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Acknowledgements
All the praises and gratitude are for the almighty, ALLAH who gives me the ability, strength and enough potential to complete this Internship Report.
I am incredibly thankful to my supervisor Sir Shahbaz and all of my teachers for their sympathetic behavior, reward less help, precious suggestions, constant encouragement, personal interest and precise guidelines that enable me to complete this task.
I want to say special thanks to the Industrial Engineering and Production Planning & Control Department of Masood Textile Mills Ltd for offering me lot of opportunities to learn the technical skills and learn how to apply my theoretical knowledge in practical work. I am very thankful to;
Muhammad Shakoor
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Dedication
I dedicate all my effort to my father who gives me strength in all walks of life throughout my childhood to present, who raise hands for me in darkness of night when I sleep with sweet dreams, who teach me working hard with commitment, who bear all the pain for my gain and to my mother who take care of me more than any other person in this world, who feel and fulfill my requirements before I say a single word, who encourage me in every event of my life, who educate me the loyalty, tolerance and forgiveness and to my brothers and sisters who contribute all their resources for my success, who give me guidance, love and respect.
Muhammad Shakoor
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EXECTIVE SUMMARY
The Report illustrates a broader as well as detailed view about a prominent textile business organization especially in Apparel sector in manufacturing and Export concern. The Report can be helpful for the person who wants to know about the market nature, market analysis and what are the things which are required for the marketing and production of apparel product. This Report provides a solution in taking general idea about garment products.
The Report is based on facts and figures of Masood Textile Mills Ltd. (Mills Division). It is vertically integrated textile unit. MTM has its own Spinning, Knitting, Processing, Stitching and Finishing Divisions. Masood Textile Mills was established in 1984 as a Spinning mills and in 1994 its started its worldwide popular Garments business. MTM is a sole proprietorship of Mr. Shahid Nazir (CEO). The famous Products of MTM are Yarn, Fabric, and Apparels. MTM has worldwide renowned customer in garments like Sears, JC Penny, Next, Nautica, Dockers and Vantage. MTM is currently having with 85% of production, exported to the U.S while rest 15% to Europe.
MTM is WRAP certified and ISO 9002 certified as well. Masood Textile Mills Masood Textile Mills is the only textile mill in Pakistan with latest computerized Barcode System that assures quality in every operation of production from spinning to packing. Products of each department carry bar coded stickers, which bear all the details and history of the operations of that insures quality at every end.
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From almost non-existence at the time of creation of pakistan in 1947, the textile industry has grown into the largest and most significant economic sector of pakistan. The textile industry contributes over 60% to Pakistans exports, over 38% to employment and 20% to value-added production by manufacturing. This domination role of the textile sector in the economy of Pakistan, for better or wrose will continue till such time that other economic activities achieve significant growth and development. The textile industry will continue to play an important role in economy of Pakistan.
COTTON GROWER:
Pakistan is one of the four largest cotton growers in the world. Availability of large quantity (around 10 million bales per annum) of reasonable quality is the basis of the development and sustenance of the
Textile industry is labor intensive. Pakistan, the advantage of a large labor force with one of the lowest wages in the world. Textile production will continue to grow in the developing countries since the developed
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countries are giving it up in favor of more technology oriented and value added economic activities.
1973
Spinning Garments
1984 1994
1994
1994
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COMPANY PROFILE
Head Office:
Fabric Mill:
Sargodha Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Phones :( 92-41) 8787931-34, 8783890, 8787391 Fax :( 92-41) 781361
Lahore Office:
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INTRODUCTION History:
Mr. Nazir is the Founder of MTM Group, who took the initiative to give a start for Spinning in 1984 as MTM which was expanded up till Processing/Dying in 1989 and he concentrated over fabrication for almost a decade. It is vertically integrated textile unit. It has its own spinning, knitting, processing and stitching units. Initially it was engaged only in spinning. But in 1993 company changed its strategy in adding up most process and disposed off three spinning units. In 1994 company made its own garments units with only 35 stitching machines but today it has about 3000 stitching machines of different brands. All credit of this success goes to visionary personality of Mr. Shahid Nazir, the Chief Executive of the company.
In 1994, Mr. Shahid Nazir kept a milestone of Apparel Division (Garments => Cutting, Stitching, Finishing & packing). Gradually with his hard work and long hours working brought Masood among the prominent knit Wear Industry of the country.
MTM strives to lead in creating, developing and manufacturing of knitted apparel products right from basic to highly fashioned garments thus responding to emerging trends in the industry. MTM translates conceptual ideas of customers into reality and shape them through our technical bent and professional acumen. The team here strongly believes that Customer satisfaction is the essence of business today. MTM has the technology with expertise, products with knowledge and most importantly the right mindset to achieve total customer satisfaction.
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VISION
TO BE THE WORLDs BEST APPAREL COMPANY Our vision is of continual improvement and sustained growth, and of a family of workers. Who are given the best compensation benefits and working conditions in the region? In this respect, MTM continues to emphasize the need to invest in and develop its most precious resource - its human capital. MTM continues to provide training courses and self-enhancement opportunities for all our workers.
MISSION STATEMENT
Our mission is to be a dynamic, profitable and growth oriented company by providing good return on investment to its shareholder and investors quality products to its customers, a secured and friendly environment place of work to its employees and to project Pakistans image in the international market.
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ORGANIZATION VALUES
Respect for the; Individual Integrity Speed Simplicity Self-assuredness 100% commitment
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PRODUCTS
YARN: Masood textile produces highest quality yarn to be bothered the core values of customers.
