Course & Branch: B.

E - Aeronautical Title of the paper: Solid Mechanics Semester: III Subject code: AE 2203
Unit - I
PART-A 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. What is strain? Define Hookes law. State the relationship between elastic constants. Draw the stress-strain diagram for the ductile materials. Define modulus of elasticity and factor of safety. Define ultimate stress and working stress. A circular rod 50mm in diameter elongates, 0.1mm over a length of 500mm under a load of 45KN.What is the Youngs modulus for the material of the rod? Define Thermal stress. Give few examples for statically indeterminate beams

10. Define modulus of rigidity.

PART-B 1. (a) Draw and explain the stress-strain diagram for mild steel. (b) The following data refer to a mild steel specimen tested in a laboratory. Diameter of the specimen = 25mm, length = 300mm, extension under a load of 15N = 0.045mm, load at yield point = 127.65kN, maximum load = 208.6 kN, length of the specimen after failure = 375mm, Neck diameter = 17.75mm. Determine (i) Youngs modulus, (ii) Yield point, (iii) ultimate stress, (iv) percentage of elongation, (v) percentage reduction in area, (vi) safe stress in a factor of safety of 2. (12) 2.(a) A rod tapers uniformly form 30mm to 15mm diameter in a length of 300mm. If the rod be subjected to an axial load of 600N, find the extension of the rod. Take E = 2X105 N/mm2. (4) (4)

(b)Two vertical rods one of steel and the other of copper are rigidly fastened at their upper end at a horizontal distance of 200mm as shown in fig.01. The lower end supports a rigid horizontal bar which carries a load of 10 kN. Both the rods are 2.5m long and have cross sectional area of 12.5 mm2. Where should the load of 10 kN be placed on the bar so that it remains horizontal after loading?Also find the stress in each rod.Take Es=200GPa, Ec = 110 Gpa. Neglect bending of the cross bar.

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Derive a relation between the modulus of elasticity and the modulus of rigidity. A rod of steel is 20 metres long at a temperature of 20C. Find the free Expansion of the rod when the temperature is raised to 65C. Find the temperature stress produced (a) When the expansion of the rod is prevented (b) When the rod is permitted to expand by 5.8mm Take E=2 x 105N/mm2 and Coefficient of linear expansion = 12 x 10-6 perC. A composite bar ABC rigidly fixed at A and 1 mm above the lower support is subjected to an axial force P = 25kN as shown in figure 1. The cross sectional area of section AB is 100mm2 and that of section BC is 2cm2; determine reactions at the ends and stresses in the 2 sections. E = 200kN/mm2.

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An axial pull of 50 kN is applied on a steel bar of diameter 12 mm and length 2.5m. Calculate the change in length, diameter and volume of the bar if the Poissons ratio is 0.3. Also find the workdone in the stretching the bar. Take E = 2.10 x 105 N/mm2. Find the bulk modulus and lateral contraction of a round bar of 37.5 mm diameter and 2.4 m long when stretched 2.5 mm. Take youngs modulus is 110 GN/m2 and shear modulus is 42 GN/m2.

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A 25x25 cm2 concrete column is reinforced with 4 steel rods of 12mm diameter. Determine the stress in steel and concrete, when the column is carrying a load of 40KN. Take Youngs Modulus for the steel and concrete as 210GPa and 14GPa respectively. For a given material, Youngs modulus is 110GN/m2 and Shear modulus is 42GN/m2. Find the Bulk modulus and lateral contraction of a circular bar of 37.5 mm diameter and 2.4m long when stretched by 2.5mm under the action of external force

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10. A steel bar is placed between two copper bars, each having the same area and length as steel bar at 20C. At this stage, they are rigidly connected together at both the ends. When the temperature is raised to 320C, the length of the bars increases by 1.5mm. Determine the original length and final stresses in the bars. Take Es = 220GN/m2 ; Ec = 110GN/m2 ; s = 0.000012 per C ; c = 0.0000175 per C

Unit - II
PART-A 1. Write the sign convention for shear force and bending moment. 2. What is meant by point of contraflexure? 3. Write any 2 assumptions made in simple Bending. 4. Define simply supported beam. 5. What are the different types of beams? 6. Define shear force in beam. 7. Name the different types of beams with sketch. 8. Differentiate concentrated and uniformly distributed load with diagram. 9. What is mean by pure bending? 10. State the difference types of load.

