I HC CNG NGH THNG TIN & TRUYN THNG

Khoa Cng Ngh in T V Truyn Thng

BO CO VIBA S
ti: Tm hiu thit b SDH/64 QAM ca hng BOSCH TELECOM
Nhm 6:
1. Phm Vn Tm
2.Vng S Tn
3.Nguyn Quang Huy
4.Hong Vn Hip
5.Nguyn Thanh H
Lp N02
Ging vin hng dn: Vi Th Ngc M

Thi Nguyn 10/2012

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Mc lc
Li ni u ............................................................................................................................ 3
Chng 1 ............................................................................................................................... 4
THNG S K THUT CA THIT B ...................................................................... 4
Chng 2 ............................................................................................................................... 6
H THNG ANTEN........................................................................................................... 6
Chng 3 ............................................................................................................................. 10
M T THIT B ............................................................................................................. 10
3.1. iu ch . ......................................................................................................... 10
3.2. Gii iu ch .................................................................................................... 11
3.3. XPIC ................................................................................................................ 15
3.4. My pht .......................................................................................................... 16
3.5. My thu. ........................................................................................................... 17

Li ni u
Trong s pht trin ca x hi, thng tin lun ng mt vai tr ht sc quan
trng. iu khin cho thng tin trn ton th gii ni chung v thng tin lin lc
Vit Nam ni ring lun lun pht trin ph hp vi nhu cu ca con ngi
trong thi i mi. Trong nhng nm ca thp k 80 v 90, khoa hc cng ngh
vin thng th gii c nhng pht trin k diu, trong c s trin khai ca
cng ngh SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy - Phn cp s ng b ) nh
du mt bc pht trin vt bc trong lnh vc truyn dn
Vi nhng u th trong vic ghp knh n gin, linh hot, gim thit b trn
mng, bng tn truyn dn rng, cung cp giao din tc ln hn cho cc dch v
trong tng lai, tng thch vi cc giao din PDH hin c, to ra kh nng qun
l mng tp trung. Phn cp s ng SDH c tiu chun ho v tc :
155,52 Mbit/s , 4x155,52 Mbit/s, 16x155,52 Mbit/s, 64x155,52 Mbit/s, v cu
trc khung, v m ng v.v...Trong nhng nm gn y SDH thm nhp vo
nc ta vi tc rt nhanh, mang ng trc Bc-Nam c tc 2,5 Gbit/s,
mng ni tnh v thnh ph cng ng dng ngy cng nhiu SDH c tc 155,52
Mbit/s hoc 622 Mbit/s vi nhiu loi thit b truyn dn. c bit l truyn dn
SDH trn cc h thng vi ba bng rng ( Do iu kin a hnh, yu cu tho gian
trin khai nhanh...).

V vy, vic phn tch v tm hiu h thng vi ba s truyn ti SDH l rt quan

trng v cn thit. Sau y chng em xin trnh by phn tm hiu thit b SDH/64
QAM ca hng BOSCH TELECOM

Chng 1
THNG S K THUT CA THIT B
1.c tnh chung
6425MHz 7215MHz
80MHz cng phn cc ng knhtrn
Khong cch gia cc knh RF
phn cc cho vi b X- PIC
S cp knh
4 x 2 hoc 8 lung STM-1
Dung lng truyn dn trn knh RF 4 x 155Mbit/s hoc
4 x 139,264Mbit/s
Knh ph tr trn lung s liu
2 x (4 x 64kbit/s)
chnh (tu chn)
2084kbit/s(cho lung140Mbit/s )
S cp knh RF khi dng li tn s
16
nh gi t l li
Kim tra Byte chn l
2.My thu
Di tn s ( theo ITU-R REC.384.4)

31dBm ( danh nh )
( 28 dBm cho mi sng mang ph)
T iu chnh cng sut pht (ATPC) T 11 dBm n 31 dBm
Kiu iu ch
64-QAM
tng ch h thng
> 100dB
Mc iu chnh
-30dBm-75dBm
Mc thu vi BER = 10...
< - 72dBm (trn sng mang ph )
Trung tn
122,5 MHz ; 157,5 Mhx
3.Giao tip
Cng sut pht

3.1.iu ch
Mc in p vo (ITU-TRec.G.703)
Suy hao tn hiu ti tn s 70MHz
3.2.Gii iu ch
Mc in p ra (ITU-T Tec.G.703)
4.Ngun in
in p vo
Cng sut tiu th
5. B lc nhnh

1Vpp3 m CMI/&% m
O-12dB
1Vpp3 m CMI/75 m
38VDC-75 VDC
320W ( cho 2 x STM-1)
0,9db

Phn b knh tn s
v tuyn 16 x 155
Mbit/s dng hai

Phn b knh tn s v
tuyn 8 x 155 Mbit/s dng
mt sng mang

Hnh 1.1.B tr knh tn s ca mt chng v tuyn chuyn tip bng

6425MHz 7125MHz
H thng v tuyn chuyn tip s DRS 2 x 155/6800-64-QAM c thit k
truyn dn 2 lung STM mi lung tc 155,520 Mbit/s
Cc byte ri trong SOH c s dng cho vic gim st ni b trn 8 knh nghip
v ca h thng. Lung tn hiu s 139,264 Mbit/s c th c ghp thnh lung
STM-1 v c tch khi khung STM-1 trm cui. thc hin vic ny nhng
byte rng trong SOH c chn thm vo.