FABRICS:
To pursue the highest quality in their vision Masood textile produces following types of fabric to be used in the production of garments.
Single Jersey Bird eye Jersey Single Pique / pique Locast Honey Combed pique
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LOUNGEWEAR:
Top apparel companies present Masoods loungewear as the most comfortable stuff and sell it with the tag of Ralph Lauren, Calvin Klein and Tommy Hilfiger.
ATHLETIC:
Our pro-cotton, blended and polar fabrics when stitched by our skilled hands become a rich source of ease, flexibility and vigor.
SPORTSWEAR:
Sport was never so entertaining. Our yarn dyed Polos, fashioned crew necks and pants have added more delight to the world of sports.
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GARMENTS:
Our pro-cotton, blended and polar fabrics when stitched by our skilled hands become a rich source of ease, flexibility and vigor. One can fine enough energy and more drive while wearing Masoods garments.
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MAIN CUSTOMERS Masood is proud to work with the worlds best labels. This exposure to the brand labels has been a continuous learning experience for the entire team. Currently, 85% of production is exported to the U.S. while rest 15% to Europe.
Champion
Chaps
Calvin Klein
Dockers
GAP
Hanes
JC Penney
Levi's
Nautica
Polo
Polo R.L
Russell
Speedo
Tommy Hilfiger
Tom Tailor
Vantage
Sears
Jockey
Guess
Foot Locker
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EMPLOYEES
Permanent Employees
Mi l l s Garments
3900 7669
TOTAL
11569
Mi l l s Garments
400 3295
TOTAL
3695
Grand Total
= 15,264
Estimated that more than 16,000 employees are working in Masood Textile Mills. Source: www.masoodtextile.com
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Besides, MTM is one of the few fully vertical textile mills in Pakistan having inhouse Yarn, Knitting, Fabric dyeing, Processing, and Laundry and Apparel Manufacturing facilities. The vertically integrated operations help us in achieving shorter lead times and greater flexibility to cater to the customers demand.
Vertical Operations
Spinning Knitting gFabric Dying Processing Laundry Cuttin
Mills
Apparel Division
EXPERIENCED PROFESSIONALS
The MTM Team comprises a balanced blend of experienced professionals including over 300 MBAs, Textile Engineers and Industrial Engineers. Continuous training and development keeps them abreast with modern technical and management tools.
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A very aggressive and creative R&D department is always busy in exploring innovative product development enabling Masood to be ahead of many in the field. Our keen, extensive and aggressive Merchandising team comprising experienced and trained Executives functions with the core objective of rendering ultimate customer satisfaction through product development and smooth execution of orders. They are capable and keen to meet an average 3~4 days lead time for proto samples.
Masood, as a corporate citizen, recognizes and believes in fulfilling its responsibility towards the society and the environment. An effluent treatment plant is in the phase of completion. The compliance standards of international community are fully implemented and ensured at all times.
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DIRECTORS
Sr. Managers
Managers
Deputy Managers
Assistant Managers
Sr. Officers
Officers
Asst. Officers
Management Trainees
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E1 = E2 = E3 = E4 =
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER (CEO) DIRECTORS GENERAL MANAGERS (GM) DEPUTY GENERAL MANAGERS (DGM)
M LEVEL
M1 = M2 = M3 = M4 = M5 = M6=
SENIOR MANAGERS MANAGERS SENIOR DEPUTY MANAGERS / DEPUTY MANAGERS (DM) SENIOR ASSISTANT MANAGERS / ASSISTANT MANAGERS SENIOR OFFICER / OFFICER ASSISTANT OFFICER / MANAGEMENT TRAINEES
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MTM
INFRUSTRUCTURE
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INFRASTRUCTURE
To produce quality goods and that too on time, you need a good production facility, capable of taking on any challenge thrown at you. In this regard, MTM Exports possesses the best infrastructure that has the ability and potential to give you quality products.
MTMs manufacturing process has been vertically integrated to facilitate all the processes involved in garment manufacturing under one roof. This enables MTM to reduce the time spent in completing your orders. All machines are the latest available in the market, and whenever required, MTM export has never shied away from purchasing the most modern equipments. All MTM divisions are equipped with the latest equipments to maintain the high quality standards that we have set for ourselves.
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MTM
DIVISION
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DIVISIONS
Masood is a truly Vertically Integrated Textile Unit. It has in-house Yarn, Knitting, and Fabric Dyeing, processing, Apparel Manufacturing and Laundry facilities. The Company has five Subs and a highly qualified experienced mills manager heads each unit. All Mills Managers in turn report to the General Manager. The objective to operate in this manner is that there is a close co-ordination and link between all the divisions. Every unit operates in the most efficient manner in-order to achieve competitive prices, timely delivery and quality products.
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SPINNING
Masood has invested in growing and ginning of cotton. The company would ask the growers to sow the most suitable cotton variety for knitted products. With the help of ginning process, we procure the raw cotton for whole year. This helps to provide the Consistent quality products for customers through out the year. Total number of spindles 14400 Per day Production Capacity of : Carded Yarn Combed Yarn 25,000 lbs 10,000 lbs
Yarn counts range from 10/s to 40/s Equipped with most modern machinery from Japan, England and Switzerland. The Laboratory is fully equipped with most modern testing equipment. 60% of yarn is exported to Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, Malaysia and Thailand. 40% is converted in- house into Fabric and Garments.
