I

A Rhetoric of lhe U llreal

Sludies ill narrative alld s truCl lIrt\
especially of the fallta sti c
CIIRISTINE BROOKE- ROSE
UNIVERSITY I'RESS

1.IIIHlon New YOlk New Kodldlr
McillOlltllC Sydllc),
In' ,h ... I ',"'H S}' lIdil al(" "r Ihr ( 1" i\T" ; I}, "r ( ::l.1II 1I1idKC
II. ... 1' ;11 " ' III "'l'i"I(' OIl ( :,111, 1,,;, 11( (' ( :11'1 I H I'
T! L", ', 7111 '"' '' ('(' ', \,,,01 .. , NY II Hl',t.l, li SA
:!'1', II ,., .. ",,,1. ,. 1.1 1' ,IIad,. , I ' ;,,\; , l 'lWi,
/1,,11' " 1 ,10,1111' 11l/',,/ollu'/''''1 / 111'"
1I, ,,,, kI' I{,,,,. ,
,\ ,10,. ,,,. i, ,01 lit,. 111111';11
I all [,," ;' 1'1I-lil'II , 1'" ""'1''' ;111 Il i\[ ",),
alld ,",i,i, i,,"
'1 I " ' " I " ". " Ii, ri" " 'Jllt l! I "1" III}" Il i " ,"}'
a, ,, 1 "';(" ;' 111
I " I rk
W,'! '\"'1 I ', nil I J no
I
{ 'i -./ 'i I .:..;
. 3 '11"
COlltellt s
,c. I .. ': / ' '
"
Part I. Thc I' ca l, the unrea l anel (he r h e lori c
I Tht: ITa l and I h e IIIIIC:d
'2 T ilt: rllt ,to l ic
Part II. I\lethod and non- rncthod III genre anal)"!> i !-o
:l Ili ,t,,, i .. g .. n,. nlt l",,, , .. ti ,,,J
T odor!)v tin tilt'
,I Sl"icll{'C l i n ion alld finilll '
'I
1'2
.- .-
, I.I
7'.!.
Part III . The pure fan fas ti c: types of a n :d)' s is lIn
!'! T he (' IH"oded read er
(i 7/if '{II II' (lI llir SOl'/(' and it s t r it i, s:
all c.: s"ay ill lI on olllc.:t1 HHlolllgy
Il h
7 'J JIt. TII1I1 (lI lhf SUfW: III i I for st I IIC I II I t.''; :I ' " 11 11 ( 1111 t" I .'I B
B The su rrace s trll l' lllf CS ill 'JI" "I' "." uj 1/" Snfltl 11111
Part IV. The unreal as real : the IlIOt.iern :..' i I
Tilt' t'vil li ll g: rt' ;IIi slll a nd tilt' 11 1;1[ \'('11111 15 :.n
10, Tit:1 1I p ill S: tilt, lIe w S(' jrun fit" lioll
,\lId t-.1t-Eh fl )') ...' ''"HI
. -,
( " Pal' C V. The real as unn.al : soru c "Io(i c rn C("xl!> '..!H'J
II ' l ilt' IT; " ;IS U ll l(,,": Rl lbl ll" (;li l k l
I '2
1:S Exill'l dosioll s
\'
-III
. i J
,
/,
I
!
I
,
\"1
CON '! t:NTS
Ml'lali c li o n and slJ r fiction: a Silllpicr
lilflll"\ ;tl'proach
.,Volr1

/".{H
390
'11 7
133
AckllOW kdgCllll:
The f{.!lo wing chapt ers arc rcvisnl Hl"siollS of til igill.d1r
puhli shed ill var iuus n :vic\Vs.
Pan or d' ;\ ptn '1. origill :dl ), publi sbnl Hlldn t\I(' titk, 'H.tHli H i
and roulld the J akuhsoll diilKralll : a survey' in '/ hr I/(hl(w { I IIII'OH!Y
Silldin in 1,;((fatuI' , \,111. n, lIu. '2 ( I
Chaplcr :i was origi ll a ll y IIlIdt'1 t he litk ' lli , tol it';d
gcnrcs/ thf'llIcliral ge llu's: a di sf.:u.\ ... ioll 01 Todo ltJ \' O il ti ll: I;tllla:. lic' ill
N rw l.ilrrat)' lIiJ /01j ' , vol. H, no, J
eha pt e r :1 was 0 1 ig i 1I:t II Y IHlbli shnl U IIdu t lit, lit Ie " \ 'IIt' I cad I"! hood of
man' ill '/ he Urad" ill Ih, "I n/, (' dilrt\ by Su"an Sulcill' ;1I1 alld
Croslilan. and is rcprilll('d b y pcrllli ssio liUII', in n : coll lJ llin' flo il , I'rn.s,
19!10.
(:haptrr () \\';' 5 origi nall y publi <; btd 1IIIIIn I he l ilk ' TIl(' !<o 'lll i l III 01 tbt'
I ruc " all y i .... OIl- lI lct hu<ilJlug y' ill/'vrltO (lilt! i v) I .tlo/tl lll(, \ cd ,
I, 110. 1
ella plcr 7 was Of y ptlbli !i hcd lUll In I he Ii Ilc 'Tilt" II" Ig g I., ,,,, ..
a 5trucl 1I ral ;111 41 1 p is' ill J'orl i culfld 'j oj J.ilo(J/w r. vu l. I , 1111 , :\ ( I Cj 7ti ),
Chapter H was 01 lI a ll y pil bli .. lu,d lliul n I he I i lit- 'SIII I ;u t ' \11 III I II
ill llalT;tt i vc' in / 'u(t;r,i a"d 'j oj /.ita ftlu" , \ ' 01. '1., IHI. :\ ( I
Cl lapl c r 9 w"s originall y Pllbli !i hed IIlitin lhe titl r ' Ti lt, t,,; 1 I
reali sllI and the IlIar\,cllulis' ill j 'orli(J 'J \111. I . 1111 , " ( I
Chaplcr II was originall y (l1I1 ,li sil(:<I Wil lI'! Iht, lillt- ' U,lIt H llil'
imagin itli u n of Rohbe-Grille,' ill JJodrlfl /-i eliun Studiu , \, 111. 11,1111, "

CII" PI CI' 1'1 W; IS ori!J,i n a il ), pu hli slu' d IIlId"r I ht' I i lit ''I" .. itJll .. :
an cssa y - sa)' 0 11 lil c novel lIo\.'clllovel ' ill 1. 11011/111 ', \.'u l. I
110. 3 ( 197H) .
Chapte r ),1 \Vas puhlisllcd under tile litle '\\,1"' 1 c du \\,.
fWIIl hcre?' ill (,'ultlta 3 ( 19UO),
\ ' 11
c
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;;;;
,
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1
The rcal alld tIll: 11I1I'('a:
Til;!! thi s celltury is ;a 'I';tlil) C li,j " h;I S hnollH" .1
b;\ll:dit y, c:lsily alld I'r:lglII ;t ti ( ;t1 ly oil . I'n-h.t" .. it is ill 1."' [
tllldt.:rgoing a nisi ... of til(' a Ettignt',;' (kC;Hlnlll' , Aud
rlu.:lorici;II IS 11 5u;tll)' :q1IH';lr ill lillil' S or dc\ :UkIlU:, 1hal is, \\ lll'lI
stahl e vahlt:s di sappear, when liHIliS Im . .' ak do wll alld lIew Hlln
appear, cO t.:XiSlilig with all the old ulles. Thl' i .. task i\ llicil to [I Y to
1I1:,kc sell st: 01" wilat is h :lppt:lliIiK by working (lu i 1(',1 " "111"11
or S[("unIIlTS alld tr ying to :HTUUII! lilr ',!t-Vi:tlillil It Oli1 tht' 11011ll '
( tilt: 11 0] 111 what [hey. alld pcopli- gn'C'J :dl). 11:1 \,e' linn II snl
(0 ). BUI since tliey 1I;I\'c 10 S[all, Illllllhl), \\,tlb si npk SIIII\ tut n,
their altCllIjllS 1IC\' (' r wholly a ('(II II II { fill 1111" 01 l i >llll :-
takin/{ plan: aI"IIUlHllfI <" tll, thc'y bc"(" olllt' 1lI00e ,tlld 111 111 C (Olllpk ... , Ilion'
nJllllwrsulIl<.', Ih<.'llI s dvl's 11lOl e ' cit'v ialill.1:' (r'illi tlKir \J\\/I
principl es , lIIore alld lIlort: Tutl ;, y till' ,llt'llIril iam,
or illlllllllt'ra blc: kiuds, ;II"C 1I IIIIe voluhk Ih;tll Iht,}, h , l v c bCt ' l1 fill
u'liturit's, ;111(/ sillt't.: lilt' Ii In ;\1')' \\"111 k or ;lr t is il :.t'li ; \ I hellli it ,II
sysl e lll , slIp<.".illljlosillg, Oil tilt' li l s t ;lIbill;II Y SyS ll' lI1 to! Ilallll,lI
ye t allothl'r S),Slt'1I1 or Iq)lc:. nllalioll, tin: Ullllldil,lliwl!I
or IlIUdnll rbt' lorie havt: Iweoill t: IJOdl f:l sc ill:llillg ;11111
Fasc illaling rill' il!.dr, ill;\ \\' ay thaI it.,clfldln: l s \\, hal is
happellillg ill t lte work "ran, bllt di st"( lIlragillg alld I"olllu ... ing lor ollu' I.\.
The dcl':II L: c uf t/ u' I't'adt'l", th r. jolll"lt;di s l a lld liLt: 1('.ldur i.\ 1I ... \I.dl y 10
' rejcn ;II! tlti s ;IS 1I0Il S('II SC' and, ill dli:n, 10 slar will. \II
wiLa t n '('r tlotillllS tltt,y \\'I'ft: broultgt IIJl OIl.
There i" ;1 silui l .. r spli t ill allitlldes III '("c;dil y' , Fill' 11Hlt n .. illll,d
philosophers, the t"UIlIlIIOIIS(IISl' d:\'is ilill 111 ;11 (klillt.\ tin' 11':11 :1'" t he
physica l <llId I'lIlpirie;" , ;llId tlt(' 111111';11 :I S thl' 11Il'I :qlll)\il',tI h.l <; nn
becn (Otltt'sled, frolll PlaIn wh" Icgarllnl ollr I.lIl1ili,lI 1I" tlilY ;u.
III('re s h adows or Pt'tt't'l"1 idt' ;\s ( Irut' r , SP 111 01(' "I'.d'). 10 11111\1('111
II'
\.,
.!
IIIE "-': ,\1 . ,\ !'i I ) litE R IIEI (IRI(:
sllc h "5 lkrrid" , for wholll 'truth' IS ror CHI' I'0s t-
pOllrd (S('l' p. 1(i ), ;111(1 l1Iodern philosophy ",hidl has
CCIIIII' til IC'cog lli s(" Ihat ,ht' llIlIlI' otlledogic;d 1;11'\ is in:lI'tTssi hlt'
10 !'>ill(,(' 111;111 CIII IIl1ly IT' pn'Q'1I 1 it IhrouKh hi s In;IIIY arbitl ary
lllciuding and th e of'
Thc dill i' ICIlt'(' IIl'!e is Ihal, Ih(' \';Irilllls Ihttulies ;111'
!limpl y diqlli ... Of igllOlt'<1 h y Iht' a\' ('I:lKl' I r;lIkr, IIII' S(, II S(, Ih' lI
C'lIIpi r' i c d Ir;lIil), i .. IIl1t a ,,,, S,'OIIT :IS il II Slt! III Iw is 1I0 \\' pn \'asi \,I' al
:111 I('\T\.;; or SIIt'iC'IY, C('It;lillly wh;1I wwd III hI' ( ;tlll'Il I'llIpil il'a l
II'alil\', 'II tlu' ",odd, Set'lIl" 10 1I :1\'l' IWI 'ollw lI1H](' :111(1 111111( ' II II 1I;tt ,
11:1" IUllg 111'1'11 as llllft': i\ is IIHI1C' aile! 111011' 111111('(\
III til' " lllIl in l ;1'" Ihe IIlIly 'lIlli" III '; Illlllhn :\lIeI "<[II;dl y \';did' r(';dil),.
\\'illl" "", IHI ('x;lIllpk, Fllll c :l1l11 Oil Iliad ness ( I!Hil ) , I (III
"IIIl'Ili;. ;1" a ( 1!I(i 7), ;llId si llt'!, Ihl'1l \\' hal ShO'i t.:lIIIIO\
Frll11;UI ( I (';.11 " ' !'rllt inlblioll c1i"nll siw III/Ill 1:1 lillit" as wI'! I :IS
psyc hi e Int'all Ii 011 1' : 11':11101'111:11 ,,}.11I01l1l11;1 or, till ;1 !l IOIC gl'l1l'r;iI
Icv(' I, til(' rCI\lI11 0 1 1t' li\!iotls Iwli, r, 1111' va'" ri sl' til' on' ullisul,
IIInlici\ "1'1' 1", ... , a lit I thl' 1I'l1t'\\'t'd W;J\'n or itil'ldtlgit a1 :lilt!
LIt1:ltil j"'"I".
' I Ill S ,IpI'all'1I1 :1111 1 1'111' lilt, 111111111' 111 s t ill 1';\1 li :1I {; lIId PI'!
1" },\\ ' ,I Ir,llIo;;l('lIll ill\,(, I"IOIIIII' rc ;d /t llllt'ai i ... ,JIIf't-t tl y logi(';t\ : ii' Iht' '1I'al' has
''V... ('OIlH' 10 1IIlI" . d, il 1131111;11 10 111111 Illtht' '1II1rt '; d' .. s 1(' ; 11 : lil t '
1\"0 :lrC' il1lC'rI'l' I:t.lrci , Thi ", 'natllr;,IIH'SS' 11O\\'('\' t'r is dllc
I 10 11('1'" lit ;1111'0"(' till III,' I'Il1pirit';ti It ':1 l il )' ; \I ' olllld
Ililll, whil h ill il ,,(' lr is \, illlolli t' . HlIl or t' tHII SI' , Ih(' \Try
sl"lt'I!H'lIt thai Ihl' olii ologie;d 1;1('1 i s il s('11 wilh"lIl sigllilit'allt'l' i .. :t
... Slalf' I1If'III, a \iC\,' or It'alil), :I S I1 wI-si g lliliCIIII ,
,1, -., , ". 111(' SiU,,"ilil' allt t' tli' Ilflll .!>i,"llilit'fIlI(,('; a t'Cllll radi c
IIllp,. ... "lg... .... . ...
til/ll \"hit h ( (Till S 10 t' !'OC; IP" (:li' !lU' 1I1 HII",c t \\ ho, ill a hrier bUI
I ('ItI ; \! k;dll ,' hllok ( I" ,':,1 IUIII; dr 1',,/juJu, fil si d"I1II1I1'-aralt' s
Ih:tl ;\11 !t'"lil y i" hOlh IInr .... :"ily dl'I(' lIl1ill('l1 ( ;11 \ ' ; 1 t Ill' IIi' the
itil'lllil)' pI illt il"(' Ih:\I ,\ =- A ) ;\IId il y li 'l' tlli lotls ill lIlt, st' ll se
tlt;11 il ;!'o 11111 111'1 (' \(;11 il)' Ihi s Ill' liI :ll, IJIII (';11111111 f"'1":l1'(' IIU' IH' C\' s>; ity
III' Iwin.L:: {i ,r . :IIlYlhiIlK). Tili >; I!III!>'" I)' illhc' H' lI1 It! ;1'1 1
Iralit y III hOlh 1;III\liloIlS :I"d dctc' ll lIillnl lit' ("ails 'th(, Ill
or Iht' "':11' , alld whal l1I:tkc's 1(';1111), lip 0\' 1'1' illio 1I1l11
!" , 'I\((' i ... pl'f'(' i q' l y lIlt' WI' Oil it or :dwap
( pp. }'\ 1,1), .
Thr tlllly 1' lIiKIl I:l Ih(,lI, 1'01 R" ""' I'I, is tl U' IIll lo lt1.L.:I..:t! Lit t, Ihal IS,
ti lt' ... i tr Ill' hring (a n ylhing) is \ '; ll id fin' :.11 " ';tiiIY
'1I11y dll' LtC'! 01 its ('si SII ' IIt'(' . Silllibrl)" ;11\
1/11 . K 1.: . 1.
giV{'11 10 li lt.: real is il1ll s"r}" ('XlTplillg 0111)' '!.l bn 1it;1I it is ( I" 'Itl J,
Bllt, Ill' S;\}'S, W(' pelt' d\'(' I calil)' a !> t'ithn lin " SSMY \II' lilltllilllllS.
\\'111'11 :111 Ot't'lll'lt'llI t fir le I II !> lroill lI n y II lid IlIlIl
11\'C'ns;u )', thi s is all isubln\ pl'1 1 "j l liulI , ;11 IIIH c' \,1I1t Ii I/ ill'll b y
( as ill 1'I': II:lill t y pt:s of hllltlOtlf'j 11 1'11 )' Illil<llillll hiit'll
lus ing a gallic or 1"(' 1I11l\'!'S (If' \, hidl ;" e bl/iit 11"1 : tllIl
liuluitoll S, pp. :111 ). ()r ag;lill , Iht'I(' ; \1(' 111111 1I1,lill 111(',111 '" of
:II' C' (' SS IlIlhl' 1(' :11 ill its IU'IT."s ary/ li llltlilfltlS 1IIlIl ,siglllli !' ,Ult'(', ils !lln('
\;"ill g it st'lr (its 'idiocy' ill till' III igill:tI .c'ml' III sillgnl.lI, IIl1iq lll') : 11t ;11
or l ilt: dlllllk, w hll SI' s lTillg c!lIlIldl ' is .1 !> lljll 'l III i ,Ii .. pili ,II plwllO.
1111 ' 11 1111 t il is \\'(' Willi S('I' dllllldt ') , :lIld \\ III ill lat' l \f ' n ill IIII'll
prclCligit!ll S :-. il1gl1l.lIil y; IIt.1I Itl : t IIn ",, " !>I Hltlnd y 111'11'11
IIrlu\c. w htl SfTS Ihillg ... di v('s l nl .. I ,til 1' 11111111 111 Ii il1\ n lllll' l ll ( w.I' ll '
1);l si ll S (' sisl, ndltc , :\ is t s); th,ll III Iht' \\1111.. 01 .111 ; ,1I1t1 Ih,ll ,,1
!,hi lt/sopll }', w!tidl SII III S lip Iht' IItitn Ihl l'l' ill 11.(' ,1..11 dtt,
philnsopilict\ s lall' , ill I'blo's \\Clltl S, IS .. !> t:lit' III 111'1111-\ I'l'lllt tu.dly
drullk, ill 10 \, (' , ;111(1 : \11 illti sl.
,\11 IIlltt'!' ptlt cpliOII >; or tllC' 1I' ,d 11,1''' ""l1llgh th .. dllllllll ', Iht' (
IIlif'lor illlagC', Iht' '\' ;dllt' added ' III .,i .L,:lli ll t': 1I1 t' t' lIll' . :\ I :.. 11 Ii ).
i\ .. d Ihe douill t' II" " tlllt 'I' 111;lill 1'1111( lillll'. : ( I } PI:II li t'; 11 III dl'pl.lI"
SlI llIl'howa I l' ;dil y 111;11 IIIlIS I :.t all \ 11, 1 Ill ' " \ ,III!.ll nl 1:\ i " A. Inll
al st) (''1":11 III all i ls dtlllhln) ; ('2J 1111' 1011"1 )'1, . 11 It) 111,11.." 1l ' ,tl i l ) Ic '\'
'itiitlli (' b y (,,,.towillg il wit h ;\111111.('1 1111',1 II i 11 .'-: , 1.1111,,,111.1111' III
produ' T all oldn' l ill all illt ' t l llqdt:I(' \\llIld :Iud 11n l' ; ltl,"11l1
li, r dt' ., il! . All tJl nl' Ill' lray a 1t'l1I ". d III ,ljlJIII'III'IId Ihl' I L l! III I"
( pp, ,\Ii .
1 1 IIWI'\'(' 1', tilt' dill ' t'! ;I I' {T<;S lu till' 14' ;t\ whilh Rl l' '''1 .. l y
;tlil'iJHl\t'S III ; \11 ;lIul pltil osllph )' i ... !, I lldy ;11111,iglllltl\ , ]"1 1111
his 0,,' 11 s howi".\! ( ltl' 11to:"S wilh 10:111 )' lilc' J:Il\, 1,':\ 1\, . IS \\1 11 .1' " iill
\\,1.:" lit, (:tll " llel' "ltilustI!, lli!'s III' \. 1) ti lt, 'i , .. ,illll1,q', " hll' ll ' 11'111 '
li'olll " .. d (I)l Ihl' 'iIlClllahlt-' , "lti, !. sinus hU1I1 K.tlll l , 1'lItil
;1 1'1' 1;1I .L.: "' r :lIId <In' pl )' ill \'lJlvn J ill Ihi s dlll""ni \' j, iulI , ,llId I'hd .. ,
SliP")' lIul tht: Il'as l , the 11I,lit II "I tltl' ill l Ultlplc-II' Hil i It! .1 1I t!
i lldel'd :111 i (it-;il iSIII 1);It'k III I'I:LIO (!>IT al , " Ru\' t' l ]q ) 'J )
Thi s III' rnpolI ."illi lit y "P,III, Ihl'll' Ilia) SI't'11I \Il hI' ,III
ajll' :lI( ' 1I1 contradiclioll ill til(' \'t'I'y 1.11' 1 tlt .lt l{u\, j' l '1, ..... 1.11111 )
'iult'fl'rt'lillg' elr III tilC' IIlai lY iLln:!l )' \'''IX'' III'
IIlf'lItillll S (1'10111 SlIplu.dl'!'to llI :i tlllilil 'IIi I' b y ,\lid III tlJt'
I,,' lii "l ,' \ 1' 1\ il it i, Ulll y /,,, ... igll i h l .tllll' 111. 11
II .. " 1111 '1'''1' l'OIlII,uli t tillll is ollly :IPP,II(,III, ,II k,l ' l .1'
far ;IS Ihe works arC' ttllln'lllt' d, 101' il is ;11 1\\0 I('IIIII\('S 1111111 lin'
I
I'
I II r, E ,\ I. ,\ :'\ II I II t: II r, I () I C
fOlllr:'ldiniulI I 1I1C'lIliol1nl aIlO\,(, ",ht'll I !' ;Iid lil:'ll hi s \ ' l eW or rraJi{ r
is JI St, l{- :'I s ignifyillg , III(' II/ml, All)' sl al c llu' nl i ll
III II 0;( s ignil y, h il i lil t' I ;\I Y ,,' orks Ii" III yet :llIflil wr
!'Oys lf'l ll , ' I hr (1\(1 hr i" IOlikillg : lI and illit : 11 1: lI o t 'It' al i t )"
h ili 11l :1I1 - IIl ;I(\(- ',Hl c t':lrl S' ( Fr yt" 19:, 7), ' srrll lllJary !,)S-
I !'Ill '" \ 1.01111;\11 o r 111 :11 hilll' s, lik ,' philo,
so phi C'", idrologies 01 :tIIy (JIlin lu;u ' hillt'S, whit' h
lIt" i ll lrrl'l('I" ;1" !"11I' h, :lilt! qllill' k g ilill l;It, ' ly withill hi" I'fI" I .. Lil n ,
Thl' lIill(- I CII('(' hl'l\"('t' 1l I'l. i111"opl1i.- :l1 SYQ"III " all d ;1I1 - sy-.t1'11lS i s 111: 1\
phil ll "flphi(:'I1 !<-y' lt ' III " ;1 11' ,,"lilly ;\lId 111:\ -
('IIi II I"', whilr til(' :tr l -sY"'('1l1" a g r ;\dllalill g i'rc l111 wIn ks
111 ;11 :11(' :1 \'0\\'1'1 1 IIH' :llIillg- ll1akillg III I'la im lu tw, : 11\(1
,j \"01 k" 11i ;\I ('Ollie- a s d o"(' a s l' 1I1111J1l1l1i l ali ll ll sysl t'lII S ('; \11 I II II lt'l t'
fl lllllhl \! ic ;.1 ('xi"ICI1I"(' (' !,lIrc ' po/: II )', '(' uIlt'lTI(" p oe l ry, ailSlla, ' 1 :11'1 ,
IlIl1 oe; ; I' ) ; hili or 1'0111"(' ('\"f' " Ibes(' 1. :\\' 1' al "'asl Ih e sln lt' llI r ;d
call e f' IIf !'Ii l1l;l:\lit )' ;llId dilrne- II("/', Oil w llll'11 all COIlIIl111Ili!'ali!)11
!,,),oe;ICIII" ( :l lId I1lti ll l:1lc1y all I rilici s lll ) ilII' h:l !'l l'{ l.
II oe;i gllilinlll('f' i!'l as OPI )(I "('I\ Itt ","it"
to \toe; il is ct'l'l:l i ll \ Y In lC' ,hat , 011 a 111\11' " " lure
Jlnp llbr Ien'l Ilt a n 111 ,, 1 of pllil mophrrs , thi s 1'I'lIllIr y SCt' Ill S 10 u s
I1l1lr(' :llld Ill (lre furtuilOIl !" dl' spil c ;11\ 0111' a lt t'lllpl !<l al l'alioll:1 1
!il' ir lllili e al1al Y!'lis alld S),S ICIII . huildil1g (illt: ltltiill g rh elo-
1 1 it )' Nn'n h (rll l (, 11 :\\,(' 11.(' 1Ilf';IIIS al IIlIr disp os;d
('I ' OIlf11ll ic, plllil if':tI , :l1'1I(, :IIT<I so Il1adt' qU<lt l',
11111 IIlll y 10 Cll pC \\"i il l Ihe "1I 01"l1lil), fir Ih t, pll lll11'111" W(' COlll i l111t ' ttl
("1 (' :\1(' I,s ill cr ('\'('r y :lpparCIII SOllll i01l I'II ' :J\I.'S IIt' w 11I 11
-" s impl y III rx plain 111 (" \\"OI\d , Thi s SI' (,III 'i lo la: tiL(: n'II It1r' Y w ltil'll .
dc's p ilc o r Iwcall oe;c of' Ihe- P:I (, I' or 1("t.' IIII(I/ "gil ' ;d ach-allll', has 1:lk(' 1I
Ihr Idali \'r In t haI p:1t'f' , to l ' II Il'I ,L{l' I'I Cl IIl Ill e.: m Clllal !. :dli lS
0 1' th(' prr \' iOl I" 1" ' 11111 1 y. \ VI' KII OW Ihal ,III 111(' IIld SIT UIC' \:II .. ts h:\\'C
g Olll', ,1.;'1 :l I adi t':" t"h:1I1 ,L:(' is 1)("I'lln ill ,'-: whit'h Illall III II SI II 11Ii n ,!!,\) or
IWI i ... t., WI' g n 011 nl U, (' II S.III ItTd sti ll ill rcli t.:s or
lIiIlC' II"I"II III ' I ' j 'll l l lI )" ideologi c' !i , ill:'l \\' :1)' w hi l ' \! lit her l i ll ll' S ill p; lIa llci
; II'P: III' lltir d id 11 01 . r\I'I';IIf'lIlly, IIt' e IIl SI ' it SITI II " su 1n II I/'
lIIidq uri l ;1I 1(1 1t' lio"pr ll i\Tly, Bul Ih is IIIU is 11I1I"allly all illw.iull " I'
C 1111111('. /11' hi sl.IIY IHH lks whit' h IlIIjlOSl' Ih l' ir "cad )' !<-ig l1 i li(' all l
p ;II lf'1l1 'i ,01 p (' l i"d" (" ;t\lIdy 'iIHl"C't'di l1 ,!!, 1' :1.-11 olh!'r as \\' 1' IUIII 10 Ihe'
11 ("1 c 11:l l' ln, \\" 11 ;\1('\"1"1 II. I' angui sh ;llId \11111101 1 \\' 1' ha\'(' jUq 11;\<1
=d HIII I.
III 111\(' or hi s 111""' 1 Illlpllll<llll hOll ks ( Plli!i , (' s p , p , 1' 1:lI1K
Knllll )( !t- :n gll n I'rlsu:\si Hly ag:lill si Ih is ill llsiCl II of c ult 111'<', alld
I Il E Kt ,\1.
7
s huws Ihat ;,dtho llgh 't he ft' is a jlm\Clrul (' scll:ltulll.\-:it" tI ('It-n It' ll I ill
lIul( lc rll tho ught ' ( Iht' 11I1Idt' 111 ;'11111' :11 )" 1' \(' ), il is ICJll1ll1l1l1ld.I(C IHIl
wrung ' to I. lIk :dHI Ii I otl r hi slo r ic :, 1 \II lilll ll"l ) It'll"i l lle a lld
ill a W: I )" 11Ii\' ili-gl'd, a t ;\ldil1 ;11 jlO1I 11 III til li e" ' ESI ,II .I ID,il l)
has al wiI )'s exis ll'd , it was ('\'l" 1I :: 11-.11 1111' " I lliItU Il' ,
h e l.-l ls 1I 'i, IIII! SIII ('(' 'il <ll ladle' s il 'i rlr I" Iht' 01
ava il a ble , il IS :l SSlIl i;IIt'C1 "itl , ' IIH' 1,11,,1... I"
11I 1!,011:1I11 tilt' l illl... ... i l l's t.l hli:. llI"s " ilh " hd"'lIphh,d .1111 1 , II I
S), SI I'IlIS, alld, 11 11 11(' p; lIl inli .III ). "ith 11.\1 1;111\1' l iln.II IIII' , \, !Juh
III "SI d !';lIl y fll lh ls 11111 1I('1' d 1111 ' . 1 , I 1I\1l l1 lk ,\lid . 1 11 \"lId'
0 " Ihal le v!' l, I wi ill Kl'lllI llI k , 11111 I ; 1111 ht'll'
III .1('1'1111111 rill' U.ll.' 1'I' I\!1 U Li.u- ! .,!,I!!:" l it: ill .111 II ... 1" 111 1 .... "' 11\111' if'
or w hi t'h WCrt' IIl1til II n l so I'll I II d l'\Jll\\ ' d 1/1 _
1C' IIt- I'III; li5 as l'ruclt-, I sll-lI l St.q' \\i lh Ihi s 111'1 \, 1<; 1\ 1' :'1'1\\1' III ;111
e lldi " ,!!,' <I S il is 1111<11'1 SIood (i ll III )' vit,,\ ) 11 111 1 1' jl II JlIII.III )
Til t' II' ;\11', W I ' k("l, !<It/ III(' 1':'''t'lIli,d ddl('l l' '' ' t', hl' t Wt'l'Il I Iii ...
{'C' l1ll1r y ' s ('J' is is :tnci thust I lI ltinglllH: I" , "Ihn s (1111', ,,1 1\ iI/US 1' \ 1' 11 III
Ihe 1:I)' III :l Il , i s Ih;tI I lt l' \Tr y II l/ l iOIl III' i" 1111\\ 11I1I1'1l . d,1e II I
i t s SC' I ' IIII' ll illt' I I'I'lIl h - I ' ( ' I1I1I1 Y St'I,\(' o f' 11I ; \l I's pnl n ' liiti lil ) illtit-I'I I III
tlt e IIl o ral sl'ht' l t, wc :' I'CIII 1111 Ih, ' ltJlIll.ll Y t.1 bl' 1, II I, tl ll.- . d
f' l'g r ('ssillg st'v('ra J or la l \l('I, \/! III
il1i lJllil), IILlilll:l gi ll :ti lic- 11t'li"I' ,
IJ\lIollin is I hal Illall is I W\,' \\ hu ll y I ln ' l!
