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Nama

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Biologi
Kertas 2
Mei

Tingkatan

JABATAN PELAJARAN MELAKA

2 1/2 jam

____________________________________________________________
PEPERIKSAAN PENGESANAN PERTENGAHAN TAHUN
SIJIL PELAJARAN MALAYSIA 2010

BIOLOGI
Kertas 2
Dua jam tiga puluh minit
JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA DIBERITAHU

1. Tulis nama dan kelas anda pada ruangan yang

disediakan.
2.

Kertas soalan ini adalah dalam dwibahasa.

Untuk Kegunaan Pemeriksa

3. Soalan dalam bahasa Inggeris mendahului soalan

yang sepadan dalam bahasa Melayu.
Bahagian Soalan

4. Calon dibenarkan menjawab keseluruhan atau

sebahagian soalan sama ada dalam
bahasa Inggeris atau bahasa Melayu .

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

A
5. Jawapan kepada Bahagian A dan Bahagian B
hendaklah ditulis dalam ruangan jawapan yang
disediakan dalam kertas soalan.
6.

Calon dikehendaki membaca maklumat di halaman

belakang kertas soalan ini.

Markah Markah
Penuh Diperoleh
12
12
12
12
12
20
20
20
20

Jumlah

Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 28 halaman bercetak

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Section A
Bahagian A

[60 marks]
[60 markah]

Answer all questions in this section

Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini

1. Diagram 1.1 shows the organelles in an animal cell that involved in the synthesis and
secretion of protein P molecule.
Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan organel-organel yang terdapat dalam sel haiwan yang terlibat semasa
sintesis dan rembesan molekul protein P .

Nucleus
Nukleus

Plasma membrane
Membran plasma

P molecule
Molekul P

Diagram 1.1
Rajah 1.1

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(a) Name organelles labeled X, Y and Z.

Namakan organel yang berlabel X, Y dan Z.

X:............................................................................

1(a)

Y:............................................................................
Z:............................................................................
[3 marks]

(b) State the function of X .

Nyatakan fungsi X.

1(b)

.................................................................................................................................

[1 mark]
(c) Explain why organel W is found abundantly in the cell.
Terangkan mengapa organel W dijumpai dengan jumlah yang banyak dalam sel
tersebut.

...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................

1(c)

...............................................................................................................................................
[ 2 marks]

2
(d) Molecule P is the protein that is produced and is secreted by the cell.
Molekul P ialah protein yang dihasil dan dirembeskan oleh sel tersebut.

(i) What is the type of protein structure shown by the P molecule?

Apakah jenis struktur protein yang ditunjukkan oleh molekul P ini?

.......................................................................................................................................
(ii) Give one example of the P protein structure mentioned in d(i).
Nyatakan satu contoh bagi struktur protein P yang dinyatakan dalam d(i) di atas.

.....................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]

(e) Diagram 1.2 and 1.3 show a dirty shirt with oily stain and detergent brand SSS that
being used in the washing .
Rajah 1.2 dan 1.3 menunjukkan sehelai kemeja T yang dikotori oleh tompokan minyak dan
serbuk pencuci berjenama SSS yang digunakan semasa pencucian.

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1(d)

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Diagram 1.2

Diagram 1.3

Rajah 1.2

Rajah 1.3

Puan Aini uses tap water to wash the dirty clothes with SSS detergent washing
powder but the cleaning is less effective.
Puan Aini menggunakan air paip untuk mencuci pakaiannya dengan menggunakan
pencuci berjenama SSS tetapi cuciannya di dapati kurang berkesan.

Based on the information above,

Berdasarkan maklumat di atas,

1(e)(i)

( i ) Suggest one way to make the washing more effective.

Cadangkan satu cara untuk mendapatkan pencucian yang lebih berkesan.

......................
[1 mark ]

( ii ) Explain how the answer in (e) ( i ) affect the rate of bioenzyme Y reaction.
Terangkan bagaimana jawapan di (e) ( i ) mempengaruhi kadar tindakbalas bioenzim Y ?

