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International Journal JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AND INTERNATIONALof Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 6340(Print),

, ISSN 0976 6359(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, May-August (2012), IAEME TECHNOLOGY (IJMET)

ISSN 0976 6340 (Print) ISSN 0976 6359 (Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, May-August (2012), pp. 543-550 IAEME: www.iaeme.com/ijmet.html Journal Impact Factor (2012): 3.8071 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com

IJMET
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AERODYNAMIC FLOW SIMULATION MODEL IN DUCTED AXIAL FAN USING SIMULINK


Manikandapirapu P.K.1 Srinivasa G.R.2 Sudhakar K.G.3 Madhu D. 4
1

Ph.D Candidate, Mechanical Department, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bangalore. 2 Professor and Principal Investigator, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bangalore. 3 Dean (Research and Development), CDGI, Indore, Madhya Pradesh . 4 Professor and Head, Mechanical Department, Government Engg. College, KRPET- 571426.

ABSTRACT The paper presents to model and simulate the characteristics of cascades of aerofoil blade for the Ducted Axial Fan using simulink software. Main objective of this experiment is to model the parameter of pressure rise, lift force and coefficient of lift in ducted axial fan by using the principle of momentum equation. In this main phase of the paper, the analogy for modeling and simulation has been investigated in simulink software to optimize the aerofoil blade parameters in ducted axial fan. Keywords: Simulink, Pressure rise, Lift Force, Coefficient of Lift, Coefficient of Drag, Rotor Speed and Axial Fan. 1. 0 INTRODUCTION Mining fans and cooling tower fans normally employ axial blades and or required to work under adverse environmental conditions. They have to operate in a narrow band of speed and throttle positions in order to give best performance in terms of pressure rise, high efficiency and also stable condition. Since the range in which the fan has to operate under stable condition is very narrow, clear knowledge has to be obtained about the whole range of operating conditions if the fan has to be operated using active adaptive control devices. The performance of axial fan can be graphically represented as shown in figure 1.
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International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 6359(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, May August (2012), IAEME May-August

Fig 1. Graphic Representation of Axial Fan Performance Curve Graphical

2. TEST FACILITY AND INSTRUMENTATION Experimental setup, fabricated to create stall conditions and to introduce unstall conditions in an industrial ducted axial fan is shown in figure 2. ndustrial

Fig 2. Ducted Axial Fan Rig

A 2 HP Variable frequency 3 phase induction electrical drive is coupled to 3-phase the electrical motor to derive variable speed ranges. Schematic representation of ducted fan setup is shown in figure 3.

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International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 6359(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, May-August (2012), IAEME

Fig. 3. Ducted Axial Fan - Schematic

The flow enters the test duct through a bell mouth entry of cubic profile. The bell mouth performs two functions: it provides a smooth undisturbed flow into the duct and also serves the purpose of metering the flow rate. The bell mouth is made of fiber reinforced polyester with a smooth internal finish. The motor is positioned inside a 381 mm diameter x 457 mm length of fan casing. The aspect (L/D) ratio of the casing is 1.2. The hub with blades, set at the required angle is mounted on the extended shaft of the electric motor. The fan hub is made of two identical halves. The surface of the hub is made spherical so that the blade root portion with the same contour could be seated perfectly on this, thus avoiding any gap between these two mating parts. An outlet duct identical in every way with that at inlet is used at the down stream of the fan. A flow throttle is placed at the exit, having sufficient movement to present an exit area greater then that of the duct.

3. AERODYNAMIC FLOW MODELING 3.1. Momentum Analysis in Cascades of Aerofoil Consider a control volume of unit length (in the span direction or b=1) with an isolated airfoil is shown in fig.4 where s is the width of control volume which is equivalent to pitch of an impeller
S=
tan m = (tan 1+tan 2)

(3.1)

Now, the resultant force in peripheral direction and expressed in terms of lift and drag.
. , = =( cos + )c( sin + )

(3.2)

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International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 6359(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, May-August (2012), IAEME

Where,

(3.3)

Now from integral form of momentum equation in tangential direction which is velocity triangle ,the force on the fluid due to airfoil is just opposite to force on airfoil due fluid and is equal to gain of flow momentum
=m( = ( tan )=m( tan )= ) s (tan - tan )

