 1.529 0.070 1.78) 0.080 (2.03) 0.090 (229), 0.100 2.58) 0.120 (3.08) 0.200 6.08) 0.240 (610) 0.280 7.30) 0320 (6.3) 0.400 410.169 0.480 112.19) 0.560 (14.22) Sek Wire Diameter, in__(mm) 0.0032 (0.08) 2.008 (a0) 0.005 (013) 0.0069 (0.16) 0.008 (0.20) o.o10 (0.25) sae Wire 2 Diameter in. mm) 0.08 (102) 0950 127) 0.063 (60) 0.080 (203), 200 sa ‘aT Hole Diameter, in. (nm) 0.040 11.02) 0.040 1.02), 0.040 1.02) 0.050 «1.279 0.060 (1.52) 0.070 (78) 0.080 (2.03) 0.00 (254) 02120 (3.05) 0.140 (3.56) 060 1457) 0.200 (6.08) 0.240 (620) 0.280 (730) 0.400 110.169 0.480 112.19) 1.560 114.22) 0.640 (16.26) TABLE 7-233.2 WIRE IQ DESIGNATION, WIRE DIAMETER, AND WIRE IDENTITY Wire Identity Wire entity B 7 16 Wire Diameter, in 0.010 0.020 0.025 Wire Diameter, in 0.100 0.160 0.200 0.250 Sa8 (om (0.28) (033) cosy) (oon) cosy) S20 ov (24) G20) 4.00) 6.08) 35) ea Wire Letty 6 0 wire entity 6 v 18 20 22007 SECTION ¥ (a) Hole Type 10Is. The calculated Equivalent IQI Sen- sitivity (EPS), por SE-1025, Appendix Xi, is equal to or better than the required standard hole type IQL (b) Wire Type 10%. The alternative wire IQL essential wire diameter is equal te or less than the required standard 1Q1 essential wire 1-234 Facilities for Viewing of Radiographs Viewing facilities shall provide subdued background lighting ofan intensity that wil not cause reflections, shad ows. oF glare on the radiograph that interfere with the interpretation process. Equipment used to view radiographs for interpretation shall provide a variable light source suf- ficient for the essential IQI hole or designated wie to be visible for the specified density range. The viewing conditions shall be such that Tight from around the outer edge of the radiograph or coming through low-density Portions of the radiograph does not interfere with interpre: tation, 7260 CALIBRATION T-261 Source Size ‘T-261.1 Verification of Source Size. The equipment ‘manufacturers or supplier’ s publications, such as technical manuals, decay curves, of written statements documenting the actual or maximum source size or focal spot, shall be acceptable as source size verification, ‘T-261.2 Determination of Source Size. When manu: facturer’s or supplier's publications are not available, source size may be determined as follows (a) X-Ray Machines. For X-ray machines operating at 500 KV and less. the focal spot size may be determined by the pinhole method,’ or in accordance with SE-1165, Standard Test Method for Measurement of Focal Spots of Industrial X-Ray Tubes by Pinhole Imaging. (D) Iridium-192 Sources. For Wridium-192, the source size may be determined in accordance with SE-1114, Stan- dard Test Method for Determining the Focal Size of Iridium-192 Industrial Radiographic Sources. T2062 Densitometer a Comparison Film 'T-262.1 Densitometers. Densitometers shall be cali- brated at least every 90 days during use as follows: (a) A national standard step tablet or a step wedge calt- bration film, traceable fo a national standard step tablet and having at least 5 steps with neutral densities from at tep Wedge " Nondesttive Testing Handbook, Volume Fist Eition.pp 14.32 14.33 "Measuring Fol Spon Size” Alo pp. SD-21 of Raivgraphy Modern Indsry, Fours Eaton least 1.0 through 4.0, shall be used. The step wedge calibra- tion film shall have been verified within the last year by comparison with a national standaed step tablet unless prior to first use, it was maintained in the original light: tight and waterproof sealed package as supplied by the manufacturer. Step wedge calibration films may be used without verification for one year upon opening itis within the manufacturer's stated shelf life (b) The densitometer manufacturer's step-by-step instructions for the operation of the densitometer shall be followed, (c) The density steps closest 0 1.0, 2.0, 30, and 4.0 0n the national standard step tablet or step wedge calibration film shall be read. (d) The densitometer is acceptable if the density read- ings do not vary by more than + 0.05 density units from the actual density stated on the national standard step tablet fr step wedge calibration film, T-2622 Step Wedge Comparison Films. Step wedge comparison films shall be verified prior to frst use, unless performed by the manufacturer, as follows: (a) The density ofthe steps on a step wedge comparison film shall be verified by a calibrated densitometer. (b) The step wedge comparison film is acceptable if the density readings do not vary by more than + 0.1 density units from the density stated on the step wedge compari son fil, 7-262.3 Peri (a) Densitometers. Periodic cablibration verification checks shall be performed as described in T-262.1 at the beginning of each shift after 8 hr of continuous use. oF after change of apertures, whichever comes fist (b) Step Wedge Comparison Films. Verification checks shall be performed annually per T-262.2. Verification T-262.4 Documentation (a) Densitometers. Densitometer calibrations required bby’T-262.1 shall be documented, but the actual readings for each step do not have to be recorded. Periodic densitometer verification checks required by T-262.3(a) do not have 10 be documented, (b) Step Wedge Calibration Films. Step wedge ealib tion film verifications required by T-262. (a) shall be docu ‘mented, but the actual readings for each step do not have to be recorded, (c) Step Wedge Comparison Films. Step wedge compar- ison film verifications required by T-262.2 and T-262.3(b) shall be documented. but the actual