...........

1(e)(ii)

...................................................
2

...................................................
[ 2 marks]
(iii) Give one example of bioenzyme Y that has been added into the detergent in order to
remove the oil stain.
Namakan satu contoh enzimbio Y yang telah ditambahkan ke dalam serbuk pencuci tersebut
Supaya boleh menanggalkan kesan tompokan minyak.

..............................
[ 1 mark]

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A1

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2. There are four types of food classes that are necessary for a balance diet.
Diagram 2.1 shows a few examples of food that represent each food classes that
needed for a normal adult person.

for
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Terdapat empat kelas makanan yang diperlukan untuk pemakanan yang seimbang.
Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan beberapa contoh makanan yang mewakili setiap kelas makanan yang
diperlukan oleh seorang dewasa normal.

Diagram 2.1
Rajah 2.1

(a) (i) Name the food class represented by group P.

Namakan kelas makanan P.

.....................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) State the main function of group P .

2(a)(i)

Nyatakan fungsi utama kelas makanan P.

.....................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(b)(i) Which of the food classes is good for a pregnant woman ?
Explain your answer.
Kelas makanan yang manakah baik untuk dimakan oleh wanita yang hamil.
Terangkan jawapan anda.

2(a)(ii)

......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
[3 marks]

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2(b)(i)

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(ii) The bile duct of a boy fails to function because of a blockage. Which type of
food class should be avoided by him .
Explain your answer.

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Duktus hempedu seorang budak lelaki telah tersumbat. Kelas makanan manakah yang
perlu dielakkan untuk dimakan.Terangkan jawapan anda.

..........................................................................................................................................

2(b)(ii)

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................
[3 marks]

(c) (i) Table 2.2 shows the examples of food from group P and S and the amount of energy
contained in every 100 grams of the foods.
Jadual 2.2 menunjukkan beberapa jenis makanan daripada kumpulan P dan S serta jumlah
kandungan tenaga bagi setiap 100 gram sampel makanan.

Examples of food /

Energy / kJ/100g

Contoh makanan

Tenaga / kJ/100g

Goat Milk / Susu kambing

Egg / Telur
Bread / Roti
Rice / Nasi

274
612
1025
1531

Table 2.2 /Jadual 2.2

If a student has taken in 200 ml goat milk, 150 g bread and 80 g eggs for his breakfast,
calculate the amount of energy obtained from the food.
Jika seorang pelajar mengambil sebanyak 200 ml susu kambing, 150 g roti dan 80 g telur
untuk sarapan pagi, Kirakan jumlah tenaga yang diambilnya.

[2 marks]

2(c)(i)
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(ii) Based on the energy content of rice in Table 2.2, suggest the possible energy
content for 100 g of butter. Explain your answer.
Berdasarkan kandungan tenaga bagi nasi dari Jadual 2.2, cadangkan kandungan tenaga yang
mungkin bagi 100 g mentega. Terangkan jawapan anda.

2(c)(ii)
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]

Total
A2
12

3. Diagram 3 .1 shows a food web in a freshwater pond ecosystem, which is located nearby
an agriculture area.
Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan satu jaringan makanan di dalam ekosistem sebuah kolam air tawar yang
berdekatan dengan sebuah kawasan pertanian.

Diagram 3.1
Rajah 3.1

(a) On Diagram 3.1, circle and label one example of the following organisms which can
be found in the pond :
Pada Rajah 3.1, bulat dan labelkan satu contoh organisma berikut yang boleh dijumpai di
dalam kolam :

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(i) Secondary consumer / Pengguna sekunder

3(a)

(ii) Tertiary consumer / Pengguna tertiar

[2 marks ]

(b) State the niche of prawn in Diagram 3.1.

Nyatakan nic bagi udang dalam Rajah 3.1.

...............
[1 mark ]

3(b)

(c) Explain the role of Lemna sp.and Lotus sp. on the changes of organic matter in the
base of the pond.