1' :lIli :dl ), SII II)' lit e ( :01'('J II i(,;11 I 11'\'o llilill ll , .dlt'! hi.!J 111,111 1'1 .11 I'll
hi s Ct.: IIIII III hUI1l OlI1 HilI 111 1\ \ Ihi , tuo 1. ,1 '" loct'll
tl C.' IIIIUI1t"tI, .. !'t l' I, 1111 I h e 1111(: hand , 1-'1t'l 1I 1\ '( ;" l'rJl lic, 11J 1(,\,, 11111" 11 '
alld it s S{'qlll"l s alld, Oil till': UIIIl'I , till: :" h , 1111 ( ' !\ III III1 .dl' lll
w ili c h qIl C' StitJIH' d Ih e \'c-ry jlo:. ... il 'ili l y or ItlI.11 i, .\II"", "r
all o rd ercd, "'YSl cl ll isa t,l c u lli vC'r!it:_ ,\hcl EimtC"in'!, ('1)111\ ,tll'IlI_(' " I
1I 1;lll c r :11 1(1 t' lIt' l gy, ancr t ic: du, 1I lI,ilu l L' ,11 11.1 111 11e ;11111
lighl w a v(' , altl' l 1'1 ;lIu' k 's Ih.l t t' III'lg)' i .. 1' 1111111'11 ill
di sconlilluous '1 " :1111:1 , ;1IHI 11111 t'l t ai ut )" 1>1 illl ild t' " h il "
rcpl;\I ' cd Ih(' tit'lnllli !!i s!! 1 til' I pl, )sil!<- "il b . 1 St. d, "I 1' 111 _
I!ahilil)' a lld r ; lI lIl o lI l lI( ' S\ , ; IIU\ ,kit " I } " I ' I \".1,1 .' 1'1 11 ' 111 11111 ' 11 ,1
an.: a ll c(' t e d hy the.: iIlStllllll t' ''l lIj l\I' f \' illg 11.1'/11 , ;\. t'lt.l i n 11/1 1'1: 11 11 (' I I!
was illlrc Hlllt' n l i!!lo i("lll,(" a lit! 111:111 IS IIII \\" /.1 . 1"1 1 " III. , I
phil osop h y or il1tli-tl' l llIil1;tt' y :I lid ;\ lI"dli\' ;d"1I 1 ,\ ,
Za \' al'l.;uklt ( 1'l 71; : 111 ) poillt s lillI , Ih(" \11 1'\' , 11 1'11 1 1 IIIIIII,d 1I 1I'1 ,qlh'Jl,
110 \\' IOIl I C 01 11. III :d i,,' d , i s II .. 1011.\-: 1' 1 ti l,11 111111111'1 , I II
u!l i l y' , 1)1 11 Ihat (' 111101' )' .
T hildly. :llld cql/ ;d' y ball a li snl, 111:1 11 II. IS It-.1I 111 111 ;1\ Iu- 1!I"II,d ;
, ..
):
\
I,
[
I
u
lilt: REAL ,,;-; n T ilE Rllt: ruR IC
not or ill , he t}, :\1 II(' a s all ill<lI\,;dll;\1 1I1\I SI di e, lill" 11('
!l ;\o; alway" kllll\\11 til ;\!, :l lld II; .... ('oped w ilh it ill v; lr ioll s siglliryil1g
ways . F. \TIl Wi lll 1" ,11 ;\\ (II itldi\'i du:d d(":IIII, til en: is :1
V: l', 1 d ill'f'I(", lI o '" 11("1\\,("\' 11 kllowi u ,t.{ 111 :1 1 I (or \, \\" 111 1111 J lov(') IIlIl S I
<li (', :llld : \ \\, ;\1(" tli;1.t wl 1l' lI I e1 ie' Ill y wh"I {' wildt! of cog llil iwi
;lud :\11 ,11;11 I iLl\'{" 11I\'(,t! :11 11 1 il1\Ts inl \\' illl 11111<; 1 a lso
cii s;'l'prar w ilh III)" CO.l:,llil i OIl or il. Thi s \ 110, I IO\\'C'\Tr. 111 :111 has
c oprel \\illl h y .. illll" )" Ilt-ll r ing it , th rll ll ,L:h \':lfi o lls lit"lillns whil'h III
SOItH' \\':' Y ("lIail l!- this \Tr y 10\,(' , ill SOIlH' jlllii/it'd lilllli III' otlieT, III
nHlIpLCI d (' :tlh. ' I hl"!'I' lin ion" ;\1 1, 111(' rllli[ ol'dt' s ilC', alit! ; II\, '1I11C'11I
n .. . 1111' IIIHlc- n i:l hlc 1';1('( 111 :11 dt' sir!' , though I, y ddil1illOI1 of'
;\11 : dl " (' 1I 1 "l ljl' n , is "iI :llll lrll!' d SJl (" ' iI i ,' :\11(1 PIT" (' lIl
J :lIId I hrrrby :1111' :11 " III l'IlIHpl!'1 i lldi \' idll :d dl":l lh . ill Orillal!
,it al 1('111 :\111 ;tnn hilll, ;\lId HUll"!' USII:dl y III prtlgclI Y, 11 01 jll s t :1 S
lQU'lil ifili or .. e-ll hul ;' " rT!':llifll1 of :lIIol li n nnll pl n .:,
Nr\'l'r hel,nf', il is IrJt, h:, ,, 111 :\11 " CI' I\ so b l' nl wilh Ih('
p"" .. ihk :1.IIl1illilll ioll of 11l :1l1killd ;\1111 all h is \\'or ks, hi s plall e l alld
p Clh ;,ps /lllll(', <:f'I't: ,il1 ly l ire c' "d fir Ihl' ',\' 01111 h a s :l1 \\" I )'S I W(,1l
pH .. .. rlll ill hi " lil ' lin ll s, :111 <1 (' sPI" ia ll y al a Ili dicll ill lll , hll\
II/ltioll wa o;. il o;.(" 11 p:lr\ of hi ,e; sUl vi\' a\ fil:l io ns: IIf' a s illdi \' idu:ti ctluld
h c s :\\, (' <I , \\'c 11 :\\'(' 1111 !i lld, :HTcpl n l li ( li(l ll s t o d ay, \lnkss
"I' Cll ll le;(, we' \\'i'li h i lldi \' idu:ll ly 10 1(" I:, i ll II nl' fi r Iho"I' ,
Thrse' n o; (,llli ;d <lill cr(" lI c ('s, ;tlld I lfl <l o lIl>lulll t: I S, :tl e dnpl )' lillk('d
til III(' e; rll o;.c h '(' 11:\\(' Ihat I lt c' rC' :" 1t : IS 111' 10 11 11' 11111 1': " , I I :-o ig ll i lil ' ;III1't'
I , 1,(,I'(' <;" il r :I II d filllll il{)II SI U'<;S hll \\' has Ih,' s ilu:lli !)"
!l cllllJI r I II 111(' p 0 I' "lar \'i ('\\' , il is Iht, of'r:llioll:ll
0;1 iet\( 1', ha <; I' d Oil I )' C' IIII IIt 'l' ti l)lI " , Sril'lHT till wlli eh \\' 1' had
h :l e;n l ;tll 0111 1. " 1 It'<; , :\1 111 which 11:1 <; ' kl li S " "\\ ' 11 ' , w ilh ", iLal SC'r IlI S 10
lI\ c la y lll;tll \\",,11 )' fcnt ll iltlllS cii sl' o \'c ri cs, III hi s IlIallia fil r Si gl,j.
l i (,;tIl C(" 111:t1l IIIlIk s 1'111' 111 111':11 hi " 1/ \\' \1 g Uill , n r , d is pl :uTd ,
thc' III Ih t' Ili ad s('it'lIli sl. ( h hI' Ill u b Ii II' IIc yo;l i ca l 11 11' :\Illll gS:
111; \11 , II tll ("IJ II It' ll I \\,idl t he- l'I (';I\I' d li ght, b, IS d i<;nl\TI'I'd Ih l' lI lI -
t'lcaln\ the' !wc' r("1 "I' til(' IIlIi\'(' I"I' ( ill SUIIII' \'t' I' !iiIl Il S, 1IIIIg
klHl\\' 1I h ut CII 1I\i \' I1I1..:" 1\ I I )' I he wi s(" II WI! IIf :lI lt i('l l\ o(' ndl Ilatiilihll s) ;
1ll;t1l - 1'lfllll l" lhI'lI S,OI 11I :\lI - I . II(' il'l'r. Tht'S1' C III lab, liH' II I S:
III.HI will II(' \\ , 0;(" , will (' 111111' 01 chi s li' Il'C' , alld 111('1'1'l y 1Il:1l1ipllblt: il s
C'x i(l r l H C III 1'1 1'\'('l\ t it .. 11 0; 1': 0 1 thi s I' "TI' \\' ill hc' (ht, SlIllIl i tlll III til('
c,,":1I1I 0 1 til l" pl :III(' 1 h y ( 1Iitt'1' du'sl' 11I 1' :lII S 1I II\\' c' \ '('r I"' illg
:1 1,, " Ih e' 1e'<; UI! or II II w i!' d c 11 II g n 'nl, sll1l h , so 111;t1 Ihl'
1111\(" \\ill 1'1I :t1I\!- u S Iii ,l!f1 tnl 1)I'iug gllTdy, I" dl uling, flo wnI'll!'
; Slid, Ill y tho; !t;t \ ' C' ;dw: l ys ('" is tt' d, hlll llt'\' ('/' I wicli e b :l \'(' thc')' Iwc ll

su da n ge rousl)' , ) 't' l !-> o o ll \' ioll sl)' ( lIn all )' , lIIall til !' ('I'J . lllliJigIlOIl :'> ,
sdl'-I,;tllt:dlillg. '1I11: allillgh,:ss', PI ' II Icl'd !'i ll \' i sihl ),. ;11 lill I.' :llId III('
S; IIII{' lillll'. 0 11 Ihl' IH'tT:'>S:lry ;11 1( 1 Ilcl' 1'00111i lllll S 1'01'111:111) I' ;\. t'I 11 -
!,Iilinl, 011 Iht' lilli' 1. .1111 1, ill lil t.: \'a,, 1 :llId ' ,ll iollOl I 1I'lIlill t' al'-
p:llall1S, " \'1.' 11 wi lli IlIliil i ll hilsak, alld , ( . 11 1111' 1> 1111'1 , ill till ' 1.111 11111'
IH('Ss ill g ( II' I h l' Iltlltlll!.
T ht' IlI l ltkll 01' Illi s 1111' :\11 111 1411'" , illl ,lli clll 1I1I1 11', ll.d,I t' , \\'('
lIallll:tll y I' Sc:'1 I1' , : 111<1 1': ls i l y, i llill 11111 IIhllt: 1:\111;1 ;:11' I t-, ti ll y, 1'111 10\\'("(1
wil ll Siglliltl :lIlt T b r 11111 II n ill', \ \ h " I I '\,(, 1 i, Ill' , ,11111 di ' I,I.It"
tht' Silll ;llioll illio a 111(' 11' 11: 11 I.. d rl'p, 'lj leH ,Ii ) I'li, l li l
dllllbl, 11111 a ha c kd l lll' \\'C 1(',\\1'1 " :-o n ' , Thi :-o di ,, \,l.l l c' IIII'11 1 .11 , 11 1',1111 )'
II I(' h:lll: d is:!li OIi or 11 11' SI il' fllilil ' '11 1.11 \'(' 111111\' : :-0 111 1 t' Ii II'
n .:c ill' II1 CII I o f t ill' III Ol lll blldill g, 11111,,"1) 1:11 ('S 11I 1H " , tl lollI l R ,, \:. i ,III :-O
fil ( liug Ih" carll! 1'111' s i x 1I 11J1l ti l!-> III :t I ' i lll ll 't' r S. I I IIIII ,
It is ' lII c; llJ illg ln,s' , III \' CTSd )', 1I :t I I Il C' li ltll s kl\'C' ICllciclnl <" I, ll -
\' l'Il oli s' w hal lli jln k nl )' 11 :11 111 :11 alit! ,ti l tilt' l ill"',
t' \ T r)'\\' ltl'lC' a 1'1111 lid " ", IIl1lltTn'j\'cc! 11 )' 1,1'1;, " , Ihe I l'inl " P I I IC' I\ \
aud ;\1 !'t' 11'! :lInl l illll i llg , The il Ihi :-o ICi O 1II'I II1I In 1111111
IT l'l' li li o l 1. Bill tlrl' I1w:\llillgkss I'"I SII(' S liS dol i! ) ('\,(, 11 i ll tll :l \ tllil l e
1:l1l1ill:11' n ': dl l )" ill lire :dl (011 \'is ihk ,, 1'11111 111 :-0(' 1" ,, :-0 1' ;
Ii iI' (' X: lll1jllc ill till' \\, ;I Y ill \\' hidl ,II I <li " ' IIIII :-O" 1I'Ii dl lli
(\' I('SII ' I ('\'(' 11 Im lli er t o hid e Ih(' 1:111 ; i" til t' I i ll ll. ll ioll II I . 111
itt' II1 II )' Ih(' IIl1'di :l , li ,II t1\\' nl by c! \I\\II - llIlIill c..: II/ ill l" I'IH ,I h'" , il" 11t C':
ill (!:t il)' c' ;II ;l:-O lltlplu's 111; 11 h (' 11'; 1\1' ' " 11' . 11 \ HI, 011111 11 \1', 'II
I hat Wt' dn It-at l , .\l Ic! h ys tt'lilall y ,10; !'i llll l1 ,1\ \\ 1' , III' I II \1,11 11 '
il\\'III \, l'd, III II) prox y 1I11r ;I' "d, fli Ii II 1111 1111 1\ \, I \"I' III\', 1, 1
lI ;tl ioll :,lI r, II ) ' I"ox)' .,1' (10:-01' ,Ii II I I',,jil it ,.I C 1.1\111'1 li 'lI l,
1":\1 is, tll1l1l1 g h \' n lnl ill l n nl'i. 1I IIII II g h i ll\' n tlLII' ll l II I c,
Alld Ihi s Sig ll il il' :'111 1', i l' 11 0 1 i ls c' '' ' (, 1,, ;1111:-. ,II 11 111 I ', ;s gi\, 1'I1 I II II, \ 1)
Iht: 1Il t'l l i; \ who 1': 111 wh i p "I' or 11111 (" do\\ /\ III' "I II i 11'1 ,I II' . 1' \ \111 ; , ,,, 1
;I S a lH's lsdkr ('a ll hi' uC;II (,d \,' h ,, :,'s,d l', II I l ic l' d("Itl l II I ,I Id lll :-01. 11
1"'(0\ 11 1' a \\' ull cI I' \TILI j Il XI:lI" ,,(' d \\,i lll ,I g n l lli It lt- , " ' ,III
; dli :\lI('t, wi lh a di, I;\1 1I 1' I'rt ':-OI 'l1 lnl ,IIld tillll'l wcI
h ']11.: 11 iII C'"I\,(,l1il ' III ,
I sa y ': dl 11( ' 1' ,111.\1' il is III p i, I.. I'll ti ll' IIII V I II II '
011 "". l i ke ' tll c 11 ll'tli .l :\1111\'1', II I 111 11 1111 il ), hili 11 0 1' 1111111' "II I ,
1'1' 0 111 Ihe :O; 1I1'1 ""I'dl y 111' 1111' ;11 : ullllilll!' l l ,ui \ (' d isl II I " ' C" IlI lhc' I "'-lld/l-
!-> I' it' ll ti lil' 11('( 1111 , " 11111 Iht: ;I :llhll ll 1. lI i: 11I clIIg llI ,ll il , 1i '11I1I1'" "I tl lI' ,, -
Il lgr II I' PI'\ i li, a l ic li-ulllgr III ti ll' I'C'I:-OII II ,III ) 11I""" l il .1 1:-011' 111 :'1' II I
dnirc', hC1I1 1 ,j, (, 1'i;li :-0 1 .i .lIgHtl or slI ppo",' cll y /C.'\Ol ll li ll ll ,lI r g llllll " 10
tholt o f' s lIl'l'u:-on ll ), I'ni:!g" gil: 1I 11('S, III nut ill Ih,' ,,1.\'IIIII S 111 11 -
"
,
III I II .. K t . ,\ I. ,,:-; II I II t-: H II r. I () K I C
tr;l(lict ;oll ". (If OI l r c cill c a t io ll :t\ I t is pn ha ps one o f t he
!"i a ddc q :t!"i p rnli or :1 11 lite t ha t Ihe , \' er y il1 ld kcl u al s wh o
IIl nq 1(' li,, 1I i ll sli d , 1lI :1 l1il' l dat i\'{' Ii 11'1 11 -
<;r kf'" 1.111 \' ic- til11 S [n al !f- ; \ S! 011(' t YPt',
Fud,'-: I' : Ihi<; i .. the I {, TIIl [e lr ; 1 'nde' i l\ \'C'lLll' d h y;\ glllllp of
\\," " :w al y .. n l I!lf' \\';1)' Ct T I:lili fuleS II I' 11:\II sli n li latioli a l gr;ll lll ll ar
W{'fC \011 II" hll\\' 111,1 :to; logi("a l ll r ('xpl il' ;1 a .. l ht')' ( 11'//(/ ( Iltr
,,1I(I/o,{ : n IIl/tlm l '! .1:/1/(/" t'di tt' t\ by 1\ 1111 BOf kin 1!)J'l). SlI ll lt'wh n('
t he ru dge - ! Il k fHTIII S. :\" i ll ;, 11 11 0\\'/'\' (' 1 , :dll lll ll l a ll
di"" 1111 1<;" i .. IIn l /l ill y, :\.'i j .. l1 :llIn :l l. i ll personal a lld SIH III -
1:\11(' 1111 <; Si lll ;l li o t1<;, II n \ n ll ly, as i<; l ig ht ,lll d p nlJ lIT, ill p lH' ll y, wilh
il<; 1,l:ld.: li n i n (,I' d ensi t y, ,L.: I (';l t J..: :lJl<; nf
Ih(' \'('i l Il f ( rill' l l1lt' ll y is \'cry d o<; {' tn Ih e rc a l), ,L:" ps
,d ,ie h \\' (' ("all fill ill wil h a ll and ;my h il I abo al1d 111 01"1;
dan\!r , cllr<;ly ill pbll ll('d I lisl" (lIlISC, I I )'
(lel iltili , ,, , ,Illl<;{ IlI d \!(' , A ll d i ll <;n far a<; a has ic prt'llli ss is :\ t all)' li ll ie
<; b o\, 11 or tlCI I.H I'I\ til II(' u ll tnLI' , o r II lIl y 1':11 Il l' IIIH', o r 11 0 1 tr u(' ill
Ihe <; ,"1"(' (' arl in ;tnTjl t nl , ;\ ", hok ('d if in' l"C Ilia ps(' s, :\11 ahyss
ITIl\ ;,im: 1111' 1"1' :1 1, \\' h ir h 1I1 11 <; t qll ic kl y he filled " ' il ll II ('W idol s,
I r;u l ju qnl ,<;i ,l.!ll il; c:\ lI t"1', ' II I(' d ilie l e llt 'l's \'1"1 \\"1'(' 11 ti ll' 1"0l1 a p s(' or
{'al li (' r .. \<; Inll<; ;'\111 1 l o d ay \\"mdd '<;('(' 11 1 t il li(, II. t he p an', alld 1. (' 11 ["(;
III (1 111 illt Ir;l<; c'd a ll d ill r,<;ca pa hl r ;, W;!l('IIl'SS of SII l"(('ssi\" c' dlallgl'S,
( Jill" \ ' ('1 Y I' :'P;1l it)" fllr heing t lUl s IIl:l ll ip,d" II 'd, I' ill ll'r into ig n ur-
ali t'{' II I ill lll "i llrnc- l" OIl\'icl iIlIIS :lrld (c' '1 " ;rll y siu("e l c) ind illi'lcllt.:t'
C';H' h pro<ill"i ll g I ll(' 0 11 11'1" ill I UIII ;" SO In'l ps to ("I"f'(\\(', i ll t he lo ng-
{ l illi, t hi s II rw W( ' ha\'(' fi r t h t' l ea l ha vil, g /)(,(, 1111 1('
Ilfln' " I, heca me h r utal l y ('lHlliWed wilh an d thell a s
t bnll ;d ly d ep r i \"l'( i Cl f il. \ Vidl I hl' d l':\t h (I I' the p la n (' 1 i ll l he COII -
\'{, ll if' lI d y t he t h aI Hut nnl y ("<I ll 110 OI It'
b (" Irll strd IHII Iha t W(' f1l1r s <"l\,('s l'<III Il UI, a nd I"Ili1Ir iiJ lll c l"(1Il-
s t a ntl y. m akrs liS 1I1li\\'oidaul y ;I\\'ue of' Ihe ITal's IIl C:\ ll ill gkss_ NOl
" hsuldil y, whi r h is i tself a ,<; iglli l i(";1.J ln:, Ihroll ,l.{ h \\,hic h we saw
r f' a lil )' I'a rl in i ll Iht' c' c' I!t ll ry. bill i ts i\.<; I{ol , hc-
(;1 il1(' 1 pll t il p, S:\ ), ' ,he world is ' J(.' i t hc r Ill c;llIi ngi"u l
111 11 ah .. 1I 1C 1. It qui l(' si lllpl )" ii ,'
Tll i<; " \\':\ l e ll l' SS , as ;1 K(' IlI' l a l isnl p h t'lI tlIIH: Ufl ll . SC'C' III S l it' \\' _ U nli l
li lt\\", !l ill y a Ie\\" phi lo'<;(Ipltc' IS, madllu' li or n:lll ks wllu ld I na illt ili ll
I h c' 01" t hr rC' ;d, I\lId if". as ROSSI'I mainta ills, we
d n ], ;I\' r :\ITC'';<; 10 t ill' 'idiocy' 01 thl' 1(';" . h;lIr C"lI ll sc ' iulIsly, ill s wldell
11\ 11 111('11 1<; ;\ ("('r t ai n l yPt' .,1" hll ll HlI lr, i,.ilalill il ill IT rtaill sl'critir
d l lll1knlll(,ss, loss ti t" 111\"(" o r Ihrough (SOlli e) ar t a nd
I I I I. U I ,\ l. I I
(SOliit') philosophy, t l re' ll i t l"cHrld Ill' .I , gunllit;11 till" pI 1':1'111 tlllll' Jr,I '
1'1'I'lI li; lIl )" Ihose Illtll l lt'III S, \\ ith ils ; '1 1411 ,Ii} IHil 1.,1t kill "I' ,
ils fl n.'d"II' o r II IIIII'S, i l S vi sil JI}' <l i" " III'I', 11"\"\"('1 111 _
n l' a si ll g il l \' , d llllll' '" a " i" \\nLn ll p, ll ,dld III d ,,' I,i l tI. -
ra i l' Oil thl' I n t III" I I ll' pblll't , all,1 i l : ild.t'lit; lI lt(" "I 1 \ \11 11. , 1111
plri l()sol'ilic' ;d nUIl'lllS ( 11('gel / Kall t) \\hl\1I htllh III tlll -
I t' IC'IIt \\' ;IYs to dllpli L lIl' tltl' tllllfllugil".tI loll I \\ ilb .1 ; 1111 1'
SOllll ' h"w ;11I<; l"I lt , \VI ' ,II C' l" i\i ll ' \!1"I1 ill .,," ,'II C' \\ I" 1/1,1 1
IIlItologica l Lu' \: W ( ' !r ;I\' C-III'1 III Ill' II I nall'd c 111 1" II ', dlHlI\..
til" drugged, 111' 1 PC-III, " '}' "I'll'l l " r lu \I ' , ."Id plri lll" '1dlt' " 101 IIII'
IlIe;l lIi ll g lt' ss , 1 11' 11 1 I' 11111 "\"olu lll e , lI ltl Irc' lI / ln l a l d' lI'1l1 ' I " b nd
II w;l lI ing, I II hlli lli II C'W S)":<oll-/IIS, 11"1 11 c' til! ' ("III I ' lgnL! C' " I ' l' III ,'lItll ',
; Iud lain !<o l" lI lil,lic s , \\III, h :<o Int! ) 1I11" ;' lIillg , llul IlI,n i l
i"IIIH' l ioIlS; "lid lI ; tI )"s is, S"l il li lt ' phil, "I 111 ''1' ' 1
lill gui s ti C' phil osoph y, plll'1I01lIt'IIt1l l1g), hn II 1l'IIt ' U li n, II1 0 d"11i 1/11'111-
I ii, gnlC' I ;lIi \"c gl :IIUIIl,IJ, pSydll .lillglli: lil \, !\'" illl illgui ' III ', .1 111111 '
pn log)', I ' !t'" all 01" w !r ill! :It 'CI"P' ;, : gl\l-1I l ilt" .IIIIILloIllIlI" \\ " I
S),SI t' II IS, .1 1t ti l' ,,' I, id, It} tll " I"' 1 ;111 , /, III nl 1,/,,1. IIII'
1111"111 ;1 1 stl ul" lIl1 n hUIII " tl d j 'l tlll l !<o I' , " , 1111 ' 1 Ih. 1I1 : .::
t CI 11 111 1' a ll d ('Xl' l ll l ll ci 1I !,,,n ti ll' ti i!<ol to l ll: I' BUI c' il1l1"l 11. 1'
di sl ' ollr:<O l' 111'1111 di st'tllI l :<0 1" t il ;11 II la ll h . s III "("tin l ' 11,1 1'
l"l s 1I1l\\" (xl',lIl1lnl III ,I \ ,Lq illll",,,) " I IIlqllt"l,' dl"lll n i
pI 111',.1'1 ill llS,
I:
\ !
,
, !
2
The rhet oric
Th(' w ore! ",t/(l II ! j .. ;\ " :lIlllli g n o tt'i :IS the willti I"l' :ilil )" . hfl ill ill
dt'lI,jt:1li n li all d ill (, 01l11 0 1' lI 11 11 1. 11 \ 1I (' II II\; l l i ol1 it ca ll 11 \(: :1 11 tIL t:
\'("r h:tl : ,,1 t l \(" p"C' 1 ;lll d ;l I' P II' hC' lI (kd h y li e;; alld i t C:\ II ;t b ll
IIU' ;\I\ ti ll" t ri ti !"'" IIIt' d lOI II I C\ j.:. t't rn i ll ,L: :111 <1 alla IY!'- ill ,L: Ihat \Tr l. :d ;II \.
II ,, 11 : 11 t'" ,11:11 d.' IIIII :1\ in' I r w i l II III h!" r 11 ;1111('<; of di \ cipl ill "S,
1I 1l, :tl lly hiq pl y. \\' Iti t II i .. 11I " h II II' ("\TIII S :lIId tht' t1 j"" O Ii I SC' ahollt
I Ii e 1" \"('1\1:" . Ill" ;\Il : t !1l 111 Y. I IHl n' " 11 111'\ ' 01 11 1(" "Id d is"i plill t' s ha \' t' t1 ,:u
:lIld il i .. ' lI l1 y ill n ' bt ;,, !,! ), 1( ' \ t' 1l1 ' III ICS th a t ti ll" di still .
( 1111 11 11: ,,; IH' ll lIlIe ,1c : 1I ; Ii iI' j . .. c; t:ll ltT i .. hOlh ' I Ii t' 11L t' -
:lI ld 1\1' lIi <:(" i l' li lll'
11 ;,. ' \ ' ;II ('\ i o
WI' " ;1111 \01 Ic;u l a lld \\'1 i ll" ,
1I 11 'C' ilalli <; llls ( I' :udtl V;I lc- s ill
.!II -if'llt" II I'IIW;lII il1 '-: ' , h l , i(" II Itt' IIPI'II <; ("," III ( II II' Ot 't' III"i't'lHT "I'
IIW:I I1;IIl! J, 1111 tl1I' ;\l I :l l lIgy w iil l I' h ('I OI; ' <; :lIlt l I li l' lOlil" , IlL l l III
III :11 I i n ' ' 1111'111' ii,' j<; 1;11 d y 1I <; (' d , '"11 II H' iii ", ilH I ion !,lIs"il dl' II I :tl l
"n tl w ;\llIhig n i l y I'n ll :l ill <; ,
III 1' 1I l110 1: lti llll, rli('l o ri c (" all 11 11' : 111 lI n" \ ' n l l ;1I ;,, 1 :\'; s ki ll or , III
"I d eI' l {"f lll ", t ll (" :111 [ 11 :11 (" il a r ll l.<; , lli a t ' lUSH III IS ;111( \ dcl ig li t.<;' ; all d i t
I a ll :I I"" 11 \1":11 1 g l ,oll l il " 'I u 1' nn ' , ' II H' I"! " Ili l'llI ri (", ,, II l c:m i li g w!l i( h 11 11
dll llill H Ull " " h ll lll II Il" I";U' I Ihal Ih(' b l l ' d a""il';. 1 alll i II ln l ia('\: 1I
,IIf' IIII ;' \,' ;, ,, IIl l"ni l'li \' I' :1', \\'1' 11 ;IS dn nil'l iq'; il I i:l i II Il'tIIII 11"I1 1h.,
I' ,wt ;tl i tl tt' ", Ii. i l ies' Iw I' II ll ld me, a I !:I i III ge ll ll )' III' JI" kl' d by
( : h :1I 1C 1'1 ;llId Slt: lk l"" llI ':II I' , II Ht ti ll' 1I \{, ;tll i l lg 0 1 ' !l II' II " 11 11'1 0 1";1" III :, )'
:d "" gil h:11 k 1'II 111wI III till' IIr i ,l!ill al SI' I\ " t' ,d Tll c ll!! ; \" ti l' :lIl "l"
l it .. 1111' :11 1" I II pn s lI :t {1c- a ll :l u d; (' III '1' "r, lil' ' 1I IIIh ' o r
1I 11t " " I'\ C II i l I h .. y ;11 1' l i ll 11 11" 11 11 ;1' \\' :1 " bo r ll i ll tilt'
1. 1\\ - Clllll t " 1:11 011 1 Ill" 11 \ 1" p rllpn l \ ' , 1'111111 " ' hiI' ll it
, ,, 111 11 ;1 , ,,, .dl til Jl "li lic alllf 1111-' 1': 11 11 ill ' " 1I" 11 ' l i l .
' \ 'I II I., y II Wl ll tit' it:I S l hidl y :11' '1" il('d I Ill' d l' ll ll l ;lI i n' tl lt'; I1 I-
o/llilil ;1I II lI' liI"d, :I " appl i n l 10 tilt' \ 'c t h :t1 :111 , IlI tt il n ' l :l i ll s il s
Ii !'Il n! ;1 I i \"f ' :1111 II i 1 y; \ \ ' :' Y II !' C, Bllnl It ' "/ h,- J hdol/ ( I!/./It lioll ( I )
1 '2
(
' 1111. IUl l. l f lk l (.
j( JI. l':":, lIt1plc , d ('al." wi lh t1:t I I;lIi \'1.: I c dllli cl' lt' S, IIUI abll i l ll l' \io
Bool h' s wa y Ill' dea lill g wilh 1111.: 11 1. Ti lt.: I bel ori \' "I' lIi (' \'I' , I/. LI :111
1t:l s. 0 11 Ih(' \\'holr, lIu,: l i l s! t ll lJ " - Pl j ll l :ll ivc.' ) 1" 1I1I1I 1I 1;lli ol1 , hnl i"
n ili t" a\ ll1 c' lli o ci i l i., II snl l ilr l "jl l lal i H ('\" ; !l II. lli llll , p,lIl it'lai :lll y
ill a lld 1111' l ' IIII I I . l lI il l ill ll ' It! 1I1.1I1 I PIlI.III\I ' In It -
lIi q u l' s ( t Ilt, ri ll' l u r i l ' ) o r p\l bli r it )' or pol i l i c d IIr I II ;111 . " ) " ..
:"ld I' x pose Ih e nil ir:d Il lc lbocl s III' li n- 1.lI d }
1I 111 .II"C' III, all d r ;m.: l )' t unis i ts iloud h Kh l s "1'"11 i l .-; I'!I
.. I <1 11 1 \\1,11 :t "': II! ' IIr tl lt St' dill in tll il :, ; l lId lIu' pi l l.dh 01 1.I II ,t.:t1 . ! gl' .
C I i I led d iSl' OIl i'."( ' fltI \ , I I It C1I \VOl k .. i., I lo l l Iii 111. 11 I) \ 11 1111'1 . 11 ti l ' ' lilt I' i t
i s di snHlr s c.: , whir h i s r C ]lI l' S{'lI\ ;tli o l1 , a"lllI l a " l li c II I ' . !
