SOFT SWITCHING BOOST CONVERTER

WITH MPPT FOR SOLAR HOME

LIGHTING SYSTEM
D.Shankar , A.S.Werulkar

And P.S.Kulkarni

Presented by:

D.Shankar
M.Tech,
ELECTRICAL ENGG.DEPT. , VNIT

E-mail:shankarnaik235@gmail.Com
WHY SOLAR ENERGY?
Solar energy is the most readily available source of
energy.
It is free.
It is also the most important of the non-conventional
sources of energy because it is non-polluting.

OUTLINE
Modeling of PV module
Maximum power point tracking
Soft-switching dc-dc converter
PV systems with MPPT
Perturb and Observe (P&O) MPPT algorithm
Conclusions
References

INTRODUCTION
A MPPT system has been developed, consisting of a soft
switching BOOST-type dc/dc converter, irrespective of the
temperature and irradiation conditions and of the load electrical
characteristics.
It overcomes the problem of mismatch between the solar arrays
and the given load.
The conventional boost converter decreases the efficiency
because of hard switching, which generates losses when the
switches are turned on/off.
MODELING OF PV MODULE
A PV module consists of a number of solar cells
connected in series and parallel to obtain the desired
voltage and current output levels.
Each solar cell is basically a p-n diode.




The basic equation that describes the current output of
PV module of the single diode model is given by

|
|
.
|

\
|
+
= 1 exp
c
S
P
s
s
s P ph p
AKT
I R
N
I R
N
V
q
I N I N I
SOLAR CELLS CHARACTERISTICS.
The solar cell has nonlinear V I and PV characteristics,
which depend on the irradiance, the operating
temperature and load condition of the cell.
The CurrentVoltage relationship & The Power - voltage
relationship curve of a solar PV module is given by
WHAT IS A MAXIMUM POWER POINT
TRACKER?
Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT):
Technique used in power electronics systems to obtain the maximum
possible energy from PV arrays.
Its use is desired to compensate for the effect of temperature, variations
in solar radiation, and load condition in a PV system.
A DC-DC converter (step up), serves the purpose of transferring maximum
power from the PV module to the load and acts as an interface between the
load and the module.

PV ARRAY CURRENT-VOLTAGE CURVES
& POWER-VOLTAGE CURVES









Mismatch between resistive load and PV Source; current
voltage curves & powervoltage curves


SOFT-SWITCHING DC-DC CONVERTER
The dcdc converter for a PV system has to control the
variation of the maximum power point of the solar cell
output.

Force the voltage across the switching device to drop to
zero before turning it ON Zero-Voltage Switching
(ZVS)

Force the current through the switching device to drop to
zero before turning it OFF Zero-Current Switching
(ZCS)

WHY SOFT-SWITCHING?
Reduce switching losses especially at high switching
frequencies.

Increase the power density, since the size and weight of
the magnetic components is decreased by increasing the
operating frequency.

Reduce the Electromagnetic Interference (EMI).

SOFT-SWITCHING BOOST CONVERTER






Values of resonant inductor and resonant capacitor are
calculated by
|
.
|

\
|
I
+ A
|
.
|

\
|

I
<
min max min
2 2
I i T D V TV D L
L fw o r
o o
r
r
r
V
T D I
V
L I
L
T D
C
2
min min
2 2
2
min
2
2 2
min
8 . 0 4 04 . 0
I

I
+
I
=
MPPT LIMITATION
The maximum power transfer occurs when the
source impedance equal to load impedance. i.e.
The input impedance is given by

The converter output voltage & current is given
by


The relation between & is given by
in
in
in
I
V
R =
D
V
V
S
O

=
1
) 1 ( D I I
S O
=
( ) ( )
LOAD
O
O
S
S
in
R D
I
V
D
I
V
R
2 2
1 1 = = =
LOAD
in
R
R
D =1
in
R
load
R
BASIC PERTURB AND OBSERVE
Reference voltage control.
Direct duty ratio control.





