PART 1: VERB TENSE AND VERB FORM. A.

Tenses:
1. The simple present tense: (th hin ti n) S + V(s/es) ( to be : S + am / is / are ) Adverbs: always, usually, often, sometimes, everyday/week/night, seldom, rarely Din t mt s tht hin nhin hoc mt hnh ng thng xuyn xy ra. 2. The present continuous tense: (th hin ti tip din) S + am / is / are + V-ing Adverbs: now, at the moment, at present, right now. Din t mt s vic ang xy ra thi im hin ti Cu trc be + going to + V din t tng lai gn 3. The present perfect tense: (th hin ti hon thnh) S + have / has + V pp(ed/3) Adverbs: just, already, notyet, never, ever, recently, several/many times, up to now, so far, For + khong thi gian, Since + mc thi gian Din t mt s vic xy ra khng xc nh c thi gian hoc mt s viecj xy ra xc nh r thi gian nhng cha kt thc . 4. The simple past tense: (th qu kh n) S + Ved/2 (ng t to be: S + was / were)

Adverbs: yesterday, last, ago, in (2005). Din t mt s vic din ra ti mt thi im xc nh trong qu kh 5. The past continuous tense: (th qu kh tip din) S + was / were + V -ing DIn t mt s vic ang din ra ti mt thi im trong qu kh ( at 7:00 last night) Din t hai s vic din ra song song trong qu kh ( vi cc lin t : when, while, as) 6. The past perfect tense : (th qu kh hon thnh) S + had + Vpp Din t mt hnh ng xy ra trc mt thi im hoc mt s vic khc trong qu kh . Thng dng km vi th qu kh n ( trong cu c cc lin t : before, after, until) 7. The simple future tense: (th tng lai n) S + will / shall + V(bare) (Dng be going to + V din t mt tng lai gn)

Adverbs: tomorrow, in the future, next, in six days (trong 6 ngy ti ) 8. The present perfect continuous : (th hin ti hon thnh tip din) S + have / has + been + V-ing

Din t hnh ng xy ra trong qu kh v ko di lin tc n hin ti ( wait, sleep, study.) Ex: I have been waiting for her for 3 hours/ since 3 oclock 9. The future continuous: (th tng lai tip din). S + will + be + V-ing Din t mt s vic ang xy ra hoc xy ra song song vi mt hnh ng khc trong tng lai. Ex: This time next week we will be lying on the beach 10. The future perfect: (th tng lai hon thnh). S + will + have + Vpp Din t mt s vic hon thnh trc mt thi im trong tng lai Ex : We will have left school before this July

The adverbial clauses of time: (Mnh trng ng ch thi gian): l mnh s dng cc lin t : when, while, as, after, before, as soon as, till, until, since. S phi hp v th trong mnh trng ng ch thi gian Main clause 1. Present tenses ( hin ti) 2. Past tenses (qu kh) 3. Future tenses (tng lai) Adverbial clause of time present tenses past tenses present tenses

Notes :
Khng dng th tng lai ( will/shall ) trong mnh trng ng ch thi gian Vi lin t Since: C hai hnh ng xy ra: S + has/have +Ved/3 since S + Ved/2.

S + had +Ved/3 before S + Ved/2 S + Ved/2 after S + had + Ved/3

Sau WHILE/AS thong thng l th tip din : while/ as S + was/were + V-ing Sau cc lin t m khng c Ch ng ta dng Ving: After having finished the exam, Ill go home.

Exercise: Choose the best answer:

1. I -------------- this film twice. A. see B. Saw C. will see D. have seen D. she will finish D. had died D. had just left D. has telephoned

2. After -------------- her performance, she invited the audience to ask questions. A. she finishes B. finished C. finishing 3. His father -------------- of cancer last year. A. will die B. has died C. died 4. The train -------------- when we got to the station. A. just left B. just leaves C. has just left 5. As soon as Martina saw the fire, she -------------- the fire department. A. was telephoning B. telephoned C. had telephoned