1t' - P I CS. Jl I:l li u l1 I,J" ' 11': " i l (. Si IH(' till ' " hi ll. t,dl" " .tl i
all: ti yse iJl 1II 1c.: \\' :1 )' II I ;Ulfl lllf' f ti ll: 'I ! 1c.:11I 1 ii" II I d ll' II" XI, I , h.tl l It t'l "
s p l ' ak f1tt ly III" n i l if"; ti IIIl-thlld, ;tII d I 11 '(' ti ll' 1'1 11 1.11 /'I"!;III ' I' I , 1 . 111
11 M' 111:111 )", l i ll 1(' ,1 ' 11 / . " Ilta[ will 1"'11 11111' : '1 'p:1I1"111. I d Ol ,,1 111" 111'\ 1 i ll
01 It' 1111' 1111111 , ill l ,tllihk 1111' 1'\' (1)' In.l , ()II ti ll' 1111111 . 1' ) I , h. dl
It nt' <l tld I lt t ' If ' , IOl ll ' t ' p l S II I II ltH ll'I1I 11 11"111 \ t ill 1111" 14 11 11 1 tl l. 11 . 11('
wwf ll l 10 li lt' , b l il P IIIC' 1111.( 11 ), ill 11 11' ... .. Il ' ( ti l , I , It " ,tI .
st'l I' t" IIt1 t:l llll'd ' sys l t' lt l ' , ill /:"-111 11' II I 1lI l l li ll \,1' ni l ;1 i \lll
TI l(" '111 :1111'1 I lt' t W I T Ii Ilwol )' :1111 1 Ilil il l\lIl 1,1\ 1\\ "
I ... III
I" , ,
I 1'1 " .. I
, \111 1' I " II I
p l o n' du l l'S, IIL II ("t e l. i, \ \(' :l h. \\it ll ll ll i li lt' 111 111" 1. III I ltp,l l l"I II I , 11. 11 1
sill )\\' , ", ,", I, , ," I",", " "'" ,,' " , ' " I ' I I I I C' I ' X , It' \\ 1",11\ 111 '" II I II ' \\ lIt " .. I
II ;ulilillll ;t! nitl. iSII I, :lItt l ill .. klPl t ' l I , 1t. t!1 III!" tl d lnl'tl ' I "
ill dt' l a il , wi l lt Idi l nlet; III t lt t' Bil l lin !' I , I., dl lllll llll l' IIII'
pt olilen. , :lll d I" id !t i s llI l y 1If" hll th II I111 C' gt' lI l'l. tl l ), Itll 11 ' ,1 .11'1 \ \\!t ll
:11"1' lI ell)'1't l a ll l i li:' 1 \\illl Il1l1dl"l l l tl lt''' l ) , :J 11I 1 :d, ,, , , ill , " '"II lt" " I Jft
11 lf'IOlil ' Illa y be o hst't II I' 10 II n\"l IlIl , n S, hy W,I} III i ll ll tl diit l i llil III
SUII II: fl f I lt c' I l' l II I " I ... It :dl ht'
1. Thcol' Y a nd t.: rili c iSlll
T J:tt\ i l;lIl1 ;tll ),. l'Ii l i l i ' lI l ( (' \' :dll ,II O) , ill ll'lI'II" . lII d tin' I t1w' . :
II p l ' H'en \", 1111 l ilt , Wlill it- , l' t11 pi,i l ' a ll y , IHltiill g ill 1I ' 'I( i ' i l
!iuds ( fi r \va ili s I tl l i ud ) , ;ltl d :111 )' 11i . ' III ), i l Ill a y ('\-1.1\(' ' -OH'I;l! ' " It 11111
!I II" " Th"'II)' (ill II lI' lIr y! \\lIl h, til!' 1I 11 lt'1 I 11 11 lid ,
PllljlIISi ll ;l!, likl' se; l ' lI l C, :t 11 ), l'ol it oi" , I II ltldd, .1I ,d I"' tll lt: i'l .I,l! ,l ill \ '
ti ll EII IS,:' Sl ' intt C' tI\lI" 1111 ' I " II ." 1 1'1 11"1110 11 11"11 ., .111.1 11101'" Ih,ll
SI IIII I will II It ,c' I ,. 1' ,\ \ 1 , I \ 11 '\\ 1 " 01 111 , , I
I tl {)( ld, 10 kilO'" w h .11 it is t il l .
' I '" gi \, t, I \\' " , i uq tlf" \ 'X <lII I P "" ,,. 1'1. 110, .. , ' I"I ,d il l 11\ l l' Ji lllt j I ",i ll"
II lilt: K.I : ,\ I . ,\:";1) IIII'. H.IIEIIJItI<:
11111. divided 1I :lrrativ(' illt o 1111('(" t),pes: (a ) ",hnl' 011 1>, tht' lIarratm
"'Iwak\; ( It ) \,hl'IT (lilly ,h(" dl:lr;\nnS spt'. lk; (d lIIixed. This doC' s
lill i , \ lIinl y 11"111 ' 0; "111 [III' bet" al hi s lillI(' s illt't" tl lC' lirs!
'YI'C' Ilwl! (' ,\:1\1('" IInl>' ill 1I :lIr,lli \'I', :ttld dralll ;! Ilad at
It-:, q ;1 11;1.11 ator- likl' dI Ul u .. . The thcw ), is hasnl 011 OIiC h y plllht 'sis,
,kit ,11( ' ;111 01 i .. t "1111:11 III 11 ;11 ";lIi,' (', : lI lfl aCCllldiJlg If) that
ni'nillll il ("(,\TI S :11 1 111(' 111I ' IIIeliiai JI(l'; c;; illililic<.; tl' p. hi'll' , I' IL :L p.
:,11 1. 'I f!\\'n l" a IlwOI Y, npl"ci:tlly \\111'11 it don. lIot dcal wilh
('Inpi! i,:11 II ', IIil y IHlt \\' i,1I :1111'1 .... ' ''. CIII Iw a lIIudd wllid. lin
l ' UIHlclt' (Jllin' l wllllll y rXI -Illplihcs; tllal I S, tile" ( ollClI ' \(, n';;lInplts
"h.,,, ;1 / ,, ((1111";11(/ 11/ CII :II;lI ' jn i qil' th;11 pl:ll T il ill Ih i .. IIr 11. ;11 ('"Iegllry
0 1 \111' IIIl1del. A , i-; Ioll" (/(/UrOII I I. ('I'. ,1. l .rl ) lIi\'idl'll
i"ln (;1' ('pil li-nit' ( ti ll 111 litillll' ), ",bie h II SI'S Ihc I"T:-; (' 1I1
11 ' 11 ""; t ill dt"!i\)I'I;uI\' (' ( pnlilil"al ) , whi . " ow ." Ih e fUllllC' It 'Il,,,' ; (d
li'II' " ,it' t tlw 1;11 ' \ ") , \\hi." " "<:: s Ill(' pa." 1. ()lI\i llll ."I)' ht' was nlll
ill'ld yillll. [hal IIllt' ("; \111111 1 pl : \i "r or hl ; ltlH' ill tltt, past h 'II"I ' III liI ;11 a
1'"lilil' ;11 " p('n' lI I1l llo;( lit, (' /llird), lIlIlIj )l ,"nl ill lit e rlnlll" , IIi:. ; \
'l"t'qioll hl'l( 01 "It'dll lllill:tIlIT, fir ('\TII 1I1I'1t' lik elihood : 1I1It'
til' \,1:.1111''' PIt' S(' l1t to rn: t"1 \'c I ht' t'tlillpliIlH'1I1 ti l" n ' pl"o;I('II;
0"" 1I1 .lk, .. e1l'1lioll or Set h ' III,' II, ,,, ;tiJtIlIl [hI'
1111 III ('.
1111111'" hI' h('J(' 111;11 a 1111'111 )' 111;1 )' II(' W'Ollg, )1'\ ''''(Ilk'
li ,,' ;1 l iIlH. III IIII' ;1 lilllil<.'<1 pU l' posc : " .g .. Iltl' l'I II Ie-'Il:!i c 1111'111)' or li lt,
IIlI i\.., ,, , , '\\41Ikn l ' l i ll 111.111 )' n'IHIllil' S, ill III<' " , ' II " ,
d' :' 1 tlw 11\1 1\ CIII('III" 01 tlw s lOllld Ill' , l\ Tt li ald y " n ' di , 11'1 1 OIlId
,, 01111 . r\ 11"'4 11), 4' ; \1\ "],.0 11' :1 ' SlInll .c,' h )Pllllwsi ... , \\.' hit h :lnullnt s III I'
:!l1 dll' kllo \, II I; " IS. III" ;1 '\\l';lk' h y pothn is. ",hid, :H', ' OIlIlI S IiII' 11111)'
By Iht' .": \lIlC' t'lk(,1I a I hl'or), 111:1 )' I ll' l'Iilil ' i,, ('( 1 II I s wn,' ;lSPI 'I" IS
11111 :lt l(' jllnl ;1 ":1 \\tllkitl .c, hypotlw:. is. Slil'tln' ill o lhn \\'III <\ S i s
'Illnliollill .!!. i""I 11.
I II li[I'I :",' "tal ' lin' 11ll' "; " Iilll [i ll ll ; ... h y 1111 lIW:ltl S So rlc- :II- t'llt .
wilh sl illIlt I hl' iIlIJ'II"' si lliliIY "I' IlIlJk in.c, al all )'
III,il ' n \\jl h n nt <; lIlIlI' PII' l'I'IIlTivcd 1I0lilill of ",ital WI' ar(' looking ilt
:111.1 1111. alit! oj il !'i siglli l il ' ;!IHl' ill I clation 1,111111 1'1" !'i illlil;1I obj flns. III
liIC'OIIIIII', \\1' know th"l \\'hal WI' alt' Ic;t( lill g a P"I'III l or , '\,(, 11 :1
"111111"1 , :111 utl".:t ll I'l'ic ), :I "by. a 1111\1' 1. ;11,,1 \\' t ' \\' illilol 'j lldgt" til'
1'\1"11 ; '1'1'11'1 ;;111' ;1 ."0 111 \(' 1 :1" it il \\"('It' :t 11 0\'1'1. Alld a s \\'1:
1111111' " I Illt"1' I'lnlllll'l'I \, 1'I1 IIl1lillll " Illgt'llll'l , \\'1' a l lllllll:t l icdl y
1'\ "h,' "" 1111' killd III' \ ' ;('\\'1'1';111, w h ir h i" :1 l \ (' 1), dl'llll '1I 1:11 y) 111('111 y.
.\"d ilthi" '\' ;I"\\P"illl' I II Ihl' 111 11\(' nll\1i,ir:l1. 11 ;l(liIIOIl ;iI l'Iilil' isllI i:-;
\ ; tglil'. illl'llll Si s lf' III, s lIiJ,in' li n', alit! ':lIdy , lIltl 11111)' \'(' 1)'
slm .... ly n:qll t"S li ulI('d, it d u t'S ""I II ;\\'(: l u III ' .,", ,h,t( is IIIt'lI' I ) ,L 1II,IIk
(,t' \\'('ak n i li c islll .
Thcllry I HJ\\c.: Vt'I' , wl"'1I il s Irlljl'l'l is 110\ 1'IIII'ilil;tI hilI :,
lill"l ;\I y at Icf:1t I, is 1' : \1 el y ' M il'illilu" .1", il 1'1111'"1" III l it . ,lilt!
w h"11 il is, it 1', 11 1 ht'llllllC ;t l i,,<i<l ",)"11' 111. l il.t "'''1I1t' \ ('I ,i"", III"
SIIIII' III I :lli slIl, 11, ;11 ("all rc.:II1 :1i" ptlll"I ) ' b ) 11111 Iluil!'
<I;lIi".!!. \0 It' sl iI S(' lr :lgaill",1 tltt" ("tllIlr;\(lil l' l l y ,illllll." 101 I II\' !t . . '.:", III.
i f il dLII' s , 0 111 )' w hal I i I S til l' tlln'I ), lilLI' I l' jlll L1 1 11 '-: , 11\ 11 IIL.I
4111 )' 1"1 , 11101': dillintll \\.',1)" III(' \\oDt I.illd "I ", ,,ll j l'l\I\(' I llI i 'I'11i
( :rili. i:- 1I 1 :llId Ili n ll )" al I l lli l 1.c.:"' I, , III' II Lt I
s hllldd wOl k IllgIllrn . till 11111 1 ... 11t'\" III lilt I I IILI"
:o.( il1I11' II I' liln :III1II' 111 ;111 )' Ila \ , dl(,;11111 til , a '''')'\'' 111 ' III
'u lli \' l'I s:,1' (hnn )' "I litn :tllll t: t"lInl . .Il1d 111 ' \\ gl' 1I1' I,III ),
adilliltni 10 Ill' :111 il1'l'os:o.il lll- illu :o. ioll . TJ.('tIl) 1.llIlIlIt hI' ,I " I \t ' "n'
IU' call " t' i[ ,it-;tI .. ",il h ntlltJlal , IILII ndtlll,d I'l lItilil l ' . ( l l nlt" Iht'
adoplioll III [ile.: 1"1 III 'hUIll ;I'" " l i" 1I11' , 1'111" I ...
diSl'ipllll('!\ likc so c iulog y, (' 11 , \\ hi t h lill"l ,II ) tlLt ' 1I1
W; \llt S to j"ill .) II has Iwell illljlllll :1I11 111 ti lt: 11.ldillull,d
Illlll -sci clitili c pron: dul c la, IS "lid Itlljlillg 11t .. 1 ""IH'
gClln a l prill c ipl e \\,ill alld 10 at!t1pl ( or Il y I II ;td UI,t j dlt'
!'i l ' i l'llldi c IIH tllod tit' filst l'u.\lIlI.t1illg a h ) IJlltlini ... \\ 1.11" Iu
look :II I he: P!.I'!llIlIll' II;\ ." 11 ,I S III t n l i, tlll'lI 1. I I 11.1' 111"- "
i llll' lJ rI;t1l1 to de \' d ll p a lI i' lll lI I hU1l1 illt "I'
Ihe III,jt.:lt e.:x;\llIiIl Cd , thus 01\ \;1)' lr"II' :,\ lIhjnll\I' I,.II,II'''I . \(
til' lilt IlI t' lt' III th,' [1'>. 1 i;1 1111( .. " \"' 11 \\old " 1", ' 11 il 1, . III II\.d
jat .. llt'll :11,11 "1'11 alit! \' .It 1\'", 1111' '"Ilt It II HILI "lie ,. h",,1 101
;lIltlthcl . ' \lId if Ih e: dillindl)' lit,,, ill tltl' Lil'! tl l,tI , il ll l'"1 1.1111
Ih(' 11111(11'1111 :1), I"" Iht' n' 1I 111:o. t ,Ii \\, \ ):. 1t'L1I.lill ill IIl Il IIl1 l1d , litt'
IIt' xi ll ili l)' "I' Ih,' I II ItIIl,d, ;1" lI J1j1l1wd III 11:11111 . .1, "I II' ILIIIII" " ,I . Ilti ...
f1ex ill ilil), ." ILlndt! IIld, 1'1111''1'1. ... 1 1)' , 1'I10I'n ..... ' tlill 11' 111.'-: 111111 111 "I' I ht'
alls lI ;\t' 1 110111 11 (' III tilt' Ilil/dd. ' 1 Ill' 1''''1 11t 111 111111,111 ) '1 11h 1111 ' 1' "
Itl pustulal e :Iud ddt'lld Ihc' ir II II ,,It-I ,I ... IIIIJIk:. ' , il1. l,i ... I,III1.1i \\,11 k
thl' 1I It'prt'St'lllillg a II1 ;w i li: .\ lcd Cillll'll"") " ' I""II Cll llii " ILI/llkl, \\ 1111
illdividll ;ti di \"' lgt:llt'CS Ihat ('ould I,, I'alil'll IlIi;\lllI n "II ,.
qllt''' li o ll (If 1'II'IIUlllill :llllt'S {Tod' lIll \'
TILl' las k 01 da llll l"alillg th c",1' IIIOHII' I, 1,,' IIIng ... til tilt' 1I .. ' ''II til 1.t1l
' l ' h , lllIfiIlI C' I P It'lillg tlit" di\"t'Ign .. n ;1I 11 11" 1"1 1""I1I1,lI lIn 111' 1,,11 .'-:, I.,
tilt' nilil ' '1'111' Le e l tll:11 Illt' y :lIC' ' 1'1411)14'\, Ill.t
likl' H;II II\1' ''. <:"''' ' 1'1' ,IlI d 11I.tll y 111 111"1 ', ' IIII' ,11 11 1 II,., '.11110" 1'1'1 " '11 .
IIlak, 's the lask "illinill bill 11 11 1 illll'l ....., illll In ,11111 i, 1\1
OIlI y ('; 1",\' IIlWi l i.olwflll Illr btllh lilnJl r .lIlll I Illil ' ", III ' 11 ... "pp" .... "I
\
IG 1 III. K 1".,\ I . ,\:'\: II 1 l' F. R J II . I II H It :
ran Ihat dl C'orc ticianl; ;Hld crilics arc oft('11 dill t'fCIlI P('ople ( rather
like .. ;1Ilt! liltTary t.: rili n ill Ih(' old Ibys). l ht' nil ic
Irrllo;i llJ,! (or heing II;HI :11) Ihenr y :1Ilt! till' 11I"OII'I;l'i ;1I1 (or
bring 1,:1( 1 at) illillil;\(' (,ilici"1I 1, is far 111 0 1( ' s n ioll \ ,
T heory, al tile' 1l101I1 (,IH, is i ll all)' l ' ;\ "C i ll ;, "f II I h.': I' cUll f u s ion
:IS we sh:lll sec, wil h difl <- fCIlI alld indiviti ll;d 'SYS ICIUS', SOIlI C bast'l l
011 sYl1lbolic logic. SOIlI C on ,1.(" IIHH:1:t1 SOIl IC O il lingui stics,
SOIIl(' 0 11 p')T lw ;lll :d ys is (ne), SO IlI(' plll e'ly l1 , i\':lI(", ('arh \\' ilh it s
d il kl CIlJ Ill l'tabll gu; lgt alld lIoLltillll . III ph r"i !"'i, \\,\';11("\'1'1" t he
dio;;:lglt'I'IIH'1l1'li, C\TI')' OIH' lI SCS Illl' ,,; 1111(" 110[ ; l lioli . Si llli!:! r l)" it!
:UH! !( !gi l'. BlIt " .. 1111114 as li,n:\I )' lli nn Y til IIIII"I"OW,
IH' I(, 011(' rOlln' pl, thnT ;1.llIllli e r , it (' :t11 11 01 hopt' t o IH' sl"i cill i li t:
Ilnl t 1" 01,;1. 111)" s hollid il.
2, A of rnuddl ed Ihinking
In piOTlC"nillJ.,: '1IIf IIIt11plwto.1!.1' IolI..-lntr ( I 1 r:lfIs . I
wltidl I skill llf idi), tk:- nibt, ill a 1110111l'1I 1, " Iall i ,n;r PIUPP CollI -
I'bill l'd tll :1I (':lIlin :11 \( 1 COIlI('IIII'III;II ), t o ,k:d wi th Ihe
li dl-;. - I :!!,' \,'('1 (" t:. il1ll'l )" nd fw( liq .. or I(Hllld, lists \" hi dl ill -
(' \' ilahl y O\ ' I'II:lp alld :lit' ill("\' itahl y OI' ('II , t' llIkd , 'I'll gi vt' oil ly 1\\\1 of
hi " 0:;\1111'''''' \\"1111111 :lIId VolkO\' ), WUlltlt tli \' i( lt-d li, lk-l:tks
ill t o : ( I ) laic - bilk .. , l '2) pllll' 1':l i l r- t-ti es, (Jl bi Cilogil":d
l a in :1l1d f.lhln, (-1 ) I'lIl t' ;\IIil 11;1 1 (";d I it-s , (:) I:d( .... , (Il)
jllkr , tal C' t:. ;11 1< 1 I:d dr .. , (7) 11If 1la i bI lk .. ,
1'1 01'1' l'(lil1l " oul, Ihe Il'I"lll .111M, ( whi t'h dl" slliil l'S :1 ICHIII:d
C lll"glll Y) n( "(" UI" Ii \'( , lilill's ill S(' \"l'1I Til t, I t'l"II1 jol. (-[(/ I,. i ..
IIII;\n' \ ' l'l :!1 ,lc sillf'(' Ih(" -':;1111(' LII (' be I l'I'alnl h et oicall y or
('ollli t; dl )" . NI1I i .. tht' dilk, rt l(' (' 111'1\" 1'1'11 1'"1(
1111, :lllci IWII"/'/ahlr.t , ic- ;I1 : ' I " \\' II;\{ W; I Y . ;UC. tJ u' "1'1 11(' f: IIJIt's" Ill/ I
"111111:11 " :11 11 1 7),
\ 't",lkm' fill d .. li lln' lI ' tll t' lIlt's' { l'rol'P ill 1' .'\;!Spt'laliulI OIll y
I t'll l,r lli f'lll J , For clali l Y 1 .. hall p il i tl IC' I l ilnitlllli,!" (' adl C ltl 'gol)'
10111(" li ghl, t il s llo w 1I II'It' i s 11 0 I'lillCipit- ;11 all III \ ' i tlko\'\
1,1/" "b" ul
( I) 1111"("'
('li till' hno fi,"1
1"1 tht' 11 .. 1'1'
( 1)
1:11 IIIIt 1 i :t 1,1 id,'
(Ii) t hl' 111 :, ;111' 11
(7) \111"(" pl.u("d IIl11 1n :1 ,,,1'11
/ ),/,,111/1/0/1,,
, hc' an;"o
Ihr cl.:l I:l1 t, ' 1 , 11' ;1 hl'l"
till' IIIUIlIIe'I 111
nile' 1111'1111' 111 nl" tilt' ;u' l ;oll
:llIndH'r 11 1t'1I1t' lIt ,,1'1111' ;11 li "l1
Ih(' I 1t , 1I :1I In nr a iWlnille
;1111 , 111,'1" I ""11 It ' ll I ill tIlt" aninI!
(1\ )
(9)
( Ill)
III t: II. 111:' 1 IlR Ie 17
tll C jlo ..scssur of a t alisman } a I)jle uflita l .a(' ICr ($;III1C) f a IHUIiI CIiI
the 1I(J .. or III01Ki (" uhjct:b ill ,iI(' anioll
all unfaithful \, ill- the (1i ;1I ;t\ Icr IIf:t "ife antl /ur .1 1110,
1IIC'II 1 ill the ;t rti"n.
Il ,,,' o ldd ill rae! be jlossil,l c 10 COII IJlClSC :l fol k' l;d c (' OIl lai llillg ,til
thcse clCII 1C IIlS. As P ropp says:
TIlt' I nu it i, atlll"U)' Illi II nl I,d," ,')'I, t ill \,lIi, II tllln: 1""llIn, I llt i ui
IUO(IIIC bridn fil l' 11 11' 111\, 1\-0 ( Ii llh t.lIC')(III )' )! Il"n " .. I till '
of a wilh Ihe "id of lid" lal i\ l1lall, I'II11i 311 Ihe IIl1 fa il ldul
wif',' ? Tin", III l' Kj Vl'I1 is 1101 ;a :o.inl lili, d ,l "i ' ;(' ,. li"" i ll tllr
.\ l' II \C n ftlll' \\ (In l , II i .. 1I11 .:r Illa ll :, (1111\ ("Il l i'"I,11 illd,'" , II H"
vaili c of whirll is t'x t ll' lIlri) III
Alld Propp gOl'S O il to mCllti o ll : \ ; II'IIt"S JIlII" u/ /-'"/A,'lul1J(j,
recog nisi ll g it s IIScfllltH.:ss ;IS illu ex, 11II 1 (I il ti ll sillliLlr
grolllHl s,
I II JJJ /Ilo / l' (( In d/oj(j ( 1!}( )(i ). Fo u c ault It an's Il l(' hi,lury (If
tit e Iclali olls liip h e l wec n bllgll;tgt' and n ';tiil)" alit! s it u" s ho\\ thi,
confused "';1)" of thinking 1II1d('f\\' f'llt :t ratiiC';d a t lit("
Rt'lia is ... :tII l"C.: , ill tht' SC\Tlll n' lIl!t U ' /lIIII)', h!tilh 1ll ,IIk
II lOtinll St: il'lHt' possible ( hut \\ hidl " a s (111)" \ ' ('1) 1IIIIIIhTd
by I he hut lla ll i li t.'s, wi lh comtan( I d .IJ'!ln}, : It ' 'i I IlI , I" ,I II )
Bmg('s, or a C hinese fll(" ), llupat'dia I It :l1 K;\" (' '\ Ih,' (.lIt:,
goti rs 1(lr ; \11 i11l;t! s: (a) Iho"i {' , I ti ll' 1-:111(1('1111 , ( 11 )
e lllb;lllll(' d (lIU'S, ((') Ihos t' t haI are tJaillcd, ' d ) :o u, \t' )
IIU' l"IlI ;lids , (I) f:dHllllll s (11ll'S, (g) !' tl .l ), dog " ( h I Ilt o\(' , !t ,1I .1Il"
illdudnl ill thi s r b ss ifi(' a li o ll, (i) Ihos r th ilt 11 ('\11 1. 1\' ;\S it lilt'), \' C lt'
ili ad, ti ) illllUtlHTabl l' Wit'S , ( k. ) tlt u St' tlla \\ 11 hi lll:t \' tl )' fill t,
hair tI ) otla'rs, ( Ill ) Ihose 111 .11 it ; I\t' ,I r1H \\l"I" \, 1\(',
( II ) (lIo:-' t ' tkll 1(' St' llIilk fl it'S 1'1 111 11 ;\ di :-. t ill lt" ' lit is III' i,
n lllli c:d t'xaggcr.ttillll, bUI II ", IIIt IIl.t! t OIl I\l \ilill it \ 1111-
lillu n \ fur ;, loug lilll(', and still l'xis !. .. , \ '\'(' 11 ill Ii 1.." ,II y n il il i.\ lIl ;
es pet' ia ll y i ll liler"r r n ili t: i slII .
For example, and IIHlfe t o III )' pllrposc ill lI li , hOlik, l',oJlP's
complaillt in 1!I'2H is ex al'l l )' th e S;I ; lI t' ;IS tit;" 1II ,1t! C- by Tn't' lall
T odoro" ill hi s book on t h e fanla s li t: 11 ;111'\ , \ .. lI i, 1I I
sha ll exalll;"t ' ill II10 re d l' l:lil ill (" haptn :L 11..' 1110 gins (' ;lIl i('l IIf
tilt' lIlt'S IUO I ): Dor ollt)' SC;Ullilltltlgll ( IJII,dt' lli ... , the
devil ;\1\(1 hi ... alli es, s llpn u ;llur ;t\ . lik); \ 'tI\ /.(,Jdt 1'11 .11110111\ ,
v: lllIpit t'S, \\,('!"c\\'o i vt: s , witches alld "i lt"iIlI : t1 , ill vi\ il llt- ;llIi -
ilia! Vax ( valllpi rl' s, P;lrl S or lite \tUtll:t1l hllti )" lilt' pa-
III ' l ilt; \(1:t\ 1. lilt: RIIEIURI C
l!lnJuRY or 111(' hllman pcr!'llllalilY, the intnpla )' or invisihle altd
VifOi hk, a li rr:l li oll:'O o r ra ll !';dit y, al1d tiltH', and fill a ll y rt:
(I he p an wil h the tI('\'il , 11\ (' :lIl g ui sil rd sOL d til:\(
re- qult n a (,<'II'lill ani on 10 fill d pc-:\ n', thl" spenll' d oolll ni to all
incolH'1 r ill a nd (,lIl1lrs:o; journe y I = a :o; pCt' il ir ins t ;u KC' of t h e runnerJ .
drath I'CT!li o ll ili(' " :l ppr:lring amoll R Ihe li vi ll g , til(' inddilla bl c ill -
'thi ng' Ihal hau lll s, \,;u11I>1rrs, the or
:1111101ll / :lUI011I:\10I1 t h a i ", "ddcllly CO II ICS 10 lili: . d \(, phalilOlll wo-
l11an scrilleli\"{:, a lld (kad l y, Ihe rOOfll , or !'Irc.:el e rased i"nll ll
:'i p :-HT, thr or l(' I )(' l ill 011 or 111111" ).
' lll(' <; (' arc- IllHc h 1II00 e lIluder n n il il'S Ih;1 1I Ihose ciled b y 1'1'01'1' ,
rl' t lI, rr rxllillil thl" 11I(,lIlal /':,bits, )\IaIlY overlap,
;lnd IlInl" i .. a ("o n("w:ioll ill Ie-vri s 0 1" ;lh,q ra nioll: s 'ljH'rll;llural I ii i.:
illdudn ' IllUdCIII gilo,, !. .. :\l HI lile- d evi l ;llld his allit's (S(' ;lrllol"llll,l; h );
a \ ';\llIpi, C C III he ;l ghm t (or a "halltolll , wh al n"("r Ih e di lli.: rclilT is
10 1,<'), a wrl"('\\"(111" is al it-asl ha lf :111 ;lllilila l s pec l rt',
ill Vi"illl<- hrillK" ("all i' h ludr ghosls and "lIanlolll" ( Pt'le/,oldt); pans
o f dl(' hlllll :l ll hotly ra il inrludc blood, i ,l' , \,:lI11pirC"S (Vax). jllst as
ti ll' p han tolll WII.Il:\1I s('( lu("li \'c a ud tlcadly C II I 1)(" a v:t III pi Il:
:;li ll llis, w h o<;1" li st is perh:tps the III OSI l'lIIpiri ca l :111(\
lIIatil.' ), "lid i ll V:-IX there- :u "l"o<loro\' Foill!." IHI I, ;\ curious shirt
fro lll i'lIa!\C'!I: to tlu' ;r ill the hlltllall p cr,I; ollalil y, And o f course
all s ll c h arc opC'n-ended, liIal is, (Jilt' cUlIld add .lIore llIolifs ;IS
0 11 1" fill d .. Ih l"lIl. '\ 11 c tllpi r i(" a l li s l of spl'ci[;(" I"t'atlll'l" s c.,lI ll nt b e.:
it'l lIl y :lh .. tr:l("f 10 C"t)\'('r :111 Ih c' pu .."jiJi litil"s (t:;,dl possihilil)'
Ilr ing Ih(,11 p(("lI piilird h y slH'<"ific II d oc's 11 0 1 ("tllls tnH' t a
thrnr y, "l"o<lorll\' hilllself, ill ("11;11'11'1" nIL Iht:tIH:S of Iht" blliaslic,
di\' id(" .. tllt't li IIIUC" IIUIIe.: silllpl y illin t\\" o gHlllpS: tlll"IIII' S o r the.: s(" lf
tt}'':",'1 ri ll 'jr') ;llld Ihelll e's of the Clt h (' , ( /h/mr,1 till 'I II' ) , e:H: h thell
lill kl"Ci annlll,r:.irnl(r wilh p ')Thtl: lIl<llysis; tl u' Ihl"lll("s til' l il t: st"if wil h
I' "ychosis, I" r 1"/"III t'S o f the olill"l" wi th 1II'ILIOs is, Thi s Ill ay 1/01 be
p" yt' ho:lIl:lI)"lil"all)" va lid, indeed sO.lIe wou ld say Ih;\l this linking is
IIl1l e ll t po :11 hitr:I !")" Bill il is (1 111 )' slt ggnln l b\("r, :, " :I II :l1I ;d"g),
frolll :111 01111."1" dist i plinc. aJia the IwCl gfOIlP!' II :,,',' ht'C' 1I " lI at ),sl"( l
liOlIl ;1 liter aty pllint of vi ew, AIHI III )' poilll !r IT(, is that th('
r x h ausl" 111(' II U',"c'liral pos"ihili li t'S: lill gllisl il"illI), !H'C:ltISI'
i /yoll :ll"(, ttlf' (lil l y IWo P!"OIl OIlIlS ra ll ghl lip ill all illlnpnsollal
1t"!:lIiomili p ( th(' thi t d 1"'1"'011 brillg tht: topi c ofdi srollrs(', sn: II. 'l :q;
alld IIre: II IS(' psyc hi c di s lllr h:tIllTs beloll g e ilh n
III p .. .. 01" til I he tllc' IlIo!"e (()I' lilal ( i ,e.