Chng 2
H THNG ANTEN
Khong cch cn thit cc tiu gia cc knh ln cn l 80MHz. Nh vy n
c th phn nh cho bn cp knh tc l 8 x 155,520 Mbit/s , hay khi dng phn
cc cho l 8 cp knh tc l 16x 155,520 Mbit/s cho mi h thng anten (hnh
1.2). B pht v b thu c sp xp theo ng vo ca b Circnlator, khi c
hai mng lc c ni thng bi cc phng tin ca b phi hp tr khng nu
hai knh gia khong c s dng. B lc hn bng c chuyn vo trong
phn pht v phn thu.

Hnh1.2. Phn b v h thng anten

- Khi sy ra pha inh chn lc theo tn s , nu cn thit hot ng phn tp tn s
v phn tp gc , th s m rng phn tp c th c bo m . Tn hiu phn tp
u tin c a vo modul ng nht vi cc tn hiu c t my thu chnh

iu khin khuch i IF c kt hp vi b cng tn hiu IF tuyn dn chnh

v tt c tuyn phn tp trong s hiu chnh tng quan pha v bin . Tn hiu
kt hp c pht qua b cn bng tr nhm ti phn gii iu ch .
- S khc bit tr thi gian gia cc tn hiu ca my thu chnh v my phn tp
c cn bng bi ng cp ng trc . Tu vo s khc bit tr thi gian m
iu chnh di ca cp cho thch hp
- Nu ch mi mt knh RF c dng lm sng mang (truyn mt ti 155,520
Mbit/s), n c th phn nh 8 cp knh tc l 8 x 155,520 Mbit/s khi s dng
phn cc cho chng knh.
- Bin php hai sng mang l gii php l tng cho vic s dng kiu bng tn c
khong cch knh l 40MHz . Nhng lung s liu tn s trung gian c iu
ch trong b iu ch tch sng . TRong trng hp cc dng s liu , sau khi tng
hp trong khi pht v bin i tn s v tuyn , ch c 4 khi pht v thu
truyn ti 8 dng s liu.

nh

V n h nh phn t p

- gim nh nh hng ca nhiu phn cc cho th trong b iu ch s

dng b trit tiu nhiu phn cc cho XPIC .

Hnh 1.4 Phn b ca h thng Antenna hai

H nh

khi thit b v i phn t p khng gian

Chng 3
M T THIT B
Trong h thng v tuyn chuyn tip SDH dng sng mang kp v hot
ng ch phn cc ng knh 4 b iu ch v gii iu ch ( 2 iu ch , 2 gii
iu ch) s sp xp dng cng mt sng mang RF v c kt ni vi nhau mt
cch phc hp .Ti pha pht , b to sng mang v ng h ca hai khi vi tn
s truyn tng ng s c ng b vi nhau .Ti pha thu yu cu phi c s
trao i tn hiu cho loi tr xuyn nhiu phn cc cho ( hnh 1.5 )
3.1. iu ch .
Tn hiu c m ho CMI c a vo b cn bng thch ng sa
mo v suy hao gy bi phi-, ng thi kim tra mc ca tn hiu vo .
Phn tip theo s l ghp tn hiu SOH ca lung vo STM-1 v sp xp cc
byte chn l B1 , B2 . S nhn bit cc knh nh thng tin gim st bn trong c
a vo thnh cc byte ri c th truy nhp c v thch hp cho vic pht knh
nghip v tu chn .
cho vic khi phc ng h c chnh xc my thu tn hiu s liu kt
hp phi c m ho gi ngu nhin . ng h ca h thng c tch ra t tn
hiu s liu , c ng b vi mt ng h bn ngoi hoc c to ra bn trong
bng cc b giao dng thch anh c chnh xc cao. Bng nguyn l ch t , cc
b giao ng to ng h v to sng mang trong b iu ch vi mt tn s trung
tn v c ng b vi nhau , gim st, iu khin m bo tnh ng b ca thit
b , loi tr xuyn nhiu gia phn cc cho mt cch c hiu qu, cc b m ho
thc hin m ho vi sai cc lung s liu nh nhau vi m ho 64-QAM ri a ti
b chuyn i ni tip song song . N pht cc lung s liu song song ti mch
sa li hng i ( FEC )