readings for each step do not have to be recorded,ARTICLE 2 1270 EXAMINATION T-271 Radiographic Technique? A single-wall exposure technique shall be used for radi= ‘ography whenever practical. When it is not practical to use a single-wall technique, a double-wall technique shall bbe used. An adequate numberof exposures shall be made to demonstrate that the required coverage has been obtained ‘T-271.1 Single-Wall Technique. In the single-wall technique. the radiation passes through only one wall of the weld (material), which is viewed for acceptance on the radiograph, 1-271.2 Double-Wall Technique. When it is not prac- tical to use a single-wall technique, one of the following ddouble-wall techniques shall be used. (a) Single-Wall Viewing, For materials and for welds in components, a technique may be used in which the radiation passes through two walls and only the weld (mate- rial) on the film-side wall is viewed for acceptance on the radiograph. When complete coverage is required for circumferential welds (materials), a minimum of three exposures taken 120 deg to each other shall be made. (b) Double-Wall Viewing. For materials and for welds, in components 3/3 in, (89 mm) or less in nominal outside diameter, a technique may be used in which the radiation passes through two walls and the weld (material) in both walls is viewed for acceptance on the same radiograph, For double-wall viewing, only a source-side QI shall be used, Care should be exercised to ensure that the required ‘geometric unsharpness is not exceeded. If the geometric uunsharpness requirement cannot be met, then single-wall Viewing shall be used. (1) For welds. the radiation beam may be offset from the plane of the weld at an angle sufficient to separate the images of the source-side and film-side portions of the ‘weld so that there is no overlap of the areas to be interpre= ted. When complete coverage is required, a minimum of two exposures taken 90 deg to each other shall be made for each joint (2) Asan alternative, the weld may be radiographed with the radiation beam positioned so that the images of both walls are superimposed. When complete coverage is required, a minimum of three exposures taken at either 60 deg of 120 deg to each other shall be made for each joint (4). Additional exposures shall be made if the required. radiographic coverage cannot be obtained using the mini- ‘mum number of exposures indicated in (b)(1) or (b)(2) above. Sketches showing suggested source, film, apd IQ placements for pipe ortube welds ae lutte in Arik 2, Nemandarory Append A 2007 SECTION ¥ T27 Radi n Energy ‘The radiation energy employed for any radiographic technique shall achieve the density and IQI image require- iments of this Anite 7273 Direction of Radi The direction of the central beam of radiation should be centered on the area of interest whenever practical. 7.274 Geometric Unsharpness 1-274. Geometric Unsharpness Determination. Geomettic unsharpness of the radiograph shall be deter- ‘mined in accordance with: U, = Fa/D where U, = geometric unsharpness F = source size: the maximum projected dimension of the radiating source (or effective focal spot) in the plane perpendicular to the distance D from the weld or object being radiographed D = distance from source of radiation o weld or object being radiographed 4 = distance from source side of weld or object being radiographed to the film D and d shall be determined at the approximate center of the area of interest. NOTE: Alematvely. » nomograph as shown in Standard Gude fr Radiographic Examination SE-94 may be ase, ‘T-274.2 Geometric Unsharpness Limitations. Rec ‘ommended maximum values for geometric unsharpness are as follows: Matra o Thickness in (mmm) Maximum in (rs) Under 250) ‘0020 (051) 2 trough 3 (50-75) (0030 (0.6) (Over 3 though 4 (78-100) ‘0.040 (1.02) Greater han #100) om 4.8) NOTE: Material thickness the thickness on which the IQL is based 7-275 Location Markers Location markers (see Fig. T-275), which are to appear as radiographic images on the film, shall be placed on the part, not on the exposure holder/cassette. Their locations shall be permanently marked on the surface of the part being radiographed when permitted, or on a map, ina ‘manner permitting the area of interest on a radiograph to be accurately traceable to its location on the part, for the required retention period of the radiograph. Evidence shallARTICLE 2 2007 SECTION V }- —se199 wevoduies ‘Nao, w stz1.298) - ajgerda02eun aigeidao0e fa PIS wis 2pis aasn0s. Samay / \ | \ SIHOLINS NIB NOLLVIO1 SZ2-4 “914ARTICLE? also be provided on the radiograph that the required cover- .¢ ofthe region being examined has been obtained, Loca- tion markers shall be placed as follows 278.1 Single-Wall Viewing, {w) Source-Side Markers. Location markers shall be ced on the source side when radiographing the fol- lowing (1) at components or longitudinal joins in eylindri- ceil oF conical components: (2) curved or spherical components whose concave side is toward the source and when the "source-to-material distance is fess than the inside radius of the component: (3) curved or spherical components whose convex Side is toward the source. tb) Film Side Markers (J) Location markers shall be placed om the film side \when radiographing either curved or spherical components whose concave side is towatd the source and when the ‘source-to-material” distance is greater than the inside radius (2) Asan alternative to source-side placement in