Phn bit a truy cp v ghp knh.

a truy cp v ghp knh l hai khi nim khc nhau. Tuy nhin, rt d nhm ln hai khi nim ny. Nhn tin l bi bo co v cc phng php truy nhp, ti thy mt s khc nhau nh sau: Mt s 2 phng php ghp knh c bn:TDM (stand for Time Division Multiplexing), FDM (stand for Frequency Division Multiplexing). V 3 phng php a truy nhp TDMA (stand for Time Division Multiple Access), FDMA, CDMA. Ly v d TDM v TDMA phn bit: TDM l khi nim ghp knh, thuc phm vi truyn dn (transmission), trong khi TDMA l khi nim a truy nhp, thuc phm vi truy nhp mng (access network). Ghp knh l khi nim v t chc truyn dn gia hai nt ca mt mng, trong khi a truy nhp lin quan ti vic t chc kt ni t thu bao ti mng. TDM thng dng khi ni n ghp knh trn mt ng truyn point-to-point, hu tuyn nh T1/E1-lung t BTS n BSC; cn TDMA th dng khi ni n cc h thng thng tin di ng, ng truyn v tuyn. TDM ch lin quan n 1 transmitter v 1 receiver (point-to-point) cnTDMA th c nhiu transmitters. Mc du cng c im l chia khung thi gian thnh cc time slot (TS) cho nhiu ngi chia s ti nguyn song c nhng im khc bit c bn gia TDM vTDMA sau y: + TDM l s phn nh dung lng tng cng ca knh tng theo thi gian cho cc ngi s dng khc nhau trn c s t u cui ti u cui v khng thay i TS dnh cho ngi s dng c nu khng config li ton b h thng. Ngha l mi mt ngi s dng s c n nh mt TS c nh truyn tin v d cho ngi s dng khng c traffic (trng thi idle) truyn trn knh vt l (TS) dnh cho mnh th knh s rng m ngi s dng khc khng th t ng chim knh truyn tin. Ngay c khi ta c c mun dng mt cch nht thi TS cho ngi s dng khc dng cng khng th c. Ly th d: Trong mt tuyn truyn dn quang t H Ni i Hi Phng gi d vi knh dung lng l lung STM-4 c 3 lung STM-1 c nh (3TS dnh cho 3 lung STM-1) c dnh cho kt ni t H Ni i Hi Phng, cn mt lung STM-1 dnh cho kt ni t H Ni n Hi Dng v t Hi Dng ti Hi Phng. Khi trn STM-1 lin lc H Ni - Hi Dng khng c traffic th h thng cng s khng t ng ly knh cho truyn t H Ni i Hi Phng c v on Hi Dng - Hi Phng li c th ang c traffic (on HNI - HDG c th ang rng mt phn dung lng song an HDG - HPG li ang y).

+ a truy nhp l phng thc m mng s dng phn bit cc thu bao khc nhau ang truy nhp yu cu dch v vin thng. Vi mng in thoi c nh, tng i phn bit cc thu bao (vo lc truy nhp th l ngi s dng/user) nh cc i dy ti cc my l, gi l phng thc truy nhp bng cp.TDMA l phng thc m mng phn bit ngi s dng theo thi gian. Mng phn bit gia cc users khc nhau ang truy nhp mng yu cu dch v thng qua TS c n nh tm thi cho cc users. Mt khi ngi s dng chm dt phin lin lc ca mnh th ti nguyn (TS) s c gii phng tr li cho mng c th n nh cho ngi s dng khc (cho thu bao khc ang c gng truy nhp mng yu cu dch v). Cng xin lu lun vi cc bn v s khc bit gia cc khi nim thu bao (subscriber) v khi nim ngi s dng (user). Trong ghp knh khng c khi nim thu bao m ch c user (cn phn bit r khi nim thu bao v khi nim ngi/t chc thu leased line). Vi cc h thng thng tin di ng th a truy nhp l phn access t cc thu bao ti mng m i din y l BTS (phn mng truy nhp - access network), cn t nt mng BTS ti cc nt khc trong mng (BSC hay MSC) th knh c t chc bng ghp knh (phn mng/h thng truyn dn - transmission network/system). Th d, vi h thng GSM th TDMA thuc phn t MS ti BS cn TDM thuc phn t BS v mng (v MSC). Trn tuyn t cc BS v MSC trong h thng GSM, gi nh t chc truyn dn theo cu hnh chain, d lung E1 t BS ny v BSC c rng (do trong cell m BS qun l ang khng c mt MS no lin lc) th t mt BS xa hn v BSC ngang qua BS cng khng th chim lung E1 truyn tin cho mnh nu khng config li h thng truyn dn.