6. Before Jennifer won the lottery, she -------------- any kind of contest.
A. hasnt entered B. doesnt enter C. wasnt entering D. hadnt entered 7. Every time Parkas sees a movie made in India, he -------------- homesick. A. will have left B. felt C. feels D. is feeling 8. Since I left Venezuela six years ago, I -------------- to visit friends and family several times. A. return B. will have returned C. am returning D. have returned 9. Yesterday while I was attending a sales meeting, Mathew -------------- on the company annual report. A. was working B. had been working C. has worked D. works 10. When my parents -------------- for a visit tomorrow, they will see our new baby for the first time. A. will arrive B. arrived C. arrive D. will have arrived 11. The last time I -------------- in Athens, the weather was hot and humid. A. had been B. was C. am D. will have been 12. After the race --------------, the celebration began A. had been won B. is won C. will be won D. has been won 13. Andy -------------- out of the restaurant when he -------------- Jenny A. came/saw B. is coming /saw C. came/was seeing D. was coming/had seen 14. While he was washing his car, Mr. Brown -------------- a small dint in the rear fender. A. has discovered B. was discovering C. is discovering D. discovered 15. Linda has lost her passport again. Its the second time this --------------. A. has happened B. happens C. happened D. had happened 16. At this time tomorrow, we -------------- our final exam. A. will have taking B. will be taken C. would take D. will be taking 17. The baby --------------. Dont make so much noise. A. sleep B. sleeps C. is sleeping D. slept 18. Peter said he -------------- a test the following day. A. had had B. will have C. has had D. would have 19. It is not so hot today as it -------------- yesterday. A. is B. was C. would be D. had been 20. -------------- a party next Saturday. We have sent out the invitation. A. we had B. we have C. well have D. we have had 21. Im very tired -------------- over four hundred miles to day. A. I drive B. Ive driven C. Im driving D. Ive been driving 22. Im busy at the moment . -------------- on the computer. A. I work B. Im worked C. Im working D. I worked 23. Our friends -------------- meet us at the airport tonight. A. are B. are going to C. go to D. will be to 24. I will tell Anna all the news when -------------- her A. Ill see B. Im going to see C. I see D. Im seeing 25. Dont worry, I -------------- here to help you A. be B. will be C. am going to be D. wont be 26. When I entered the room, everyone --------------. A. has been dancing B. was dancing C. had danced D. danced 27. Before the invention of the steamboat there -------------- no way to cross the ocean. A. has been B. could have been C. had been D. would be 28. He said that he -------------- his homework since 7 oclock. A. had done B. did C. has done D. was doing 29. Tom said everything -------------- ready when the match --------------. A. will be/starts B. would be/started C. is/started D. will be/started 30. How long -------------- able to drive? - Since 1990. A. could you B. have you been C. were you D. are you 31. She won't get married until she -------------- 25 years old. A. is B. will be C. had been D. was. 32. Look. The yard is wet. It -------------- last night. A. must rain B. couldnt have rained C. must have rained D. should have rained 33. After Mary -------------- her degree, she intends to work in her father's company. A. will finish B. is finishing C. finishes D. will have finished

34. When he -------------- all the letters, he took them to the post office.
A. has written B. had written 35. By the end of this month, I -------------- English for 6 years. A. have learnt B. will have learnt 36. We -------------- in touch with each other for years. A. will not keep B. are not keeping 37. She has learnt French -------------- the age of five. A. since B. for 38. Tom -------------- before we arrived there. A. has left B. had left 39. Up to now, I -------------- a lot of information about her. A. learnt B. have learnt 40. Wait here until I -------------- you. A. am going to call B. will call 41. When I came to visit her, she -------------- a bath. A. was having B. has C. wrote C. had learnt C. did not keep C. before C. will leave C. will learn C. am calling C. is having D. had been writing D. learnt D. have not kept D. in D. leaves D. would learn D. call D. had

Mary had to go to New York last week, but she almost ---42----------- the plane. She ---43----------- in the queue at the check-in desk when she suddenly ----44---------- that she ----45---------- her passport at home. Fortunately, she ---46----------- very far from the airport, so she ----47---------- time to take a taxi at home to get it. 42. A. missed B. was missing C. had missed 43. A. stood B. had stood C. was standing 44. A. was realizing B. realized C. had realized 45. A. was leaving B. left C. had left 46. A. hadnt lived B. doesnt live C. didnt live 47. A. had B. had had C. has 48. It is an hour since he --------------, so he should be at office now. A. left B. has left C. had left D. had been missing D. had been standing D. would realize D. would leave D. hasnt lived D. has had D. was leaving

B.

Transformation of tenses: Notes: a. It + be + time + since + simple past b. It is the first/ second/ third time + present perfect c. The last time + simple past d. Present perfect + since + simple past

Exercise: Rewrite these sentences: 1. The last time she had a swim was ten years ago. She hasnt 2. I have never met such a famous person before. It is ................................. 3. I last saw him when I was a student. I havent ...................................... 4. I havent come there for two years. I last ............................................ 5. I have studied English for seven years. I started .......................................... Exercise: Choose the best answer: 1. I have never seen such beautiful pictures before. A. These pictures are the most beautiful I have never seen. B. These pictures are the most beautiful I have ever seen.