Terangkan peranan pokok Lemna dan teratai dalam perubahan kandungan organik pada dasar
kolam tersebut.

................

3(c)

...............
...............
[2 marks]

(d) A food chain below shows three organisms found in Diagram 3.1
Rantai makanan di bawah menunjukkan tiga organisma yang boleh dijumpai dalam Rajah 3.1

Hydrilla sp in the first trophic level absorbs 35000 kJ solar energy. Energy loss at
each trophic level is 90 %.
Calculate the total energy absorbs by the swan.
Hydrilla sp. pada aras trof pertama menyerap 35 000 kJ tenaga cahaya matahari. Tenaga
yang hilang pada setiap aras trof ialah 90 %.
Kirakan jumlah tenaga yang dipindahkan kepada angsa.

3(d)

= .. kJ
[3 marks]

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(e) (i) After 2 years, the population of aquatic organisms in the pond decreased because of
excessive usage of fertilisers in the agriculture area nearby.
Selepas 2 tahun, didapati populasi organisma akuatik kolam tersebut semakin berkurangan
akibat penggunaan baja yang berlebihan di kawasan pertanian yang berdekatan.

Explain how the excessive usage of the fertilisers decrease the aquatic organisms
population.
Terangkan bagaimana penggunaan baja yang berlebihan di kawasan pertanian dapat
mengurangkan populasi organisma akuatik .

.........
........
........

3(e)(i)

........
[2 marks]
(ii)

Explain briefly how you can determine the pollution level of the pond water.
Terangkan secara ringkas bagaimana anda dapat menentukan tahap pencemaran air kolam
tersebut.

....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................

3(e)(ii)
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]

Total
A3

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4. Diagram 4.1 (a) and 4.1(b) shows the direction of a fish tail and the condition of
muscle R in the fish tissue.
Rajah 4.1(a) dan 4.1 (b) menunjukkan arah pergerakan ekor ikan dan keadaan otot R yang
terdapat dalam tisu ikan.

Diagram 4.1(a)

Diagram 4.1(b)

Rajah 4.1(a)

Rajah 4.1(b)

Based on Diagram 4.1(a) and Diagram 4.1(b) ,

Berdasarkan Rajah 4.1(a) dan Rajah 4.1(b),

(a) (i) name muscle R.

namakan otot R.
..........

[1 mark]
(ii) state one characteristic of muscle R

4(a)(i)
1

nyatakan satu ciri otot R

...........

[1 mark]

4(a)(ii)
1

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(b) Explain the action of muscle R that enable fish to swim.

Terangkan tindakan otot R yang membolehkan ikan berenang.
..........
..........

4(b)

..........
..........

[3 marks]
(c) Diagram 4.2 shows another fish that is injured in its dorsal fin.
Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan seekor ikan lain yang tercedera sirip dorsalnya.

Diagram 4.2
Rajah 4.2

Explain how this injury affects its movement.

Terangkan bagaimana kecederaan ini menjejaskan pergerakan ikan tersebut.
.......
.......
.......

4(c)

.......

2
.......

[2 marks]

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Diagram 4.3 shows locomotion in a grasshopper.

Rajah 4.3 menunjukkan pergerakan seekor belalang.

Diagram 4.3
Rajah 4.3

(i)

Based on Diagram 4.3, explain how the extensor and flexor muscles help the
grasshopper in jumping.
Berdasarkan Rajah 4.3, terangkan bagaimana otot ekstensor dan fleksor kaki belalang
membolehkan belalang melompat.

.........................
................................
................

4(d)(i)

..................

(2 marks)

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(ii)

The flexor muscle of the grasshopper in Diagram 4.3 is injured.

Explain how this condition affects the jumping of the grasshopper.
Otot fleksor kaki belakang belalang seperti dalam rajah 4.3 telah tercedera.
Berdasarkan Rajah 4.3 dan maklumat yang diberikan, terangkan bagaimana keadaan ini
mempengaruhi lompatan belalang tersebut.