SPINNING PROCESS:
Spinning is the process by which raw cotton is converted into yarn.
Cotton:
Cotton is different in different areas according to its characteristics. Parameters of cotton are different in different areas. Some parameters of cotton are as under: Length Color Moisture Age Floating fiber numbers
Departments in Spinning:
Sequence of departments in spinning process is different for Carded and Combed Yarn.
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Carded Yarn:
Carded yarn is not as fine and finished as combed yarn. It contains a large number of short fibers.
Combed Yarn:
Combed yarn is different from carded yarn in that it has very small number of short fibers. Many short fibers are removed from it. It is more fine, finished and strong.
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Mixing Hall:
It is big hall in which cotton is mixed by different machines. Sorting is done by hand to remove contamination. Contamination consists of wrappers, shopper, feathers, hair, polythene etc.
It is difficult to remove contamination completely. An estimate of contamination is as follows: 2 grams per bale (colored contamination) 11 grams per bale (jute contamination)
Blow Room:
In blow room, dust, sand, seed, trashes, leaves, stamps are removed. 6% is the capacity to remove in the blow room. Beater machine is used here.
There is 50% humidity in blow room. Tuft to tuft opening is performed in blow room. Then cotton is in the shape of a roll called Lap
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Carding Department:
In carding department, cotton is rubbed between two 2 surfaces. Pins are inserted in carding machine. Cotton is rubbed between two surfaces and its fibers are opened. Fibers to fibers opening and absolute cleaning is done in carding department. Fly and tigrine wastes are removed in this department.
7-8 % trashes are removed in this department. 1.02 1.08 inches is average cotton fiber length in Pakistan.
Sliver is end product at the carding department. Lap is input and sliver is output at carding department. Slivers are stored in a container called Can.
Drawing Department:
Drawing breaker and drawing finisher has same function. First machine is breaker and second is finisher. The breaker is behind and finisher is forward. Slivers are stretched here (drafted). They are converted into a single rope after drafting.
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Two functions are performed in this department; Doubling and Drafting. But still difference in diameter is there. To remove the difference, the process is repeated.
Simplex:
The name simplex is given to this machine because of its simplicity. 20 years ago, this machine consisted of two machines called Slubbing and Roving machines. There are two functions; Drafting and Twisting. 120 sliver cans are fed to this machine. Individual can produces individual products. The end product of this machine is called Roving. The roving is then twisted around a structure called Bobbin In this department, twist is slight. Sliver is input and Roving is output of this department.
Ring Department:
Now roving is drafted and twisted to produce yarn. Here yarn is twisted around ring bobbin. Drafting and twisting is different in simplex and ring. In simplex, drafting is 7 and in ring, it is 20. In simplex, twisting is 1.15 turns per inch, and in ring, it is 20 turns per inch.
Auto Cone:
Cone is a package of yarn consisting of 4.17 pounds. Its upper side is a Suction Mouth and lower side is a Retype Pipe. Splicing is done here.
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Conditioning:
Cones are kept in a room with 99% relative humidity. Yarn absorbs moisture. Yarns weight and strength is increased by absorbing moisture. Yarn strength is directly proportional to water content in cotton fiber. 1 cone = 4.17 Lbs 100 Lbs = 1 bag 24 cone = 1 bag 380 or 400 bags = 1 container
Types of Yarn
Yarn is of following types: Man Made Fiber Yarn Dyed Yarn Carded Yarn Combed Yarn Blended Yarn Mlange or Heather Grey Yarn 100 % Cotton Yarn
Carded Yarn:
Carded yarn is not as fine and finished as combed yarn. It contains a large number of short fibers.
Combed Yarn:
Combed yarn is different from carded yarn in that it has very small number of short fibers. Many short fibers are removed from it. It is more fine, finished and strong.
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Blend Yarn:
Two different types of raw material are used to produce blended yarn. For example, if we use cotton, polyester and viscose, we can blend them in following combinations: Cotton & polyester
Dyed Yarn:
When yarn is dyed before knitting, it is called dyed yarn. Dyed yarn is costly than dyed fabric or mlange.
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KNITTING
To produce knitted fabric of supreme quality, it is imperative that superior quality raw material is procured at competitive prices. At Masood finest quality yarn in the market is produced for our in house knitting.
FABRIC INSPECTION
Types of Knitting
1. Weft knitting 2. Warp knitting 1: Weft Knitting: Vertical lines of loops are called Wales. Horizontal lines of loops are called course or stitch. Number of needles is equal to number of Wales.
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Vertical faults are due to machine. Horizontal faults are due to yarn. There are 1870 needles in one single jersey machine. Generally, yarn is fed to the machine at an angle of 45 degree. Weft knitting is of two types: a) Circular knitting b) Flat knitting a) Circular Knitting: There is not a guide line in this type of knitting. This fabric is of body size. If circular knitted fabric is opened, it is called open width. b) Flat Knitting: Flat knitting is done to make collar and cuff at collar and cuff machines. 2: Warp Knitting: In warp knitting, number of yarns feed is equal to number of needles.
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Knitting Departments:
There are following departments in knitting section: Knitting Coordination Knit Production Knitting R & D Knitting Maintenance Outdoor Knitting
Knitting Coordination: Knitting coordination department coordinates with all departments. They generate a work order and give it to knit production.
Knit Production: Knit production department obtains yarn. Then Knit production department knits fabric. Knitted fabric is sent to garage stores.