T-275.11a)i1), location markers may be placed on the film side when the radiograph shows coverage beyond the loca- tion markers to the extent demonstrated by Fig. T-275, sketch (e), and when this alternate is documented in accor- dance with T-291 (e) Either Side Markers, Location markers may be placed on either the source side or film side when radio- _sraphing either curved or spherical components whose con- ‘eave side is toward the source and the “source-to-material” distance equals the inside radius of the component. ‘T-275.2 Double-Wall Viewing. For double-wall view: ing, at least one location marker shall be placed adjacent to the weld (or on the material in the area of interest) for each radiograph, 1.275.3 Mapping the Placement of Location Mark- ‘ers, When inaccessibility or other limitations prevent the placement of markers as stipulated in T-275.1 and T-275.2, ‘a dimensioned map of the actual marker placement shall accompany the radiographs to show that full coverage has been obtained 1276 IQ Selection ‘T-276.1 Material. [QIs shall be selected from either the same alloy material group or grade as identified in 1025, oF SE-747. as applicable, oF from an alloy mate- group or grade with less radiation absorption than the radiographed, ize. The designated hole 1QI or essential wire shall be as specified in Table T-276, A thinner of thicker hole-type IQI may be substituted for any section thickness 12007 SECTION V listed in Table T-276, provided is maintained. See T-283.2, (a)_ Welds With Reinforcements. The thickness on which the 1Q1 i based is the nominal single-wall thickness plus te estimated weld reinforcement not to exceed the maxi- ‘mum permitted by the referencing Code Section. Backing rings oF strips shall not be considered as part ofthe thick- ness in IQI selection. The actual measurement of the weld reinforcement is not required. (6). Welds Without Reinforcements. The thickness on ‘which the IQs based is the nominal sngle-wall thickness. Backing rings or strips shall not be considered as part of the weld thickness in 1QI selection equivalent 1QI sensitiv T-276.3 Welds Joining Dissimilar Materials or Welds With Dissimilar Filler Metal. When the weld metal is of an alloy group or grade that has a radiation attenuation that difers from the base material, the 1Q1 ‘material selection shall be based on the weld metal and be in accordance with T-276.1. When the density limits of T-282.2 cannot be met with one 1QI. and the exceptional density area(s) is at the interface of the weld metal and the base metal, the material selection for the additional 1Qls shall be based on the base material and be in accor dance with T-276.1 T-277 Use of IQIs to Monitor Radiographic Examination T-277.1 Placement of IQIs (a) Source-Side 101s). The 1QUS) shall be placed on the source side of the part being examined, except for the condition described in T-277.1(b). When, due to part or weld configuration or size, itis not practical to place the IQU(s) on the part or weld, the IQI(s) may be placed on a separate block. Separate blocks shall be made of the same or radiographically similar mate- rials (as defined in SE-1025) and may be used to facilitate IQI positioning. There is no restriction on the separate block thickness, provided the IQI/area-of-interest density tolerance requirements of T-282.2 are met. (1) The 1QI on the source side of the separate block shall be placed no closer to the film than the source side of the part being radiograph. (2) The separate block shall be placed as close as possible to the part being radiographed. (2) When hole-type IQIs are used. the block dimen sions shall exceed the 1QI dimensions such that the outline of atleast three sides of the IQI image shall be visible on the radiograph, (b) Film-Side IQ1(s). Where inaccessibility prevents hnand placing the IQI(s) on the source side, the IQI(s) shall ‘be placed on the film side in contact with the part being ‘examined, A lead letter “F” shall be placed adjacent to or2007 SECTION V ARTICLE 2 TABLE T-276 101 SELECTION Tal Nominal Single-Wall Souree Side Fim side Material Thickness Range “Hole-Type WireType Hote Type WireType ie a Designation Essential Wie Designation __Essental Wire 1p t0 0.25, na p10 6.4, in 2 5 10 4 Over 0.25 trough 0.375 Over 6.4 throws 9.5 15 é 2 5 Over 0.375 though 0.50 Over 9.5 through 12.7 v 7 15 ‘ (ver 0150 trough 0.75 (ver 12:7 through 19.0 20 8 "7 7 Over 0.75 trout 2.00, (ver 19.0 trough 25.4 25 9 20 8 (ver 1.00 through 1.50, (ver 25.4 trough 38.1 30 © 25 9 ‘ver 150 thr 2.00, (Over 38.1 trough 50.8 38 n 30 0 Over 2.00 trough 2.50 (Over 50.8 trough 63.5, 40 2 35 n Over 2.50 trough 4.00 (ver 63.5 trough 103.6 so B 2 (ver 4.00 trough 6.00 Over 102.6 trough 152.4 60 18 B (ver 6.00 trough 6.00 Over 1524 trough 203.2 80 le 4” (ver 8.00 through 10.00 Over 203.2 through 2540 100 v 16 (ver 10.00 through 12.00 Over 258.0 trough 304.8 120 18 v (Over 12.00 through 16.00 Over 308.8 trough 806.4 160 20 18 (ver 16.00 through 20.00 Over 406.4 trough 508.0 200 21 20 fon the IQU(s}, but shall not mask the essential hole where hole IQISs are used. (e) IOI Placement for Welds — Hole IQls. The 1QUs) ‘may be placed adjacent to or on the weld. The identification ‘number(s) and, when used. the lead Jeter “F.” shall not be inthe areaof interest, except when geometric vonfiguration makes it impractical (d) IQI Placement for Welds ~ Wire IIs, The 1QUS) shall be placed on the weld so that the length of the wires is perpendicular tothe length of the