................
...................
................
................
...............
..............

(3 marks)

4(d)(ii)
3

Total
A4

12

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5. Diagram 5.1 shows a uriniferous tubule and its associated blood vessels. Diagram 5.2
shows structure cells of tubule U as seen through an electron microscope.

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Gambarajah 5.1 menunjukkan tubul uriniferus dan salur darah yang berkaitan. Gambarajah 5.2
menunjukkan struktur sel tubul U seperti yang dilihat di bawah mikroskop elektron.

Diagram 5.1
Rajah 5.1

Tubule U cells
Sel tubul U

Diagram 5.2
Rajah 5.2

(a) State three differences in the composition of the glomerulus filtrate in T and tubule V.
Nyatakan tiga perbezaan kandungan hasil turasan glomerulus pada T dan tubul V.

.........................................
........................................

5(a)
..........................................................................................................................................
[ 3 marks ]

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(b) Based on the Diagram 5.2 explain how the cells of tubule U are structured for
reabsorption of sodium ions.
Berdasarkan Gambarajah 5.2, terangkan bagaimana sel tubul U distrukturkan untuk
penyerapan semula ion natrium.

.........................................

5(b)

.........................................

.........................................
[2 marks]
(c) Table 5.3 shows the normal concentration of certain substances found in a collecting
duct.
Jadual 5.3 menunjukkan kepekatan normal beberapa bahan yang terdapat di dalam duktus
pengumpul.

Substances

Water

Protein

Glucose

Urea

Salts

[Bahan]

[Air]

[Protein]

[Glukosa]

[Urea]

[Garam]

97.0

0.00

0.00

2.00

0.50

Concentration
[Kepekatan]

(%)
Table 5.3 /Jadual 5.3
Explain how the normal concentration of the substances present in a collecting duct will
change if taking too much of sea foods and salty food.
Terangkan bagaimana kepekatan normal bahan-bahan yang terdapat dalam duktus pengumpul
akan berubah selepas mengambil makanan laut dan garam yang berlebihan.

Excess sea food / Makanan laut yang berlebihan :

..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................

Excess salty food / Garam yang berlebihan :

............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
[4 marks]

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(d) Diagram 5.4 shows the flow of blood and dialysis fluid through a dialysis machine that
being used by a patient with kidney failure.

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Rajah 5.4 menunjukkan aliran darah dan bendalir dialisis melalui satu mesin dialisis yang
digunakan oleh pesakit yang mengalami masalah kegagalan fungsi ginjal.

Diagram 5.4
Rajah 5.4

Based on Diagram 5.4, explain how the dialysis machine replace the function of the
patients kidney.
Berdasarkan Rajah 5.4, terangkan bagaimana mesin dialisis tersebut dapat menggantikan
fungsi ginjal pesakit tersebut.

.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

[3 marks]

5(d)
3

Total
A5

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Section B
Bahagian B

[40 marks]
[40 markah]

Answer any two questions from this section

Jawab mana-mana dua soalan daripada bahagian ini.

6. Diagram 6.1 shows a reproduction process of an Ameoba sp.

Rajah 6.1 menunjukkan proses pembiakan yang berlaku dalam Ameoba sp.

Diagram 6.1
Rajah 6.1

(a)

(i) Based on Diagram 6.1, name the type of cell division involved in the reproduction
process and explain your answer.
Berdasarkan Rajah 6.1, namakan jenis pembahagian sel yang terlibat dalam proses
pembiakan tersebut dan jelaskan jawapan anda.

[2 marks]

(ii) Define the meaning of the cell division named in (a)(i) operationally.
Takrifkan secara operasi akan pembahagian sel yang dinamakan dalam (a)(i).
[2 marks]

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(b) Diagram 6.2 shows a new variant of papaya, Exotica which is produced by a
cross breeding of papaya, Malaysian papaya and Hawaiian papaya.
Rajah 6.2 menunjukkan satu variasi baru betik, Exotica yang terhasil dari kacukan
silang antara betik Malaysia dan betik Hawaii.