Outdoor Knitting: In case of inability to knit required fabric within the organization, fabric is get knitted outside the organization. MTM has more than 200 knitting machines.
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PROCESSING
The Fabric Processing Division of Masood Textiles has a capacity of dyeing 41,450 Kgs per day. It is equipped With These, T.S.I, SCHOLL, Gaston dyeing machines. It is capable of dyeing both 100% cotton and blended fabric. The machine size selection gives the flexibility in dyeing a lot size ranging from 100 kgs to 1,000 kgs. The department has two Sentence finishing lines from Switzerland, which include Hydro extractors, dryers and compactors.
In order to maintain the quality of processed fabric, Masood has the testing laboratory with latest equipment to check the fabric. It ensures that the fabric quality is maintained and is according to the required parameters of our customers. There are two main parts of processing: Dying Finishing
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Knitting Fabric Store Lot Section Dying Finishing Quality Control Quality Assurance Ware Houses Dyeing: According to the type of fabric, dyeing is of mainly two types: Knitwear dyeing Woven dyeing
Knitwear Dyeing:
Knitwear dyeing is of two types: Reactive Dyeing (used for cotton fiber fabric) Disperse Dyeing (used for polyester fiber fabric)
Dyeing Lab: There are some requirements by customers to be met. To check the parameters defined by customer, certain lab tests are performed in dying lab to test the fabric.
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Tests Performed At Dying Lab: Following tests are performed at dying lab: Shrinkage (Length/Width) Stitch Length GSM (Grams/Square Meter) Courses/Inch Wales/Inch Fabric Width Washing Fastness Dry Rubbing Fastness Wet Rubbing Fastness Light Fastness Scorching Test Count Burst Strength Test Blend Percentage Perspiration (Acidic) Fastness Perspiration (Alkaline) Fastness Pilling Test Torquing Test Hot Wet Press Test Absorbency Test
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Finishing:
Finishing means to bring fabric in the form required by buyer. We check GSM, width and shrinkage. These are parameters defined by customers. Open Width and Tubular Fabric are received in finishing department. Below 40 inches width is considered tubular. Shrinkage may positive and negative.
Color: Sensation created on the retina of the eye by reflection of light from an object. Each color has its own frequency. Frequencies of colors range between 430nm (ultra violet) to 900nm (infra red) Types of Colors: Primary Colors Secondary Colors Tertiary Colors Primary Colors: Primary colors are Red, Blue and Yellow. Secondary Colors: Secondary colors are made by combination of two primary colors like Yellow + Red = Orange Red + Blue = Purple Tertiary Colors: Combination of three colors gives tertiary colors like Yellow (3.5%) + Red (1.9%) + Blue (3.5%) = Jet Black
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APPAREL
MTM believes that prevention is better than cure. The sooner the problem is tracked; the better it is in delivering the goods on time. During the stitching process we have final inspection processes. The garments are 100% Inspected by experienced inspectors. Our objective is to produce with Zero Defects. The BACK TRACKING SYSTEM plays a vital role in developing sense of responsibility and accountability in every person in making and inspecting the garments. The same thing is emphasized in ISO-9002, so we are not only the ISO-9002 Certified holder but also the true executors. The company has independent Quality Assurance Team that conducts inline audits and final finished goods audits. The QA Manager ensures that before the goods leave the factory, they comply with the customers AQL standard.
Following Steps are Involved in all Processes of Apparel Division: PPC merchandiser Communication with customer Proto Samples Fit Samples Size Samples Pre Production Approvals of Fabric, Color, Lab Dips Order Received with Time Line Fabric PO Forwarded to Mills Fabric Arrives from Mills QC Checking Fabric Received in store Feeding in AMS Cutting Planning Fabric Requisition Job Cards Spread of Fabric in Layers QC and QA Checking Cutting According to Cutting Plan Bundling ( Roll To Roll & Lot Wise) Induction Stitching In line Inspection (QC & QA) Final Inspection Super Final Inspection (QC & QA) Packing and Packaging (Assorted or Solid; color wise or size wise) Dispatching to customer.
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CUTTING
Requisition: When fabric is received in Apparel Division it is stored in the fabric store. Then fabric is issued to the cutting department and for this purpose requisition is made in AMS. The cutting department receives that fabric from the fabric store and cutting department makes further processing.
Job card: All the information about the cutting process is there in job card. CPO (Cutting and Planning Officer) takes care of the cutting and plans how to cut the fabric on daily basis. The daily targets of cutting are fulfilled. Cutting is done at 5% excess to meet the wastage % age.
Pattern Making: The patterns are the designs on which the fabric is to be cut into pieces. For this purpose GGT Department plays an important role.
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GGT officer makes this pattern digitized length and width wise. The patterns are set in a way to get minimum wastage during the cutting. The sketch is obtained from the plotter and spread on the fabric layer to cut the required pieces. The cutting is done manually by putting the patterns on the layers. The layer height for Fleece Fabric is 5.5 inches (90 layers) and other than fleece like Single Jersey the height is 4.5 inches (120 layers). After this the cutting is started by shapers according to the patterns. Two things are considered while making patterns. One is fabric utilization and the other is wastage. The pattern is made in such a way that most of the fabric is utilized and the wastage is the minimum.
Bundling: When the pieces are cut in the shape of body fabric and trims they both are bundled with a Process Card, which contains how many pieces are there in the bundles. The bundles are made size and color wise. These bundles are sent to the induction department where they are stored till the stitching department demands them.