1II1Il ,t!tnll:lI ic) 1':111 IIf T odoro\' 's tl H"lIfy ill dlapllT :t
1111. KIIt,IUKIt:
3, A brief account of a .. o de nl theory and cl' iti c i s lH
Noll ilr all), I call1lol here give;. d e.: la ilcd I, islor}' , tIl' 1I1 1ll dl" ('\'("/")1111(',
h ili will silll pl y g i \' t" aLI oll tlilH', 1"II 111"1"nl l :ll illg 1111 tI. me I I i t il )\ \\ 11 11"' ("
lei ill S and l"UIII 'C' p tS I ", hall lH' mil1g
3,1, 'Ilu /{wHinll FUlIIlIIllIl, and /Iull utj"UI/(f
The fil st 1110111'1"11 lill"l"; t!"y Ihl"/II iSIS Ih e RII ,,,i, 11I
l'Il ry \\Inc all slill 1'llIpirie al {i ll th t" glllid tl) \\111
clflsd)' \\'illl literar), t l'xlS and 1101 1(1 Ihellli ", (' , 11 \"iI !,
I;n illS t ;UI("C \vhll l irs l l'x IHH, "dnl tiL!' 110\\ 1.\111111 ,11 11 11(11 )/1
(;tln.:;ul)" liHllld 1"111111 ),ull ic;dl y ill j\;11\ ;di , .. ,11111 lll lil"l 5) til di'l.tJlt i ug
(OJ /ltll/('llir ) III" o lrall gc lIll'lIl h O ' ll 1111' I.ltll ili:lt, ,ttl ,' x-
;lIl1plc from '1'111,, 10)". whll <Inc I ibl'S.1 tlll ';lIlt' a:. il il \\t"I call IIl1kllO\\ II
ohjec t. This di s lallcing, III wl.il" I ,"I all .dn \\i l h Iq.::llti III !it 11"111 C
fi ctioll (c hapter 'I ) , is a 11I ;lill !It. t1I ' lti l I' ill t i lt, cigh tt"t"lIlh , t l'II IIII Y
1011/(11/ /dll'lo Ill/,llI fj ll(, (otl r LUll ili:!r WII.hl \" i"\\'l'" hy n l ltt"!" III,tll ,l..!" '" III
(,'/II/WO' ) "J /(wth, II I It ll't'igll vi\illll:-O as ill 1\ 1" II II' '' llIi("o , \ " ll.tlll' ,
(;(JidSlllilh ),
' \ Ilot lt c!" Ihe dilh-tt'llt (' I ht" RtI "",1I1 FIJlIt I,d l", IS
establi shed bel wee n Ihc jabu/ll ( tlu' \) ;I)\ il 51", )" ) ;1 <1 JlIC ( II'
Irca t lllclll, or (/,I!,('/I((,III(III , till til
lilll C, viewpoilll, t ypt:s o l"di sellllise (' tl". J, E:\'11"j1l ill ' 1I lIJlIt.: "tin, \\1"
ra lel ), gel tht.: s:or )' hil I h :l\c 10 r('l"\oI, q, III ( il 1111'
di scou rse , Thi s disli lH.:liUIi has bcell III/Ill' !I ' U ' IIt1 ) (' xpltllli"t i .wd
iln:tI }"st: c1 iJy C el/ elll: (I IIl/eln Ihe 111 1IIII, / I/(' l d/1 (vUII
(SC(: JlP, :i:) U, . llI d (" II:,! >I I'I 11.. beluw 1; 11 ,klail "
The 0111 )' 11 1i1!'!" hlllll :li is t com' c' pi I ", 11,tl l ol l."illll,dl) "'I' I:. Ih.11
uf j;lI/clilJ1/, a tC1"1I1 ill\' (' lI lc<l lor 1I ;1" .. li\(, II)' 1'11 )1'1' \ 1'1"111' "
IlH: lhuti W:IS lilSI 10 dctCrl lli lle tI", (OIl "' (. IIII S alld tl u' \ ,1I1.lblt-)\, ,111.1
secondl y l u [ill d Ihe Illillill l;ti IInit tlw t l'Ii \I. III I\ U" , I "', itt
li ll g uistics, the pll() II CIJI C is t he 10i";III:d. i,e. di ' lilll"liq:, II l1 il ;11 Ih('
Sll llll d level, till" 1II01l'he ili c is till' I llillil ll ,d 111111 .11 tilt" k\"(' 1 Id
si glli fi(' " ncd,
I II I It I' Il)lk-Iak, Ihe v;\li:d,ln :11 ": , ht.: Itar :tt In:- , I It t.: ,11( '
Ill ci r anioll s til" .Iilll(/IUIII, Thlls ;\ king , ; \ 1.,liI("I, .111 "Id 111 ,111,
sun:l'lt.:f, Illay pCl lill' II1 lilt: idelllil:1I ;11 lilllt 01 gl\llIg Itl tilt" h("lll .111
cagle, a Iltl;II," lillg. \\' hilll ill 1/11 11 1)("1 11'1111 till'
"l.:liOlI of Ihc hl:llI t:hodlf"lL l it" 111111111111 \ !)/'(' II I
a u io ll ) is Iht:rdillt.: Ihe lIIi nilll al lIli it III lIt.: :1I 1,t!) ,'I'd ,
111 1111': Russi:w Itl lk,(;t!t.:s II c eX<t lllill t:d, P'Il!,1' lillllul tilill )"-\IIII:
'21J J IIr. Kt: ,\t. A;-'/I) Tilt: RIIEI"{)R,IC
rllllCliollS, in the order ir IInl all prescll t, alld
cClI;, i n .&.:IOIIP'" ;d\\';\)'.\ go toRrlhn: i,!jllTlf tiuTI {liot to go illto the
!( lICo;;( Ii ., ill"I;III((' ) is ill('\';!;11I1)' li lilowcd lI y (ot her wise
tl!!'\I' i .. 110 y). whi l Ii 11-:\(10., tht' givill14 away til' infor
In:u ioll ( i,,'nrn,I;nttnn/II!/iJllllolionj and the: i1l\0 a IraI' Viall"/
10 111,. villain's TIIiHlnd, whic h inst itutes ;t [aeA ( harv('st
sto!cn, .. kidll;\ppnl, (,IC), :ll whic h point lilt' It':ll Sl t.l!"y call
stan; m((lin/i(Jn ( lll i<;dn-d made knowl1 and hl:lp c;dlt-d fo r ), hero's
n(ff/J t(1f1ff, rI'f!rll/lllf, ((\1 by dOll or, hno\ 1f'{I(f/li1/ .... sli d li lli e),
,(((il'l mn.e/(f// 01l\1"1II}', (tam/'(lll II) plan' " I' sOllght,
IIf IH"It), 1' /((II1.\" , ,rlllII', IIII/ I/lil. If.lflil', (/I/i,,(// ill(II.I!,lIifo,/(//.I( 111'11/5
rlllilll, I f ll)" lI ,h,IU>rt, trl o"e/llIIOIl '!I IIno, "II/II11/r or \"l ll;lill ,
of hern ( ILI'\\" clothn, or tltnnlgh lite t ask hl: huilds a II!.tgic p;tbn:.
or i\ " \111111 "(', (' 11' ") , 1',/II;,1I1IIntl or \ "i ll:. ill, [('rddlll"1!. ( or olil('r r('ward )"
Tlti .. " ";IS :t 11(' llU'IHlflll" S I('P lill\\";u<! ill Ihc all;l1ysis or ""sic
:,,11\1l"ttlll', ;tlllt ll\lKh 1'1 111'1' i .. pa rtly ('mpirical : h is work is b;\wd
Oil Olle I" ludled }tlls"i an rolk -I .... lt-s, and tlt e dc I .... il s inside hi s (;lle-
Koril's I!;t lll rally Orlf'11 apply otT ly t o these" he .... dds ;1 Li s t
ftlll c lion (":1111"11 Y, for anytlting a s )TI IlnkllowlI, 1101 illio his
W \I)I h rl'lllilld .. II " a Ii til e o f Borgn's (((r/no }' " Nor do
hi s IhiIIY-lIllI' rllll c tions li""1Il a \ "CI )" i "t.:" S)" IlIIIH'llit":d alit!
sysII'llI;\lic, 1T1(111t-1. Ilowc \"('r il rrpr(' ""c IlI S, long 1H'l ilft.: JlllJdl'rll
a p l ilnili\"c llIude l, ill t il t.: St'IIS(" that gi\,l'1I
01" it call all tlte typt'S or folkt;t!c
that ""C' 1"IIII I" Iioll ", as ;\ It OI\,(,\"("I" simple, Clll
:llIlh(' I y pe" IlIud('lIed 1111 lil t.: phrasc.slructure
11I1e .. gi lI' ll III Ih;1\ 1.'01 iIlSi: III I"t', II OU II plll;l s l, ' " \"t"r h
:II 1I; I " i(" NP IhclI 1"(,\\"lill'"11 as ( ..... ) , lill" inslant.T,
(dl'lC' J"lIIilln ) I ( adjrt"li\"(") I 1101 111 ; .... 1It.! VP - .vnh /-11111111 phrtl sc.
"II I;". with Ih (" 111 ;\t' hlnl 1('1"111:" " .. oplioll ;.! , will quitt.: a few
01 frlllll ]ohll mlJ dunr III Ilu brfllllilili jail' Cl
Irnnrfwlflr trfrJn, hilt it \\" illlllll tlrr brnulUid to 1"( b(nc".
h(, (";'II "(, IHI lolr \I;t" 11("'" 11 i lllllldll("('<1 10 that a IJlt'l'usitiona l
1'111 {";11l 1(11111,," till" \"(,I"h ill Ilir vcd) 11ill asc" So Iht' p hr a s t'-
rllks Ill' lII od ilicd, alld a Il\/Jrc nllllpkx g r;IIllIII:tr
{"(lII"'1 lit Inl. ,\ gl'llt"l ;\Ii \ "<.' graTllll1;lr "lrould all IIT t.: gLITII-
al (;It"t cl' l;dlk ) of" a Ia ll gU: lgt.: all d 111 111 (' of Ihe
;1 " I II1;l, t i (":d ( 11 n :\1"1" 1" p I a 1 de)
dn"c"lllpnl thi" :\ " P(,("I
Sf' IIII"lIn's" Prn l'p's lale1" "'01 k
o r hi " Ii It''!r }' , hili ill ; l il islo\ il"al
'('11"1' lOlli' 1)"1'1' orstl ll CllllT ('vokillg ilLl(l olhns)"
1"111'1' \ ""yql' l11 \\:IS bier nili(: iscd Il y Iii " FI(,lIch
II ld ;dd y Bll'liLond for li S lill:tl islir posl ula te or
1 1
IlIcc halli t: al cilUsalit )' whi ch IIl:lkc:s il 10 opetl all ,dIn-
Ilali ve (t: "g" Ih e possihility I1 l"b ilillg), dll (" "'(i,,1 ill Illtlpp'!>
hIlt ha"\'c (111)" ;\ dda)"ill!-: I"oit-, Stl Ihal h e :\ s\ il1 lil:lll:\ Ih<"lll to
tbt' tripli c ltioll pIICIIOIII('T1011 ( lhnT hei lln, 11111) lilLI' III" wlltflll
lJr Ihree las ks , CIC")" Another of BICITh . lld 's I ('PI,I,I\ I S
Ihe lack or fr eedolll wilhin of fLlIll: lium: it :\I\\) 11" 1.i\ 1:'-J
(/!tUI!)'j go logt: lhcr, Ihe lllillilll ;d IIl1il is 11 0 lolt gn III(' !tll li lilll1 hut
the St."qlll'IKC of anioll s" Brt"1I111l1d dnTlops Iti , 11\\"1\ 1t1L1I1t IlItlre
:thSlr:t1"1 thcor), ( I!Jl ifi, hased till : lIIlI'liOl:llillll .11111 \\II'M"lting
of a " itll .... l itlll (and ;111 ti lt' ir \';11 jalll s alld illl(,11111 killg IH "\ il ,,htit"\ )
IlIIt w ill)(1I11 ctJn(,hor:llil1g lex IS. aud il l III }' \i ("\\ Il"Ilt.lillill "t..: .It 'Iii II
a !t-\"d Ofg(: ll("l";tii sillioll iltal il.\ \ "("')" IIl1 i \ n :-.; dily lilllil, ii , 11"ll i, 11 1.11
\l S(" to litl' (l1l\"iOIl S; a Illflll Id" I cd Ul"lllllli.r1l Ilt:11 h.L s Inl 1'1111"
strllC!lI r :lli s lII 10 ;111 illlll(l\U" l;reilll iis :2(13)
r cduCt:s Propp's Ihirly-ollC IUILCli' IIiS III 111111 ("In,! !!,", : '111111 . " "11
an c plaIlU:, III (' "\ ("IIl "('j. ti )\(,IH (' cd hefll , \ 1III1 II L1 L-
Ili c alioll ( pnsilivc/J1t"g:t li vl', I' "g" 1111' 11 )"\" (d" i IlI"OI IlI,lIil1l1, It ("I 11)'"
vigou r alld objec l a l tiL(' heginlling or a I.dt' tllIlIlIgll
fraud and llIi Mkc:d, ;lfC 1(1110\\"('( 1 liLt' slory 11)" \1"-;I('1l1i,iliUITj "
Lain (1:171): Ill' pr iltilllo hi s l al1 l'I1IS ':\\ 1:IIIIi ;d' IlLlldd, I hl'
aClall1 IH illg Ihe ;Lhslra\ "1 rule , sucb as ;Iddlt' ,, "\ !"f Ilf tt l ll"'l, I , t'\..,
1l1t"Ss agt'), ami i.H ldrcssn: ( Ihe hno ), lilt " 11111'11'" .Il t :tnd lit!' :ldj l "\ ;1111
( helper ); t h t.: actor liLt' s pt' t"i li c
woodc uttn's SUII, I:IC) , Ili s t1l n.:e- Jt- \"(", /L ;ulilti\"("
I In), which Ihough 111 I" ill ri pk ,ll i\"(" ,1111 1 ,ul,,"it-I. tI , l y
lIIorc sophist ir;llcd Ih:tll l 'rupl" s, is 1101 ( ;tIl Y IILIlI (' tll,lI\ 1IIII pp's,
which did 1101 ("b illL t tl Ill') a g l allllll, 11" III ;1 11)" ,II", 1'11(('11 1I1 11(1("1IL
sense SI IH"t: IlO explicit 1"1I!t-S arc 10 I',I !>S iT 'lIl\ IIILt In c! hI
il l LI It Il er. R
TIT(' Fill WCI(' IlIlIg IIllkllOWII II thl' \\' 1"\ 1, 11111 Ih(' il
work was lall :1" cUlL l inucd by tltt: PI "gll(' Scholll III S II \II I III ,dl\{\, III
\\"hit."11 ;11111.1:111 art' I'nl1:'II " d Ie III' ",{-
klluwJI t..'X pllll t.: 11 IS, as wrll as R e 1lt' \Vdlck \\ Ito, 110\\1" "1"1 , Liln
TlLtl vn l aW;I)" fllllli pU rt "qIU("IIII ;tii sill hi gt"l LCl,d htl"I,n ) 111('1,1) "
Tl tt"i r idea s rt"arlll"d 1I1l: p:11 tl )' titllJl] g h Iht' ," ",ill"
\Vdlck ;IIIc! ot ILl.: rs, p;nll)' vi:1 1\IIH",il";'" alld SI,IIHlill:l\i:1l1 "IHI"
tllrallillglli s tirs whic h had ;1I1\,;\lI(T\I ilLdt"]lt'lIdclltly,)1I Iht" \\Hlk IIr
III(" FIl"ll ch Slllli"ll1Jali\I ,, " I II }tIIS\ ;a , ;dll'l Iht' "1111' " WI"\..
("(1l1l illll l"ll 11 1111(" 1JI less "" lrt("lllilillw, l y \: \1111 \\"L)" , jlll ill t..:
Ihe Ihil tin, 110lailly \\"illl B.lklnill allti \ 'olll"\ h ill ll\" \ "\(T 1.111"1 J"
i\ll':lU\\"hi\t- lillgui sti c\ Itad \V'I)' 10 gr l ll"I.lli\"!'
1llOdcls : lullllsky lit\' ]lfilll"ipll''' III \\hilh ill IIIIIL iltlllll"luni
Til f , R 1::\ I. AN D ' III E R il E I (lIt 1(:
FrC'l1 c h :'IIl d ullin S lrll c tu r:l li s(s (c.g. Toliorov 1970e, 19 75,
Z UlIllhor Thrs(' lill glli"l ic mod els Ihc lJl sr k es SOOIl h :ld
I n i ll c"(l lp.fr;ll c rnics ;IIHI IWI al llc know II ;'I S Ir ;\lls-
lilll1l ;llillll:t1 rI "(I.) , The PlIrt' Jy gr:l lll -
1Il ;'l lical , ;'I h slrat" 1 :lilt! 1I1I ; \ ' CIS, l1 is l a s"u tllpli llllS o r (:IHlIllsky wnc
birr (o r r ;"bfT widelled) !I v se lllaut iC'>,
p sydwlillgui s til".'" and Slit ioiillglli sli cs , w hi le SIJ"lI l' tllr ;t\i s1l1 it se lf" de-
v("I41p(' <I illto S('I liioli r .. , wit h ,,, u("h ;'I proi"t1sioll o r mt/d eb, bascd
SfJ llI(' lilll(,S 011 li n g u is ti c,,". "oll le lill l("." 1111 t ypes o j" logic or o lher
di sc ipiil1(,<;, til :lt it \'"IHdd h e Ll qi tii ol l S, allti f"or t h c IIc-
g llll Hf" , 10 go ill t o rl lllhn d el: lil here, r-. l c:lllwiti lc a14;l ill. t he pllrel),
litrr:u y IIIII \"(,III(,lIls nr II\(' 11('\" crili("ism had cl C\TloJlcd ill England
:l ilt! 1\111(' 1 it" :l hCI\\"("f'1l I h t" t well l ics :llltl lilr l it"s, wilh th e ITanioli
:lg;li,, <;( it hy II", (:hic:lgll St"lllHtI or rll('l or ic, ("( Hlllln-reacliolls ;Illd
Icl i llrr llrrrt<:. , ' l' l,c lod;\y is thus c:'( l n' lI wly cOII II,lex ,
3,:1, .. t" (lI/'lI/fil 10 rlmib' [It" l;fllllllOlI
II llIa y l ie' lI<; crlll he rc 10 n'l' :lfl ROIll :II \ J ;l kohstl ll 'S di;lgralll tl f"
, ' fJlI lI lIlIllicl lioll /\ 11 (Oll llllllllicalilllt , h e t('lls li S, it;I S six
("<;"(' lIl i;1I th e addres<;n, the :lddl('s,,"cr, t he 11Iessay,e, :l l"Ollt t'xt
(Ilr \\ h:t l Iht, IlIn<;;)!-!,e (rf{-r,,, tn), a physi c al Cflllian ( p;IrChl\\t' III ,
p:q:!"r. <;() ulld,w;I\'('s, ;lod of f our.<: c d ie <; j ,go,<; used, ill tlic ir
plll1lI(.: l ic IIr 1"01"11 1). :llld a ("odl' , Ali SYS It"III S Ifr Ctlll lllllllll-
(";lt ioll, illduliillg bllgll;lgC, ("onsist of" si x rlirH' t iorlS (I'J w!r ich Uf r -
(<"'p"lld 10 t1I CSC six :l"l'cns,
( :(}NTEXT
1"."."('" I)
.. ,..1E:-;SM;I,:---- .. AIJI)ItESSEE
( \1,h lnl " ' (" t) (1)(>(' 1'" I) (I ,,"al i,"!" I)
I
( :()N r A( :T
(l' h;\llt I )
' I It I'. I< II I (lll II:
Thll s , ill \;\IlglI ;lgl', lit e s ul,jn: t in' hllillioll illiituin 11 1., 1-
persoll prollouns , llI od;, ls ('x pH,: !-.s illg doull!, (TI tailll)"
III/III, Ird, ("I", I II(" pn!iJlII1;l1i\"1" ( c ,g , I .1 11 .1 ullin dlu, " '
litlu; n' y sl H't"l"h ;ll" ls ( AII.<;l ill I!H>'2 ), ;flul (" 1'I1 .l ill Ih,ll is,
('c n ;l ill ad vt"lbia ls a lld ICII S("s I ltal t 11 ,\fl g!' wl ll" lI ,)IlC II ti ll I
OIlC 'S O WII prO(' 1I1 iIlSI;IIIt"l: or di s l ' lJlllSC ttl 1I " ItJl il" t1, illljlC"l :\ IJl I,d
lI ar r;ni \'c (c ,g, I"I[ wuA, 111".\ 1 .Ifill, hn', 1II 111/' I ()IIII/, 1.1111, t' l e.
bccolllC" I hlll til!)" I lrt / 1It"l'IIIlO /11((1.., fl, rt/II IIl(n, IIr"t, /II thllt /01U1/ , h .. It '/II ,
c..:..\ c.); illdeed Ihl' hi s ttni;1 1I cannot li se ' I ' III' IIIf' pl nt' 1I1 I(' n"" \\i llllllil
passi ll g illto h is PICSt"l l1 illSl;IIICC ( lkll\"I"lIiq" ' 1"I f('
nJila ti v(' I"lIl1ni o ll illi"lllcl l's the SC("IJllri-PI' ISOIl 111 111101111'>, I/II.d ,l b , tht"
ill ll)I'I":lli\'c, lilt: VIlCll i \'(', lil1l1IS :11It! 111l' :- ll i lll"l " I ..
!"act Ih is ' {you I ('i;r lioll IS whal is II tlW fa!lnl 1t",IIIIII' S',
I/yo u h ci ng III CXl l iclhl )" ill vll k n l wil h OIlt' ;\l lill lit" 1 ( III(" I hnllilli li g
)"/111 \v h t' ll Il lis .rOil sp c; , ks 10 hi s I ) ill :t l'("I s lIlI,1I I \\ hi! It
('xt" h H\cs I h (" Ih i l t! ( lwi" lwj il / ilwy ), \\hit II III,') 11 111 n("ll III'
prCS i"l ll, IJllt;r 1I11' \t' lopi( ;aud ill Ih i" "1"11"1" a
( lkll vt" lI is lc.: (" 1. , II'II I S IH Tit!' Idl"Jl"Illi;d 111111 lillll 1I 11 1t1 d n
thc Iliil(l Ilt: rsoll I'rtI IlUII II S, ; 11111 ;111 tlt-d,1I ;11 i \"(" SI' III I"II ' I".' , ' I he ph.l l l \
1"IIII I"I iuII 11It"lIHIt-S ;tli Ih e \\e S; t y 10 p ' jldol(" ti ll:
t:olttan ( (' , g , 1t,I/o Oil Iii :' Icit-phllllt' , ;IIHI 11\1' I'0lilt' 11\ Ilil' lIdl y
(xc.: h a ll gcs s\Jch as ('Ie ), TI. l" Jill\( I HIII ill '
r ludes \\"e S;IY \\"1.1' 11 we \: ,1' \\IIHh ,tllI'lIl \\llId" ;" IHI
iml ;llI cc ill nitici s lI] , or ill lillgu istio, hili \\"h l' lI \\(" 1.'1'1. 1111
i ll 0 11 11"1" 1,'IIilS or qll n )' wba t It;! " h("1'I1 111(";1111 . :\11( 1, 1. ,,1 Ifill li lt!
leas t , thc p oclic IlIlI Cl ioll il lt.:IIHl n C\"t"r}' lhill g Ih ,1I dC; I I\ ,' ,11I1 ' ''li .. " tl)
the fi ll' llI or Ihc SIP II ;\ S " 'lfld ' pb y . . dlil l'l :' 11 11 11 ,
rh yn lc, dlrt/lI l1 , ITl'l t ili(J lt , li gl ll (,S Ilt" ,\)" 11 1."" "c, , I:' ill p Dt' II }' , hili
., Iso i ll u rd i llar y spccc h a nd ill s llll-::111s (J.lkubsOll 's cx .lIll plc li le
c1l' Clio ll slugan Ili!"t /1..(, ), Thi s is Ol"tl"ll 1] 0\\' Lalkd th e 1'/('111111" "f till':

The pocli c j"UIIClioll ki d ;dlt' ;Id )' 1"'("11 delillCt! 1111 11 1" i ..
jako \)soll's f; \I\l ll Il S di visio ll Ifl't\\"cclI til e alld tli e 1'.11 .1-
diglll"ti c a xes or Iallgll;IgC 1 .. ll1gllagc I" "jllll"l 0 11
(o",b,llllli",t oj" dC Il](' II1 S ill jlfl'sc ll n ; (seque ll cc "I SUUI H\<; , III' \\Il l d s, "r
'S(:II I I" II( "("S), 11i;\1 is Itl ("u lil ig llil )" {l Ilt" ')' IIt:J ,L:III,ll il ,1.'11'): HI HII
the ,I,.{rrlillll or d\"l II I' ill S t"I0 1t1 tilt" Ifl :\lI u wh, \\l lId"
se nl c ll ces), tit", is Itl sa y, ( liIl" p;IJ,uliglll,lt ic :I",i q ,
tlieurr is t be rt"Sull o r 11 11 1)'1"' " 01 ;'Idl:l "i,I, " hi , Ii 1.11 1 11f1' 1
two 111 :1ill groups: ;Ipl!;\ "irs \\" ith pa', td ig 'll ;lli c di ,' l lItll,lIhl" wi ll
only t hc link " 'Imls, o r ;' SStll:i;,I C (11 1)' by (lUtllp \\l nd d
: I
.1
. ,
I
!
21
[III. KI: AI. ,,:-;[) litE K JlEI (Ji(IC
Inbl( or aili,,!! ). whilc- :'pha"ics wi lli di slUrb;\Ul' C willlo:ic
liI(' lillk w(l'rd c; ;111( 1 ,,!"II/huT ;\ sort or ;\1\(\
IIIII\' 11\' snil'il itllli,ltl l /lll1l1' ",wild gi\'e' 11111/1 1/ ) . TI lC' sr t wo axes ;lI e
a l till" 1IIt'IIIl it ' ;11 lev t'! , ill IIWItIIl )' III Y Ht "YII('I 'dnl"lll' (1'011.
li g,ui I Y. i .I' , p :III \\hnk, 1II:t1t' li :t\ lelf o lder! (' IL) ;111(\ 1I1C.: t :lphnr
(slIhqillil iu li j. N,\tl ll :l ll y bllth ;1.Xf' S ;lI e always IlIt'SClIt , slu ce it is
illll'0,c; ihk to suilqilllLC" w ilhll ilt ;\ cOlll cx t ot' cOllti guity (e .g. tallll!
(";l IlIl O\ 1l lf'; U l m (l (l7/ w ithollt :"1I 1l\ C SOI l Of .C;Y ll t; \ X ) , \\' hilt: 1' \ ' ('11 the Ill ost
sYll t :\.I.! l1lati t fOI IlI e; wi ll ("o nta in al k;l'.;; t II .. :HI tllI ' ;tphllr.-; ;llId suh
c;lillllilll'<; IIr \ :III;1.lioll. ('xP:l.Il SiOIi . "It ', ThClt' j.: ;,] "n:1 \ ' t: r 1' c lose link
111'1 \\" " ' 11 Ihi" Ih"IIl )' ; 111<1 Ihl' or tl1 (> UIIl Hll sci oll S
!"O!!lIul:!lnl !I\' hl'lul . dn"; I It IS :111d 1: 1111 ;\,; 111.11; 1' di o; nlll l <;1" rlllll"l;OIl-
,";1111' 1 II \' (i ; " I'\;t (TIIII '11 1 ( me ton y m y) (II' l ly s ubq ilUl iWI (l1I('t -
:lpll"l. Ifl till" 1':11111111" Ftnld;; 111 (' SYIIl IHd,,') , tl leol Y 1i:1<; had
"111 1111 11111" 1"III1I'I H("' :111\11 skill H"IIIIII t il It illl'haptl'J 1:' , 1,,1{ hn e' I
!lilly \\ .llI t III Icc dl "I:lkllh<; lIl1 's dclillil ioll Ilf the p o Ct ;l" fUllclion a s
pl!l,in Illig 1111" )ltillcipk or ("q\li"alcll(' (" flllll! Ihe p:II';ldiglllalic
till t il till" sYlllaglll:II; C :IX;" "
"i x -fIlIl Clioll IIlOfIt-I h a s 111'1'11 n i lil io:r d, lIolahl y by
Il;dl icl :IY \\110 proposes tlll tT IUllnioll s olll y,
illlIIlITI:lllt IlIr IIH'. he i""; ,, t" t h:\{ hi s tiltCC i'tlll c ti ll ll S :IIT sillllll -
1:111"011 " " 0111'1;111\,(,. .J:tknh"IIII, :dlli ll llgh hi " Ihnny :dh ,\\'s
Ii 11' Silllllil:lIl1'il\' alld .dl!J(lu gh h r s p' Ti li c al1 y l'wltTd!' s a ll O\Tr\ : '1) , ill
nitil":d Irg ;!I' d<; IhcllI :I!> :dlc" flal in' o; , III ;11'111'111, o ll l y til('
p llt" ti t' 1'11111 ti ll ll i<; npcr: lli \'{" , alld If wi j " \\ !tal II(' ;111 :d y sn (scc :dsu
F o\\' lt'l ,\ II 'X I ('illlt'f I'ol' lil' II I' II'I\-It' lIli :li , " II II\'(' \ lill
inq:llln" wou ld for hilll he rdi'rcllti:d, t hat is , it n ' li-I s In: \ d l' snihnl
Wll lld ,
\\' e Ilia ), 111 Lin Ihal <lilrcll'lit sc h ools IIrlilnary n iti ci slII !. ;I\t.:
KOliC' Illlllld :lnd 1 111111(1 Ih:lt diaglallt " Tr.lliili ll llal (plf " tw(' ntic''' j
(rill' i<;C1l (01\ 1 ('l\ lr:1I1"{ 1 I II' Ihe ;)dcll c s"c l' ( I itl' ./;111(( 1011 ) t" ;l t
i", (Ill IIII' :lilt III II chi s lire, hi .<; "iew or IIII' wOlld, hi s
i"lellt ;lIl\ c;j and 11 11 tile" I' olll, ' xl or Ih:11 is , the world
It"PT" "'""lnl ( t h :lI :lcll'r ... ,IH"llIn, reali s ti c ;u hit'\t ' IIII"lIt el c),
' 11,," !'In\" l'Iil i" i o; lII . ;lIld par ;dkl III ii, th .. EIII0I' I'; 11I nilil'i " llI
f'T 1I ;1\ 1:lIill"-: 1'1 111" Ihe PI !' c h o lll and IIll i lll :llt"i y hUllt the
l-'I'III\,11iq <;, leil ' l ll'd 1IIIIh Ib .... ( and ('olln'11I I ,l lnl ',\'hu ll y ou li n'
I'lwlil' 1111\(Iioll, the It' xl : 'qlll ClIIll" ;\11( 1 ' In, IIIH,' lill the (.!ili,,, s.
i llln y. pal;ldox . 1I It' !;'1 t!u 1\ " , ' 1,, ; Inr
I ii" ,01l11I1C'III:11 scholll. Tl li" to IiiI' t" .'< Jll il'i l t .'\ r\lI si(l1i ufall 1"<"I ('l"l'lIn:s
III ' li lt' WillI..!' ur 10 liI (" 'rt': 1i :tl/thol'. I. ,\. l{ic!J:llds ( I !I',H)
I lIE Nil E I (I }{ 1( :
.>,
_ ..
was perhaps the prilll !' 1I 1(J\Tr \\';I!t h is disl;IIt ' t illll 1a:1\\Ct'1\ '("11 1111;\'1: '
lallgtlagt: l p"{' (r y) ;\11(1 'slit' ntilit" bllgll.I."-: C ( thl" I I"S t ) , !I If' pUlpll \!, IIr
j1cu': ll' y 11111 Iwing 10 Idill u' 'Itli lh' :tI' :1I1t 11 11" \ \ Illd, I'l li'll) 1. ;111 jh
11 \\' 11 IIUth. ' t\ p n t'lll 11 111 11I1' ;I1 I/ hllt he '. :-. .Ii d ]\ I.ult" h 1. 111"1 . II
1I1:t )' 1)(: 11 0 11'1 1 tlt :l! tlli s kind 0 1" 1\\ 0 I llItll ;\ ' ,11 .1.; , 1111'111 i s ex.1I II ) till'
S: IIII t.: as Ih.11 usnl II )' 1('li g illll , n pn i.tll) ill II, 11II1 t' II T II III I . II IIII}
t:r is is Wlt t' ll ;\lId o lll n St iCllil i r di st'll\'l'lic'" I nc' .d n l ! iL.11
nc"at;otl Itad lIot taknl pbet.: ill 10UI tllo,,\.l lId IIdd li t: ,I lid 11..11
1\ (1;1111 ;1111 1 E\T "'('Ie 11 111 '1;\(' I,dl ),' 111l' 1111111.111 ' 1111 C. l l lh .. \lld
Olitl'!' I{digi tl ll h:ls il s tn,1I Ir\ll h . No dOldll , I nll II I' a l i ll k
odd III li ll d c lialllpioli s .d l hH'lf ), :1dUII : Ih i, I t ,1 1I n , i ll ll.lI) .l l g IIIIWfl l "
tlIII S in ; I St'II SI' p UI' II )" ill s l ;1" Idi g l!! 11 "' .1 ' '\\I. ll..nl l'l l' i ll
r cblillll IIJ Ih t' alJsnitll c 1 11'1 i <:I ' IIt:11 h.ld pln,llkd. Bill 111"1\" '\t' "'111 h
;IIC:V;I;II>I ), 1111 til(" lo ng ;Ji ,olll 11111 ' 11 y . 1' ' I;n ' , \\ 1111 It ,I.!. " n ,.I I
tlt t.: W; I )' !t; t .. k Itl Ilb ln. ;tud rather 11t.11I d igll ' '''', J JI.dn III Inll , 1I11
wit h dll' lit'\\' nilil' i:-' J1I ' s fitll1 n.t Ill S;!)" III IlIlI h tilt' .l1I111!!1 .lIld Iii,
' intt'lItiulI!'. and or:e1l '1llItldi lr til' v.llitl Idl"ll'llll" lu t in" \ \Ulld .