Diagram 6.2
Rajah 6.2

Based on the above diagram and your biology knowledge, explain how a farmer can
propagate this good quality of Exotica papaya to give a large scale of yield and at the
same time maintain its quality.
Berdasarkan rajah di atas dan pengetahuan biologi anda, terangkan bagaimana seorang petani
dapat memperbanyakkan betik Exotica yang baik kualitinya ini supaya hasil ladang dapat
meningkat dan pada masa yang sama, kualiti dapat dipelihara.

[6 marks]

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(c) Diagram 6.3 shows the stages in cell division K and Diagram 6.4 shows the stages in
cell division L ; both in animal cells.
Rajah 6.3 menunjukkan peringkat-peringkat pembahagian sel K dan Rajah 6.4
menunjukkan peringkat-peringkat pembahagian sel L; kedua-duanya dalam sel haiwan.

Cell Division K / Pembahagian Sel K

Diagram 6.3 / Rajah 6.3

Cell Division L / Pembahagian Sel L

Diagram 6.4 / Rajah 6.4

Describe four similarities and six differences between Diagram 6.3 and Diagram 6.4.
Huraikan empat persamaan dan enam perbezaan antara Rajah 6.3 dan Rajah 6.4.

[10 marks]

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7. (a) Diagram 7.1 shows a formation process of fluid P in the human circulatory system.
Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan proses pembentukan bendalir P yang berlaku dalam sistem
pengangkutan manusia.

Diagram 7.1
Rajah 7.1

(a) Based on Diagram 7.1, describe the formation of fluid P.

Berdasarkan Rajah 7.1, huraikan proses pembentukan bendalir P.

[4 marks]
(b) Raziah was shocked when the doctor told that her baby girl has been diagnosed with
Hepatitis B. She explained to the doctor that her baby already had her first
immunisation for Hepatitis B last month. Based on your biological knowledge, explain
why this incident occurs.
Raziah terkejut apabila dimaklumkan oleh doktor bahawa bayi perempuannya disahkan
mengidap Hepatitis B. Dia menjelaskan bahawa bayinya telahpun diberikan imunisasi untuk
Hepatitis B yang pertama pada bulan lepas. Berdasarkan pengetahuan biologi anda, jelaskan
mengapa keadaan ini boleh berlaku.

[6 marks]
(c) The following statements are on lymphatic system and blood circulatory system.
Pernyataan yang berikut adalah mengenai sistem limfa dan juga sistem peredaran
darah.

The substances that come out from the blood capillaries into the body tissue will
re-enter into the blood circulatory system.
Bahan yang terturas keluar dari kapilari darah ke dalam tisu badan akan memasuki semula
sistem petedaran darah

Lymphatic system also functions in transporting products of digestion.

Sistem limfa juga berfungsi dalam pengangkutan hasil-hasil pencernaan.

Explain the above statements to justify that lymphatic system is a complementary to

the blood circulatory system.
Terangkan pernyataan di atas bagaimana sistem limfa melengkapi sistem peredaran darah.

[10 marks]

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8 (a) Diagram 8.1 shows a human digestive system.

Rajah 8.1 menunjukkan sistem pencernaan manusia.

Diagram 8.1
Rajah 8.1

Milk is the only diet for babies. Milk is digested and absorbed in the digestive tract.
Describe the process of milk digestion that occurs in R,S,T and U in Diagram 8.1
Susu merupakan makanan unggul bagi bayi. Susu dicerna dan diserap dalam saluran
pencernaan. Terangkan proses pencernaan susu yang berlaku di dalam R,S,T dan U dalam
Rajah 8.1.

[10 marks]
(b)

Diagram 8.2 shows a set of favourable menu of a teenager.

Rajah 8.2 menunjukkan set hidangan kegemaran seorang remaja.