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C. This is the first time I see beautiful pictures. D. This is the first time I have seen beautiful pictures. Jack has stopped writing letters to Jill. A. Jack has no longer stopped writing letters to Jill. B. Jack used to write letters to Jill. C. Jack has never written letters to Jill. D. Jack stopped writing letters to Jill when Jill come. Mary has been working in this company for five years. A. Mary began to work in this company for five years. B. Mary began working in this company for five years ago. C. Mary began to work in this company five years ago. D. Mary has begun to work in this company five years ago. I have never eaten this kind of food before. A. I used to eat this kind of food before. B. Before I came here I had ever eaten this kind of food. C. This is the first time I have ever eaten this kind of food. D. This is the most delicious food I have ever eaten. She last saw him years ago. A. She hasnt seen him years ago B. She hasnt seen him for years ago. C. She didnt see him for years . D. Its years since she last saw him. Its ages since I last saw a Hollywood film. A. Its ages because I last saw a Hollywood film. B. I havent seen any Hollywood film before. C. I saw a last Hollywood film since ages ago. D. I havent seen a Hollywood film for a long time. He hasnt smoked a cigarette for a week. A. It is for a week that he hasnt smoked a cigarette. B. It is a week since he last smoked a cigarette. C. It is a cigarette that he smoked a week ago. D. It is a week ago that he smoked a cigarette. It started to rain at 2 oclock and it is still raining. A. It has been raining at 2 oclock. B. It has been raining since 2 oclock. C. It has been raining for 2 oclock. D. It has been raining in 2 oclock. They had finished their tea and then they left. A. They finished their tea after they had left. B. After they had left, they finished their tea. C. They had left before they finished their tea. D. After they had finished their tea, they left. John began playing the piano 10 years ago. A. John played the piano 10 years ago. B. John has played the piano for 10 years. C. John used to play the piano 10 years ago. D. John doesnt play the piano anymore.

C. Verb form:

1.

V + Verb ( bare ): had better (d better), would rather (d rather), used to, have to, help (toV/ Vbare), Can/could/may/must/will, make/ let + O + V (Nu dng b ng : Be let/made + to V) 2. V + V-ing: admit, avoid, appreciate, delay, deny, detest, dislike, enjoy, look forward, mind, miss, postpone, risk, practice, suggest, give up, finish, cant bear, cant help, feel like, be busy, be worth, be used to, get used to, its no use/good After prepositions: to, at from, about,..

3. V + to V: agree, arrange, ask, beg, decide, determine, desire, expect, fail, hope, invite, manage, offer, plan, refuse, seem, tell, tend, wish, want, would like, be willing S + V ( be, seem, look, feel,..) + ADJ + to V Verb ( want, ask, tell, request, order, beg, advise, . ) + O + to V

4. Cc trng hp ngoi l khc Allow/ permit/ recommend/ advise + O + To V Stop + to V : dng li . V-ing: t b (thi quen) Remember + V-ing: nh lm g (qu kh ) To V: nh s lm g (tng lai) Forget + V-ing: qun lm g (qu kh) To V : qun khng lm g (tng lai) Regret + V-ing: hi hn v lm g To V: thng bo mt tin xu Try + V-ing: th lm g To V: c gng lm g Need: Nu ch ng ch ngi: S + need, require, want + to V Nu ch ng ch vt: S + need, require, want + V- ing or to be V(pp)

Exercise: Choose the best answer:

1. Many young people are fond of -------------- football and other kinds of sports.
A. play B. to play C. playing D. played 2. They couldnt help -------------- when they heard the little boy singing a love song. A. laughing B. to laugh C. laugh D. laughed 3. Your house needs -------------- . A. redecorated B. redecorating C. being redecorated D. to redecorate 4. I remember -------------- them to play in my garden. A. to allow B. allow C. allowing D. allowed 5. It was a nasty memory. Do you remember both of us wearing sunglasses to avoid -------------- by the supervisors? A. to recognize B. to be recognized C. recognizing D. being recognized 6. I cant bear thinking back of that time. Id rather -------------- equally. A. treat B. be treated C. have treated D. treating 7. Did you accuse Nam of -------------- a plate? Well, I saw him -------------- it off the table with his elbow. A. break/ knock B. breaking/ knocking C. to break/ to knock D. breaking/ knock 8. We found it very difficult -------------- with Gamma. A. to work B. work C. working D. worked 9. I cant read when I am traveling. It makes me -------------- sick. A. feel B. to feel C. felt D. feeling 10. I need -------------- whats in the letter. Why dont you let me -------------- it? A. to know/ to read B. know/ read C. to know/ read D. knowing/ read 11. I suggest -------------- some more mathematical puzzles. A. do B. to do C. doing D. done