System performance is affected by:
Step Size
Perturbation Frequency
( )
MPPT
f
( )
REF
V DorA A
CONTD..
Implemented through a DC/DC converter
LOGIC
1. Change duty cycle
2. Observe consequences on power output
3. Decide direction of next change in duty cycle


PERTURB AND OBSERVE MPPT ALGORITHM
BOOST CONVERTER & PV MODULE
PARAMETERS
Maximum Power(P
o,
max
)
74W
p
(optional)
Switching
frequency( f
s
)
20 kHz
PV Module Voltage
(V
i
)
15-17.5V
Output Voltage (V
o
) 25V
Main Inductor( L) 280H
Resonant Inductor(
L
r
)
150H
Input Filter Inductor
(L
f
)
50H
Output
Capacitor(C
o
)
1000F
Table I. Boost Converter
Parameters
Open circuit voltage(V
oc
) 22.42V
Short circuit current(I
sc
) 4.2A
Maximum voltage(V
mpp
) 18.83V
Maximum current(I
mpp
) 3.93A
Maximum power at
STC(P
max
)
74W
P

Table II. PV Module
Parameters
MATLAB/SIMULATION &RESULTS

MPPT CONTROLLER
ZVS BOOST CONVERTER SOLAR PV PANEL
V-I & P-V CHARACTERISTICS UNDER DIFFERENT
RADIATION(MATLAB/SIMULATION RESULTS)
1000W/m
2

1000W/m
2

ZVS BOOST CONVERTER(MATLAB/SIMULATION)












Fig..1 Represent Waveform of Main Inductor Current and gate pulse.











Fig.2. Voltage and current waveform across main switch.











Fig.3. Voltage across resonant capacitor and resonant inductor current











Fig.4. Voltage across diode.
MPPT P&O METHOD

PV MODULE POWER, VOLTAGE, AND CURRENT(WITH
MPPT

With out MPPT
At 25
o
C
&1000W/m
2


PV MODULE POWER, VOLTAGE, AND
CURRENT(WITH STEP INCREASES IN RADIATION)

Time(sec)
PV MODULE POWER, AND DUTY CYCLE
VARIATION(STEP SIZE D =0.005)
PV MODULE POWER, AND DUTY CYCLE
VARIATION(WITH STEP INCREASES IN RADIATION)
CONCLUSIONS
The P&O MPPT algorithm is a simple algorithm that
does not require previous knowledge of the PV generator
characteristics or the measurement of solar intensity and
cell temperature.
Direct duty ratio control offers better stability
characteristics and higher energy utilization efficiency at
a slower transient response and worse performance at
rapidly changing irradiance.
Noise has significant impact on the algorithm
performance, especially with low step sizes where the
system response to noise is comparable to that of MPPT
perturbations.
REFERENCES

[1] R. Gules, J. De Pellegrin Pacheco, H. L. Hey, and J. Rnhoff, A
maximum power point tracking system with parallel connection for PV
stand-alone applications, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 55, no. 7, pp.
26742683, Jul. 2008.
[2] F. Liu, S. Duan, F. Liu, and Y. Kang, A variable step size INC
MPPT method for PV system, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 55, no. 7,
pp. 26222628, Jul. 2008.
[3] Sang-Hoon Park, Gil-Ro Cha, Yong-Chae Jung, and Chung-Yuen
Won, Senior Member, IEEE, Design and Application for PV Generation
System Using a Soft-Switching Boost Converter With SARC, IEEE
Transactions On Industrial Electronics, Vol. 57, No. 2, February 2010.
[4] Eftichios Koutroulis, Kostas Kalaitzakis, Member, IEEE, and
Nicholas C. Voulgaris Development of a Microcontroller-Based
Photovoltaic Maximum Power Point Tracking Control System., IEEE
TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS, VOL. 16, NO. 1,
JANUARY 2001.
[5] Rahul S. Sable, A. S. Werulkar and P. S. Kulkarni , "Microcontroller
Based Soft Switching Buck Converter for Solar Home Lighting System.,
National conference on (ETREEE-201 ) pp.(167-173), February 25-
26,2012.

Thank you
D.Shankar

E-mail:shankarnaik235@gmail.Com