Induction Department: The induction department is a part of cutting department. The bundles after audited and checked are sent to induction where they are stored the bar codes are also generated and are put in the bundles with the process cards. Racks are assigned to bundles and the induction is basically a plate form between cutting and stitching. The induction makes daily induction reports, which tells how many bundles are received and how many are sent for stitching.
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STITCHING
There are total 12 stitching units. Orders of different companies are processed in different units according to their skills. They operate under the objective of Zero Defect. Here quality control is merged with the production.
Observations: As practical work is done in units so we observed a lot of implementations of our subjects. Here what we like most is the TQM implementation. Each and every employee is conscious about Quality and they all work as a team to maintain it. Quality is the core competency of Masood textile mills that differentiates Masood from its competitors. The main tasks of production department are Quality maintenance and on time delivery.
Process: Production process is as follows: 1: Stitching (Process flow) 2: Ironing 3: Finishing checks
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1. Stitching (Process Flow): To get maximum production they follow the principle of Division of Labor and principle of convenience. Thats why process flow is used for stitching .The process flow which we saw for a specific garment tells how a garment is stitched (first moon over lock, then moon attach ,then pocket hem, then pocket making and hem and so on). Here they attach the identification codes to the garments, which help in back track system. Quality which is the core competency of Masood textile mills is maintained by inline supervisors. These inline supervisors check the stitching and plucking and faults is removed immediately.
2. Ironing: After completion of stitching the garment is ironed. This process is of great care because this may damage the fabric .This is done with the help of steam irons. Inline supervisors work doesnt end at stitching .They have to check any possible damage and the quality of ironing.
4. Packing Accessory Attachment: After final check packing accessories like companying stickers, hanging tags are attached.
5. Packing: In this stage garment is packed according to customers requirement. Finishing Supervisors check whether packing is as per requirement or not.
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Labels: The following labels are used during preparing any garments.
b) Size label: It shows size of the garment whether it is (S, L, M, XL, and XXL).
c) Care label (side label): In this label the instructions are mentioned like washing.
d) Fire label: The purpose of this label is dont go near fire because fabric is made from Polyester.
e) Patch label (company promotion label):This label shows the company name, it is mostly attached on the back side of the pent or trouser. It is seamed on all sides.
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Spinning Process
Knitting Process
Mills Process
Process, Dyeing & Finishing
Dispatch
Cutting
Fabric Store
Induction Departmen t
Finishing Deptt.
Stitching Deptt.
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MTM
DEPRTMENTS
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DEPARTMENTS
At present following departments are working in Masood Textile Mills Ltd. Marketing/ Merchandising Production Planning & Control (PPC) Human Resource (HR) & Administration Compliance Department Information Technology (IT) Accounts & Finance Material Requirement Planning (MRP) Capacity Requirement Planning (CRP) Quality Assurance
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MARKETING
All the activities, which are performed to achieve the customer requirement well in time. Methods of Marketing: Exhibition Magazines Buying house Agents Masood Textile mills deals with business to business marketing so to get the customers for orders MTM arranges its exhibits in the world wide international exhibitions to make aware importers about its state of the art products. In this way MTM fill its quest of marketing to run the business smoothly. It has been described first that Masood has extravagant customers which are up-to-the-minute worldwide for their name in quality oriented garments products and also in other products so this supports a favorable scenario to attract the customer towards MTM. Process of Marketing: G.M Marketing Tayyab Masood and CEO of the company Shahid Nazir do the major marketing. They are working with their team. Charles and Palm Ray are responsible for the marketing of Masood Textile in America.
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MERCHANDISING
Merchandisers are bridge between customer and factory. The objective of merchandising department is to retain the existing customers, and keep continuously communicate with them and also to attract new customers. CEO and Marketing Manager attend different exhibitions all over the world to attract these sourcing companies. All the sourcing companies are the Customers of the Masood Textile Mills. Merchandisers are the representatives of Masood and they keep contact with customers. Merchandisers also try to acquire new customers and contracts through personal selling. CUSTOMERS
MERCHANDISERS
FACTORY RODCUT PACKAGE: Merchandiser gets the product package from the customer. It consist of the detail like fabric type, color of the fabric, gram mage, specs, torching, skewing etc. on the basis of that product package different samples are prepared
Proto sample Fit sample Size set Sales sample Pre production sample Top of the production sample
Proto sample: Proto samples are made from the fabric that is available. Its gram mage can be different. When the merchandiser gets the purchase order from the customer then production start.
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Fit sample: Fit samples are made. When the customer gets the fit sample they do the fit sessions. There is no specs tolerance in fit sample.
Sales samples: Sales samples are made of the exact color and the fabric that is demanded by the customer. Its price is normally doubled that is charged from the customer. Sale samples are made for test marketing. It is very important and crucial.
Pre production sample: When the fit samples are approved then the production starts. Before starting the bulk production the merchandising department coordinates with the customer and asked about his consent. There is tolerance in the specs of pp sample. Top of the production sample: In the end of the production these samples are sending to the customers. Types of Orders Seasonal orders Pipe order Replenishment orders Filler orders
Seasonal orders: Seasonal orders are those which are made in different seasons. Pipe order: When the order is given for the first time it is pipe order. Replenishment order: When the order is repeated it is replenishment order.
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Filler order: If the company has less resources and it is not able to prepare the order then it goes to different vendors to fill the order. PRODUCT PACKAGE PPK involves 3 types of informations
Fabrication: The type of fabric that will be used to make the product different types of fabric are used, like single jersey, fleece etc.