Il u\\TvtT till' II (W n il ili \ 1I1 : .1' 11 I"inlt't\ till' :\l l d"'''I'(', til 11'.lIin ,
Ri t: hards 11; 1(\ ;11 fi l st incilldl'd h i lll : 11 it i, /" 11( /1( 111 (1 . 11 0 1/11
\\"illl d :I SSIIIOIII 11' :l l' lillll " til \,U('III' , 11111 tll1:-' \ \ . \\ .1 d id. 1I II< ,' .' 1'1'11"
I1ICllt, I I II' ill1l'li (,; lIillll Iwi ng thai enl ail1 1(' ; \1 li . lI1\ \\ ne .d H" II.lIl1 . B )
lht: lalt.: Ii. nli n \\' illl.\. 11I .11111 BI' ," ,I, l q Iud 1" lhh, l lni
thei l IIl1tlll iUli s PltlIIOlltU' ''IlIl' III S t 1) tl \l 1I 1"IIIillll.d 1.111.1.) '_
( tilt.: ;\lIthor' s illlt lItillll .. ) : 11 11 1 (:l ) t h e ': dl nli\(" l.d1.l q ' ( Iht' 11"; 1.11"\\
reac ti o ll ) . ill 1\\' " C'Ssa p wi lh IIIH .. " lill n ( i ll ., h, "1111, \\' ''11 ' ,111
I !J:) I ), ( :,iti c i:-' III Ie : IS 1 .1,\\ ' 11:111111."-: lillll' 11 1 1('tIl\n ,
' I' hl' Illagllt' :-' I htllli. :l lId l.tln Ihc' S t l III 1111 i1 li'l s. :.hll' 11111 1' 1111 ,11t'd
011 tli e p"Clit ' 1'11111'1 ion, III' w hal il I.dkd Ihe li ln.lllI )' Id ti ll' tl' .'I.
what 1II;lkC'S ;1 liltTal), :\I1d 11 11 1 IIc d ill .ll ) la fl K"ag .. . III till' (' M!":-' IIIII
(If subjc' ni ,, (' :11111 r d i' ITll lial rllll,l illll" . ' II IC ), .11\11 hlllllgltl ill tlH:
phali!: hlllnilJlI, 1101 l's l'li cil l y :t .. It, 11111 Ihroll g h till" 1111 1\ [.1111
distil1 c tioll til t")' 111:11... (' ( w ll i dl dni \' .", rllllll !'l ,II' '' III (, ' , 11I 1.",ui ' l ic\
( J!..I I :I ); ,hi,t! editiol1 11(, t\\' I' t ' li the 1I}.:I11/" I ( l \ i,l.!.lIilin ) ,II HI Ihl'
Jig" ifii T"t: s igllifier;s I!l t.: :-. i/.;II ill i t s p ll ) ., il .tI ( p". IIII ' l il "'
graphi c) sll :'1>t" , and Ih .. si,l.!.lI i linl i\. 11111 ti ll" II l lj n I il Iqll l"l"Il "
( w hi .. h i s til t.: 1t'f'n("\lI ) 11111 Ihl' (' olln"\,1 ('\' lIk n l ill 11111' IIlilld It ) ti ll '
word (or St:l1lf ll (T , IH I n : l) . " II 'X I tl l ;l1 \,I. I Y' \ \ ill! I \ PH,L: I.lph y, 1111
iIl SI:lIl ( I" ( il :li ;( s. I :'pil.d:-. . l i tl t' " , "ap .. d p<I .. II 1\ ,,1... " 111.1' 1' " j li t" 111 ' 1 I
Ilr l ) r JaIl "1' l lInll ;I" III' ,\pull ill:!i! ...... tI. ( : . 111 1011 \ 111'111\1'" 1,111 ) ,
is pa r li t.:l darl ), s lI .... c .. p lihlc: til :1Il ;\ I) .\ is III Ih(' ,1\ ,iiI' I I II 11 It '
s trips , wi lh llic' ir hug,' CXd:IlI1i1l illll .1I.lI b ,
lilt: REAl. ANIl 'IIIE RilE' , tliue
c;\pit :di.wd !i ound-wortls and other conventi oll s , or publicily lina ges .
SII IH '''I":lIi<l11 1I1)\\"('"\' ('r, lal c (" 10 Iq' illg- b;lek the suhjec tive
:\1((1 ("o ll ,lli,!" 11l 1I C" lillll!i (;w th/JI' alld n:ldn l. IlIll IIld y indi1t't"liy , as
Il wy :11 1' ill till' Ic .'(1 t1lr oll .,-:h Iht' intnpn slllI;d rC ;\lIlII' S
ahO\" ' , ill Il l(' IiiI'll I o f liI (' l)('t\\"('(.: 11 i ' /lOIIf' i- ( lilt'
o r 'ohj(""c lin: ' Slatell\C1It, c ,g, lil t' (I!{jft' -/ I(j l IJ 011 lIlt'
{t/hI,.) ;\11<1 / flnnrinlinrl sllj,.inli\"c1 r lIl;u!i. ('d Hitn:lllrr, t" .L: .
I ltlill/?Itt / l 1I11'pnlf'll / 1 fril l I (JIlT/li l lI/lit' tht: ("(llkc -pol was 1111 !lit"
(;Ihk/ th,. I'nl k" ' p"1 .""IIIt'd t o bt: 0 11 Iltl' t;\bll-, ( I C, ) . I
I('I LIIII If) diqillClitJlI ill c h ;l pt cr B.
IIolalll )" SOIl1(' gr ;lIlIlI lanalls
,,!to 111111 Ih('ir :l tl('I\lI OI1 10 pll('tr y ( l-"o\\' ln, Rtlwct , (;11 (; 1"011 ;1IIt!
"lh("l s) t"flilid I1IOI("(I'"Cr hI' s ilid to lakC' thc IIwtalilLg ll is tic fUl\ctiou III'
a 11''(1 illio :1("('011111 to Iht: we II SC' III
\ ;dkin,-: ,dHIUI Ih("" \C' :,( I ) , III tilt' tIT;'1 Ihl' \" ,,,i"lIs III
.li:r:t tlllll :lr IIH'), III PO"III S 11\;\ )' Iw 11' .'-:"1"<11"1 1 as pm'lry's
rllll Cli oll or ti ll' \\';1)" ;). PO('III is (l 1.\ /J :tl ltHI I
alld il " pOI(",lItial (j ll .q a s Ih(' ' sl'lf' rdlc:'(i" t: ' 1I0Vel i s also abolll
11:111 ;UIq' trchnique) , Il owr\"CI' thi s is r:lrf"l )' !ita l C'd C'xpl ic it ly , alLd
i ll :\11)' (';1(C' It) IH" II C:-tll'(\ t' .'(el usivel y, ill iso bti ll lL 1"111111 o t h er
1'11111'111111,\. Sinn' ;111<1 ill a 1' ;11 aiII-I 11111 di stillci 1110 \" (' -
IIlt' lLt ill :\1111"111";, :IIHI r1",'wh('lI' , 11Itll!nll tl l(,OI )" h :I " I HT lIl:lldl illg
Ilil I'll \ :tllOIl ,\ ('oIlITllt r .1lill ll ':.
1IlI!"l cq illl.!Iy , Ihi s 11"1'1'(' 111:<1 "lostl y ill ' \1111 l i!"a , w llt' ll' lillT;II Y
tllI'OIY, ; 1" (-'('1111:111 poinl s ollt ( IQ7Hl, i s 111111("
1f'!: III 'd III 1".L:i c al1d p il illl"ollhy tklll it h:\ <; IW("II ill Ellro[ll', wh ose
1111>11/ ' 111 1111' 101 il" ClIllC (lilt or j"Dnn;di slll :Llld SIIIl I" !III;ll i st lillgui .<; li cs
:I S ;t or III t\lI1nlC;t, ;Illd olll y 10 a ("crt:!i"
/''' \1"11 1 i ll ElLlllpr Kr is t/'viI , :lilt!, ill a dilJ(- I" l'llt W;L }" 1-: 1' 11 ) , Ihl'
11:l( l llioll IIlIt or Iltt: \\' \llk or Clt:Ir\I"S S . PinTt' ,
dcl i u i lillli IIr Ih(' IS ;I S 141110\\'s: ' Tlr t: sigll or 1(111( .1(11/11 11/ 01 is
1\ 11 ;\ 1 1('1' 1:\(' ('(, f il l" !iOI\I C' oll C', SOI11Ctltilig 111 a l"('rLli" ;ISpt'("\ o r plls i -
IlIlIl. II ;\ddn' s'wd tn SOII\C'11I1(', Ihat i ... , il ("1"(':11(':\ ill tht: lI1i"d o f"
Ihal P(' I " IIII ; 111 ,,/uII'n/ rII' sign , or pt'lil:ll' s ;, II;l1dy dl'\"t"ioJlI'tI
( I !V):,. ! I!I ) .
I'il"ll (' ;dl l"T-s tltt' ddi llil ioll 01" lilt" Sl g ll ( l!"ItTl'lIt ,
;11111 The ICkH' lt1 lit' li S objel I , Ihe s igllifin
I "\ ,, t'\' hn C' j i, 'ol1i l" il )" , :tilt! the s ig ll i li t"tl Itt ' illtll IWII , IlW; III -
Iltl: ,ifill 1II II"1I'IC' '''',I : ' Tlt al 1; )1' wltidl [Ilt l" si .t!.111 St:IIL1\ S i s c:t!kd ils
tt"{I'I / , Ih;,1 I\hi c lt i l ( 1I1t\'I' Y" , il s TIIf'f1l1ill.e; :lIId th(' i'.k" Itl which il
Rn, .. " '(, 1I ( II l lol' fflfllll ( Collt'fit'd /'11/'(11 I , l!H;t1 , II. 171), Tilt: si g n
111 1-, Kllt, l tlf(tC
lIlust bt: in lnprct cd ill urdl'r lu exi s t , and lit e illlt"fI'II ' I;t titJlI I!'> 11 11 1,1
IIIcalltng hilt another sigll, whi c h is III 111111 1111(' 1'1 111.:/("11 iUlo :\11111"('1
sign and so 1111. Thi s 1' 0111"1'1'1 \\' ill Ila \, (' illlpllll:l lIl I
AI allY lal t: IIi e t' xl"ilLs i , ' (: n il IILll' [ , IILI '11111
wcre qtLt ' s liolll"<i . Th:!1 0 11 ti lt' p e, [",il' I"LIIII l ic) 1I clnl y h,,, Ln it. ...
IlIrn h cc lI d ell o lllln:: d ( ' .g , h lill ("l", ' TIll' ohjl"t"li\T I.tll.l\ IIl 71J , [IlLI
a l.m ;I S Iltt' 'illll"lIl i o l1al' ,Ind ':t ll (' ( LI\"t" \\ 1'11',
alld th cst: t!t CII ISc! \"CS 11 ; 1\ '<: IIOW 111"1"11 IlI tlnglll 1>:11 k 111111.111.1\ it". ... ,L\
al t" ( lI irsc lt 1!)G7 , S(" ;1I1t: ;lIId Jill" til(' . 1111\ 101 \ 1111 1' 1111< ,11',
alld Fi sh and s incc. IlIllst IICIll"i L; 'lIti y [ur .t lt-e I I\"(: ,' ) .
As Roger Fo wln (I!J 7!J ) p i ll S II ;
Although rqw:tt('d1 r h)" an II H li. i, l ll' :lIld C I 1114 '1' 1,01 1. \111 1\ 1'
r:lllac ifs alt' s lilllCiLl, :-t l s nl ill thl" dlJlllln,nll u \ c,d II I 1' . 111,; 1.,/1.1 ,11 11 1
All iel i ( a. 'I ' h e')' ; 1 IT 1":lllal' il 'll' I H'I' aU' I' all " U I \I" . III, I U : ll!' \ I . c ' t il ,L I WI \ , ,It . :11111
:111)' I Cl' l' i \, cd hy:\ 1'("1 \on ' OIIlC' d l t"! I UC! dl ; 1I illd I \ " l ll ,t1 , 1"' !c ,1 \ ' ''1 11
III" st;\lc' . , II t ' providecl \'1 11t III 1111" ' " It i, Ii 111 1"1 I
l liese: parl ic' ular lillk.\ b C'( \ q"l'1I h 'ld ; \lld Ii 1'1". T .. 11 1" 11 ) ' l!t n c' Ii 11 10., ' ."1" 111 ' I .. 111" , ..
dclllLllltllli z l' tli e vel r !t' xt s wlt i" h Ihe n iii, Sl billl 11,\\, (" ,I 1,,[ ' IKn ill . ,Ill' ,. t"1
IHIIIlal1ilY, ( p o 9 )
o f Cln ll .<;t II \l C' , I Jl II il d un, I\ul 1:11 ,. 111141 ,I I C I> tI II I tilt,
111 :lIle' h y literar y III I I( S B!I!J 11t ill'l " I"t"1I
a c illal allthor and i"ljllinl autlLlIl ( BllIllll , " IT p . ht ' I I' ) , "I , " 1111111
a narrati v(" br \wt ' clI 11:t lralor :lilt! 11 ;111,11("(', i ,t' 1111" IiI l i clII , tI n n lli n
IIs t t: lL s ibl )' ("lIIitt i ll g and lil t" 0" ' ''' , ' .'-:1 ' Y ' I Il t I( j ,, !II
Ulll y say tlt :l t Ih t: b o t , kllClWIl allt' lI l !,1 ICI hi i III-: 11 lL" ,11 11L ,t1 ,llldl"l
bar k is ill 11u. J'I/'// a /ll ll 0/ /'''(/ 11' I/Il d I'ur/I O \
197:' ) , :l 11(1, Il\ Or t : ;ulliliglloml y, E. I ), ( 1'111 7" ,,1111 IIL1"lt"l y
harks ba c k to tlt e ;lIltllur' s ilLt e nlil lll ' , !l ilt q ll il l' ,Ul11 1il l i ll g i l 111I 1
talking of" th e ;wt lt o,- 's '\\ill' ( :-" ' t: :-:lil l' illl.111 I Ll 17 1"1 ,\
di sc ussion (1(" Ilil sl" lI 's AIICJlhn ( i lTc idl"llLtl J ,111,11 k ti ll lit !'
in tc n tional f:tlbc)' is 111 : 11 tll ,l . R . S t', 1I 1e "" I I LI ' rll l " IIIL " ILII)
a c t of WI i l illg 1;l" tiol l:
T here \Is('d Itl bt a ot liln:. r ) C " I,,, . H I!" , h," d.! 11 "\
cOll s id e r 1]1t: illl<:l l iiolis .. f Iltl' :tutl h l r \,1'(' 1\ " .,( ,lllI i n i LlK .1 \'''1 1.. III til I L"II .
dl c l e is SOll Ie k n 'l 01 ll1li' lIli",,:'1 ,, !ti,h 1111 ' 1' \I( " c".t i " , II } l In, i ,
pl:'lI silllt- ; O ll t.: III I t (" C' " ' ;' \"I ,III :'III[II 'C' , n llrl ll 'I 111 ll\C'
wltr.11 :l1I ;d Y.f.IIL'-: WInk, blt t :tl ti l(' !JH " I h , L, i. I. ' \"\" [ it j , .d"Hld I" '11 1' 1" " "
a n i l i(' r ail I'ClI ll p ll"ll"I y i.'-: l1lJl t: III\' 11I 11LIII .. I\\ .. 1 II ... ,I II tI" >1 , 'II" " , ' \ , ' 11
I t1 Ul"1t a s III II' x l 11 <>1"1"1 , ;1 I"' C' IIL , III ,' \ C' II ,I ' ,I 11" ,, 1 " L.'
make a II..iLl L :thllli l Ih!" 1111 I'Lll II III 11" :i:! ' q
211 IIIE K I: ,\1. ,1.1\' 11 111 1-: RIlt.' O KI C
iIlO("lllioll :lr ), an fir \\' 1 iling Jin ioll Ihal S";lIic is ohviotl sly
C"IHlldrd i ll ,I.r 1(' '( 1, ;1<; :Hr 111;111 )' oliln i ll ll"lIli o ll <;, ' I'll(' 'Ltll;l(' joli s'
p =II I ti l tll (, i lll (" lIl illll:d l;dl:1 ,'), \ \11 ('1), ("IIIII' I 'I Ii S IIIIW; " I allll '(\ ("I itical
apP(':lh 10 I"' XI I "1('xlo,lIl y c""prr<;<;cd allthor's i lll r lll;oll <;, or tlll s llh-
q ;lIlIiatrd al'l' f' :tI .. 10 illlt 'lI litHI <; sl'l'pfI<;l' dly ;11 11 11' I ('X I bill 1"(, ;llI y ill
liI e nitit"S lIIil1d ( o;;cc dl. fi. p. I :rq. For \\' irll s:t1l \\" 0 1(' ill 'As
Ik :\I'd .. kr ;\lul I wnt' f;'l1"1' CIII In poi!!1 Ollt illterpretation
ha\n l fill III!" :llllhor's illl(' lIlioll ,,1"1(,11 ill f;\( ' 1 rere r s 10 ;\11 in t e lltion a s
il i .. 1IIIIIId ill, HI illlt-Ilni 1"1(1111 , t ill" '\'011.. II S..! I'. , /\l1d III' ex!'l i,,;tl)'
11.:11 hi s :UgLIIlIt'1l1 \,';I S 1111\ tiirCi'{('d ;11 s ll (' h ('; \St'S,
FII I\ ln I"I I,t ll clI.'-:CS du' Ill' (ht Icli. ITllli;d
fUlillioll , 11 :lIli4'lIl :lIl ), rut lIlt' 11'1\'('1, ;tile! Ihe 1I;llIi l ui'
11 :111 :lIi \' r, or Iht pr :H: t in' or Wl ilillg iI, ill \nlIl S Oilly of Iht: ahstllu\{'
:\11(1 alilill:lI), 11:11111(' oi" linioll :
rd'r\(' '' ' r tn. III /I' IIIT lill" of, th(' n':d wodd W,I)' Itl lilt' :lhso ll1lt
1''' \''' ' ul Ih(' "o\Tli'll ! Knllll H. lr . Fo" ln. Btll, ill I:, ... .
10 l' bi"l Iklt I hr wri ln la ll glla}{I' a IH"W \"!lll d
" " 111 1111' I r, ,1 ""lid lI 'rrll n l 10 I,,' h j(.I OII r -I .. ,uk(. , I'IC, i ,
""I III ' rt',II:llill1.: 'lh" tl l1 ldr I"r ll ill ' ,l"In!' III i. 11'
d i" "111 It' ,'\ "I I'II'P""; l ill ll (. ;,1111 111 n,," -r :.: iQ"1I1 IWoP!.- 111" ,'\TIII " lIa",
1"1 11 11" lI' adl'l , till' \ .111 11' St;UII " a ... 0(" 1" "I14I,i l l011" abou l I\', t!
Ili"", I.;,1 .. 1 \, IIi , 1l lit .. I (".Hl n II l nillllsl ), UllaW;!I!". III
hili It I :I<n , Ihr " ,ld ... It ;. " HI 1\I ;l kr 111'1111'1 nlllrlll h y 11'1'1 111(. 111\1 lillK il
:":l ""Ilt l \l lti , 1t ill 1"111 1" "r IIII' hl,, 11I Ill' t C)" ill ,I,,'
1:" (' li t Ifl r lalll :I\I;, , 11' 1;lII' d 111 'llIl!' w(l llt! ll y
I n b"11t Ilt r " I i ln '( "I' alld all
:"Iillt;al t'fdn tlplln Iltf' ('\' ("11' " II":tlll f 1I1I1I -1t',tI 11, 11 "1 I t'd til . . , :\lId i ll boIl.
t :.'n ilLdrl11. itt ;III ,"'c\llJl'l n of l i llglliQ;,' 1'1'11"11 1'11:111('(' Ilt f' \\ .. ;In's
I Ilf,i, r lIt ;11"\ l1\ay he cXI"aill1'd ill \1' 111 1' or Ih,' ","(" i a l alld
hi q ll' ie:1I I ilnllllqalll in Idtil I, III" "'111" ' :llI d Iii " 1'III1I1I1I I1I il' :lU';
\(1 Iltal ,,, ,, .1,, ,,1,i ,1t I elf'"! 1<1 ';!'I;IIII." nll;lil' " III :Q' II!' 11 1l1' 11 111' It'd ill lI lt' li l4'"
1,1 1I'" ,. llI1al ('l l al :I1 lt l \(H i:d si tu;!ti " " ,, " ( 1-',)\\ 11'1 ]1J 7!J:
" i .. 1111f' Ihal Ih(" 1\\' ('f l li" I II -n' n l lll ), ' (, :II,i,," rt':tli ' 1I1 h :IS
III 111 :I II Y h!'rll ... 1t01l).:, \' ;"irll and 1'11111;1111('11. I I is :lb" [rill' Ihat
11", n;ch, .. in (' OIlCC' IIII:1lillll 0 11 Ih .. lill' I;"i l), or I II(' I('X I ( lit e 11I Icli c
rtrlll ' tinll) 11'1 1 111 t'XIIC'lIl{" :111(1 ('Iili s t \I' l\i li ll ll ", SL It ' II a s Ihl' lIolioll 11t:'1
(',lilt 11 ''' 1 it:, (' il " 11 \\ 11 C"I1111 l'iI-'(, :lIl1higLlIIII", p :ll a till xit': ti ( t'l c)
"hiI' ll i l is Ih .. t l ilie' s I'rtu:dl y (' I1I1lI'\(-x ta"k Itl tln'ill lt- , and
IIt:II Ihl' IlIlkill).! heltind [lti s allillldl' i(., as 1"11 \\' 11'1' poill is
0111, (';Ii ll y si ni s ler , lil t, s anlt' (olllt! Ilt' s;Jid IIi" 11I :\lI }'
SIItH IlIr :lli q" ;\1 111 1'"<; t , SlllLclLila l i sl s ,,,d.I), , d rs pil\' tiu' ir , "bitli S ttl
litE KIIU(lKIt .
su b \'c rsiOIl, n : \'ol "lioll , ( e/al'II/ m l, ,lIHlndu' r J, l\ ilitlll,tltl t' (111111' 1''' ' : \11
CXdLl SiOiI Itas il s Bil l w(' lit' al " 'ilt' l I!'> I1r
1"t';di s lII, alld IIr Ilu: ' sdf-rdkxi \'," IIHI\T II 11'11 I Il,u k III lill'l,III 11 I"", ill
III1 I1C tlll.til lain" ill b,,"k. CUljl>LI \ h, 1-' ,,\\ 1 ... dlln 11>1 1
Ihllse Wltll cxcl ude, S: I}' , lite p 'Il' li t ' hll lt.'li .. " ill 1.1 \ '''111 III II\(
Idi. ITllli :d :tlld 1111' su hj , t ti \,l , s lIdl .t .\ 11.l1lili"ll 1 IIi 11 1' 1 l,(,11 ti l " ' l l llIl y
niti (' islII and its 111 0<1 1'1'11 cljlli\,all'lIls, Ilt t' SIl('\II III,'-: II .d, III lil t:
ideologica l illlnplTI:tlioll 01 liln ,lIl1 l l" ( I ,g . til(' Wlilt"!' .I S IIfIII ' " l' ui l,
ilhpl'isCl III ' tI by hi s t' b "s t"OIltTlliS ' "I t.). II I 1" \)' ItH-:II I,tl) IiI ,t1 111 -
" t 's ligal; cl lI:-- til' I Itt' alllhill Ihlll LlglI h i!'> 11' ,'(1\ ! III "\'1'11 II I HI/H -I'X I ' '' ' ul
c har:IC\t'l s , SIT \'II. Ii ), B LII 111.11 i:.: I' ll oI,.",ly a d lalll t ' IIIlI i";II II , III ' ''II'
to hi s TUllnilJ ll al i.' llI ' ( i-'C1WiL-1 11). lUI Itt I '
expli t.: itl ), agaill :': 1 ;, 11 a In 10 11' ex t'iLl s ilJlI or :III } " liIlK"i \ lil' ,1' 1""\ .. I .1
I t: XI.
has 1I11J\T tI 111\\,11," , I IIILHII "1.: 1, ' , \11 ' , ,,1"I,.IlI }.
and Irks , 11 01 ;tlwars I" ;111 till' "I
CWllIlllllli {"; lIiulI III . I,lkllll.\OIl 's ti i:' ,L: I. 11I1. II i \ rilIiIlUIt , ... 11111' lillI'
r;1I1 110 1 do all at Hll tT, alld I\'X I:-; tI" 1".\ l'l lI il III\( ' " 1111 \'
Ihan :lI lIIl lil'l' " Thl' t ' Ol1tttl\'t'l si ,tI , 1Il" ":III \(' tll ll1l al lll lll 11'11
agolh\' 11 11)"' 1 is tltt, I" u l llnll " I till' .u ldlc"I'1 I , 111' .1 'Ic" d '
I"(' ;lil e r (rUII , IIH', ;ILlIII 1, 111'), ). Ilf :111 'ilk,t! ' 11'.ldn , "' .1 1I ' ,uln
ill snibnl , 1'IIt"tJd n l ill Iht' I(' xl;' Alld i \ til t' ,Iddln.'!" tI\I' ' 11' ,11' .111111111
(wlt o 10ull l,\I" IH' , 11l ;lIil . t1 111I1I111t-" .1 , I , IIIIIH I1 l1 n 11 (1 11 ) , 111 .111
' idc;d' :lLllh t ll' :I S Idlt-I'tnl ill tilt' II I i!'> l w \i lll}ll ) [111'11.1 11, 111 11.'
3,2. 1, /(od (Illd IJII/ tal I nl,'-l!tlItI'lJ (/1111 }, ( IIII'/I, \\'.1 ) I H <: B, .. ,iI , ... 1'111 "
II/:(']" \Vlllk, 'IIII' ,hdo/I( 1!1./1I{irm tilt, 111 ,\1 III :- ,. , 1"111. 11 11'
!loliolls "I' illlpli c J : urth, J!' ; ll1d itlll " linl Ic,,,tlt'! " ' 1 hI' 1l', tI ,l lI tl lll\
t:xlralt'XIII ;!I , hili prnjn ' ls , IbrouK" hi .... \"1\ k , :til 'ide,d' III
hiIIl S, ' lf, 11I\llt: t't llllltJll n l, IJI 11 11 11 \' ( II I ,,!t,llt"\ I'I }. "I hi ..
u l" tilt, illlJlli u l ;11111101 s ll llltid 11111 lit' 11I1I1" ,(' d \\1I 1t 1/\1'
11:11 rallll', \\' 110 1":1 ) Iw ;11 1 :l1 l1lll y lllll ll\ \'oi, I' \ I'I } I I .. , , 111 till' III ljI\iI ' d
aUlhor, 11L11 Ill ;, )' abll Ill: it., '1 "11(' <11111"11"111 { ego
all idiot , ill Faulkll (' !' , III' ;1 gu\' t'lII( ' ,\S ill . I'II/I n, ('It ,J , \, 111 1111'
.il1l p li n l IT ad"1 i"\ al "" jlllljn' l n l ill IIII' 1( 'lI. l, 11 111 ;t \ .1 \ 11t, i lll 1I ' .ld ' 1
0 1 (,\TIl :t1l ;"Idll'!'>.\" d '1) ,,:1\ ({t':u ll"t ', hill i ll II II' \I'I } 11t 1" 1111 11 1IIIIIIIgh
\\'hidl hi' i s r "q \I i ll't I III ' III a k I' .'i1' 1\ " I ' "I III!' c 111111' 111 ' III 11'1 1011, 11 111 lit
':I <; :t \\'tllld', ill FII\\ ln ' .\ 11'1111.\; IIII' 1111" 1"111, ti l, 1I i , III ,. 1), 11 ,11 ,,"I )
of" 1111' WOlds a il e! M' I1hllItS III' 11', 11 1" IlIll " I t l,, ' 'lI g, IUi ,. ,II'" J
Il l' sti c h :I S \'i('\\"jllli l1( lll,lIlgn, 11'11'1'111." I
3U
1111: RL\I. ANIl rilE
di;,loglI{" irony alld fori II . Irony ill p:trti Cl dar, ; I S a c.;ollll siun
hrtw(,(,,11 narrator ;'Illd a of illdin:c.: 1 C"0I1l1l1Cllt 011 the
("h:ll:l t" trl ', :1\"'11111( .... alld thrTcrn r r ;, ITa( k r clpaiJlc IIi"
("ahhill!l; ii, ill ul lin '''' tilth "" id ra l illlCI' prCIc:r Of idcal l cadn. This
illlpliC"d ;lIId ilkal l eader Ih ncforc: paralkls the ideal of the
allll,ol" .
1><. lfl k t"lI llt;,im a deal 11I 0 1t' IlIall that , no ta b ly the
lil!'il t"!r ;\f allal ys i.; oi" 'ypC's of 1I:lIr:1III1' alld a s("ve l " niliqut.: of
(" 1"'1 1:li ll of po<; ' . .Jalil niali oiliei!:111 Slid, as lin- itlsi s t CIH"C 011
the (" Ijlllt'lalinn o r thl' Ilarrator 's \'o ir(' ( ill .I ;\lllt' S's :I 1Iti , lall'r,
1,lIh""1 In III ", ClIIC I1II I SI -<; 11 0\\", 1101 '\(' 11', SIT a lso d l. 1'1 hel uw) .
Bill ICIT Ill y pl("WIlI I'lLrpo"c I silall olily luake Iwo poinl s,
Fi' ''I , liIe \Tly Eill IIlal tilt' implied rt';ule..' r is 'ill ll' li('( I'
Ihe ti le' olg: lt lis;i li llll, eire riwllllit" gc- II n ;dl y (;ltHI iluknl ho w
('hf' " ;111 III' ill" 1(, lIds 10 \IS back to t h e or
1111' wOld 111I'IIIIi(' :lS (;, ) Ih,' Il' dl1liqllC' S of ' pc l s"asioll ', wltidl
'illiplin' 11111('011(, tllllf'l SII;t(k, ;111(1 ( h) the Sl tu l ), Of,ltl' SC t e.:d l1liqll e.:s"
hll :a til1l(, BfHllh's W(JI k was IIllIn" as a st ud }' o r
tl'l"illliqlln, :lnd ill ;1 that :lllIiJigllil)' rnllai ll s ill 1I111t "h s llh-
SI"IJl I(" 111 wlllk, (,\"" 11 ill CCIII' tlr, ami ill B(llIdl "s \;11("1 Ulirtflli( I{/ /fUI!)'