weld, The identification numbers and. when used, the lead letter “F.” shall not be inthe area of interest, except when geometric configuration makes it impractical {e) IOI Placement for Materials Other Tham Welds. The 1QUs) with the 1QI identification number(s), and, when used. the lead letter “F." may be placed in the area of ‘T-277.2. Number of IQs. When one oF more film hold crs are used for an exposure. at least one IQI image shall appear on each radiograph except as outlined in (b) below. (a) Multiple 1Qts. the requirements of T-282 are met by using more than one IQI, one shall be representative of the lightest area of interest and the other the darkest area of interest the intervening densities on the radiograph shall be considered as having avceptable density (b) Special Cases’ (1) For eylindrical components where the source is placed on the axis of the component for a single exposure, at least three IQIs, spaced approximately 120 deg apart are required under the following conditions: " efer wo Noamandtory Appendix for addtional guides (a) When the complete circumference is radio- rraphed using one or more film holders, of (b) When a section or sections of the circumer- ence, where the length between the ends of the out seetions span 240 oF more deg. is radiographed using (or more film holders. Additional film locations may be required to obiain necessary 1QI spacing. (2) For eylindrical components where the source is placed on the axis of the component for a single exposure, at least three IQIs, with one placed at each end of the span of the circumference radiographed and one in the approximate center of the span, are required under the Tollowing conditions: (a) When a section of the circumferenee, the length ‘of which is greater than 120 deg and less than 240 deg. is radiographed using just one film holder. or: (b) When a section or sections of the circumfer- cence. where the length between the ends of the outermost sections span less than 240 deg. is radiographed using more than one film holder. (3) In.) and (2) abow nal welds adjoining the circumferential weld are radio ‘graphed simultaneously with the circumferential weld, an Additional IQI shall be placed on each longitudinal weld at the end of the section most remote from the junction with the circumferential weld being radiographed. (4) Por spherical components where the source is, placed at the center of the component fora single exposure. at least three IQIs, spaced approximately 120 dew apart are required under the following conditions: (a) When a complete circumference is radio- ‘eraphed using one or more film holers, oF: ‘where sections of longitudi{) When a section or sections of a circumference, where the length betwet spat 240 oF more deg. i radiographed using one or more film holders. Additional film locations may be required to jobtain necessary IQ1 spacing (5) For spherical components where the source is placed atthe center of the component for a single exposure, fat least three IQIs, with one placed at each end of the radiographed span of the circumference radiographed and fone in the approximate center of the span. are required under the following conditions: fa) When a section of a circumference, the length of which i than 120 deg and less than 240 deg. is radiographed using just one film holder. or: hy When a section of sections of a circumference, ‘where the length between the ends of the outermost sections span less than 240 deg is radiographed using more than ‘one film holder (6) In) and (5) above, where other welds are radio. graphed simultaneously withthe circumferential weld, one Additional 1QI shall be placed on each other weld, (7) For segments of a flat or curved (i.e. ellipsoidal torispherical,toriconical, elliptical ete.) component where the source is placed perpendicular to the center of a length ‘of weld for a single exposure when using more than three film holders. at least three IQIs. one placed at each end of the radiographed span and one in the approximate center ff the span. ate required. (8) When an array of components in a cirele is radio- ‘graphed. at least one [QI shall show on each component image. (9) In onder 10 maintain the continuity of records involving subsequent exposures all radiographs exhibiting TQIs that qualify the techniques permitted in accordance with (1) through (7) above stall be retained. ‘T-277.3 Shims Under Hole IQIs. For welds, @ shim ‘of material radiographically similar tothe weld metal shall be placed between the part and the IQIL if needed, so that the radiographic density throughout the area of interest is rho more than minus 1S¢% from (lighter than) the radio- graphic density through the IQH The shim dimensions shall exceed the 1QI dimensions such thatthe outfne of atleast throe sides ofthe IQ image shall be visible in the radiograph, the end ofthe outermost sections 280) T281 EVALUATION Quality of Radiographs Allradiographis shall be free from mechanical, chemical, for ether blemishes to the extent that they do not mask and not confused with the image of any discontinuity in the area of interest of the object being radiographed. Such blemishes include. but are not limited to: 2007 SECTION ¥ (a) fogging: (b) processing defects such as streaks, watermarks, or chemical stains: (c) scratches. finger marks, crimps. dirtiness, static marks. smudges, oF tears (a) false indications due to defective screens 1-282 Radiographic Density T-282.1 Density Limitations. The transmitted film