PART-B 1. Draw the shear force and bending moment diagrams for the beam shown in fig. Indicate the numerical values at all important sections.

2. A beam of length 6 m is simply supported at the ends and carries a uniformly distributed load of 1.5 kNm run and two concentrated load of 2.5 kN and 3.25 kN acting at a distance 3m and 4.5 m respectively from left end. Draw the shear force and bending moment diagrams and determine the maximum bending moment. 3. A timber beam is freely supported on supports 6 m apart. It carries a uniformly distributed load of 12 kN/m run and a point load of 9 kN at 3.5 m from the right support. Design a suitable section of the beam making depth twice the width, if the stress in timber is not to exceed 8 N/mm2.

4. Draw the shear force and bending moment diagrams for a simply supported beam carrying a uniformly distributed load of w per unit run over the whole span. 5. An I-section with rectangular ends has the following dimensions: Flanges = 10cm x 1 cm Web = 12cm x 1 cm. If this section is subjected to a bending moment of 5 kNm and a shearing force of 5kN, find the maximum tensile and shear stresses included in it. 6. A simply supported beam 6m long caries a uniformly distributed load of 1.5KN/m, 2KN/m and 1 KN/m over a length of 2m, 2m and 2m from left end. Draw shear force and bending moment diagram. 7. An I section having flanges 200m x 20mm and web 400mm x 15mm is used as a beam. It at a section, it is subjected to a shear force of 150KN, find the greatest intensity of shear stress in the beam and show also the variation of shear stress across the section. 8. Draw the S.F and B.M. diagrams for a cantilever loaded as shown in figure Q 13.

9. Determine the dimensions of joist of a timber for span 8 m to carry a brick wall 200 mm thick and 5 m high, if the density of brick work is 1850 kg/m3 and the maximum permissible stress is limited to 7.5 MN/m2. Assume depth of joist is twice the width. 10. The simply supported beam shown in figure carries two point loads and a uniformly distributed load. Draw the Shear Force and Bending moment Diagram.

Unit - IV
PART-A 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 9. Write the expression for shear stress produced in a circular shaft subjected to torsion. What are the assumptions made for shear stress produced in a circular shaft subjected to torsion? A solid shaft of 150mm diameter is used to transmit torque. Find the maximum torque transmitted by the shaft if the maximum shear stress induced to the shaft is 45N/mm2 The shearing stress of a solid shaft is not to exceed 40N/mm2, when the torque transmitted is 20KNm. Determine the minimum diameter of the shaft. Write down the expression for torque in terms of polar moment of inertia. Define polar modulus. What is meant by torsional rigidity? In a line sketch of an open coiled helical spring, mark the angle of helix .

10. Find the torque which a shaft of 250mm can safely transmit, if the shear stress is not exceed 46N/ mm2.

PART-B 1. Find the dimensions of a hollow steel shaft of internal diameter = 0.6 x external diameter to transmit 150KW at 250 rpm. If the shearing stress is not to exceed 70N/mm2.If a bending moment of 300Nm is now applied to the shaft find the speed at which it must be driven to transmit the same power for the same value of the maximum shearing stress. A solid steel shaft of diameter 50mm is to be designed assuming an allowable shear stress all = 30 Mpa, and an allowable angle of twist per unit length = 1 per meter. Determine the maximum allowable torque that may be applied to the shaft assuming G = 80 Gpa. A closed coil helical spring is made of 8mm diameter wire. The mean diameter of the coil is 100mm. the number of turns is 16. The modulus of rigidity of the wire G = 8 x 104 N/mm2. The maximum safe load that can be applied to the spring. Calculate the energy stored under this load. A hollow shaft with diameter ratio 3/8 is required to transmit 500 KW at 100 rpm. The maximum torque being 20% greater than the mean. The maximum shear stress is not to exceed 60 N/mm2 and