(3.4)

Where m = s is mass flux (change in mass) So, now neglecting since it is smaller as compared to So,
= 2 ( )( tan - tan )cos

(3.5)

(3.6)

The pressure rise across blades can also be related to lift and drag coefficient from momentum in axial direction which is applied to control volume. Since axial component of flow velocity from inlet to outlet is unchanged. So momentum equation is ( - ) s = = sin cos (3.7)
=( ) ( ) ( cl sin - cd cos )

(3.8)

Fig. 4. Aerofoil Blade with control volume

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International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 6359(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, May-August (2012), IAEME

4. SIMULINK Simulink is a software package for modeling, simulating and analyzing dynamic systems. It supports linear and nonlinear systems, modeled in continuous time, sampled time, or a hybrid of the two. For modeling simulink provides a graphical user interface for building models as block diagrams, using click and drag mouse operations. Simulink includes a comprehensive block library of source, sink of linear and nonlinear components and connectors. 4.1 Model Description
The aerodynamic flow model is considered for simulation study. The governing Parameters of the fan considered are density of the fluid, rotor speed, Blade velocity, pitch to chord ratio, inlet flow angle, inlet velocity, pressure ratio, flow ratio and the effects of variation of these parameters are testified through simulink model. Constant block, gain block, Math function, Sum block, inverse block, display block ,radian to degree converter, degree to radian converter blocks are the typical blocks used for simulink model for aerodynamic flow modeling in ducted axial fan is shown in fig.5.

Fig. 5. Simulink Aerodynamic Flow Simulation Model for Ducted Axial Fan 547

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 6359(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, May-August (2012), IAEME

In this simulink flow model, pressure rise across the fan aerofoil blade, lift force and coefficient of lift were computed and various graphs have plotted in the section of results and discussion chapter. 5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The variations of blade diameter from 0.1651 to 0.4 m as a function of pressure ratio for constant speed of rotor at 3000 rpm, maximum pressure rise across the fan is found to be 240 N/m2 and when the diameter of blade at 0.381 m, the pressure rise is found to be 200 N/m2 is shown in fig.6.
250 Pressure Rise in N/m2 200 150 100 50 0 0.1651 0.18 0.2 0.22 0.24 0.26 0.28 0.3 0.32 0.34 0.36 0.38 0.4 Diameter of Blade Variation from Hub to Tip in m Pressure Ratio 0.115 Pressure Ratio 0.0575 Pressure Ratio 0.02875 0.4 Co-efficient of Lift 0.35 0.3 0.25 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.05 0
0.1651 0.18 0.2 0.22 0.24 0.26 0.28 0.3 0.32 0.34 0.36 0.38 0.4

Pressure Rise 0.115 Pressure Rise 0.0575 Pressure Rise 0.02875

Diameter of Blade Variation from Hub to Tip in m


Fig: 7 Co-efficient of Lift Variation at Constant Rotor Speed of 3000 rpm

Fig: 6 Pressure Rise Variation at Constant Rotor Speed of 3000 rpm

40 35 Lift Force In N 30 25 20 15 10 5 0

Pressure Raise in N/m2

Pressure Ratio 0.115 Pressure Ratio 0.02875 Pressure Ratio 0.0575

250 200 150 100 50 0

pressure Ratio 0.02875 pressure ratio 0.0575 pressure Ratio 0.115

0.1651 0.18 0.2 0.22 0.24 0.26 0.28 0.3 0.32 0.34 0.36 0.38 0.4

Diameter of Blade Variation from Hub to Tip in m


Fig: 8 Lift Force Variation at Constant Rotor Speed of 3000 rpm

Inlet Flow Angle ( 1 )


Fig: 9 Pressure Rise Variation for Different Inlet Flow Angle

The variations of blade diameter from 0.1651 to 0.4 m as a function of pressure ratio for constant speed of rotor at 3000 rpm, Lift coefficient across the fan is found to be maximum value of 0.38 for the pressure ratio of 0.115 and when the diameter of blade at 0.381 m, the coefficient of lift is found to be 0.38 is shown in fig.7.

