Presented By

SURAJIT PATI
ROLL NO- 14201610061

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

INTRODUCTION
BRAIN MACHINE INTERFACE : In 1970s research was started on this system.
Now in 2012 this is a most challenging research topic for world wide scientists. Basically this

system is a communication system between brain and machine Which have been previously thought only in science fiction movies. One day will come when our brain has own wireless modem , so that we can downloads lots of knowledge from knowledge implant centres.

Person with spinal injuries can will able to use his/her own limb or arms.
Paralyzed person can conveyed his/her intention to a computer.

HUMAN BRAIN
Most complex organ among carbon based life forms. Average weight 1400 gms.

Cerebral cortex is the part of brain which mainly concerning with BMIs
Cerebral cortex is divided in two hemispheres and each of them sub divided into four lobes

# frontal # parietal # occipital # temporal lobes

According to function cerebral cortex can subdivided into several parts , each have different function-

Auditory Cortex
Speech Centre Motor Cortex Visual Association Area

Detection of Sound
Production of Speech Initiation of movements Processing of visual information

and many other part which have diff. functions.

PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
Main principle behind this interface is Bio-electrical activities of nerves and muscles.

Human body with living tissues can be considered as a power station, generating multiple signals.
Our brain controls all emotion and function of our body, it consists of millions of neurons.

These neurons together act in complex logic and produce signal which control our body
When neurons activates , there is change in voltage across the cell (~100mV)

This voltage can read through different devices.

For different works different signals are generated each are different in magnitude and frequency.

PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
The change in magnitude in neurons can be measured by 0 (no pulse) or by 1 ( pulse generated), which is measured by electrodes . We can also control our brain function artificially by sending these signals to that part brain which is responsible for that particular action.

DIFFERENT METHODS OF RECEVING SIGNALS FROM BRAIN

Two basic methods Invasive: In this method an electrode called the neurotropic electrode is implanted in the brain through a brain surgery in the cerebral cortex just above the ear. Non invasive: This method doesnt require a brain implant user should wears a cap studded with electrodes which help to transmit the signals. This method is not so effective because the electrodes on the cap cannot absorb the signals properly due to thick skull. But scientists agree with that the above two process have different benefits for different applications.

ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY(EEG)
EEG is the method of measuring the electrical signal of brain.

Rhythmical potential are generated from each neurons. Summation of all potential appear as waveform.
Recording of waveform is known as electroencephalogram. EEG signal picked up with electrodes from Scalp or directly from cerebral cortex. Electrical impulse generated by neurons , travels through cortex ,skull, Different types scalp. of Rhythms Difference between actual electrodes and reference electrodes are measured by EEG . Their are 5 (five) diff. Rhythms coming from brain Alpha is principal rhythm for EEG.

BLOCK DIAGRAME OF BMI

APPLICATIONS
-Where spinal cord damage or a stroke has damage the link between brain

and the peripheral nervous system. They can use brain to control their own
limbs by this system - Thought controlled motorized wheel chair. -Thought controlled robotic arm . - blind people can use mobile phone. - paralyzed people can conveyed his/her thinking to computer.

CONCLUSION
What happens when humans merge with machine ? What kind of people are we becoming? BMI will give people back their vision and hearing. Change in human knowledge. Make enable all physically disable people . May generates signals like ultraviolet , X-ray etc.

WHAT A INTRESTING DAY THAT WILL BE

THANK YOU

ANY

QUESTION ?