Shipment: Shipment includes the ex factory and the ex country dates that are given by the customers. Shipment is done through two ways. By boats By air
Mode of transaction When the merchandiser negotiate with the customer he demands letter of credit and bank guarantee etc from the customer Roles of Merchandiser
Merchandiser is a bridge between customer and factory. Keep continuously communicate with customer. 50
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Attract new customers. Merchandisers are the representatives of MTM and they keep contact with customers.
PRODUCTION
MERCHANDISING
PPC
Functions of PPC: Optimization of resources (man, machine, material) Costing research and development(R&D) Purchase order receiving Capacity Time line (time, action) Fabric accessories (stitching and packing) Fabric demand plan (lead time) Accessories demand plan
Costing:
This is the most important responsibilities of PPC department .It is responsible for accurate costing of production. The price of the single accessory cant be ignored .On
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the basis of cost, given by PPC, merchandiser negotiates with the customer. This is crucial point in getting the purchase order (PO) the main things that are taken into account during costing and pricing of product are as follows,
1: Fabric Cost (Yarn Dying and Knitting) 2: Stitching Cost 3: Packing and Accessory Cost 4: Overhead Financial Charges 5: Margin and Rejection 6: Freight on Board
Production Allocation: PPC fulfill its responsibility by making a schedule, which deals it when and from where fabric is received, when cutting is done to which production unit order will be process, and so on.
The actual customer of MTM mills division is the MTM apparel division. The whole process in MTM mills is initiated with the placement of PO from Apparel to Mills division. The PO is first placed in PPC department from where it is fed in the FMS (Fabric Management System). Now this PO is available to all concerned department in Mills.
PO
PPC
R&D
Knitting
Dye
Finishing
Dispatching
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HUMAN RESOURCE (HR) DEPARTMENT HR department in MTM is involved in different types of human resource development and activities to produce highly qualified and technically skilled workforce that contribute to the organizations efficiency and effectiveness. HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
1. The organization has optimum quantity & quality of work force available. (Recruitment) 2. To provide opportunities for training & career development at all levels. (Training) 3. Maximum utilization of available resources. 4. Employees aspiration and their grievances are properly dressed. 5. Initiating a process of change through cross-functional mobility. Section Wise Functions Recruitment: 1. 2. To establish data bank for recruitment of all level employees. To design aptitude tests (Written/ Practical) for skilled jobs i.e. Operators, Inline Inspector, Final Inspector, Spreaders, Cutters, and Supervisors etc. 3. To search out new sources for recruitment of skilled/ Technical/ Managerial jobs inside the country. 4. To work in light of equal opportunity employer concept.
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Personnel: 1. 2. 3. To maintain personnel record of each category of employees in a proper manner. To ensure validity of all types of related documents. Proper follow up of an employees appointment, confirmation/ promotion, resignation & termination etc. 4. To establish comprehensive system of performance appraisal by giving bench marks to employees. Compensation & Benefits: 1. To provide financial security/ assistance to the company employees & their dependants. 2. To arrange compensation of the losses occurred to the employees by some accident etc. 3. 4. To keep the employees free from fear of emergency expenses or loss. To ensure the employees timely provision & full protection of all their legal benefits. 5. To provide the employees the proper guidance/ assistance for claiming & utilizing their company given facilities.
Performance Appraisals Promotions in MTM have very fair methodology. Personality and job related traits are evaluated at regular basis. Best performance results in good rewards in MTM. Law & Welfare: 1. To provide legal guidance/ assistance to the company for fulfillment & implementation of relevant laws of the country. 2. To bring awareness of rules/ policies & their proper utilization at all levels i.e. Management, HOD, Supervisors, Staff & workers. 3. To develop healthy relationship between the company & relevant government departments/ agencies. 4. To ensure employees that their welfare matters are taken care of by the management & they only need to concentrate on their work.
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Grievance Handling: 1. 2. 3. To keep factory running smoothly without any hurdle. In time detection & solution of any grievance. To develop such policies which maximum suits both to the company & employees reduce the chances of corruption of grievances.
Retiring and Termination: Gratuity and provident fund is being maintained for the retiring personals in MTM.
COMPLIANCE DEPARTMENT
Functionalities of Compliance Department: It is rules obey department. The main function of this department is to set the rules for all the departments and force them to obey all the rules. The main function of the compliance department is to follow the WRAP (Worldwide Responsible Apparel Process)
Code of Conduct: Law and work place regulation Prohibition of force labor Prohibition of harassment or abuse Compensation and benefits Working hours Prohibition of discrimination Health and safety Freedom of association
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Fabric management system is computerized software which helps in planning of fabric for the unambiguous production order AMS: Apparel Management System
Apparel management system is also much like fabric management system which helps in the planning of garments being geared up.
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Its computer software which helps in the designing of apparel, used in MTM these systems are very powerful to process information in their respective divisions. Barcode System: one of the great work which is being done by the Information Technology department is the Generation of Barcodes these barcodes have all sort of information about the every step of garment. The major purpose of this Barcode system is to keep the track of quality at every step and to find where the things are wrong.