También podría gustarte

• Her Body and Other Parties: Stories

  

  De Everand

  Her Body and Other Parties: Stories

  Carmen Maria Machado

  Calificación: 4 de 5 estrellas

  4/5 (821)
• Rise of ISIS: A Threat We Can't Ignore

  

  De Everand

  Rise of ISIS: A Threat We Can't Ignore

  Jay Sekulow

  Calificación: 3.5 de 5 estrellas

  3.5/5 (137)
• Sing, Unburied, Sing: A Novel

  

  De Everand

  Sing, Unburied, Sing: A Novel

  Jesmyn Ward

  Calificación: 4 de 5 estrellas

  4/5 (1103)
• • Revistas
  • Podcasts
  • Partituras
• The Sympathizer: A Novel (Pulitzer Prize for Fiction)

  

  De Everand

  The Sympathizer: A Novel (Pulitzer Prize for Fiction)

  Viet Thanh Nguyen

  Calificación: 4.5 de 5 estrellas

  4.5/5 (120)
• A Man Called Ove: A Novel

  

  De Everand

  A Man Called Ove: A Novel

  Fredrik Backman

  Calificación: 4.5 de 5 estrellas

  4.5/5 (4609)
• A Heartbreaking Work Of Staggering Genius: A Memoir Based on a True Story

  