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the twist in a length of 3m is not to exceed 1.4. Calculate the minimum diameters required for the shaft. C = 84kn/mm2. 5. A helical spring of circular cross section wire 18mm in diameter is loaded by a force of 500N. The mean coil diameter of the spring is 125mm. The Modulus of rigidity is 80KN/mm2. Determine maximum shear stress in the material of the spring. What number of coils must the spring have for its deflection to be 6mm? 6. A helical spring B is placed inside the coils of a second helical spring A having the same number of coils and free axial length and of same material. The two springs are compressed by an axial load of 210N which is shared between them. The mean coil diameters of A and B are 90mm and 60mm and the wire diameters are 12mm and 7mm respectively. Calculate the load shared by individual springs and the maximum stress in each spring. A solid circular uniformly tapered shaft of length L with a small angle of taper is subjected to a torque T. The diameter of the two ends of the shaft ared and 1.2d. Determine the error introduced if the angular twist for a given length is determined on the basis of the uniform mean diameter of the shaft. A hollow shaft of external diameter 150 mm transmits 250 kW power at 150 rpm. Determine the maximum internal diameter if the maximum stress in the shaft is not to exceed 65 N/mm2

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9. A closely coiled helical spring is to carry a load of 500 N. Its mean coil diameter is to be 10 times that of the wire diameter. Calculate the mean coil diameter, if the maximum shear stress in the material of the spring is to be 80 N/mm2. Also find the number of coils. Take stiffness of spring as 20 N/mm and modulus of rigidity as 8.6 x 104 N/mm2. 10. A hollow shaft is to transmit 300 kW at 80 rpm. If the shear stress is not to exceed 60 MN/m2 and internal diameter is 0.6 of the external diameter, find the external and internal diameters assuming that the maximum torque is 1.4 times the mean.

Unit - V
PART-A 1. Define Principal plane. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 9. Write the stresses developed in thin walled Pressure vessels. What is a bi-axial stress? Define hoop stresses and longitudinal stresses. Write down the differential equation of the elastic axis. Define principal stress. What is Mohrs circle of stresses? Explain the deformation of thin cylinders.

10. State the condition for maximum shear stress when a member is subjected to two direct stresses in two mutually perpendicular directions accompanied by a single shear stress.

PART-B 1. At a point in a bracket the normal stresses on two mutually perpendicular planes are 120N/mm 2 tensile and 60N/mm2 tensile. The shear stress across these planes is 30N/mm2. Find the principal stresses and maximum shear stress at the point by using Mohrs circle. At a point within a body subjected to two mutually perpendicular directions, the stresses are 100N/mm2 (tensile) and 75N/mm2 (tensile). Each of the above stresses is accompanied by a shear stress of 75N/mm2. Determine the normal, shear and resultant stresses on an oblique plane inclined at an angle of 45 with the axis of minor tensile stress. A long steel water pipe having internal diameter d = 500mm and wall thickness 3.125mm carries a fluid of pressure 1 N/mm2. Calculate the magnitude of hoop stress in the pipe wall and increase in its diameter. Take E = 2.1 x 105N/mm2.

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4. A cylindrical shell of 1m long. 150mm internal diameter having thickness of metal as 7mm is filled with fluid at atmospheric pressure. If an additional 25c of fluid is pumped into the cylinder, find the pressure exerted by the fluid on the cylindrical shell and the resulting hoop stress. Assume E = 2 x 105N/mm2 and poissons ratio = 0.27. 5. The principal stresses at a point in the section of a heat exchanger shell ate 18MPa (tensile) and 10MPa (Compressive) acting mutually perpendicular to each other. Determine the normal, shear and resultant stress intensities on a plane whose normal is inclined at 60 to 10MPa stress. Find also the maximum shear stress.