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Mch sa li hng i hot ng bng m xon l mt m tch chp trc

giao vi t l m l 8/9 ( tc l 8 bit mang thng tin th c mt bit sa sai ) c
dng cho sa li hng i , m ny s lm tng tc truyn dn khong 3,58% .
my thu nhn c lung thng tin d ny , s dng thut ton my thu c th
tm ra cc li nh gi kim tra cc k hiu trn tng knh v sa li . Ngoi ra
mch FEC cn cung cp kh nng thch ng chuyn mch bo v
Trong phn iu ch , tn hiu bao gm hai thnh phn cng pha (1) v cu
phng (Q) . B to sng mang c lch pha 90 dng iu ch cc thnh phn
1 v Q . Cc tn hiu trn s c cng li to thnh tn hiu 64- QAM , sau i
qua b lc bng thng to dng ph v bng tn c ch nh . Tn hiu
trung tn (IF) trong thit b va c m t c tn s l 157,5MHz v 122,5MHz .
3.2. Gii iu ch
Trong b gii iu ch , tn hiu trung tn t my thu trc tin s i qua mt b
lc sng m thanh b mt ( Saw BPF ) e to bng tn v dng ph . Mt b b
thc hin vi tn hiu Analog hot ng c lp vi cc cn bng thch nghi
ATDE b s khng ng u ca tn hiu do s thng ging v mc trong mi
trng v tuyn ca tng trm v tuyn . Kt hp vi b to sng mang c lch
pha 90 , tn hiu trung tn s c gii iu ch trong b gii iu ch QAM v
c chia thnh hai phn 1 v Q . Tn hiu s c lng t ho trong b bin i
A/D l 8 bit v cp cho b gii iu ch c phn cc vung goca vi cng tn s
cng tc . Tn hiu bin i A/D cng c cung cp cho b nh m ti b cn
bng thch nghi theo thi gian ATDE . Trn hng khc , tn hiu 1 v Q ac c
lng t ho sau khi qua b gii iu ch phn cc vung gc s qua b nh n
hi th hai ti b loi tr xuyn nhiu phn cc cho (XPIC) . Hai b nh m
m bo tn hiu t cc b ATDE v XPIC tng thch vi nhau tng byte . Con
tr ca b nh m th nht c thit lp c nh . Mt chc nng iu khin
thng minh c to con tr ca b nh m th hai ng thi iu khin XPIC
to ra kh nng cht lng tn hiu suy gim thp nht trn knh phn cc vung
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gc . Tip tn hiu s a qua mch sa li hng i FEC v gii m . FEC s

t ng b vi cc tn hiu chn l trong tn hiu bng tn c s trn cc nhnh 1
v Q v c lp hon ton vi cu trc khung ca tn hiu s liu . Khi thu c
cc byte chn l s tin hnh so snh vi tnh chn l tnh ton ni b , cc byte li
c th c sa vi s tr gip ca hai bit gii php mm . Mch FEC ng
thi cng a ra cc thng tin v s li c sa v s li cha c sa ta
kh nng gim st t s li v iu khin thit b chuyn mch bo v . Ti mch
gii m , cc thnh phn 1 v Q ca tn hiu 64-QAM c gii m v kt hp
a sang khi x l STM-1

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nh

iu ch v gi i iu ch
13

nh

c byt ca TM-

Hnh

av o

trong b iu ch

tn hiu t i b gi i iu ch

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3.3. XPIC
S dng hiu qu bng tn trong vi ba thc hin bng cch s dng s
iu ch QAM bc cao. tng hiu qu s dng bng tn ti pha pht ngi ta
s pht hai phn cc vung gc vi cng mt tn s sng mang RF . Hai tn hiu
phn cc ny s tch c ra bng chc nng phn bit cc cho XPD ti anten thu
Khi m XPD khng c kh nng tch cc tn hiu mt cch c hiu qu trong
trng hp ng truynf b nh hng do pha inh su , cn thit phi dng thm
mt thit b khc gim xuyn nhiu phn cc gia hai tn hiu ti mt gi tr
cho php . Trong h thng DRS 2 x 155Mbit/ s-64QAM , s dng cc b loi tr
phn cc cho (XPIC) nhm mc ch ny trong trng hp c pha inh su
My thu nhn 2 tn hiu 64-QAM phn cc vung gc bao gm 2 b gii
iu ch ring r. Mt b gii iu ch c chc nng cn bng tn hiu u vo
cng nh loi tr xuyn nhiu gia cc phn cc cho . Chc nng cn bng tn
hiu 64-QAM thc hin bng b cn bng thch ng thi gian (ATDE) vi 9 mt
tr
Gi s tn hiu u vo SH v SV c ngun gc t tn hiu bng tn gc.
Trong trng hp phn tch di y , ch c phn gii iu ch c chc nng cn
bng v loi tr can nhiu s c quan tm .
Ta nhn thy rng mi b iu ch s x l hai loi tn hiu :
-Cc tn hiu chnh SH v SV , cc tn hiu ny c thu trc tip t
my thu vi c hai phn cc ng v ngang .
-Cc tn hiu ph SVH v SHV , hai tn hiu ny l tng bn sao ca tng tn hiu
SH v SV, phn i qua b gii iu ch vi phn cc vung gc
Tn hiu ng h cung cp thi gian thch hp cho vic lp mu cc tn hiu
SH,SV , SVH , SHV c ngun gc t nhng b gii iu ch . Cc tn hiu s c
bin i sang dng nh phn bng b bin i A/D . Cc s liu ny s c ghi
vo b nh m . ng h chung c ngun gc t hai tn hiu c to dng vi
SH v SV dng c s liu t b nh m . Trong tng b gii iu ch , s liu
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ra ca mi mch cng c nm bn trong b cn bng ngang ATDE iu c