  De Everand

  A Heartbreaking Work Of Staggering Genius: A Memoir Based on a True Story

  Dave Eggers

  Calificación: 3.5 de 5 estrellas

  3.5/5 (231)
• The Light Between Oceans: A Novel

  

  De Everand

  The Light Between Oceans: A Novel

  M.L. Stedman

  Calificación: 4.5 de 5 estrellas

  4.5/5 (789)
• A Tree Grows in Brooklyn

  

  De Everand

  A Tree Grows in Brooklyn

  Betty Smith

  Calificación: 4.5 de 5 estrellas

  4.5/5 (1929)
• The Outsider: A Novel

  

  De Everand

  The Outsider: A Novel

  Stephen King

  Calificación: 4 de 5 estrellas

  4/5 (1839)
• Devil in the Grove: Thurgood Marshall, the Groveland Boys, and the Dawn of a New America

  

  De Everand

  Devil in the Grove: Thurgood Marshall, the Groveland Boys, and the Dawn of a New America

  Gilbert King

  Calificación: 4.5 de 5 estrellas

  4.5/5 (266)
• On Fire: The (Burning) Case for a Green New Deal

  

  De Everand

  On Fire: The (Burning) Case for a Green New Deal

  Naomi Klein

  Calificación: 4 de 5 estrellas

  4/5 (73)
• The World Is Flat 3.0: A Brief History of the Twenty-first Century

  

  De Everand

  The World Is Flat 3.0: A Brief History of the Twenty-first Century

  Thomas L. Friedman

  Calificación: 3.5 de 5 estrellas

  3.5/5 (2259)
• Little Women

  

  De Everand

  Little Women

  Louisa May Alcott

  Calificación: 4 de 5 estrellas

  4/5 (104)
• The Hard Thing About Hard Things: Building a Business When There Are No Easy Answers

  

  De Everand

  The Hard Thing About Hard Things: Building a Business When There Are No Easy Answers

  Ben Horowitz

  Calificación: 4.5 de 5 estrellas

  4.5/5 (344)
• Wolf Hall: A Novel

  

  De Everand

  Wolf Hall: A Novel

  Hilary Mantel

  Calificación: 4 de 5 estrellas

  4/5 (3811)
• Shoe Dog: A Memoir by the Creator of Nike

  

  De Everand

  Shoe Dog: A Memoir by the Creator of Nike

  Phil Knight

  Calificación: 4.5 de 5 estrellas

  4.5/5 (537)
• The Woman in Cabin 10

  

  De Everand

  The Woman in Cabin 10

  Ruth Ware

  Calificación: 3.5 de 5 estrellas

  3.5/5 (2322)
• Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln

  

  De Everand

  Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln

  Doris Kearns Goodwin

  Calificación: 4.5 de 5 estrellas

  4.5/5 (234)
• Fear: Trump in the White House

  

  De Everand

  Fear: Trump in the White House

  Bob Woodward

  Calificación: 3.5 de 5 estrellas

  3.5/5 (738)
• Hidden Figures: The American Dream and the Untold Story of the Black Women Mathematicians Who Helped Win the Space Race

  

  De Everand

  Hidden Figures: The American Dream and the Untold Story of the Black Women Mathematicians Who Helped Win the Space Race

  Margot Lee Shetterly

  Calificación: 4 de 5 estrellas

  4/5 (895)
• The Little Book of Hygge: Danish Secrets to Happy Living

  

  De Everand

  The Little Book of Hygge: Danish Secrets to Happy Living

  Meik Wiking

  Calificación: 3.5 de 5 estrellas

  3.5/5 (399)
• The Constant Gardener: A Novel

  

  De Everand

  The Constant Gardener: A Novel

  John le Carré

  Calificación: 3.5 de 5 estrellas

  3.5/5 (104)
• Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance

  

  De Everand

  Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance

  Angela Duckworth

  Calificación: 4 de 5 estrellas

  4/5 (588)
• Manhattan Beach: A Novel

  

  De Everand

  Manhattan Beach: A Novel

  Jennifer Egan

  Calificación: 3.5 de 5 estrellas

  3.5/5 (792)
• The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer

  

  De Everand

  The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer

  Siddhartha Mukherjee

  Calificación: 4.5 de 5 estrellas

  4.5/5 (271)
• The Yellow House: A Memoir (2019 National Book Award Winner)

  

  De Everand

  The Yellow House: A Memoir (2019 National Book Award Winner)