6. Draw Mohrs Circle for a 2 dimensional stress field subjected to a) Pure shear. b) Pure biaxial tension. c) Pure uni-axial compression. d) Pure uni-axial tension 7. An elemental cube is subjected to tensile stresses of 30 N/mm2 and 10 N/mm2 acting on two mutually perpendicular planes and a shear stress of 10 N/mm2 on these planes. Draw the Mohrs circle of stresses and hence determine the magnitude and direction of principal stresses and also the greatest shear stress. A thin cylinder of internal diameter 1.25 m contains a fluid at an internal pressure of 2 N/mm2. Determine the maximum thickness of the cylinder if: (i) The longitudinal stress is not to exceed 30 N/mm2. (ii) The circumferential stress is not to exceed 45 N/mm2. The principal stresses at a point across two perpendicular planes are 75 MN/m2 (tensile) and 35 MN/m2 (tensile). Find the normal, tangential stresses and the resultant stress and its obliquity on a plane at 20 with the major principal plane.

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10. A cylindrical shell 3 m long which is closed at the ends has an internal diameter of 1 m and a wall thickness of 15mm. Calculate the circumferential and longitudinal stresses induced and also change in the dimensions of the shell if it is subjected to an internal pressure of 1.5 MN/m2. Take E = 200 GN/m2 and 1/m = 0.3.

Unit - III
PART-A 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Find the expression for the slope and deflection of a cantilever beam carrying a point load at the free and by Mohrs theorem. Write the equations to find deflection. Write the formula of slope and deflection of beam by double integration methods. Explain the moment area method for calculation of slope and deflection. How is the deflection of a beam calculated by Macaulays method?

6. What is the slope and maximum deflection of simply supported beam of span L carrying a point at mid span? 7. 9. State Mohrs theorems. What is the relation between slope, deflection and radius of curvature?

10. What are the methods used to find slope and deflection at a section?

PART-B 1. A beam section is 10 meters long and is simply supported at the ends. It carries concentrated loads of 100KN and 60 KN at distances of 2 meters and 5 meters respectively from the left end. Calculate the deflection under each load. Find also the maximum deflection. Take I =18x108mm4 and E = 200KN/mm2. 2. A beam of span 6 meters and of uniform flexural rigidity EI = 40000 kNm2 is subjected to a clockwise couple of 300 kNm at a distance of 4 meters from the left end. Find the deflection at the point of application of the couple. Find also the maximum deflection. 3. A simply supported beam of spam 3 m is carrying a UDL of a 4 kN/m over the entire span. Find the maximum slope and deflection of the beam. Take E1 for the beam as 80 x 109 N-mm2.

4. A cantilever 2m long comes a point load 20kN at its free end and a UDL of 8 kN/m over the whole length. Determine the slope and deflection of the cantilever at its free end. Take E = 200 Gpa and I = 50 x 106 mm4. 5. A beam is simply supported at its ends over a span of 10m and carries tow concentrated loads of 100 KN and KN at a distance of 2m and 5m respectively from the left support. Calculate (a) slope at the left support (b) Slope and deflection under the 100KN load. Assume EI = 36 x 104 KN/m2. 6. A beam of constant cross section 10m long is freely supported at its ends and loaded with 10kN at point 3m from each end. Show that the ratio of the central deflection to that under each load is 33/27.

7. A cantilever beam of length L fixed at 1 end and free at the other caries a load W1 at the fee end and a load W2 at its center. If E1 is the flexural rigidity of the cantilever, determine the slope and deflection at the free end of the cantilever using BM diagram. 8. Derive expression of slope at support and deflection at centre of simply supported beam with centre load W. 9. A simply supported beam of span 6 m carries uniformly distributed load 5 kN/m over a length of 3 m extending from left end. Calculate the deflection and slope at mid span using Macaulays method. Take E = 200 kN/mm2. I = 6.2 x 106 mm4. 10. An overhanging beam ABC 8m long is supported at A and B such that AB=6m and the overhanging BC=2m. It has a point load of 3KN at the end C and a uniformly distributed load of 2KN/m run for a length of 3m at a distance of 1m from the end A. If Youngs modulus is 200 GPa and moment of inertia is 4.5x10-6m4, determine the deflection at the free end C and maximum deflection between A and B.