( 1!17'l ) , "niJ;lps it is illll("l"(,1I1 Itl ni li c.:al <Ii St"UII I Sf' i'l g e llc-r;d ,
Sn- flIHI, IIl1l ioll of i mplied ;1011101', alld illdin.:c.: tly tltat or
illll'li("(1 Icati n , i o:; <1;"Iill(\ly linked to ;1 111111:11 j"dglllt'IIL For a l -
1IIIlIIgil Illf' n:tfl:ltllr Illa y hI" a 1"I";llIill;11 fir all idiot, thl' illlag(' u fille
i ll"oI;("I1 :lIl1hlll 11111 tll:tl II I' ;1 ("Iilnill :11 or a ll idi o t, a ll"'tain
'C\i"l ;till ("' i " f',,(:t1 d i!'bt'l l ( h )" \': \1 UH' ;lII S); lit , if 11t:11 is lI t/ t
sulliriC"l1t1y ( I'":ll" III' t\\ I"I" 1I Ihe \'alllcs of a r h :\t:t c tl'r (or :1
11;10 : \101 " ' h ;I/:t("l('r ) :lilt! 1110,, (' of Ihe impl ied aUlhor, Hool h W:tIlI S til
kllo w \\' I It" It' the ;1I 1t1ltll s l ;llIds" Di s tall cc is Ihll S a t'Iilt'tillll, tlte
illlpnll :lIl1 C' III' iIOIl)"" " .. w(' sh;1I1 s('c, i lll n y is njf't"ll'd hr Ibrt ht's
(pl'l kip" i"IIIII"lIn"" Ni('"11"H Ite fOI" whlll1l Ihi s \\'a" a S)' llIpll1l1l or
dn":-\t!nlt'" ' :t S :l Ill:t,k 111' Iht" ' classic.: ' 110\"(" 1, :l ilt! is s:lid III ha vl'
di ": l l'pl' ,II ,"d 1'111111 IlItltlt-rn For 1I0ll t h , 1I,,\\'('\'('r, tht" <I"lhor
hi .. I f':l(\(" :lS he- Illahs hi s s,,(t ll ill sdl IIIIt' illlldi('(1 :lui 11 0 1"1,
;llId th(' 11\11<; t SII' "I' C' ""I"I i s o ll e ill \\'lIil"lI till' neatI'd s('h':'s,
alllltnl a lld l ('ad l'l , r:lll filld t"fHl lpkt c :l glt' t"IIIt' l lI' I JU)" Thll s
lit(, ill iplini I('adn ;11 11 1 tlt e illll'linl ;tuthill alt' ("; ltIglll III' in Ihat
111111:11 jlld,l:IIIf'III, :l1 l l1'it a lil H'r: tl IIlIt', Sill(I' Ihe il lipl ini r e ader
itinllil i( " w itlt ,h(" \' ;I!tH'S Iff tlte il llpli('11 :I1I,hol , 'II kast fill Ihe
!f, :ltl i lll.?, "I; IIlI' , s uhtlldill:ltillK hi .. tl\\'I\ 11 0\\,('\Tr, thi s
(":-\l il1l1 (1I :l)' elil. 1101 jllst ill illSllllit";(,IItly tii s t:tIll'l'd works w h ich
Ili f-: :I I
Bool h wOlild l"t' g;lId a s illli" .. illr, lilLI, 1" C'ci sl'i )" IJI lnlaill Ill lItinl l
\VOl ks of" w hal lit: ca lls ' illfillil cly uns l a ble: illllly' , !oIH II ,I S Iho\ l" " I
lk("ke.: lt , ,," h ll '\t' rus("S 10 c\ Ct"\,l lt' Il illlsd!". I IIH\ (" \\" , , "11ti )" /01 ,Ill Y
s t:tbk (Jloptls ilillll, e.:n:1I the.: tljljlu>;ih" 1.1 "h.llc\t'r pllIl'u:\i lllJll Ili\
iroll ), v igoll Hlsly ( Booth I '2"10)"
III a I ttltlk , 'I lu 1((11/" ' " Ilu 1(\1 ( I!JlltI ), n lil nl It ) SlI ' ,lll
Sulcil ll:!1 1 ( til illtltlc.iIlt:IOI Y SlI l \T), 1 ;1111 illtil"i lle.: d lUI Il ,dl "i"
Ih,' "hO\,I: paragraph :lilt! fur sOlla: o r \ ... 11 :\1 lollo\\s ) , S lIir il lldll
0111' lhal th e.: 1I01illll" It I' illiplic:d ;lIIlhfJr all d i "'1 liil"t I " ",lIl n die.:
rdl' \ ' alll loti" ),, 1101 tht' )' i lrt: lillknl til I"th il ,iI
bllt iwt'all st' 11 11")' "rt' (1111111 ;1(11, a Cit t I HII s ull ;1 it'l HI )
c IIl Jllta sist'd alld 1'1"1 h:,ps 11 (1 1 fiLii)' It"l"Og lli sc.: d h y HOIII II [\lId
" " illll'1pll"li\'e.: t:olls lltHt S tlte.:), '1';11 Iii i,,; III' ill tilt, tllllll,lIit ) II I ,til
ill lcr pictillioll " I l't JlI SIL'lI t: 1 Ihe 1'1' Ih e illlplini : 1111 hOI ,1111\
illiplit'li I l"at!n grad nail), as I It",ld :t \\olk, alld tilt"" 11 ' (" ti ll" illl,lgn
I It" Vt' n lll s t llll"tni til ,":d idall' III )" It'iltlill g, Tlt t' i"1I11 Il"tllgl litlllll \,1
Ih is 1; 1(' 111:11;1)' d ut'S lI ut l e lld l'r tl,," lIuliuli uf ill'l )linl ,IlIlhul ,I lid
illl pli"t! I(';ult:r s tipelllllOllS, bUl i t <IUt 'S It"b li\' i,,t.: lli n,,' l Sukilll,l1I
I I I ).
Tilt, lIution oi" illll'linl I{";u ln idl' ," illlnl'l'"lt ' l til Iltl" illl!,I;!"!1
au tho r g;I\'t.: \\,:1)", i ll A lilt"! it":l :1l1d 1' ;lIlil"l'\all ) ' I'w I hl l "I I ), III 11 1.11 IIi"
ideal I c:tde.:r ill Iht" sellse oi" :111 a lll,t1g:1I11 01 .H I ,II I HII
i ll ri u"III(' d I eadn s" III It il b tnrc 's st I lin II I Sl ) l i "' 1 it .. ( I'll Ib , 1 7 I , t J
lilt' rt" : ldt' l is a whu, ill lilt, Cl' t ' u t B,l tLlkl. l lll"':\ l.rl
dlfl/J ( I !)(iCl) is ( 11I1IJHISt.: d IIf C\'CI )' tlll t: 1111111 H.llltlt-l.lill", II ;, 11,11110 1,1111' "
alld t"lili rs, itldlldillg .Iakll lJslJlI, III RiII.HI"IIC' 1111 h , h
( 1!1 70) , tILL' 'ildtllllll't i n:adcr', fllr <:olln ( I!J7)), ti lt ' " pl ,lillll'd'
reader " Hilt Ihe II CW ' s tliljCt:li\'i s l' uiti n like NIII III :IIL 111111.11 11 1 ,I"t!
Da v id Hkirll , 11 0 dUltill ag: lill 10 1 ti lt" 1.11 1.11;' , 111.1
o tlL (' , e.'X dI ISitl IlS, h;I\' e.: IlIa (k a 1'("111111 10 il lt" C b S" tlOIII Ri l It,ll.! , p i
"II!C/ i((/1 1I1111"1 J III tlltlllgil i ll ;\ IIItl1C" "'I tili sllI,tlnl ,11111 1''')"
r hu;lII ;iI),licl ll y tlli(' IIIt.:d \\",1)", II)' illI , d ,,, ill g tht" 1.1I11,1'I n II I ,H 11I , d
Stlldt' lIl S III 1'(1(' 111 5 (' SllC" c i;dl r 11111I ,1I1t\ 1!1I;1l , IS le-it It
, 'S, II l1l blHI 1!1 7h), r\S I III' II s illg tht"; 1 \ 11(' 1 illt lu,III1I1'
ill !his 1)llnk, I slt:"1 S: I)' Iltl IlIlIIe ;li Hlllt i h t"1 l1lrl"lt" , IlIlllh!") 111111.1 III"
honlt" ill IlI ilHi wl"" 11 1 l"t" 1 taill II ,!ll i li !, II ,d t It ' .t t tillil Ht
'I lir '/ /1111 uJ III, S(I(Il ', illld Ilt t.: \\' ;JY thn:' litH il lll\l ) ';111 lilli ' the
'S)" lIlpIIlIlI S' (1"11 ' '11\,"1
T Ill' '; H 111:11' I r;lI \n hit s ;rl"l1 be('ll (h", tlt with 10 111 il .l .. glt ,til) ,lIld
I\lIt (llil y ill simple.' rnl" ;tlLiI 011 tilt' It'adll ig 1' "1,111, ItllI
ill tlf h o\\, ioi ogic al l
31
lilt: Kt: ,\ 1. lilt: Klltl()KIl:
ill the' ( and ( ' 011 '('"<111('1111 ) ' in tlu' alld laSII' ) or a
lI:tti Ci llal /(' ;11111110: Jlllbl ir ha \"(" (,"1 1I1I1111ulnl 10 11i(' Ilf 1I1'W li lerary
' ;\11 \\':111 ', 11.'''1' \lud y, "Iht /(II( ,\ 'fI/,d :l.1It"l lqll l'lilo
:1I 1' W ("I th i, q ll(' '1 1011 h y tlw Il l' 1)C'lo(: , :lnd
Fi r ldill'-: ill of tlu' t ' III i:iI and of t Ill"
rrllll1l)" n,i d dk I Hl hl i c (SLlIt'lllIali
JJ)
l. uk; I("s is Il c ri! :! P'" the ill :I tllHlI' l\brxisl
lhcory 01 dH" 110\"1' 1, :lIId hi s d i<; c il' k I.lI(' i('l l (;01<1' 11:11111 i ll I.r dint
(lI (hi ' \\'(,11 1 rllllhn 111 ;111 \\';1(1 , 110\\,('\'('1', ICII ' hI' SOllgl1l 10 gi.T
:111 explil il IIH'OIl'li(";l\ :l cTlllJIII tl r Ih i:-.
n ' bliell, ... lli!, ... ; \n' o lding le I <; o ldlll ;U1I1 's I 1I 0Ilt-1 , :dl 14 1(":11 \" olb " I"
I;I I' I ;\IIIIC 1"'1'11 .... Ih(' ' visic!!l 111'1111' Wil l It!' 0 1" ;, slll" ' ili !" s(I!"i; !\ 01
rl:c .... In \\ hi l II Ih c' wliler h l'longs , ;lTId whi(" h ("oll s [ililtes ,
111("1 (' I; IIt, h nl h I hr <; ourn' ;",11 Ihl' deSl il1 :1lioll "I' hi s works'
(Sulc i",,, ,, 1 '11111 : :1:\ ). B"t '" S" k i"",,, I" ,i" " ",I) I""') .I""!,,,,,
I,l'c'IIh;"c!1 in hi<; (' ''''; \ y \\it h i ll Sl1kil l1;III's h(l ok ) , !ilt" 1I 10d l'l dol' S II n l
stl flil ' ;t'lI t1 y l:"I ke inl o : 1t "("0 II II I ' till" sil llal ion (II' 1'11 1111 11 1' Ihal
(' h :lT :lt"lni/n\ Ihr h('I W(, (, 1I "Sl'liOII S" \\' I"il e r ... and the
puhl ic ( whic h is liI (" oll l y IT;d p"hli (" Ih(')" 11 ;1\ ' ('
h:,d ) i ll 1-'1 : 111( "(" sinn' Ihe llJid ' lI illc'IC' I'IHh {"(' I\I I II )", Thi s 1"1'1 11111"1' ;IlId
it <; rOIl SC!j IlI'II (" I' ." \\(' IT .... cd hy Sarl , e ill f{ll f til tilliw/lllr?
( I :lIId hy Ibrlllf"" til / .r drg,; <.;/11 df ('in i flllr ( I ( I :\1),
()Iher f'('q' ;"lIdl 011 '1(' :1 1' n 'adn .<; ; \1"(" lil t., ;lllf'lIlP! S hy T("1I11 Van Dij k
to f'\ 'oh'(';1 g(,lInalin' .L:I;llIlIll;\ r Cl r l)'pes uf lt'XIS
:I (TllldiuL: III ('xl'('Iillll' III " wil h I h e 1t';I t" li n n s " I It' ;11 r(';\(I('I s 10
enl;, i" 1{' .,< l s 10 tlt""1: ' ;\1 it- asl SII IlII' g r HI IJl S of spcakns of a
C ITI ' l' re>t\lIlt' ;\l1C1 illll'l"prt' ( :\ p o lnniall y infinite IIl1l1lbn 0 1"
lI ilkl l"lIl lil('l ;\I) I(':-;I S 1:1<; Iht,y do "1'I11t'II("("SI' ( \ 'all I )ijk IB'I ),
All d (:ttll" 1 (ill ;1 III illi:\II1 papC'l" ill S "lt-iln ;\II 's
\ ' IIII111H' ) a t r;\I\sfu,III;\Iiilll:1 1 of ;H'I";.1 1C'4Idings , \\ ilitOIl I,
1111 \'."('\"(, 1, 10 do i l hi 111<;(' ''',
ill 1-:111 11\)(', ti lt' IIHI\' t ' llIt'1I1 I! :\t!
III CH III (, I'II ROIII ; "1 IlIg,llclt'1i :"Ilitl \':\ , i' 1I1 S li, lI o\\TIS. 1I It',,} y
0 11111" \\C1 lk (11'; \1 1 ( I (H I ; 11 :-\11<; . l!lI itJ, i,,;. pl1l"c \y I , hilc, sl lp h ir; t\
/11111', I!J ;I\ i<; II) il i<; ;111 il1l 1llir)" i"lo ti l(' olLlolngi" ;\1 or
W(l lk or ;\1' (, hilI l!t('l (' h y a l .... o all illfj llil")' illlf! lI\lr ;q l p n' h t' l1 sIl Jl I 01 11 . .
The \\Cllk 0 1' ;111 is ;01 'ill ll' l1lioll:1 I' ohjcct, Ih:l t i s, ;1 11IIldllrt o f;l("\ s 01
;111 olcjnl tlini' , t' lll rrOlll 'ide; !! ' ubjcT IS ill i l is
!;\ d , j" c' l In :"1(\ 11 0 1 c' I('III:1I i ll Ihl' IIial, sa )" ;1
tTi; II Il!iI' j<; (' 1('1"11 :.1 . I I i " d illi- I"t'1I 1 i"lolll 'n':.!' i1l Illat it
11 ;\11 '" b y olhn 111 ;111 i t.<;c1f, ;IS dot's :\
litE IUII . I(JI(I C :1'\
\\lord (II" a S( III ('I\(T . 1\1I ;11 )'sis 11111... 1 Ihndi n(' ('S( h n\' hOlh litl ,
lug is lll alld ( 1I1\ )i l i("i sl11, I II IH' f t'pbr(' :\ by w h:tt he tail s ' (, jdt' lj ("'
rc.: dnnioll {l'i do.I.: ('SSI' IlI t', 1.(". I t.: tiu r n\ 1;1 ib
' I'hi s ill !,!"adice S(,(, III " Itl IlI l'a ll th t' d ilic l(' 111 ' :-.1 1,11,. ' II I'
Iht' WC II k: the stJl llld -slr; lIa (lng' lI ckll : d .. ,I ), Iht' IIIIil S or
w h i("h COIl Ji l ill t: ill lo S('(I'U': II U :S ilild S{'!lII'U(,t.: P ;II I('I II \ ( I I,,, . :) alld Ii },
t h e sl !":tl 11111 of Ihe o l'j erl s It'PIl'Sl'lIlnl , i.e..:. lhl.: \\lIlld 0 1 liI l' IIO\ dl '"
(("It. 7), ;11111 Ihl' s i l ;,111111 of ... t"t 1 ohjt" ' l s , I' . g Iht" ill i plini III
Sl:fl('(\ 1'1 (JIll \\ hi, h th is '\\" 111 Iii ' is S('('I I (t I. ... . H , lI ld !Ij . III
\llt'i[ ;\ ("("IHIII I o f \Vdlt-k alld \\" ;111 1.: 11 ;tlld ,\ l i J\t"!"
( I !J 7I i) ann tl IC'1I1 ;Hld a linll SlI a lllll l, tlr ,lI III' 'I q 1/('.<;(' 1111'11 ull in li -
Vil i('s', illt"i ll dill ,L; lilt, (11111 '1l1t't;qd l)""it";11' qll,tiil i..:",
( 11l l' hill y, tli t.: Ilagi!" , 11.1' ",,, "Iilll(, , , tL ) IIial ,II I {' I\,ddn II:-. Itl
;IPI'"' II" I1<1 ( th. 10). Hil I l iti s is ;1 II lislludn ", t; lI ulill g or IlIg,llIkll , 111 1
",iUlIll I ll est' 'It' I"CSt' l\lnl "b.ic("( ivi li o' ; \1 (' 111 : llIili ... 1 ill ;111 III
pcrh :.ps IWllt' 1' ;lIli l"l ";lIl y rUIII ' li t l/1 HI till ' ole jc"!"1 ",1 1 ,11 11111 . ; I II
th is P YI ;Ullid , rt"lll ill islTIlI "I' Ihe 'Inds ' III ;11 1: ,, ) ... i, ill "' I:-' ln l ti ll I I)"
ROII! ;11l .I ;.ku hso ll ill 1' ;lrt ic lll:ir ;111<1 I ii I' i'[ aglll' Sdlclld i ll gnl\ ' I , d
( pIIIlIlIlIHgil":l 1. IlI o r p!.ologic;t1, s), lItan ic: d , ,ht' lol il ;d l, ( ', It h st l. 1I1I 11I
I\(:t"ds it s sllhordillal(' ill 01 tin III exi sl .
Fill' I llga l t !c-II I III' ' StllIIHI -s tr aIUIII'
pr e SS IOII, or w h :l l S trll ('\llr ;\l is t.", (": 111
( ti lt' 1''' )Si l, t\ 1111" ;111 " 01 C'X'
111 (' : 111'1 1 " 11 111 , .. lit'
t:OllrIl Sn\ wil l. ' Ih t' :1 1" 111 ;11 s oulldillg t, f \ \"11 111 :-. ', \\ llitlr Ildll ng 10
pnltli"lll.lIlt"l' . I II I j lug aldell adlllil S II II [(' ,1111'1 .\ 1II,I y ,.11('1
I)fOIIlIIl t"iillio ll in silt"1I1 I (';uii l1 g , IIlId thus ' 1(' ;11 1 l i lt \\ ( 11" III .\1,, 11 , I
111;111 11(' 1' 11."1 Iilq' illl l"lIlillll:l l\ )" Ihi nk ,,1111(' \\l lT d ,1\
bel ongi ll g 10 Iht' work ilself, :lIlt! i ll W;IY rllllfI.!!' ' hI.: W(l t \..
( IY7:L :HiB) , Bill 0 1" ("()lIr ",e Ilri s ;ll'pli cs ('\t'lI III HI I' I " ,all ti l(' ul lin
s lr;II ;1. Ye l ill sis t s I hal 'l il t filll lld i l1 g III ti ll' 'II .HuIII II I
or ill illt'al 1"11I 14"t' I'I S hllih pi (I l eUS 11. (' W' >l1 IIllliLdl )" 11'1 111
SlIl dn.:li \" i z; lli oll alld lII" kl'.<; il 1'1I... ", il ' ll', ,II !c- ;, ... \ II ' I' l i lll il '\(', '0
( ' h ang!' il I l ack to it s oli .L;i n ;t\ liHIII' , .: Ild 1(, ; \1 litn t'i OI I' , 'tk"llil c' Ilrl'
indi s lHllahk 1":\\ ' 1 or its " lilC.: ", lli e lil ("l ;II .. WII ( k l ;IIII,1I 1 III' 11.,) , 111"0 '
giznl' ( 1'17:\: :Hill ).
As Ea rl iod illl'l P"I S il ill 'Tilt, objet l i\ t f;dl.uy' di :-'I lI ... \i llg
Ill garckll, we sIi cl lll d
PIISl tll:Jll' l ill i r t'lIl ilii's: :III "Ii)..:ill ;cl ( 11' '' 1'' 1 "I' .\n,tH' 11I' I n , ,\\lnl,, I ' ,. 1" "11 iii!"
world , a p h )'si" ;d 1' 1' ,\Cit I \" i,1 die ,.I 111 1' ,11 .... " I
1' :< 11 l"""siccll a urlll!' 11 "1\,1, 1, ,\lC' " '1 ,.1\,1 1'
of l l ' atl ill,l; Il.c' l 'xI" I'''''' ;'''' , \\' 1' 11111" 1 \, h,c l 10' 1"1 , 11 )" ... 1" ,\\", II '
will. illi rutabk \ ;1\ ' 1: Ilr,lt I\{' ;1Il' illl " p,,',k 0 1 //,"/l/d
I II t: H [:\ I . ,\ N II "I liE H II t: I t) H II :
t'..::tnl r ;"1\ Sh;,knp(";"II(" lul(,"" i( Ilr "tln'l" 11:\\",' known and
\,"i11 kIll 1\\' il ;11 ;'1110(111"1 ,illl ("' ;lIt' Il".tl l w, dn IHII
,It,. .. I liI(" \\"II ,k" I p" '!7)
I": arlin 11 ;11 1 ill"i"ll"Il: 111 1 SI jCllli sl wOll ld t IIIl "i dt"r h is kilo\\"-
of;1Il Hbj cn 10 ht' il Srlf;"l1l (I" Thai is 1IIIt"lt-ar ( Il is
of;\II obj"("1 111;')' 11111 he f}" h1l1 ;1 :-\11 lIi1j('("\, a
11111<1('1 ) , :Ind I' ('T h ;lJ ls ;, Iii III- ll ai\T. 1\ sl ' il"llli !> I's 01" :111
"hjrr! n/w III' ,,"hal IIliler stitlI lis ls ha ve said .
t-.llllf'O\"("r hi s illl(" P ITI:tliotJ of tILt" IIhjt"( I i ' .g. II ... Iwll :l \' io llr II r
III O\eCIlit-S) ie; ,, iL :11 hr I t"ganJ .. th(" ohject a s UllIil di splovtd.
III ollnr wI nd s, Iltt' 1(" :'(1 III" lI:lturr ;"I!."" dlall .'-:c's Ihrough tluS(
dill"rlC"1I1 1 1 ,,\\"(' v 1;1" , il is Irue Ihal w('lill"lar), III"0pi c fi lld
it Vl'l)" dillin!!t IH,I III 1"11111"" ,, (, '\llIr' J"( 'adillg, (' 111 i(" II(<I hy I host or
otller", wilh the" Inn . 'ridcti l" I n\IIrlitlll is i lstlf a L:li li, ;1\
hum:"1 at"li\"il)", illlpminK a arul Ing:lrd{'!I' s att('mpl s 10
ddillt'" ;"I lL ."l1nll1gi c:d for tht" lilt' r:lI)' wo,k ,,\ ;111 St:t:11I 10
t-.tillc'l I,. !"nh" f' it ttl 11.(' lilt' ',c'al' wll rltl.
lI
hi .. (III Ihe IIlt"tllTli r: d JlII" ... ihili l ) tlr a
wOlk 'k" k til 1111111 ', IlI g;ud(, !1 h O\\"l"V(' al so
till il " 'Iik' IIlIom.:1I ancl :I('"III(,li(" p"ln'plions , which II("
C II\ e; "O/II(lt/flllI IAo"A"t;;:. alw" ill Ih(' l;nlll :I" tlall " I;lIitlll,
/It] 11 ill thl" flIi1!i,, :d I'lIl i .. h ), :1I \( 1 which tr;III .. lilllll ti ll" texi. lie- W; IS
" 1(" fil " l In \;1 ;111111.11(' the 1I0lillll ot" g;'I''' Ilf" ill tlt-I t"llIlin:tt" y (l1)llll d
howt'" \" t"I, ;t1r r;ltl)" i ll .I:1I1Ie''', sc' e 'th(' pi IIII' t"h ;lj)\l'1" II,
p " '2'17), \\ h i( II t ht" 1(":,, 11"1 l i ll e; ill:l " lI lt '1t;di.lYs' Ii II ' WOI k. Nn."t"ll hdc ... s
111("1(' S('("!II til II(', Ii 1\. lug; "dtll, 11Ilt' ;lIl d 1:t1 ... 1 It: ll i.l,ali olls III" ; 1
lil n;lI)' \\lIfk. :l 11011011 tha i h ae; htTIl nilili "nJ I, )' til 11' 01" his
di ,,(il'l("';, Iscl" ( 1/" illl/'{"td '''II/n I III ) as ("sq'lIlialiy
(Snir il ll;)II ).
hwr'" ("tH,, rptitlll, h"w("\"(: r, IIII'll " Ollt ,
IIflt \'CI)' dillt'f t' 1I1 ill 1' 1";1( lin', :," 01'1"' '' ''d
111:\1 'Iltr \ ..n l k i" 1111 11(" 1!t ;\II liu' In:!
;IS SII1t-i l ll :1I1 \11 IH
to hi " IIIt'o r )', wlli, Ii ill "ls ls
( (...1"1" '.nl ), hi!" thl"
I"I";(I; .. :-\!;Ol\<; ;"I patlt"lll 1111 il Ihrough sci, " lioll, :llIlicll':lliuIIS
and liIl"il" ITlltI" l' t"cti\'(' lIIo<iil i(:t lioll S and "tI\I'r sillliLtr I (adn'-
ani \ ilin (;,'1\(,11<', IwltH'"). 1 ,; \11' 1 lit Itlillwl" .lIld s; 'y" Iltat
'Ihl' P"I("lIli ;1I 1(,,<1 j" illlillill'l ), riciln Ih:1II all ) "r i t s illdi vidual
.... rr:tli,:lti .. u,, ' ( lqi l : Ih:ll :.11 illdi vi du:t1 1t" :tii s:llioIl S
;\1 ,. ;,. 'I'pl:lhk ;11111 f"llIil ' h ,ht" le..:1 tilt' lead('r's t ,. ; ,I; \, c
"dc. 'til"" ;dl,, \ .. fllr ;\ h iKh 01 " 111"("" ' ;lI i: lli o ,, ' (S "lt-illl.tll
.n l , \\hidl t'lI ;\hln hilll III III"IW(' I ' II a Ctl lIlt"lll -
PllJary :lIId a 1.111"1 III I J'l inl RI'atln, who ie; tIll' bin
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()" I I If" ullll"l hall'\. h.' "' '' .t-.:t.:nl' 11.:11 il I' "IIIIO.11t 1111" 11 '1 , ..1"1111 1. 11
till ' 11' ; 111("1\ ,, .tl i/, 11 1011 n l it. I' t"i .I" ..... 11.. 1 I " .tt II ... 'I''' .. . inll ,, \ 1.11 ..
dlllllIy. bill I,i ... t1i"'IU, ... llll1 illlJ ,bn t l. .II " ,d ) .1 111111 11"11
1I1I,"11t"! III 1' ;111. " ." al' 1.;, li l"ahll" I." ;1 .l<,i\("11 11'\ 1 li lt \,lIi. l. 1.I 'r \.11111"
11( ,cIII 'lIt!, ,,<I 1:lli . " ;11 ,, 1 IIII !II' iu.jllIl ' ;Iu ll } hi\ I! \' 1\
III o; p,.ilil ka\1' lin d"I .!'1 III.I! l it" ,"I ... ld ... , ',,'IIC'
1':lli /:\li ',II \ ""'IC' 111'1''1, 1111'1" I 'H' II, rill" in ll IIII"II\ .,1 rl,, 11" 1. 111.111
(S llk ill l ;"1 I!HlO: .n 1)
SUI, jlll:l" 'S ; llI al)"!<iis i !> 111 ; "inl )" ;11 11 1 ;I"ill l '" illdlll"l II) Itl lire "', 1111,
(,1I1111";u li nicllI 1I 0 tni i ll IlIg: IIt1t"u , il lld IILtll" Ilil t', II)" It! h , , '!'! IlIil.:
w ith Boulh , ill ti lt 1:II t th;II, Ii II' bn , (' I :lin jllti .t.: 11l1 l!b It).,i . ,I " 10
Ihl' ."halll \: dut"S ill F(lI1 ) ,
'11,1\' I I ... illl, ' 1 ,,cl. I"III } .111 ' tilt' I.bll\.. ... "I .. , I I II ... " ".Id ... " \tlIIP,.,,.1 I" 1111
ill , hi" \1\\11 l,iti .. i "' llI I" 1",: 1' I ''' 1 I III , II .. , ' 10 ''' '' 11 "I
illli!I 1It 1', \,, 11 .1\ II ... \ \.-,11 1" 11111.1 . 11"11 "I II ... '''"111( '1. ," tI,. 11 til"
illli.' ''1I 1 r 'i 'l '1 11111' "",c'l l' II. 1.: ,,1 III. I. ,ul. , 1'1 ,,1.1, ," . rll .h, , .. h ... lju,"t
tll.11 11:-;1, . 111 ' IlIhllll,I ) li,I,, ' 1 111 .1 11 . 111 \ '11111\,,1 ... ,1 I' . tlll.llh,1I
Thc' I1l1lioll "I 1t,ulilt.1!. ill'l ,li. il i ll 1,,1 .... ,11l .d )", I' III II \I. ,} .1",, , .. 11 ,," 11 ,,
IIIIIi ll ll ; 111I 11l .l..!h 11111 II"lI,lill l} IItnlulll IIllj,,I rn II ,i,, "'" 11111''''1.1111 I"
,,. di ,, ,It .11 tllI",,,i,.d tI , ... I il'lill" "I ti ll" ,,.Idillt.: P",. .. " .dl .. ,,, In , .1
,It:.! '1\.",. 1,l liIIU1.- ill i "tli \idll.tI 11."i / "l i"" tll.11I 01, .. , I", .11111 . .1
("fili,,tI I'''Hl il I ' . I S tllt-illl . 1I1 1'11111: "21 )
'1"11 ;11, OrCHIII S!. ;llId .r" \\t .... h;tli !> CT ill LUI"! I h.II''' I ' . I'" "", . 1I111.c
pbglH' s ( 01111"111 ; '11 .... :1 ... ;\\"illg gl;H ,\. d 111t I.II ) : 1.1''' ) !III" ...
11(\'\'1" 'I"ill' gdl s willI lilt pia, (ill" II I' ,.I ... .. irtlHl\ 1I1 III 11 11"
:IIHhigllil)" lit" tilt: '\tlnIIJH: lfllic 1 b;t Vt, lllllnllwlllll" (1'1' 11., :1( 1).
:lltdligllil}' i .. II Il1lC IJ!,,illll.'1. IHclI .... !" \C , ... I l'lllllllnl , " ' tI,, \\\1\ 1, 1 lIlt
I': II rll)lt';11 I S IIIII"iIlI;di ", ancl Snlti .. lili ,l l .... ( I II II
F .. I 1"1'111, till"tI IS 1111 ljllt' ''' lill'' "I ;111 1IIII'Iini 11,lI ln ., ... 1,1 d ...
illt( ' IPI"t"It ' 1 Ilwy ti,l 11 0 1 illtt"llllll fI' ,, .dO:II ' ! , hili I . IIIH I . 111
:l1I;drs i" IIr hll '" 1I11";llIill'-: 1""l"1i'II" ill ;1 Ic :-, I. ;,od '" hlt.11 .11' Ihc
1"0<1t ... (nlllur:!1 t"OItVt"llIillll'i) 11i;11 (II. tldt 1111" 'i ,, "'c lll wd 11" ... ln I i,,
sn ilit"d ill ''' to clldn Willi" 1111' :t111"1I1 h.l .. ill " l i lll ' l l i ll I I,, ' Ic " I III
111 :.11.:(' ' St ' II SC" III Iht' Ind .
Thi !> i ... \\" 1.("It till" " II""/t/l". ( 1I.1I1 .l ln, ,, 1 (;,' 111 "11,' 11' 1"2 1 , llId
PlilltT 11"I" ,lIt " HIIII III '!> in'l ili n i If . ld ... . I "I till ' 1111j1lin l
11";1( 11"1 1' :I1:dlt-lt"t1 till' i llll' linl :l l1tillll .lIul \\,1 "' , .. ... \ \1. \. 1\'. Iti ... Itk . .!
i lilt"! 1'"' 1 t"1 . . J"ht //,/" aftll If lill\\ \ . \"C I P;1l .tl ll"! , II H , ,,,,, ,' :"11 , .I ' ,II I .1".1:
10 r/n/il/I/II"III /dr'l fll/(/tllll, l;u ldlc,:>,, r !;ldd,, ' ... 'T l . ,\1 11 1 1111 11.111.11,., , ... lIlt
IIllt w hll I hl" 1I;1I1,lIin, :tlld 11 11 ,1"\11,1 illll'hli d ) "' II4',lk :-.. I"
1(; I Ill'. K[ :\ I .,\NII , ' I ll'. RIIEI()/{ [(:
!iOnH"OIH' , Narr:l\f'cs III f:1.t"t ca ll be analysed ill the sallie wa y
a'i Booth :l 1l ;,ly"cd Ilarr ;IIOIS. They call lit' intrusi\'c' or ( 1Ii OIT
II QI: dl yl dbl"nl: IIwy I ; \ 11 I I(" d':IIII:lli snl i nside ;1 siory kg. wlwil :\
:'1101 y Wilhill :I 'lor y i 'l lold h y S UIIII' OII(' 10 S O l llC'OIU' ill Iile out side til"
fr :H1H" st ory, tlf ('\"(' 11 . Ii II' t il ;" matt er, "Iit'll , ;} Ch :I1 :IClt'r III :111
II II rr:lilln I !'i lor)" 1<"11 .. :1I1ol h n t "har:\l' l tT SlllllI'lhillg til:\! has jll st
lI:lpl1(' III 'd to hilll, II!" (':"( pLLiTls i l ill Il i s 111"' 11 It'rllI'' , or iell " hi s
(, I C ); th, y ca n Ill" 1111(" of SI'\"I"I:II, :11111 tht ), Clluld, J
SIIII[1II<;'", n't'll h(' '1llllcli :thk' , cornspfl lHlillg 10 III 1111 ii's ' 1I1I 1..Ii, \l 11I-
11 ;111 : 11111 ' ( (' . g . i .. . 1:11 111" "', <; 1I 1I 1f' II f I ) o llgb(" li " H'I U' I S III tlac pIO\ O,'-:'Jt'
10 'j II( '/ ,t", '!/ tlu S (I (lt ' . S (T t' h ;tp[{' 1 7, p,
Bill (:/'111'11(" dOl' " 11111 I(, :t1l y (')(p lll;t lili s I ltllioll , lil llLlgil il IS
il npll";1 in hi .. wholc- III' a lI:1rr;lli\T'S ' lIi "wollrsl" (1;11::' (/ or
oll.!,:1lli "; lIioll \. :1" oPI"I"n\ [0 '<;l o ry' or '/;:/1//1/1 I sl1 ;.1I Ill'
(\!- ;t1 ;l1g ill d('ta il " ' lilt (;(,II('I[(" S it'S (II di ", nJl , rsl' in (' hal'l .... 1'2,
11 {'fI' I I\'i ll IIlIly IIl1'II111111 (, 1'I1;,ill ;I ,"I)('( ' IS ill Ih"i,. 11'1 ;.111111 10 1111'
illlpli .. il ":11 , ;111'(' ( alld ;,1 ,, 11 I,}, W:I )' IIf. 'XI'IaIl :lli , lnlll"nTt:lili tl'lllI S I
II(' Iwfi",' ("h:\j1l n 1'2 ) . ' lilt.: thll'l" 11I:li lL :ttT
[illH' , 11I1I .. d :lIul \ ' 41;1"(' .
l !lu\!- r [;Illl' , (;rtH'[11' (\(' als wit h oldn, <I"r:lli' ll1 ;.11'\ 1"1 ('II'I( II(T.