Table 2

Diagram 8.2/Rajah 8.2

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Based on Diagram 8.2, explain the effects of consuming the above menu set for a long
period of time to the teenager.
Berdasarkan Rajah 8.2, terangkan kesan pengambilan menu makanan di atas dalam tempoh
jangka masa yang panjang ke atas remaja tersebut.

[10 marks]

9 (a) Diagram 9.1 shows a mangrove swamp

Rajah 9.1 menunjukkan satu kawasan paya bakau.

Diagram 9.
Rajah 9.1

Explain why most plants cannot colonise and grow in the swamps and explain how the
mangrove trees adapt themselves to the harsh living conditions.
Terangkan mengapa kebanyakan tumbuhan tidak boleh hidup dan tumbuh di kawasan paya
bakau dan terangkan bagaimana pokok bakau ini menyesuaikan diri dengan keadaan hidup
yang sukar.

[10 marks]

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(c) Diagram 9.2 shows an industrial area that had been developed without well planned
and proper management.
Rajah 9.2 menunjukkan satu kawasan perindustrian yang telah dibangunkan secara tidak
terancang dan dengan pengurusan yang teliti.

Diagram 9.2
Rajah 9.2

Discuss the effects of unplanned development and improper management on the

ecosystem.
Berdasarkan kenyataan di atas, terangkan kesan pembangunan yang tidak terancang dan
terurus terhadap ekosistem.

[10 marks]

END OF QUESTION PAPER

KERTAS SOALAN TAMAT

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ANSWER SHEET
RUANG JAWAPAN
QUESTION NUMBER : _______________

NOMBOR SOALAN :

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ANSWER SHEET
RUANG JAWAPAN
QUESTION NUMBER : _______________

NOMBOR SOALAN :

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ANSWER SHEET
RUANG JAWAPAN
QUESTION NUMBER : _______________

NOMBOR SOALAN :

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ANSWER SHEET
RUANG JAWAPAN
QUESTION NUMBER : _______________

NOMBOR SOALAN :

___________

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INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES

MAKLUMAT KEPADA CALON

1. This question paper consists of two sections: Section A and Section B.

Kertas soalan ini mengandungi dua bahagian: Bahagian A dan Bahagian B.
2. Answer all questions in Section A. Write your answers for Section A clearly in spaces
provided in the question paper.
Jawab semua soalan dalam Bahagian A. Jawapan anda bagi Bahagian A hendaklah
ditulis pada ruang yang disediakan dalam kertas soalan ini.
3. Answer any two questions from Section B. Write your answers for Section B on the
answer sheet provided in the question paper. You may use equations, diagrams, tables,
graphs and other suitable methods to explain your answer.
Jawab mana-mana dua soalan daripada Bahagian B. Jawapan anda bagi Bahagian B
hendaklah ditulis dalam ruangan jawapan yang disediakan dalam kertas soalan. Anda
boleh menggunakan persamaan, rajah, jadual, graf, dan cara lain yang sesuai untuk
menjelaskan jawapan anda.
4. The diagrams in the questions are not drawn to scale unless stated.
Rajah yang mengiringi soalan tidak dilukis mengikut skala kecuali dinyatakan
.

5. The marks allocated for each question or sub-part of a question are shown in brackets.
Markah yang diperuntukan bagi setiap soalan atau ceraian soalan ditunjukkan dalam kurungan .
6. If you wish to change your answer, cross out the answer that you have done. Then write
down the new answer.
Jika anda hendak menukar jawapan, batalkan jawapan yang telah dibuat. Kemudian
tulis jawapan yang baru.
7. You may use a non-programmable scientific calculator.
Anda dibenarkan menggunakan kalkulator saintifik yang tidak boleh diprogram .

8. You are advised to spend 90 minute to answer question in Section A and 60 minutes for
Section B.
Anda dinasihati supaya mengambil masa 90 minit untuk menjawab soalan dalam Bahagian A
dan 60 minit untuk Bahagian B.

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