  Sarah M. Broom

  Calificación: 4 de 5 estrellas

  4/5 (98)
• Yes Please

  

  De Everand

  Yes Please

  Amy Poehler

  Calificación: 4 de 5 estrellas

  4/5 (1891)
• John Adams

  

  De Everand

  John Adams

  David McCullough

  Calificación: 4.5 de 5 estrellas

  4.5/5 (2409)
• The Perks of Being a Wallflower

  

  De Everand

  The Perks of Being a Wallflower

  Stephen Chbosky

  Calificación: 4.5 de 5 estrellas

  4.5/5 (2101)
• Never Split the Difference: Negotiating As If Your Life Depended On It

  

  De Everand

  Never Split the Difference: Negotiating As If Your Life Depended On It

  Chris Voss

  Calificación: 4.5 de 5 estrellas

  4.5/5 (838)
• The Subtle Art of Not Giving a F*ck: A Counterintuitive Approach to Living a Good Life

  

  De Everand

  The Subtle Art of Not Giving a F*ck: A Counterintuitive Approach to Living a Good Life

  Mark Manson

  Calificación: 4 de 5 estrellas

  4/5 (5794)
• The Unwinding: An Inner History of the New America

  

  De Everand

  The Unwinding: An Inner History of the New America

  George Packer

  Calificación: 4 de 5 estrellas

  4/5 (45)
• Principles: Life and Work

  

  De Everand

  Principles: Life and Work

  Ray Dalio

  Calificación: 4 de 5 estrellas

  4/5 (599)
• Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future

  

  De Everand

  Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future

  Ashlee Vance

  Calificación: 4.5 de 5 estrellas

  4.5/5 (474)
• Angela's Ashes: A Memoir

  

  De Everand

  Angela's Ashes: A Memoir

  Frank McCourt

  Calificación: 4.5 de 5 estrellas

  4.5/5 (440)
• Bad Feminist: Essays

  

  De Everand

  Bad Feminist: Essays

  Roxane Gay

  Calificación: 4 de 5 estrellas

  4/5 (1015)
• Brooklyn: A Novel

  

  De Everand

  Brooklyn: A Novel

  Colm Tóibín

  Calificación: 3.5 de 5 estrellas

  3.5/5 (1937)
• The Art of Racing in the Rain: A Novel

  

  De Everand

  The Art of Racing in the Rain: A Novel

  Garth Stein

  Calificación: 4 de 5 estrellas

  4/5 (4200)
• The Glass Castle: A Memoir

  

  De Everand

  The Glass Castle: A Memoir

  Jeannette Walls

  Calificación: 4.5 de 5 estrellas

  4.5/5 (1712)
• The Gifts of Imperfection: Let Go of Who You Think You're Supposed to Be and Embrace Who You Are

  

  De Everand

  The Gifts of Imperfection: Let Go of Who You Think You're Supposed to Be and Embrace Who You Are

  Brené Brown

  Calificación: 4 de 5 estrellas

  4/5 (1090)
• Steve Jobs

  

  De Everand

  Steve Jobs

  Walter Isaacson

  Calificación: 4.5 de 5 estrellas

  4.5/5 (806)
• Manual Seguridad Diarqco PDF

  

  Documento60 páginas

  Manual Seguridad Diarqco PDF

  razouriel

  100% (3)
• C Manual

  

  Documento56 páginas

  C Manual

  zagl660802

  Aún no hay calificaciones
• Tesis Intercambiadores

  

  Documento192 páginas

  Tesis Intercambiadores

  zagl660802

  Aún no hay calificaciones
• Ensayos No Destructivos

  

  Documento57 páginas

  Ensayos No Destructivos

  Ivan Venegas Oriano

  Aún no hay calificaciones
• Protecciondetanquesatmosfericos

  

  Documento109 páginas

  Protecciondetanquesatmosfericos

  Anonymous w4ZnisPlaz

  100% (2)
• Energia Vapor

  

  Documento123 páginas

  Energia Vapor

  zagl660802

  Aún no hay calificaciones
• Diseño y Cálculo de Intercambiadores de Calor - INGLESA

  

  Documento201 páginas

  Diseño y Cálculo de Intercambiadores de Calor - INGLESA

  Hebert Ccahuana

  Aún no hay calificaciones
• Engineering - Handbook of Steam Power Plant

  

  Documento302 páginas

  Engineering - Handbook of Steam Power Plant

  Shailendra Pratap Singh

  Aún no hay calificaciones