Iii" 111':111111' 111 (11'''11 ;1111111 ( p;U"f' , i .C' . 1' :111'''' , "'Tllt', S\llllt n :II )", I' llipsis)
i .. 11:,d;I; ( III:II, 1111'1'1'1 )" l id ying "I' wl.:1 1 tI\(, po<; I -, I:IIII ('slall l"I"ili l"S
11:\\"(' ,,; . ill ;11,, 111\ 'Idl i ng' :11 11 1 ' "lapwi ng', In ll hi ." Ill" order :ultl
ft ("!jIl" 1I1 (' i" \ "(' 1 )' 1I '\' I ', lIi"g. (hiln i s di\' ;lkd 1,1"(1;\1 11)" inlo UII ,tI'"/"/1
(1I:I "hh,1I k, ;1I ,, 1 /' / 01,/' 1/1 Lach (" ;111 1)(' (')(11'11, ;11 II r
illl"1 11:11 , c.g. ;111 (' :III g o II:u' k 111 ;\ 111111' I II" Ii 1l l' lilt' IIt ' gi ll ning
II I tlu' ( "XI('I11;11 ) :llId th i s h:II'I'I'II " (' :111 )" UII, til n: pl:till
IIII' p:,q cd' :I \ har:lnl' '' o r gi\"(' J\ I II bl t'r Oil , " ", r t"t' ;,lI s
1lI'III ' liti \'{' ;1111' 1,, :11 01 ,, :11.. p ' I' .,,) ',r ttl fil l ill :t p l n ' iu lls dlil'.\ is ( C'IIIII -
plc' l i \"I" ;1111"111:11 ;lII: d t' , ,, i<;), ()I it t":lIlllt' 11 1ixt'll . Ih:\1 i s. h :ll"k ill
Inll!.:.' I " ;, liltH' I lI"lill(, Iht" 01" 1111' stor y , hU I njoi ll ill .'-: a
""i ll l ill "i"c' ti lt' \" ill il s OIll/,lElllIIf. F", ill " I ;1I11"(, ( lil Y I' X:Il I1PIc- ) ,
Il nl('I :"" I' Xpl;,lI:llillll " I h i" P:lq (: I S \ :tlllri ,, ) I ., 1,II C1(, 1I d t'
R llill"Ill l'lt" ill Ib l,.;\(' " .\jl/flldrtu{" 111/,(,( 1 drl (Olll lllnll r,1 It' li s ti lt' s tor y
tip III 'he floi,,\ {i" "i"!' II II' s ilir yl \\"111"11 Ill' caliif' "1" ' 11 I , Ll c it' 1I aholl l
tel , 11111'\ b y tilt' li \, l'r . (;1'11('111' \ ('X: \II'I,!t- S :\1"(' i"ttllll 1I IlIllt'r:
till' 1.' 111 ' " 1" :1110111 \\"1111111 1 IJ:\t k III HI/I.!! "
Ike :II\ I''' Itll[ I, :." :111 nm/di/ll dr o["'1I"1111f 1111"(,(' (1:I :;S {lilt' hlll1l "
11lt'1I h:H' \.; 10 tI lt' \ \;, ... 1111','-: Ii"l" t ( l'x IC"lI1;d
:,Il:t!1 \"; .. 1. Bill ,du' " ()!l Y""' II ... ;Irt in'" Oil 1 lit' II I' l'b:H':H" i;1 :lILd
Ic ' l1 " hi" p,n' i "II " aCh(' II IIlI"S (uululd hy ti ll' tl ll l l1i s(" it'lit 11:111":11111"
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I , ,
111 1: i{ lIt-. I I I I{ 1( : :17
lH:f tll"c) IIp to Ihe: poi ll t or hi s arri \' a l, t hi s IIliXt'd lilling
i ll a h llg .. ellipsis, IHII al.,," n .: pl:ti llillg I II(' :llli \": II ; JiLl' 11' : 1\1 11\ 1111 th t'
:tllalt.:psi s lH"ill ,14 'Ihi s i ... \\by I :1111 1'("1(" . ' \11 ... 1 ;111 .!I'!I I,,
I';tni:d oll l y 1':111 or Ilw illl;IIIU;111' 11I ) Ilr (1IIIIplcl( '
l' rokp"I's \\" IJlk ill dlt ."';1 JI \l' .ddlllllgh Ihl ' ) ,III ' 1,111'/ ' 1111('
th .. y n )" SII SP (' II S" . ' rhc')" alt ""I I II II(' 1IIIlIu\ C"d \ \ ;tI . WI/" ' ''' I I II
!rilli s :tl H'"1 Ihe 1"111 1111', Ii,,' Ih!' }" :111' dd'llitl' II ) (lit
n:lrr:ilol" , .,-:i \' ill.l!, illl ; ItIIl :II ;oll . ("lllin ill til!" 1I : \I I :llin' , ,,1 11 111\ ,I 1.111'1
j'loilll ill ,lt l' SIIII Y (III' :dltT Ilt t' Sl l ll y ) , tilt' I ,11I' ll li l 111 1111111.1 1'l" ill .L: '1"
alllit"ip;III" , or \\" 1' St T 1:1IC"1 tll , lI ' t ill ., id, ' Ih, ' '(II I ) ) III ':\.
c:\"' I1II1 :I1I )' III ; \( li ed Y '/, lod,l )" ti ll" ""II '" i , d" ' C' llnl ' (' 1, . II I ( ,," h l t k
Ih e slory ), (' . .I!" ill 1'11111;; 1, ti lt' :tll\f \ill " \11 ti ,t' d",IIt. " I ( :h ,lIllJ ', III III
11t(, 11I;lt r i ag(' oi" 1\ 11 Ic- <I t' S ;,iIJl - l.tl Il P , \\"L il It W( I ( (01141 10 ;1111'1 Ih .. !'ILII
o j" Ihe slor)", Till' 1"1lIlIl'lt'li\"l' plilit-p, i ., Jill .. ill :111\",11"1' a 1.111' 1 (' I1,\" j"
1111' n'IH titin' !,I o lc'p' ;s I .. ll s ill : UI";11I1 (' tll.11 \\dl he ,c' llItd
bIer,
LJll dtT 1"](' 1]111' 111"1', (;( ' lll"lI(' poilll '" tllIt 111 :1\ ' 11 11' ,Ill 1111 1111, (. \ \h.11
h appel1s OIIlT (Sill .l!, lIl:tlil"t, ) ; Of II lillH"S wlt :11 11:11' 1'(' 11 \ 11 lilill" l .th"
sillgll\;l t i \" (' sillt"!, s('\ ... ,.:11 " :tll J(' 1'\' ('11 1" :Ir(' (' : 11 It l illll' Ili id \ 1111..: 1) I: (II II
ti lll(,s \\" it ;1I h:IPllI"lI s 1111("( ' {1t"jll'lill \"C', 1111111 dilll'lt'lrt
or 10 It' p r f ' S(' UI "h ,); III !lilt"!' ,\h.1I I, '\'111'11 ' II IIlIl i"' ,' 1 h i,
b .q Il l' (";111" tlte i(OIl/il' f, II " "cd \ Ili !"! I ) \1' \ ! , I "111 , , I \"
illlroclIH' (' a ell: 1I : It'ln 01 hi s blllil ) , tit !"i, ,l lI d I mllllll' 11'\ C"1)
day ht' 1I" f1111(1 go ;llId l il l y Iri .'i P:\P ' I ), :01(1 il ih " '\ 11 " ' I h(' II I
FITIILII ( t i lt, illl l' nkn) , wlliif' Ellgh, Jr , h,l\ n t.,] .J i, It, d tl lt' I II ' .,
ati \T 1Ial ll l(" \\"i l h wll uld, /1\ (/ 1 111. 01 1, " Ill illll'" hk(' "/(1'/1. II,/til, c' lt . ,I II
ra rdy kc:!" p lit is lip \\" llhlllll :llIcI 111111 ",1\ 1
(11 '011 ,). ' I"h(" 1I 111 111C'1I1 IIi' the ;1 1" \1\)\, 1\ I 11',111..1' .1
110wl:l' l'r, wil h til(' //l/ .I.\ ( .I//II/"/" ill 11 {"Illh, alld \"1 IlI i 'IIl ' ,II 1.-. ,,, ill
ElIgli s h ( OlLt: d a y, tll : \I (' 1.,, ) . (; (" ' "I' 1'11\\ 1'11111., 1
III :Hk a P;l lli t"l ll :lri y rull :\l1d II l igill :" " "'" " I tI ... ill"l.lIi,,, (";111 . 1<I 'l i( ' I'
or di"n '/1"1 (;/lfl ll/llll(n. 1IIt'".,-:h ":,,Iil 111:11 , II I 11 ' 1"1"'1111 ,III
.wit in , all dilillt'I S,
Obl'ioll sly Iht' 11, :\(11'1" IS \"(' r y 111'\1 II ill \ ' , ,1 \" ("11 III :11 1 IIII' 11"111 1\-
.slrtln;o" or ti lt' '11':tI ' cndl"!' :11111 til(' !' 11I .t..:III.III\t' l1 :1 tlll(' Iii II II' C' \TII (':
all;d!'!, s!' s 1{,lld 10 I" XI'I.III1 I" I,i l' l, Id, i le- 1>111 11' 11\ ' " ,11\11 1' 1' Ill'
CXP(' ("(;llioIl S , :I S d"I " Iht" ilt I .l l i \"( : \ltl t I' SIIIIII ,hi llg '"I,t..: Ul.lli \l
O(' ("U I" Ii II' :I s tll ry III cx i.'I) . I I 11111 \ 1 I ll" ", lit! , 11,,11 l ;"\11' 11 ,'
1" ;111, ('1" los(' s .... ig h l .d Iti !. lI : tll : l\ t . , ,lIld \ 1"1 111\ III t1 nl ,d lC" lit.'!
tcdllliqllcs o ll j('("livt ' ly : IS t"1 Iitliqllt s. Tllj , i", IH' IIt:Ij " tl lll\ l (' vi d l' lI l
ul Hkr '11110,1, where" Itl' h<ls II IJthi1Tg \1.: 1)" Illl g ilL,d t il lie- .11\ ill .....
.' J '
:111 I "E I{ J:,\ r. .\:'\ II I II r. H. II /: J ( I J{ I C
./
mood illio di"':lIl n' ;\lul PI'I""IHTli\T. Hilt hi' cOII "idcr:dlly rcdllt'('.<;
BflPtll '" C!nllplf'x lI otion 01 jlllnic di\l;\nn' Il y IlIt'H'ly :llIalY'ii ll .L: 1), 1)('S
I dill 'n, ilul i rt TI. 1"11'1' illdlll'(' I ) :I\ ' lflldilig 10 l .. allll111l1;11
FI('"tlC- il " I yliq i n t lill' Ilflli(ltl 11("'1"1'(" j,ulil'l'\ ' 1 'i,ylt' I.{IWS h:lck I II Iblly,
1111'2, "I ('n'll 1'01111("1. :'" /,,./I(lt!n,J/, Nrdr, I I! K:d!"p .. ky. :1111 1 II: IS
IW(,!1 t lliit II <; lIulin\ d .- hi .. a"I"I1I1I1I fir dw.<: ,' i" Sll hlk
(!' tT ('kI P!I" 1'2 line ), Ill!' 11':1IIn\ 't" lI';\\i \'l' lllk' is II"i\e l elr,lio t1t ' ll.
Simi1.!l l)" 1111 pn<;p'-"Ii\(', III' .. iuqdy Cd I .. 1, :1\ ' " 011 l'Ollilloll SIT
,-h:q l1cr I'l 111'1(' ). It "illl I'lIIa IIt;H I1w n:ul:tln' ITIllrll s ,
t" \ ' Ilil I' dl";l1" ,,illl I Ill' 11:11"1 :11111 '" 1I :1I1 ;lli\' I' Illst:II\lT
fuot I II" 1"11111 " 1' til he I" llI dll"n l " ' itIL litl" Wlllrl"'S w l ili llg iIlS t:1I1Cc),
hl'filll", dillilll!, or : d 'll"I 1111" lold, :1I1e1 wiill 11:1II:1li \"I' Jt-\"ds
\,il iLi" :1111 1 wit h p nsoll \ :1 11 ,111 :1 101" Idling hi s O\\' Il
" lory 01" liI :1I 111 "I1 I1 ICOI1C i .r. ill Hooth ' s InlllS, 'dralll:llisnl' 10 a
: J.!lr:\lc l" Ilr In "I'1 d ("g r l"e) . ;\ lId \\hnt' tilt'lt i":1 \ ' oin' ti ll"l('
IIl1lq hr all 1' :11' h(" ;lI illl.!;. \ 1'1 nTI1 111'1'1', l in- 0 :11 1 :111"1' i:. \Try IIIII CIi
( .
illiplil it. all d w(, trtid III II'ad t C(,I1I"!!I' :1 11'1' 1111 11":\1 ;UTllIl"! ,
"fti"1l r nT:.iill .l!., IlI lt ', dl j!" I ' l i\' I"
RIII:lIH I Sf :: I tra IlS. is ti l" l i: :;' 1 !'- ig ll "r Ili s
.:: hifl : \\,' :1\ 1"1 1>111 Ih(' IIHlle lit.: i d IIr hi .. 1': lrlin
1H'lilld /I' . . , 1//(/1111' 111111/lllfdl' tin , ;ri/l, I!tl i li t. It i .. ;1 l('III:llk:t!,1t-
s tlldy, l illt" IJ\' IiiI!' III by 0/,1/111. I ll" Sallili/l/r, ;, IlIlI g
" hlll1 II.II /; I t". I\"d II 11I11 (" h ,1,lq' j" .. 011 111' 1I :tcln \
("11' : 111 \1' 1111", ;11 lillll"" , 111 11 11" : 111\"1' 1 lilli' dl ,111 CI"III'lIl"S, H:lldlC'''
III :I! III ("\cry n;III;lIi\"(' \\" 1' I II: r \" ILlI t! l i\"(' '('I Irl !"." , III
1"1111\' l"lIlillll<; tll :l t 1'1111( ti(111 :1 .. 1''(11'' 1'111111 t 111" 11"'(1 , III' 111 ;1\
C'(C1r"1"(' l1\1r 11I1 " d.:: 111 ;1 " llITil i/" w: ry. Thl" lil q \ \\' 0 ;111' ( Jll Y :lIldilioll ...
and I':-::t!ll l lk" ill ' qrr:ltl" 111 ;11 ki"t,, ):
I I ) "llrl' (mil' fll"IITII ( till' 1'lIl l' i li l ' :I1 , 'oi tl'} w hirll II(" 11111111
11I1I:lll"ly 1,:.11 " 'llIl' :li"II"II I" , Illlt I will Slil kIll :Jrti l lll tIHlt ' . ' 1'lli s
:<Ii g,lIal " . 1101 illq 111(" ' lilli' I jIlIlS' 111 :lIId 11111 jus l tht"
pllll. 11111 "npII'IICI"', gll' ;)1 ;\1 ld "llI:dl, Ihal sLI!"! :1l1d 1"1111 ( tkjl:lllllll',
jllllllll'Y, ;11 1 i":II : :111 1I 1.L:Y, il s ""gIlII"l Il S, il " !'Lltl: III hugh, III stll p
I:rtlgltillg: III :<I 1:tlld 1111 l il t' IIII" " llIlld, 1111'1111'1, 1'1i .), 11111 IH' I I S-.:t l"ily ill
IIIH' l" III1'Wt"lIl i\"(' Ilil 1.11,''(1 I llil :II "" sCll lnn\. .1 1 :1 tli\l;IIIII', I!\TI" till'
II"'i1. [1"11[ (''i:IIIII'I,', If/u'I/I In 1/ " !lI, , ill 1\Ii"h'illl"' s IIn' lIrs 111:111 )"
l i l1 l1" " ilL ";"il"ll 111 1111\ , 11111 ;d\\:Lys widl till" !'-,\lII I' 1111111 \11a " \ \' oldd
prl"ln 1I1l ! III' , :llId n l l"ll\lI " (' it
li,q 1111 till"
\\"illd,,\\ . 1' 1(" . , 1"111' ;11 tillll IlItil"
tilt' \I"XI: 01, k ss '>1 1 111"1111";\1,
tilll"" l ll1ld , 1.111"1 '1: 11 'lilt III' lirl"
i." !'-:1 itl \n I ll" tilt \lIin' III' (' .-": p(" 1 II 111"(',
l il1(' Ill" lea'\!
'. .,

;I
i
r.;
" t:
lil t: Itl t l , l tlKlt :
rn is l ann: Sl llet' we kllnw ( fill ' i ll s l alll.: c ) that a dllur wi ll k ' lI l
tu all (:lItraIlCC IIr (,Xii, and "r Ir:llL"glt, .. Ifr th i'\ ('xl Jt'{-
tatiltH C' III'>(' a fir al k,I !oo t a Sill pi i .. C', 1111 " h il It i ..
b:l .'\cd . I FrI"Qlll'LIIl y b y " simple 01" \' irwJlllilll at a c rtl cia l
1111111\( ' 01 , fill ill Sl:llln' \\ it nl I hll i tli K,II.1I1I.1 /II\ I III I11IIIlIg 11 IIr ..
window :11 Ili s blitn, ;lIld Il lt'II' WI' k ;I\T Irilll , , ,, IIt,11 till ' "h"ll"
1I 0"!'! ca ll pia)' 011 titl" slLspnlst' a .. 10 \\ 1111 killed IIld K ;II.LlTI ;II II\ ,I
(I't)1I1iqllt-' III1I CIl ;Ihll sn l ill liltll h)" s illlp!" I :UIII"I.I !> ir i l l, I' g .
lilt, LIIIIIIILS Shll \\" t"! ... ITIlt" ill ")IlhfJ . AILII III 111111'>1' Ihl"
ElIlIastir pl:!ys OIL Ihi s 'st"; llld ;d '; :r dlllll" (11'1'11\ ;111.1 JIll 11111" \i ... d,ll
(:OIl 1('S I II.
('2) " ht' htl/llt' l/n/ll r IudI' (1 1\1' \"1)11(" ,,(IIUlh l, \, irnlII).1 II I
CIlLg l lI:l is ("it l it:)" qll i r kl)' I nllh-cd Of i111111111 .L:lt l r 11I )\ 1jHlllcd 11) 0 11', 111\
Ill" p:II"li:d dda)"I'd :Jl IS\\Cr." I y illl-: :III\\\I'I !'-, I:d ... c' IllI n,
illlpli ci l hllt \";rI se sy ll llgi!,> T!l s. I n a 1111"11" (;tl i III' .111 tII I.L:1I1. 1 i ll
CVl'r)' lillI" , t' s peciall y al Ih .. alld n ' II :lilll ), ti ll' titll' ( \ ,hll
\ VIIlI III" \\hat Stlllllllllf?) , hili IIlml IlIilllll \'111gI11;1\ .111'-
a s \\t I"c-;HI, ;1I1t1 ;11 (; wh.lt Illakt, 11' ,111. \\1111 Ii
dCjl{'IHI UII IIl )"SI(,I)" will ex " III;1 till' 11t ' 11l1t'lIl"uti r I(lIk IUloiC' I It ,11I
nal"I"ali vl:S wbid l tic-pt'lId Oil il tll l)" , BIHI III '" d i!'>l ill l liPII . ,,1111 11"" )
\\'e.: wa tc h a (/' : 11 ;\1 11 ' 1 Illi s l akts IH' I' ,III St' \" . hllll\\ ' 11 1I11"11.1 1Ig
ht: dCl t'S II" kllow; \\' ilb Il1 ySII"l)" WI' ., 11:111" III , IlIi ... l.lkl :o, 111 '1 .1'1'1 ' \\1'
1 1111'( kilO\\, IlIlIn' tll ;11I III" dllts. ) T!IT" 11." "1 1 1iI-lnli\t '>1111)" 1I I1
iIl S(;IIH"C is 1I11t: IlIlIg j' x l'l clil;lIil1ll III" till' bl 'l 111"11 1 Illi l I I.dl . 111"11' tlLl1I
Oti l CI S, as is Ilt l" Llllla.'>Iic, :rlld:rs is, ill.1 "",Il-I"! \\",1),111111 Ii 111111,111111
fi c t ioll or \\ 11:11 lilt" FI 1'111 Ii r(';rl i:<l lit" SI -I \lIl r/ t ,ti led lire
I IIIIJ//IU"/1/f ,
h. li'lli 1" l" kl '" 1.1
o:pl:aill ;tli III Ilrt' 11";lI ln, ICtill 1 in.L: '; lI s l ll'II\1' til "I1IP'" 1\,1I1.lli\ 1"
SIISI WI\ SI' (\\" h ' ll TlCXI ) :tllli :1\l lid i Tl .L: 1.1 111' ,11 II
tip quickl y if ilLtrtldLH I' d . \
t wo c lldes al"I" "olh lil1l': lr ( ... 'III("lIt i : lI ) .llId ilT n l I "l.k.
11 11(' 11111 ticI':!1 1 IU' IIIII' 11111' jIlI LLIII')" ( I'i. t"JH 111 .III,d
(,psis, ("k:lIl y 111 : 11 k ed), :rlld Ih t' .J/ :t III P II"l) 111 11' 1 II ld Ill"
giv(,11 10 tilt" I(' ailn I,dill(, it is tld;I)'' \. Thl" 1\; \(lt"I kLltl\\ !'- tll i", ,I lLd
1(';It.: t s :I(Tll ldingi ),. TIlt' IIllu"I" thllT Il l( k " :"1" 1I1' 1l "'>I"II"l'lIli,c\ .Iud
ITvcr sibk, 111:11 is, tlte)" call IICCIII" all\w!rnl' :I"d i ll .lI l r I"dn . ' 1 Irq
an;: \. ' ([' 1\" I I,
(l:D! 1hl' ,I (//1 It 1II,f" ( liLt" 111 till" 111"1 \ 1111 ) , ,dil l II I '" ti ll"
\\"ay :1 el ' ;t!";II t,"!" is 1111111 ttl', 1III II1Igii itinllil :1I ' !,> I'I lit"'> , \11 ' 11111111111),
gl"acc, h e: ILI!)', wt":.i lh , lit 1\'("1" 1)" ll1i " lllil1, ..... , 1r: I,dll ,",', t IlIdl )" C II .)
Ihat (ulI vc rgc UpOIl ;1 jll0l'tT 1I ;l1lll' , 1,111 III' 01 ." 111 .1
.I '
, , .
. ,.
,. ' - I
;," '
," I"
': . I"
.,
IU
'pCIIlr;,i,', or lIu' I('XI,
the r il;H:lnrr. or (Ir IlOlh . Alld lint' 1110 Ih(" 1'(,;1111'1"
111(" ("1><.1<-, (1111 '1;lrll(' tilllo( hi " (1\\'11 vj"il'lI of' t il e cil ;lIa c II T,
<lilli-frill 110m ; IIIYllllr \ "i ll! (' rl1(' t" iI :lI:in("!' d o(".'\ 11111 (xi .. ,
(" xcr p' thlOllKh Ibnr l alld, it IIIU..,1 Iw .'l aid, throll g h hi s
ani n ll". \,Ii ie!. ;11 <;., t"C1I1<;tnW! hilll: .... ('T ;11 ,,11 {" II . 1, p. q.'",. and r ho 7,
for 11 1(" ! :lI1la"r ll :lIit ' ;1 <; 1' /'1' 1 II I thi s Pt o('('cI'J I('I
{"I I 1n, "/fI (lIll11/ ",,If ( Iilf' , ' o i ('!' or S( ' inHT. 411' ' IIi e hig \'oin' III"
.'1 111:\11 S(' j"lI c ("' ). thl llll .l.! h wh ic h till" ;\UdIOI (:11 11 1111'11' it il liw ;nlllllll )
lI S ir d llrtll: lli l1 l1 aholll tlw wildt!
111111 :11. (1I1t1l1" :1I ), o l lrll d in'c ll )' ill !lII l l1 ori: 1I rfl lll Il 11'111 , IlLlI abn in
.. , In ;111, 111('(li("ll1r, 1:1W, lili- i ll 1111" IIIO\" III1T ... ('IL The" ,'
rllllClioll lik(, e""p:l lldni ' I .i ft- , i ll thl" rla ..sir text, hCT0 11lCS ill
f:ln :"! (lr ( n1l1l1l011 a ." 1111111111 laY(T or
r("("('i\'("(1 idl";'''' ( H.lI d lC'" I Q7 1: TI l(' I cl(-,,' nli ;1I codr,
dni\'(' d h OIll hllok", C""'U:l ldi !' 1i rs 'f(' alil y', Inr m cullu re illlo 1\;\11111',
appr :d i ll .l! 100111 grlll' l ;lI kl1(1wlnll!(', 10 ;,,"11 lin I ('X I, tI':jti-(/JI/1I11 , alld
1\ ;11 "1:11"\ 1111\'('1-, ; \1 ( ' ":Ji d In 1,(' dill led \\' il h il (fllI/lllil\':) . H;IIIi1l' s ;Id d s
I Ii:"! I Ihe 1I111y W; I )' Ilu' 1(' :<:1 (;1/ 1 ', lili(j"lC lil s '1\\111 Sln"/ll y !'!" , '\' olllil
il tip', i .. dllflllKh iTCIIIY, hilI 111:\1 il OIl), i .. Ill/'ld)" .111111 Iter SII"ll'lIly p",
1':1114,1 I h(' I d('lCll l l: ,1 l{"k il apl " ' ,,h, ill 1' 411111 Si ll ll , 10 II II'
(111[111:-11 kllo\\lrdg" . 'III 1: 1('11111' 1"II 1111 1" ai ,"dl' (11"("lIpi,' s Id('
po"il;O" :l " "lLJ jlidil y : IIIIW CUI II(' p in llrd dow II
wilit Ol1( , It-cl:1I UIIC"""Cir I III\\" ( all nIH' ( ' O(I!- bl' sll l u'l iur
10 ;Il lIllitf'l \\"ilhoUI :l1111 .. i \,(' I )" d""illg "II' lil,' 1'1111:1lil )' "fl'HIc, .. !'
'l IJl i ). !III <;'\\/'l i" , olll y ill i'll/I(I( ( Wt il itlg, ;11 [I lt' 1 II od \"I II
III III/':,,/t/ll(, .. ,' ,' below fi ll' IN/rln(r/lI'liln(I' 1(' :<: 1"),
1'.1 ".,\\ "!'I" ( l'I i I ' qH ) lit' I h :l l Iht' 1'1111 1" 1;1)11 til' ril/lI/1 r ' 10 Ill;,k!'
I
I i li l' Idoll'. to lIu' JlII\\1'I" ( Ihe illlil11id ;l l illll ) "f 41 11 1' .i.II.lgU;' .L;1'
O\" 'r ! \ll o tiwr , (0 .. ol\"(' : 11' )' IIH't:d! lIlgll:lgt' !I " "01111 ;\ S II IS {'till
1\\'1' ;1I1'!1 1(lIl ,L: w;ty froll l BOlll h , ;1I 1t1 Ihi s 1"111 1 .. "I'
ilOIl), " ,ill q ' (' 1II 1I1I":lIi "I;1I I.IIY to AlIgllI-I\lllrr;t"all t' rilit' s Wit ll ha\' l'
d Ol I(' "11 11111' II , !lllqd!' ,x Will k nil i l. h01l1 lit!' li t'\\" ni li r i slII UlIW; \lr! s,
' J 1tC' 1!' i .. "hI'! all :t :" ('11"(' i ll \,hi l II t'\Tl ylhillg ill a lext appc;d .. Itlilk
r(' ;ul l'l'" kllfl w kdL:(' alld rnogllil; oll Ill' i I, !II \,., ry i tlg 1t- v,' ls.
11 "\\"('\"("" 1, lbl [11( .. .. ;11 " \'('ry 11'11'\' ;\11\ I I) III Odl' lli wri lillg,
:llll i ,,11:"1 I II idly 11' 111111 to li lt' q llrst;I, ,, til' il OIl ), III Ill )' las t
( 11 ;1 (1[('1 I
1:11 ' / Ilf Ilmh,,!,r I nri, ( l ilt, \' tlilc II I' l i lt' s)' ll lbnl " ' ''ie ll S(TIII S
III illll "ly (' iTt 111.11 1. ' I h i" i" pnll !!!,s Ii;" Iliosl \\'I'i llll )' idi u\}"' I -
c r:llil (' nllc-, lor I T(' rrdlll"l's iI, ill !'Ili-n, to tlllt'{ ' '{'lI lrin' III 'rolill's'
111 1-. KII EI,IKI, ;
11
i lli o iI, w ilholl t , '\Tr quil l' ('xp laiuill .l!. wha l Ill' 11 1(,;11 1, I I)' !'o)'III I Jld: I II(
ff'lIrlfllllir H/IIl,. ", hie- Ii di snlV('IS til(: di ' ;'1'1 I1' ,lralln' 01 .11 1 t:t l..t', III I ('lit y;
III( 11111" IIf ((/.IllfI/IUI/ ( :t .. iI sYlll hlJ lic p" )"t" hil IllIe) , wltit Ii IIi".
Iht' p;ul(I(,!lli,' \"uid "I' :t ll .j Ihe l'.dl.' I"l' of [iI ("" 1 I ":1 II\" (", .J
cllalll ( I,,,di, s ;l lI d \\'11 1 ks J: ;111<1 {h, rll({""w/lolilr. " Tli"l 11\ ('I S tlt t,
o/' { illlln / llilll'( , kIHi llillt/ III ,I'41t1i lll '. 4' 11 ' I,
' II I!' l "I4IlIgll lilt, \\"; 111 (,I 41 1' 1" " 111" . 1111' ,tI ,.,I III.11I "I dllln ,
('11("(" '2 1:1). ' 11111\("'" ' t "' 11I I" ' I ft',ilu. tll y I II
.\'(11;(11;111', which is 1111111 \1" III 'qllCM' II[ llig 1,11111 II H' ')"I nlltolI4 , IIILI -
1111'("" "I (";\\1 1;111 011 : 11111 !\ l'iI) .\i (;1I t:"II,lli,," f ,1 \l11'1, III O - i,I\II"''' ) ,
(ngt tl lt' .. \"ilh llle' SUCI"" S<; all d 111"111' .<; 1IIIIllgilI II ) lill" I.llIt'I I\.II till "
;""" 1II:lk(,,, all illlt' lt 'Slill g <li q illl t iul. IH' I \\ c' , ' 1I ',11;11.14 In ' 1 ' 1"1 II il
, . '.
code), :l lld ' li glllt,, ", hi .. 11 is:
11 111 ,I 4"11 111' 4' 111 1,111011 III' "" 111"1'111 1,11 ".1 in .i It" .t.! ,d N, n,'. \I'll 1 .1"
"' tiuli' t' It'"II'I' ,I\, tI' i, h .11 1 dl .. IIIII W' \"'1.11.
:tnat"ill ll ll iqjl ' i'lIl tl i1-:III:tlioll "I Idal. "",I" I" ,I,. '\lIti".lU
fig",,' is III''' I' II ' IC' ' } .. " .. \i l ,!t-, il .all lit' 1I' .hl ill .lI i ) tl lI" , II .. II . II . .. ,. d,..
t' hild \\".H"11 alld 11 14" 1t .llla l, " ('111.1'1 , '!lIIltH' III,u d ) dJ.HId. ' 11 " ' IUIII .