CASH PAYMENT VOUCHERS CASH RECEIPT VOUCHERS BANK PAYMENT VOUCHERS BANK RECEIPTS VORCHERS JOURNAL VOUCHERS OR ADJUSTMENT VOUCHERS PETTY CASH VOUCHERS
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Cash payment vouchers. This voucher is prepared when cash payments are made against expenses. ACCOUNT CODE. Name of expenses (Debit) Cash Account Credit
These types of vouchers are prepared when the cashier on the behalf of company receives cash. But these types of vouchers are small in quantity because majority of transaction are done by bank. On receipt of cash cashier prepared the cash receipt slip. Accounts officer prepares vouchers on the basis of cash receipt prepared by the cashier. In the books of accounts following is made. Account code Cash account (Debit) (Credit)
Income/Receivable
Amtex ltd, being a private company, most of the transactions of company is managed through banks. As the competent authority approved the bills and invoices, those reaches to the table of account officer for payment. Account officer checks the approval and the mathematical accuracy of the ill and prepares the bank payment vouchers. But the account officer makes sure the nature of expenses capital or revenue and the deduction of tax if applicable and then pass the following entry. Account code. Asset or expense name Bank account Credit Debit
58
Bank receipt vouchers are prepared when mill receives cheques against A/R or advance payments On receipt of cheques account officer sends the cheques for clearing and passed the following entry.
Fabric Requirement: Main Body Fabric requirement Trim fabric / Collars / Twill Tapes requirements Woven Fabric requirements
Accessories Requirement:
Color wise stitching thread requirement Size wise labels requirements Buttons Zips Fusing UPC, Hang Tag Poly Bags Tissue Papers Cartons Insert board & J Board Box 59
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CRP works to plan out; Finite Scheduling (Unit wise Plan) Monitoring / Controlling. Re-planning (In case of any item delay, fabric of accessories.
QUALITY
It is a standard achieved by process to render defect free product.
Quality control: Implementation of process to achieve the required standards. Quality assurance: Preventive measures are taken to make defect free product. Acceptable Quality Level AQL mean a standard of Rejection and acceptance defined by the mutual concentration of buyer and seller, where they mutually decides size of the sample and standard for rejection and acceptance Overall Quality Level OQL is a standard where garments are audited on their total rating, also called average quality rating, after the AQL, when over percentage of rejection is checked it should also comply with the standards already defined or decided in agreements.
Responsibilities of quality assurance: There are three responsibilities of quality assurance. (1) Monitoring the system (2) evaluating staff involved (3) assuring quality of product
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Working: Quality is the major concern, to maintain the quality; there are quality checks at every stage of manufacturing starting from raw cotton, yarn, fabric, processing, cutting stitching and end at packing. In apparel division, fabric is first checked and when find per customers requirement then it is issued to cutting department. Here fabric is checked for shrinkage, finished g/cm2 etc. Then next check point is in quality pieces move to the stitching units. The next check point is in production department. In production department there are inline inspectors for inspection on the spot. Internal and External audits are one of the most important checks. Internal auditors are from Masoods end and external auditors from buyers end.
Corrective and Preventive Actions: The corrective and preventive actions are very strong in Masood Textile Strong preventive actions are designed to ensure the quality and avoid any kind of fault. But if any thing goes wrong then relevant person immediately take corrective action.
1: Preventive Actions:
a) Fabric Audit b) Cutting Audit c) Inline Audit d) Measurement Audit e) Finishing Audit f) Final Good Audit
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Inspection
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MTM
AWARDS
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FTL has awarded MTM "Accuracy of Information and Compliance Supplier Award ".
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Fruit of the Loom has awarded MTM "Quality Control Award 2005".
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JC Penney Awards MTM "The best supplier of the region award 2001-2002". The ceremony was held in Singapore on 17th July 2002. Shahid Nazir (C.E.O.) received this award.
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We are proud being WRAP (Worldwide Responsible Apparel Production) certified. The certification ensures that sewn products are produced under lawful, humane and ethical conditions.
Following are the core standards that we strictly follow throughout our production process. Compliance with Laws and Workplace Regulations Prohibition of Forced Labor Prohibition of Child Labor Prohibition of Harassment or Abuse Compensation and Benefits Hours of Work Prohibition of Discrimination Health and Safety Freedom of Association and Collective Bargaining Environment Customs Compliance Security
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Masood has the ISO-9002 Certification and the registration # 9908699. We have the logo of three-accreditation bodies
ANSI RAB (USA Based) U.KAS (UK Based) DAR/TAG (Germany Based)
ISO department provides a management system at Masood, which is free of nonconformance. The department has training system that creates awareness of Total Quality Management System (TQM). All the departments and people at all levels are involved in this program. Masood has a team of qualified and certified auditors who would check, improve and ensure the consistency in the system.