12. We regret -------------- you that we cannot approve your suggestion. A. inform B. to inform C. informing D. informed 13. The driver stopped -------------- a coffee because he felt sleepy. A. have B. to have C. having D. had 14. Have you ever considered -------------- a pharmacist? A. become B. becoming C. to become D. became 15. You had better -------------- at home until you feel better. A. staying B. stayed C. to stay D. stay 16. I remember -------------- my mother said the grass in the garden needed --------------. A. to hear/cutting B. hear/cut C. heard/to cut D. hearing/ cutting 17. Peter sometimes help his sister --------------. A. do homework B. to do homework C. with homework D. all are correct 18. I would rather -------------- at home than --------------out with you. A. staying/going B. to stay/ to go C. stay/go D. stayed/went 19. I would rather you --------------. A. drive B. to drive C. drove D. driven 20. She didnt say a word and left the room. A. She left the room without saying a word B. She leaving the room without saying a word C. She left the room saying a word D. She left the room to say a word. 21. My father wanted me -------------- a pilot. A. become B. to become C. becoming D. became 22. Please wait a minute. My boss is busy -------------- something. A. write B. writing C. to write D. to writing 23. My teacher doesnt allow us -------------- while he is explaining the lesson. A. talk B. to talk C. talking D. talked 24. We have plenty of time. We neednt -------------A. hurry B. to hurry C. hurrying D. hurried 25. I promised -------------- on time. I mustnt -------------- late. A. be/be B. to be/to be C. to be/ be D. be/to be 26. Mary and I are looking forward -------------- you. A. of seeing B. for seeing C. to seeing D. to see 27. Im sure that he knows -------------- this new machine. A. to use B. using C. how using D. how to use 28. Psychiatrists and doctors have failed -------------- people not to drink. A. to tell B. telling C. tell D. told 29. The students are used to -------------- in the school library. A. working B. work C. to work D. worked 30. Our room needs -------------- up. A. tidied B. to tide C. tidy D. tidying 31. Mercurys low gravity makes you -------------- very light in a spaceship. A. feel B. feeling C. to feel D. felt 32. Was the test long?. Yes, John was the only one -------------- it A. to finish B. finishing C. finished D. finish 33. A lots of needs -------------- to the house before anyone can move in. A. be done B. doing C. to do D. done 34. It is about time you -------------- harder for the next exam. A. worked B. working C. work D. to work 35. If he really doesnt feel like -------------- now, I suggested that he should go out for some fresh air. A. work B. to work C. worked D. working

Exercise :
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. David (come) from England. He (come) to Paris six months ago. He (learn).. French for two years. He (start) learning French when he was 18. He (be) a student at Yale University now. His mother usually (send) him email every week.

7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

He (not like) . cooking very much. Where (he/ be) all day? Why (you / wash)your car this early morning? What ( you / do ) . since yesterday? What ( he / do ) . yesterday ? My father never ( drink ) wine . 13. When the earthquake ( take place).., I ( work) in my office. 14. Shakespeare (write ) many dramas. 15. Look! That girl ( go )..to catch the bus. 16. ( you / be ) to the United States? 17. We ( go ) there last summer. 18. What ( you / do ) last weekend? 19. ( you / meet) her when you were in Italy? 20. Those singers ( be ) famous in my country for years. 21. The students ( play ) football since 8 oclock. 22. I (have ) dinner when my friend (come) last night. 23. Nobody (like) him because he is so lazy. 24. She often (write) in green ink. 25. What time (he / get up) every day? 26. He never (come ) to class in time. 27. They (be ) here for ten years. 28. Mary (can) cook when she (be) ten. 29. Yesterday, they (not/ go ) to the park. 30. Have you ever ( see ) a giraffe? 31. We ( not / see ) him since Christmas. 32. Oh, really ? We ( watch ) TV now. 33. When we came, he (write ) a letter to his parents. 34. Last night, at eight oclock we ( have ) dinner. 35. He often ( go ) to bed at midnight. 36. She sometimes (watch ) cowboy films. 37. (She / watch ) football sometimes? 38. My mother never (drink ) wine. 39. How (you / go ) to school everyday? 40. When a child, my father ( work ) very hard.