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International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 6359(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, May-August (2012), IAEME

The variations of blade diameter from 0.1651 to 0.4 m as a function of pressure ratio for constant speed of rotor at 3000 rpm, maximum lift force across the fan is found to be 36 N for the pressure ratio of 0.115 and when the diameter of blade at 0.381 m, the lift force is found to be 33 N is shown in fig.8. The variations of inlet flow angle from 79.08 to 85.45 as a function of pressure ratio, maximum pressure rise across the fan is found to be 245 N/ m2 for the inlet flow angle of 85.45 and when the pressure ratio at 0.0575, pressure rise across the aerofoil blade is found 100 N/m2 is shown in fig.9. 6. CONCLUSION In this paper, an attempt has been made to model and simulate the characteristics of cascades of aerofoil blade for the ducted axial fan by using simulink software. It is useful to design the blade of axial fan and optimize the geometric and design parameters of fan blade viz. pitch to chord ratio, inlet flow angle, chord length, pressure rise, lift force and coefficient of lift in ducted axial fan. Further, this work can be extended by working on the unsteady state condition and simulate the system by using control system algorithm. The results so far discussed, indicate that aerodynamic analysis of cascades of aerofoil blade of an axial fan by using simulink is very promising. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The authors gratefully thank AICTE (rps) Grant. for the financial support of present work. NOMENCLATURE Cl = Coefficient of lift Cd = Coefficient of drag N = Tip speed of the blades in rpm Fd = Drag force in N P2 - P1 = Pressure rise in N/m2 d = Diameter of the blade in m air = Density of air in kg/m3 S = Pitch of the impeller in m m = Direction of the mean relative flow from the tangential direction Fl = Lift force in N c = chord length in m = Efficiency of fan

REFERENCES [1] Day I J (1993),Active Suppression of Rotating Stall and Surge in Axial Compressors, ASME Journal of Turbo machinery, vol 115, P 40-47. [2] Patrick B Lawlees (1999),Active Control of Rotating Stall in a Low Speed Centrifugal Compressors, Journal of Propulsion and Power, vol 15, No 1, P 38-44. [3]C A Poensgen (1996) ,Rotating Stall in a Single-Stage Axial Compressor, Journal of Turbomachinery, vol.118, P 189-196. [4] J D Paduano (1996), Modeling for Control of Rotating stall in High Speed
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International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 6359(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, May-August (2012), IAEME

Multistage Axial Compressor ASME Journal of Turbo machinery, vol 118, P 1-10. [5] Chang Sik Kang (2005),Unsteady Pressure Measurements around Rotor of an Axial Flow Fan Under Stable and Unstable Operating Conditions, JSME International Journal, Series B, vol 48, No 1, P 56-64. [6] A H Epstein (1989),Active Suppression of Aerodynamic instabilities in turbo machines, Journal of Propulsion, vol 5, No 2, P 204-211. [7] Bram de Jager (1993),Rotating stall and surge control: A survey, IEEE Proceedings of 34th Conference on Decision and control. [8] S Ramamurthy (1975),Design, Testing and Analysis of Axial Flow Fan, M E Thesis, Mechanical Engineering Dept, Indian Institute of Science. [9] William W Peng (2008), Fundamentals of Turbo machinery, John Wiley & sons.Inc. AUTHORS Manikandapirapu P.K. received his B.E degree from Mepco Schlenk Engineering college, M.Tech from P.S.G College of Technology,Anna University,and now is pursuing Ph.D degree in Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bangalore under VTU University. His Research interest include: Turbomachinery, fluid mechanics, Heat transfer and CFD. Srinivasa G.R. received his Ph.D degree from Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore. He is currently working as a professor in mechanical engineering department, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bangalore. His Research interest include: Turbomachinery, Aerodynamics, Fluid Mechanics, Gas turbines and Heat transfer.

Sudhakar K.G received his Ph.D degree from Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore. He is currently working as a Dean (Research and Development) in CDGI, Indore, Madhyapradesh. His Research interest include: Surface Engineering, Metallurgy, Composite Materials, MEMS and Foundry Technology.

Madhu D received his Ph.D degree from Indian Institute of Technology (New Delhi). He is currently working as a Professor and Head in Government Engineering college, KRPET-571426, Karnataka. His Research interest include: Refrigeration and Air Conditioning, Advanced Heat Transfer Studies, Multi phase flow, and IC Engines.

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