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STRENGTHS
Worlds Well renowned Customers Vertically Integrated Operations Stitching diversity Strong Information Technology Department Flexibility in related products production Well thought of Buyers WRAP certified TQM implementation Aggressive R & D Department Product Innovation ability Professionally managed organization Supply chain management IT based Systems & E-applications Back Track System Multi-country Production capability
WEAKNESSES
Small area for operations Somewhat lack of managerial depth Poor compensation package Somehow lack of supply chain Below average marketing skills Organization culture is not fully developed 74
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OPPORTUNITIES
Good image for entry in new markets Diversification in related products Faster market growth Ability to move to better strategic group Attractive for highly Professionals To stay Low cost producer Increase productivity Cost Efficiency Product Development Reduce Lead Times Compete on Value, not on Price
THREATS
Worldwide emerging competition in Textile sector Energy crises in Pakistan Growing bargaining power of customers due to intense competition Changing buyer needs and taste Economic crises Availability of Ramey Cotton in China Cheep labors in India and Bangladesh 75
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Low Cost rate in China American restriction on import Internal political factors effecting business Terrorism activities
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Masood Textile Mills Ltd. dont need to have a strong marketing department because they are dealing in business to business Marketing actually they are Exporter Manufacturer. And In this kind of scenario customer is already defined only have to fill the requirements of the buyer. Market Penetration / Concentration Strategy: The major marketing strategy is market penetration strategy of MTM they are diversifying into a same group of related products, which is also called concentration strategy. MTM is also busy in searching new customers and to show its state of art products to world by placing its stalls in the different textile exhibitions, arranged worldwide. Masood Textile mills have a very strong merchandising department, which is part of the Marketing department working with highly professional teamwork. MTM focuses on Quality with timely delivery of goods and the pricing decisions are based on the negotiation with the buyers. Masood Textile mills are directing their organizational resources towards single market and growth in related products of garments and textile like their vision statement To be the worlds best Apparel Company. They are penetrating into a single market with related products. Integration Strategy: Masood Textile Mills is working too on vertical integration strategy as Masood is one of the few fully vertical textile mills in Pakistan having in-house Yarn, Knitting, Fabric dyeing, Processing, and Laundry and Apparel Manufacturing facilities. The vertically integrated operations help them in achieving shorter lead times and greater flexibility to cater to the customers demand.
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COMPETITIVE STRATEGY
Focus Strategy: MTM is working on the focus strategy in their competitive business operations by working in some what related products like Yarn, Fabric, and Apparel. Now they are focusing on the Apparel production by keeping supply chain management to provide the supreme satisfaction to its customer with quality oriented and differentiated products.
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SUGGESTIONS
The MTM is losing its benefits in lower raw material prices, while energy cost and credit cost have increased considerably. There is a need to check the trend of further increases both by policy, support by the Government and it self. The major challenges are to enhance the competitiveness of the mill, which have been created on account of internal weaknesses to improve quality productivity and production efficiency to be desired levels.
The company should control the financial charges especially commission to the agents should be controlled.
The cost of production of company should be controlled. The utilizing the plant capacity in full can reduce fixed cost.
The sale of company should increase by searching new markets. MTM should launch its own brand. MTM should establish its own outlets. New product lines in fashion design and style should be launched. Political stability consistent government policy and government that remains for its tenure.
To create an environment which attracts and supports foreign investments including joint venture.
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CONCLUSION
Its a period of Globalization, any organization or institute who ignore the element of globalization automatically kick out from the market. Only those can be surviving who compete this global market perfectly. There is a Survival of the first .
So the Masood Textile Mills has the opportunity to survive the global; market because it has the better good will and positive earning per share it can capture all the global market.
Masood Textile Mills is also facers tenor in which there are both opportunities and threats for it to be able and survive and growth. But many of the challenges that shall occur will be outside of the control of the Mils.
However, this dose not absolves the Government of Pakistan and the local Textile industry from its responsibility to best deal with the climate both locally and internationally and itself for even greater challenges.
Now there is need that the Govt. and industry realize that a sincere and positive approach has to be made to meet the challenges of the present day competition environment. In this regard adequate finance for capital investment, working capital and development of comprehensive long-term strategies and the stable government are required.
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Learning as an Internee: Learning as an internee I had a great opportunity to see that how the bookish knowledge is implemented real time in a business environment and how the big businesses are run in the world. I availed this chance fully to polish my knowledge and to groom my personality likely to think as Entrepreneur. Duties & Accomplishments: I dont had as such duties or responsibilities like other employees the work which is provided to us was to take the complete orientation of all the departments of MTM and the processes which are being flowed in those departments. First of all a birds eye view is given to me about one department and then I used to send in that very department to see the work. My duty in every department was to see the process and to ask the questions about the process and work and to ask critical questions why these things are done in this way instead of other way. In this way I visited all the departments possibly to be fruitful for my knowledge acquirement. New Knowledge Acquired: New knowledge, which I gained from this prestigious Internship method, is really having a worth in my real life to think over some business planning. After this internship I have somehow complete idea about a textile industry that how they are running in Pakistan. I gained the idea about the apparel production and export methods. Now I have enough information about the fabrics, which are used in the manufacturing of garments. I am well aware about the processes of apparel production from fabrication, planning, cutting, and induction, bar track system, stitching, packing and finishing of garments. Problems Encountered: Being an Industrial Managment (TQM) student I did not face as such unusual problem, which could affect me. I did my best to understand the processes of Masood
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Textile Mills Ltd. This was only due to the institutions helping and friendly environment to understand the critical processes, which was really marvelous. I am thankful to all the persons and team who ever tried to assist in every stage of learning process. The major problem somehow I can say was the technical language which they used but that was also solved by their special being of assistance. The other problem that came in the form of trouble in program was the companys audits and foreigner visiting series during which internees were ignored due to workload. Overall all the process was fairly simple to understand. How Experience Impacts My Career: Today most of the hiring is based on the Experiences because companies dont have time to train their employees for the current deficit and due to rapidly changing era. In this situation most of the fresh graduates are to face with the tribulations, which tend towards desperation. Experience is as much necessary as you can get for the betterment of you job and personality the experienced people become the nipping bud of the organizations and they are provided with the things, which they require. Being a student Industrial Managment (TQM) of, I must have to get the maximum
experience in different fields to broad my exposure in the prestigious field of Industrial Managment (TQM).
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