ngha l s tng phn cng khng ng k .

nh 9

chc nng ca PI

3.4. My pht
My pht kt hp 2 tn hiu IF iu ch 64QAM sau i qua mch lm
mo trc
( Predistorter ) lm gim mo tuyn tnh khi i qua b khuch i cng sut
pht .

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Tn hiu t mch lm mo trc c i qua b trn mc ( mixing stage )

bao gm b trn mc v b khuch i trung tn . B trn c thit k theo di
n bin hiu chnh c tn s my pht . Tn hiu RF c khuch i bi
bn dn , b khuch i bn dn t mc ra theo yu cu .
Mt tn hiu t my thu u ra x c s dng i chnh mc cng sut
pht . Tn hiu li c ngun gc t in p AGC trong khi trung tn my thu s
c so snh vi mt in p chun c mi quan h vi ngng ATPC . Ti pha
pht tn hiu li sau khi c s l s c dng iu khin mc cng sut pht
ca b khuych i dng FET. Tn hiu li c s l hon ton dng s , vic
truyn tn hiu ny dng cc byte trong RSOH nh c CCITT khuyn ngh .
S bt ca tn hiu li pht i l 4 bit , 2 bit cn li trong byte c dng cho vic
pht hin trm ( Station Identifier ) dng cho ATPC trnh hot ng nhm , c
bit l khi hot ng ch ng knh ti cc nt truyn dn
Do vic s dng ATPC m cng sut ti ma thu gim ng k . Trn thc
t , khi my pht cng tc ti ch conng sut danh nh ( hoc thp ), in p
cc mng ca FET s ATPC.gim khong 20% do s iu khin vng ca ATPC
lm bin i hiu ng nhiu ng knh v nhiu knh lin tip trong mng v
tuyn chuyn tip c mt phn trm thi gian s dng cao
Trong iu kin khng c pha inh , mc cng sut pht c th xung ti
20bB m cht lng khng h suy gim , khi pha inh sut hin mc cng sut
pht s tng ln tu thuc vo cng mc thu ti li vo my thu . Cng sut
pht c i khin bi mc thu o c , thng tin ny c pht trong hng
i ngc i chnh cng sut pht trong my pht theo knh s trong h thng
ni ti .
3.5. My thu.
My thu c nhim v bin i tn hiu thu t b lc phn nhnh khuych i
tn hiu ny v cn bng cc mc dao ng ( thay i tht thng ) v lm gim

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mo gy ra bi pha inh . Hn na , n chn tn hiu tp m gy ra bi ngun

nhiu v cc knh ln cn ( xen k).
Tn hiu thu c a ti b lc tp m thp ri tin khuych i cao tn
RA. T tn hiu c a ra qua b phn cch khc ti b phn trn nhnh RX
bao gm b trn v tin khuych i trung tn IF. B trn thit k theo gii n
bin cung cp tn hiu IF v iu khin tn hiu thu . Tn hiu ny s c
khuych i tng tin khuych i .Tip theo, iu khin khuych i IF b mc
dao ng gy bi pha inh . cu hnh my thu khng c phn tp th tn hiu IF
c a ti b cn bng tr nhm c kh nng tr nhm c kh nng tr nhm c
nh b lc nhnh . Hai thc hin IF s c a ti phn gii iu ch .

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nh

0 M t m y thu phn t p DP
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Do trnh v thi gian nghin cu tm hiu cn hn hp, nn bi bo co ca

chng em cn nhiu thiu st. Chng em rt mong c s gp ca thy c v cc
bn bi bi bo co t cht lng tt hn!
Xin chn thnh cm n!
Thi Nguyn 10/2012

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