Clil u\I"akt, till' "1'11"1' '' \1"11 '".\1. ,llId II!!' 11.11 ' .1111' ,1.' \1' :\, , I ",ul",I"
i deal ity. tilt 1 I.ar"l"Il"I h.I S 1111 ,\I "' ''1.1111 ,d .. 1,111.(01\':. III ' 1. ,1\
110 N:II.It' : It. is hil I ,I ,ill' I", lilt' I' . "!I ,d IrHUlI 1 " I II ,,' In:" " .
( I liBI.
\V"alnTI we 1I1!l y Ihi nk ' lf H,l rtl u's 's I'Hln.t ':' ,I",.,I Y, ( H III I" It"
(11 1)' 1' ; 1111)" 1111" iTt ' o(pli(itly III !'o [lIltll ll" Iti :- lini n ill[II .1
SYSII' l1t ) , h i, huok ; 11 1 ('XI ili ll .t.: I' XI'!' I (l'lIil' i lL 'I" ;"hll.t.:. tol 1.ItI '1"! 111
u PIIIII/,e., fill il ,,:\ t"llIl'lilin l itl llll ,t.; !t OIl I IIJ . 1111 \\ \\ c-II , I.. 1111\, \I eI' \ lilllli l '"
11(' 1\\"1'1' 11 1111" ' 1C' ,lI lahl!- ' (I I I/hit ) II" XI, \, 1,1. 11 11 111' I(' ." b .llI d
(iIe {lIn/ ,11 M" 11 1.,,1('111 1":\1 , "I,i ," I lIdJ...n 111l' 11".ltln 11101 ,I
('(l II SIIIIH'I' 11111 .. I"tldll rl"l" 41 1 Ihl' II' .XI. l{ il"il.ttd f\ l dln 1
1
'1 7 1) 11 ,1\
Ihl'S" 1, 'nIIS ;1 " ,,11110(,' ;1I:d /t"1/1"{I, " hill, IlI d ll.llIll )
avoids Iht: 111(11' (' ("'/ 11 '111411\ d i'lillt' li "ll " ,.td.d,Ic/ IIJ1 I1 ,lIl. tI , k , ti ll'
I'(':tdl"l's (' n ' al;\'{' InJ.- , '\' 1' " 11I!'''!'1I1. I'\'{'II Ih. I, ' d tll nl. ," lit,
.s hows, ill I I II' 't'!" ,., i, , ' tt ' :\1 ( 1(, ;l1 ll'1l y), II I II p.1iI'll \\ IIIt Il lI' IlI 0dn"
\\' lil ': .I ), I,xl. Bill :.1I1' ,X I.', h,IVl'IILi s 'fl' .I , i\{' ".It' III It'd II I I Itt'ltl , il
It ;\!' silllpl r IW"II d(' vd"pnl 10 .1 l i lll'!' all ill t!ludl'! II " ' 1 i;ill .L: 11 1'111 t.:
"ref1I U' S", li lt, S lllldt'lll"l ili ", tI illin ('st ill ii, , '\' 1' 11 ii , . .1,1 ", III " II) .111." > ' I'd
ill "bssi, ' I "'Itlnl y I ,'xl!'. ,
SI<:' a lso s ILuws hllw " l' \TI :II I all II(' 1)( (' .' i' II [ 1:1 tlllt' ' , ' nl , ' ln t'
(pllll".tl il)' IIf \' l lien) , OJ (111)' 0 11" ill .1 H illd. ' 1',11,lgl,ll'it. ' \11.1 111...,
Fr }'l"s Ii\'(; IlI odt'S (sec t:h. :J 111'1111\'), Ihey (':til ht' lI,dul t il gnu". il
.,
,
"
I II r. K t: ,\ I. I III'. R III. I C lit It:
Iy pology: I' l"rt;'till I YI'("; of 11:11 \\' illl'x p lilil 0111' ('odr. ilion' t hall
J :1 l1l1lhl'l ( Ih(" Il"Ii'I("lIli;\1 rode ill I (';lIi<;1I1 I; ,r ill s t;\lI l' t' , o r Ih t' 11t'l'
1I1('III'IIIil' i ll till' drlrl li\'{" !'itol y), nl' "killi dl y ( Ih(" rl'iiT('Ilt ia l nll k
10 pil"t'f"" ill li el ion and 1011\;111('(.' , sn : ell . '1, p , 1111 , and
t"il. !I. I'p. : 1.11 11 't ill' p ;n :dlcl Slll l y' o r Si lllil :l1 l y b y!'
111:11 "fI 11 If' 111 S l1 akrs pC' :\I("s nllll n l l(, s hOlh 10 I ht' high
Ill i l lll' li . :11111 IIII' 1 1l1ll;lIlt ' ( ' Il H.( \t-S. or Iha l it is IH,,,,,i hlc 10 c'(';u l , l lllm!)'
n,,'/ L1rfll 'I1 ('" 11111 II ll l y ;1 <; 11:l .l!nl)" ( high III l l1l1' li l' ) , 1, "1 ;lIs lI, ir
r
Wr' :l k(,lIi lll.:i Y' ;1" 10111 ;1111' (' ( ;1 111\'(' still}") Ilf ;. S 111 )'111 , So Ib rll H's ...
I"lId"" ; \1 1' ;11 ,, " :l q ll l'Sl illll III pl t' d lll ll i1l; 1t 1!" " ill : \l ly Olll' II 'X I , hIli
;tiH'\T :llllli ph l r :!!il )'. I s l1:dllJ(' 1II :,ki llJ.,!. SOIi H' II SC' III' Ihe' 11I ill {"il:'1l\t' f
: ' . {Oil 1111' !"lIt lukd rr :ulc 1' , ,,illl Idin.It T ( 0 sn"!'l';d lexl " .
:\IIIIIIIn :11'1110:\1' 11 to tlil' rl';ldtT tha t or 11 :llI s- l{ o hl ' ll , i ; UI SS's
;\I .. lIlI"li c" CII" (,(T IIII (III, tholl ,c.h olhers , li ol ;tldy I SCI" :tlld Ib rald
\\' I'i ll tll il ( w l 1<' " ' ' <;Iudy "I" lillie i ll Iht' 1111\'(' 1, I r;IIIS . i" a s
illl n ,", ill .1.! :1" (;",u' I 1c'\ 1 ;lls n fill' TlI P ;\1 t 111'1111' gloup .. J" " SS .... (c lI l r :.I
II"t i"II , 1;1" I' XI ' HlIIHkd i ll hi .. :lll il"lt' ' l . it{'r;l1 ), hi s \(JI), :IS a ch:dlc-IIJ.,!.I
Ic , litl' l ;Il Y is Ihal or 'hOI I/.OIl S u\" (" x lH'l" t; ltiuII S' ,
whi, It WI' 11 :1\' 1' :Ih" :l dy ftll1("liillli li g ill (; 1'1 1('111' ( ('.g. 11\ 1110-
k l'''' 'q :1I1 d ill B : IT tlt l'S ( (' ,g. tI \I' aClioJl ;\lI c! ht'f ll lt'! lI'lIl ie (' otlcs), Bill
fi ll .1:1l1"" lit (' 1I0l i oll i ll t'illt! CS :,11 ("ot/cs, n"IIII :II , 1'lltl(':I1, ;\ S \\' 1'11 ;I S
"pccili(";dly Iii ('I :11 y, ;111(1 l i ln :lI )" f'XIH.TI:l li llll s 1'; 11 1 III' I (I li st'l l 1101 only
Il y Ie . tlH'l1 ll". ;\11 1 by II Ill '" or I It I' 1t'l"illl iql1cS n:;I III -
ill l'd hy Cell(llt III; III S(. :l 1l ;lkl's i ... I'lL :11"1' all rt'clIg lli s('( 1 as
!'illch II)' till' I l'ader. \\" Iltl till'" I:XPI US. S:I)" a d l' s nipl iull , or i"li,,.
111:111011 a hlllli thl' 1';1 " 1 SOIlIl IIII' III elliS, suc h :to; Ihl'
plllpn1i-1'I 10 1 :11I :''''l' s i ,,)' IllIt ;Iho II )" .t:(JJ'{ ( glIH' li .. t' x l' ('t'la li ol1 ) , :111
: ' '' 1)1', ' 1 I 11 :\\1' 1\ 11 1 YI' I I"PI'I'I I)" luudln lllil 1/1 11 w ill dl"; " \\1111 ill
clUI'H' 1 :1111 1 111 11 (,1" .
T hn ,' h llli/.II \1 <; Cil :lIl gl', 11i ;11 j".;\ II Hlti C'll1 Ill' a P:I sl \\, u l k
\\ ill III' II i 11'1"1"1'11 I !i' 11I1I a 1' ( 1I 11(,1I1POl :1 1')' tll1l' , :tll d IIII' l ask "I'
Nr .:rl'/,,,,nc.rlf/l1(hlr ( h iSlfll)" "I' I ('('('plion ) is 10 re('l lll SI I" U('{ III(' hili i-
,,1 " xllt" 1:lIi llll\ :11 till' \;1111' " I' t h t' \\'111 k\ l'"hl;t":l\i cl lI, :111( 1 Ilnl s
I .. I I;\lil"y ti ll' dilJ"cI"l ' I\1 "1''' 111'1 \\'('('1\ 1111' l'a" l ;lIId II. I' Plt'S('1I1 \('I ": P l ill ll
nl ;1 ,," II lk . ' 1 1\1' I!'t" oll'>lrllt"l l oll ,. :\ 11 11 .<; 1' I' Pt il , "t liIl Si!' all d illl!"i .. <; i c
inl ll llll;ll ill ll . 1 I1l1lq :lI l lIli l Iltal I (";lI l SIt \Tl y little dilk" ' IIt't', I' X(' I'PI
ill tl ll ' (lI (" l i(:d " .l! llIl l , 111'1\\"('/' 11 I hi s or . ! ;III SS ali t! ti lt' \'(' !" ','
I ' 1Ii l';"11I I \\":1': 1:ll lgltt a l fir s t lil l( lllIl l
thl' :1I 1t1 H IT' " '; 1I1(1I 1; 0 Il S'. hi" h is llll i, :.! :111" soc ;;d Si lll:l\i l lll, Itis
, .. blioll" hip Itl (11111'1 \\'01 k", III ("111 11'111 kll ' l w\n\gl', (' 1" (' I c., :1 1111 1! 1I1y
ii II' ll gin' O\\'Il judg1l11'n t (' I'I"I SII II:I\ d l ilSi oll s' wOllld prtlh;ti Jl y
J.:1\'t' 111'''" II I)" IIIIC1I 's " llI d s ).
1111 . 1<111.111 1-(11 .
1\
11 11\\,(,\"('1', lit e Ilglnll" IS il1 l(l ol'''"''. ;lI It I l Ilt' \l lI l i" 1I I.,
eX;IIlIi lll' II ,, l"Il :llI gn ill IIl1d('r s lalltiill g l ilt' 11 '; 1(1.-1 ,/lid .1II t111 11 1 .1' i .. illJ..:
1"1"11111 1"1 11111 1'; 11 . plll ilic ;t\ alld <;lIl'i al 1' 1.,\11.1.: 1''' , :1' \\1. 1\ 11./' 11 '_
wo r ks "1'1)('1I 111 J..: ill d lt , !<i .lIIlI III l l"d hilI 11'\(' ;\1, 11
dill lTI'IIt1) ( Ill' 1101 11, ,I \'(, d al :til l. Hll it It i .. r.I' 1 il1 :1 lillt..: " u c!
pl,,I\C l lIlt IIUII. 1\ 1,11(' d,t!lj " II <; IIt ' ,I"q h 1'\ .,111. 111\ (' ,. .. , .
of lilt lI otillll, ill till" :-('IIS(' I lta l il i .. tilt' tll.\I: 11I1 I' I'C ' I\\I"I"II IIII' I" .. i / llil
til' 1' :\ ! 11'1 l al i lltl " ;\l It! tl u' \\'11 1 k w lt il II clllt l llI i . ..... tl,, .I,li .. 11I It ,I\'"I ' III
" l ilt" Wil l k. " " 111:" 1 "i :-I: IIIII' 1111':111:- tlt:11 ! i uk tI , 1I, ;lIl cI 111 ,1<1" " II th, '
I .'" lil'l I II I !, ; llI gl' IlIlI i /.tI"". a g lLl1 d . 1;1111 " .qll'lll"" III tI ...
.n !lglli .. ,t! ' , Id ) )'1': " " ' I) tln, ltlc ' 1.11'1 II lIt " .. \\, . . ,11
kIlOW, t hing,<; :11 .. 1t .1I !<i ll s il1lp!!' ( II I' I.i l i, :- "j 1.'II II ' l lIj'tI . Il Y \\tl lk ..
wlndd 111" \"1"1 11I "ke IIli ' ldkl '<;,; I II 1'11 1 il , I .. ' I .. ,.J I, J III , I I "",k
111;11 ' \'\"1'1" yo l\(' I:tl k s :tiHIIII ', I., 11111 'II'''JI/'(II ' 1,.111' ,11111111 1'1'
I "'\' I " : 1 III" :1 Il oo k 11 11 (j il l' I.tlk ... ,1 1111 11, 1/11" 1,',(1) .1
11l is t1lu it- I:- II Hlti 111 :1.\11"11'1('("(' 10 lit' :tll t! 1. , 11' 1 ill", rill" I " l llIl " I d
'li ll'l:I IIII(,' , As SIIi(' illlilll 1\\'1,11 :11 ", 1 I "lIltIH'"" " " ,I" ,
(' .... . ,\ ) 1''' 111'''
11 111 : ' II .<; "1'111 " 1''' III'I"i; llI ), d ill lt llh III 1lI" k e :- lIcll,l C\"'.II \1111," 111
t'lJl lsidnilig l i lt' 11C1,,, il/i1il ) ' (If d!/lo , 11/ 11I11iltlil " CII 1' .' 111"1 I.l l ic'II" 1 " ,
{" Xi Slillg :JJl lIlI lg d i llt- 11"1I1 J'l dlli n. ill .1 l!i \ 1"1I "i.-I" , 1111111 .. \ /, .wel
!:tItT s ilt "\TIl diJi l'l"l'lI 1 pll l lli; .. \\ illllll 11' ;,' '.l l1dl( l1 C(" ' 11 1"1
I'X:l Hlpk Ihl ' .Il1dil III T Itl 1(1\ .' 1''''-11 1'' Ilt'ill ,t.: Il i ll l"ll ' lI l 11,,111
lit e :tuelil'lIt ' !' .. I' lilt' ( :111/ 11 .1/111 iI,' Nolt/lld, ', 1ItI '"III-: " \I 11' .1\ . .1 "" h ,,\! '
111'('11 tht' :1 llciil'lltI ' 111' .<; 11 1111 .. 1 ti lt' !\ ;III II" \\II . k, 1 . 111 1 II c<l '11 11 ' th.1t il
was c1i1krl'llt, hil i lit, tll ;1\ i l 111 : 1) . it i .. I, .. I" " ' j ' iI ,, CIIl. ... l1l1l1 III
Itlotll'l ll \\, . 111 ; 1)' le;ld , I CI)'I" I' ( \\ 1, 11 I, ;tllcl il ' I" I' Y \,tl i 11111 ) . litH
f : 11111 i I ' II t"t'
d illi ' l I'll
\11 11 1,
11.
s l lilin ( \\' hid l ;11I "i l' lIll ' \'
(" II' ., ;1111 1 :dtl ltlllgit \\1' 111.1 )
1111111, ' il'I'" I llIill '
irOll l tl ll' \\:t } :l1ltli t' IIII ' I. 11 .It! .. 11."11'. \\t' tI ... , ' II l\t ' ..
'j lli II , I . l it : . I" 1"I 1: li" (:\ I I' II t. \\ ' . Ld"II.l!, ill 1.11 I . III 1 ... lc ...
lil il'i l. II .S 11'1/11. It l d ill nl" " t 11 11"1 111 1..1 1\1 , .11 11111'1111111 ..... 1 1'l i l, . ' I .
w lti !"!1 11111"111;111' :11 11 1 o \ n l:tl"
t'l1I111I '(' II' <I w ill. Il li " 11 111;" 11 t ill din I, IIc, t III 11111111' \11" '. '1
il (" ;1111 1' 111'1; ' 11'/, i .. tilt' 111(' 111) II I ,\ l i kll.,iI B.l kl. l ill f I q ! CI . , 11.111 .. .
V, \\' ho 11I ;lk .... it cliqilll lillil 1 ... 1\\(c1I ti Ll' d l ,d"'I.!,I1.d 1 " 1
phllll lt" ) IItl\l"! ( 1),,!\ l tll '\!\ k) ) a li t! I Itt ' / 1., ..
d Ol' " 11111 ti l' 1"0111 "1' 1111' : '11 ; , ,11 1\1' 1 ill .li.dllgn. .1 " 1>1' 1''' '1"1 1 III .1 ... 1\ 1'1
wIlh 11 11 III Ihl' di.dogic.t! \lc.\ "\ 1\\ 1, 1,1, 111 ' I I . ' " II." k .
hi !\ itll; ("; t! l y. III tilt' (. lIlIi \ :d ;1 1111 ti l II II' ". Illlc l . 111l' .
:111111111" rdi lsn It l 'ddil ll i ,' Iii .. t"lt :. r ;" 1" 1" . 1" 11 .1\" 1111' 1. , " 1 \\ ",.1 Ci ll Jt ) -'
lilt'III, III fi' l" 1";\1 Illaltl "!" 10 ddi"li l " i l" .... 11 ( Iii III .. kl' ", k,ll 'H III \l '
Iii" !\I: tl llh', :" Boolh \\l Hll d .<; :' )" 1 l !I'lI t t' Ilt l' i lLllllt ' lIl (. III
-I I I III : k 1..\ t. " ", II I III : It 111.1 11K It :
1111 I11l1tinll ( F;lIIlklll' r, S;lIralllt', ;11111 IIlh e r s). Nil
[
1ll:"1 i", {"VI'!" n ;;u ' !lr wil;\! ut luTS think hilll , III' ('\' 1'11 \\h:11 Ill' II ,ink ...
hilll q- Ij 111 II!" :11 all Y 11 11 1" 11\ 11 1111 ' 111, 1111 111 :111 1'\'1' 1 'nlillcilks wi th
lei ,,11111(' wilh ""I1t1J("r'" ',\Ptt!' I'll hil il . All d this dlll' sl'"
al'l'ly 1W Old) 10 lhe :lIlllIor hili to tilt' I" \' ; II ;I('I('I'S. ' I ht' .. 11 :11 an ('I'
t OIl \ I ;J llil y III 1('\' 11 1, ;'R:lill <; ' hi ... ( 1\\' 11 allt lun's It' lLtl r ll cy 141
,iI'l i lllil hilll, ;\1111 1<; h ;I Villg a nlll Sl all! 1111'\;III' :,,( ll1al di;llngu(' ( ilil'
plil ii, Iwn,,' !'" lIu' 1;111"\. ill 1' :,,"lI y III 111 : IIIY Ul lin IIU';lII S, ;l1I :1I )' sl'{l
III Ihkhlil1 's 1'11 . .-, 1'111" ;11111 j ,lt hilling tile 'illtl'lpl'lsolI :d
1i-:lIIlIC' " I 1III" II 1i lllll ' II 1':" lin :1" : \ 111 1"1' 111 10tU" ' 111 or wilh
Ihc' :tulhol , wil h !I ;III"dl", w ith :111 i 111 :1.1-: i 11('(1 II II!!'r, (1\' ( ' 1" awl :l1ll)\T
:Ill y tll ll ' l Illillu: 11 lIi :.!I )g ll!" Ill" III :IY 11 :1\'(' \\il1 l n d 1l"1 I" h:II:I("(CI S. TIle'
di:dlll.!,it :11 II 'X I ;1 11 lC' x l, il':lvilig t. ha ral ln s
:llId titl'il il lt-lll ng it' " 01'1 ' 11 ' ('1 1( 1('(1. Tht' 1lllIlIldngic: 1I lI on l , 1111 [he
nllll ' I" 11 : 11111. hll \\'{"\ ' c' ! l ' Olllpll'x, ;lIlcI h ll\\'t'\'t' l 1I1;1 11Y dilli'l l'lI l \' il ' \\'-
I'oilllo;. '":IY III" 'WI 1';11 " 111111'1' . i" ""I; I' lI l i:,lI y ("'lilll;11'I 1 II )' tI\I'
; 1111 hOI' S I (l1I11 1. 1I ;,,).! PO\\..- I . ' 1 1111 ", ;,11 III tl1g h i I " 1'1'10", \\ i lit i Is liTq 111' 11 1
/;,ilhllli l'ul1l :lil t1f sllcit'l), 1111 a 1:lI gt' 1' :111 \';1 " . dO"I'1 10 '1(';11;1), ' IIt :1I 1
III(" d i ;d ugictlIlCl\'I' I, i l i .. IIllil1l;III'I )' 1II0lT 01 :\11 :1111'1:11' 1. al 1111' salltl'
lillI{' I.!,;\illg Iht' 1(';uIC'l ;t fill al i!'ot'l l pll'lllll', it-lIillJ!, hilll ali ""I" it
,,:, .... i \ (,1 \' .
B.lk"l i " \\. ;t <; 0111 ' or tit(' .. i ;"1 jIlI" l - (:llid ; \lll i -) F II II Il:lli", .. , \\ 1111
h;)d III ' d; \:' I'[lI';I I" ror 11 1; 111 )' ( II)' ;"llIlilli sll:lli\'(' t' .,i le- III "
" 111 ;,11 IIl1in' , ,, il ), ill HILI illl111"I1(,(, 1i:IS IH'(' 1l illllllllI .. (.
:I IHI "\" ' IlIU;d l y III 1111' ]l ' f' '' (,111 ' 1'al l l1 s('linnl 0 1 o f
\,hi, II YIII; \' 111'11 ;111 i" ti ll' 11I' .. I - kIiIl WII ( ." pllllnl i ill til(' \\ ' ( 'S I
'/ 1" 1,,,,,//111' fI/ (/11' tlfl/ l fl( In ' ;11\( 1 Ill a ll ), ;11111 Ie,,) . :IS \\'..11 a s BOI is
/I'"lfl,1 fI/ f'l1I1I/If"'/I"" 11:1" ",
(11111' 1 \\' (' .. 11"111 "l'llIiolil'i ;III " 11 ;1\'(' .qwlinl 11' ;ldaltil;ly III ; 1 !lillie
1I111ald y 1' 1" 1111 ' 1\1 " ,," dl :1" 1I'IIIILld:L1llil ''', ill Ihl'
\1'11"" II q ' " It y i 111'111111 :11 il.1I I h l'ory; I hal i \. lI' I It'1 i l iOlls fi ll' dl(' 1'11' :11
In I 'p l i oll "I ;\ ck .. "ill III d l"l llI h:IIII 'I'; or. ill
IiI" . 1111" It'J lI'lilillll til ill:I (Tltt' .. .. h,
,1\ 1,11111' pllll ;t\ IIl :lIkilll.!, lIn pf'lill'l Idln "",1 jnl ic', ), a 11111; 0 11
lillgllis-
li n )
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11 : \1\ \ ]10 ... 1"11- III 'he II'JH' lit ill ll 01 ;1I111'1I1 :"iIl1l ill 1I :1I 1,lli " I ': or II.I'
iliin pl'l ",,11:11 1I1( ' lI lillll('( 1 nil \' . '[S; 1,1 1111' I II lIl lill 1l Itl
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liulI :11 III (;,ill' III Kn' II:1I1 l l lltl l('llll Eeo. li ll'
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whi t Ii Ib tllLl :llld ;1 !t:lppil y 11111 IIIL:t!l'l'Il i llg 111 :ll'Ii('(1
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'I t:llql l il'l lill d t .. iidl' IIIITI.
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1':l g .... til' (,'I/Iilltl a fi- w ) 1' ''''' :I go (' Tht' ,illl ih "I 1'1111 . .11 \ 111' ,
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rtad i llg. liti s i ... dlllll" I",,. I" .11t III'
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10 lilt ti l" 11111 III ' ;, \ Itldl" I 1"'\\\, '1'11 1\\ 11 I". , I' "
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:li slI SIIJc.:i ll lal1 ( 1!11I 1I : 17). 111 11t ' 1 ,\lI IIIIII I. r!
111
I III. H I. ,\ I. ,\ :"111 I II E I{ III: I () I t:
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11 :1I1".l'nrllu,d, alit! :11 1 ill IlI r 111,1.::11111" \\{ lIld ; \1 (';\ "'t d Hluillg. a
1Il:l<.lcr , ;'I lid ,III ;\1 111 lIIas t!T ill\'okes
ill1l"1 pn' tati llll. ;\1\ adaptatioll which all Y tll n ' i o llS
alld '1'11 11' 0<;(" : 1\(' II ct t'ss;t,i1 r t lllSI"III C'd and ('\'('11 ,11,111 -
n :lIn!' INil'l/ 'whe, tr ;I II S. 77 H). ,\nd shl' al "l1 qUOit' S a Inier
S('Tllelln' tl y 11 ;11 1111 ;111 \\' hirh <ldill(,<; dlc 1"lIjlTI o f 111' 1'-
1111'1\('lIli, , : ' ( )11 ito;; nldl'r fUli ctioll nf s:I\' illg the II' XI, or t), i ng il once
;{K;U II 10 I h(' l ire 01 Ih l' Illi llti, IS SIIPI ' ! illl po:o; n l till" IH'W on, o f
duuln;II!:, I,y;! p:1ll1tii " lic o r playrnll1l tl \ T llu'IlI, 1Il;I " tt'f t1,, 'ori,':O; lil;1I
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I ran' III dllllll1 \\' h r dlf'f ( "'Iinly) pluto/illll C; UI lit ' Iill lilt'd', alld
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w ; \<; :! IIll l't l ilyillg t III' 11 11\\"('\' 1"-, tilt'
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anything tll;)1 w{' \\'o ldd :H'("OIlIlI :\ " l il(,I; II ), :lI d l tdl" .. ;.!
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III E I( l ll, I 111{ !t : I I
1101' tilt tlnllll'tlltni,, "i )o I' 11111\111,.1' . E.I' It '''111.1111 '.
l ... 1 ..... lIy "i ,lt i" i" dl , i:. it"' 11 11<l I Ii 11,,\1 .lIttl 1'. 11 .1\1\1' ' 1111"
tlc" Wl.\lrtIl1iIJUi,( ' II11laln:. tilt' 11I'I' .1111 1 \j , I' ,, ' 1.'.1. i\ dl1i""1
is all i"al;I II ;lItIt 1"1'\1'111 " wi (lti ll (h I i.lnlT,d 1,,,111 lit "unll'
and ill lilt I I ilil i'lll , 01 11 7,
Till: ill fa l l , ha, hlTII 0'1'1""1"11. 1111 :lddll ''' I .
Ilt l atldrl' .<; \ IT, IHI l"('k" 'IIt ' C, 1111 ol tl y i 1'1'1 l. . tJ " I , .1 I 1111 I. It I J
and it vasl 1l Il' t;I!:ttt g tl ; lg(' , w hi l It i .... d(,('\, : II"I II I), 1., \1;\11 '11,11, 1 I II' IIIII' :
' I I il 'y :t t it- Illi' lalaltga gc , 1'111\ , ll'lilll i:' Iill'u II ICIII. il 1\ ' ) .1 ",1\
<\'1\11 11'(' til' l 'I\ tlllI" (It ;1 ,\ vi\lI lI ) I'"! II
(hl'll l1illg 1)1"1 1 id;I ) :
\\'hal 1)1'1 I ida' :\ nlltt III , ioll C 0111('", til i, tll,ll III/ 1'1 I iI .tlll " I ' , Ill
It a \"!' ;1 cll"I lll1ill.II, JIll I it " ' I 'U,, III "'" 11 1.11 I k l llt l.l 11' .11111\ tilt,
Ii )' a w lt il lt , ill i l s "" II W; l r, j, II .. I. '" .1"1 1I'1L.l1 ' 1I I "" .111
II li gin, a 11( 1 ("lui , ;tlttl "hi, II is 11" 11"\ '1 .-iI ' " I"gll. l r
tilall tI,, ",, 1\ ' l i"III1IItS ti l till' . .I \,\ 11 ' 11 1' ,1. ,11 I ... " ' I ' I, ,,
til tin 1JI1\1I11n . III ij.(in .Il lt : .1\1' hi ' ,L.:I.II""" 1' 1111 "
II,, ' I It ' SI't! dl.II,,11I'1 ulll .'li l ' I," \, 1,,, ,, I ... 111\ !II " II ' I .. ,dl, .. "I'''1 " 111
I"tli ll'''), '\ '.tl lII II I I' SI" ' I it ' lIl I' ill SIII", II. II Ij.(. h '.11 ;l lg . ,11111 II lid ... ".,II.! .
i"", Atld 1'(1111 a 1"',,ill l1 ;II ,1.; \\1' 11111\1' til ,I 11I 11 ,L.:""I 1'"1 '
rllI !'. itl ll . F llr I h' l lida 's I h a llliln "I ., ' 1" .1... 1 n h,, , "-lttllWI 111 HllIlll
II 1(';1 II i IIg!'i ;111' I l'tllllnl III :1 IC':I , d, '" n l u, l.dl ,l . . 1 \t'1tlt, t\ ,11 .. 1 1.""1 .1
n ' \T,I ,,'latilll1 hlllll !> i,I: U 1.1 11[" 'U 111 1"1" 1' 111 ''' '' 1, 111 IlillL.: 11," 11 II"
\'"ill', il1ll"1l1l('1l II )' 1111 lilli' hI 1",,111111: , 1", .. d'"1.11I1I1.; 111 .1 "'II I
(1! 17h: UII
111 Iltt' IIc' :": 1 IIltllllH' 1 III (,'"lllId 1Ilr/llllr I'tt I.II.IILI .1 11.11 I.,
I brlil n , 1>1' l rid:t :11111 Kt'llIllId .. Ii ,,, It ll l ,ttIC' ,II I I1!-! ' tI", IWIII'!
o"vious C' III1S"quC'II(TS ol lilnl" 1lIllillll, 'lllIoIl 1111, 11"1' 1."111" "."
gOlld :I S :IItIlIIlI'l"1. ;Tlltl \ tllIlP; lI t 'S dn tl ll :. 11 til lilllll\11I I , II,, ' 11."1.111.,'
I'hl ' IIIIIIII 'II I1I1 : ir )'1111 ' (' 1' 1'. 11 ' 1'.111 .111 .1' II I til' nllld ,,111' 1\
enough il "1'1 111110 111111' :' IJlIlId \\i dltl1 l l ,I
I kt'llll Sl l tl l ' IIUll iSItI I' IIH' ,d), ,I Illgi l ,ti I n, lIll I II " 11111111 , 111 , /11.
l' c c kh:11l1 IlIg" S ti S 1;ltill"l" Itl ("(lIlll1I11.1I( 11 11 ''' ' lIl illlll I, .tlI , 11I1 111 ,1 11 ,' 11'
ol"t 'o llll X II;, .. 11111 III a ll) "i\'1'I1 :".l: 11 [:o. illl I' '1 1lt' Itw.lui II S .. I.1
si,l!, 11 i s Iht: 1l" :O; PtlI1 SI' t ll lii a l :o.ig ll ,lIl, tl' II{'.L 11'111 I, III "/( 1''' ' 1' ' 1' :, th ..
(kll' lllIill:II;IIIIII[ t i ll' :'1'1 111111 11:111' 11 " 111111"" , lill o'" 1 1',"11 1", IU'
tkri\'{'s 11111'1' \'IIIOI(.Ilio: ' ( I , ' /111' 1111' 1: .111 \ 1.111 1 1l< II .111
.
:111 signs ("; Ill, ill :11 1)' 1111Ii\'idll. 11 Ol g, lIl i\l l1 . I" l hil 1111 1 .1 ' 111 ,.: 11 ' /1 " 1"'11'"
II Hit-nl, ill ill .... l; tll l"n 111'1' ;.,11 I'll Lt I")lltl .:. i" 11t. II h 1" .1\ II) \\ 11.11 '.tli
alld dill'S h ;lpjlt'll. \'l'l 1".: It:lvilllll" 11t,11 \;\11 !'t' .. tllI" d L) tllnt 1'\ <1
cur u lbri('s is l:":lll.: lIll'l y r;lrc . p) Sign IC"I'"I1',' '"1111\111 ... 1, .lIld
1111 , ,,;-; 1) lilt: KIIEIIIKII :
ultilllal(ly rail be rOlltrullcd olily uy !un.:l' " ( I'P, IllI ;>- (i ) , And Ilc
fill' ;\ fillite 1'1 II 1";lIi'i III , ' s illn: prt' s uillahl y tilt" 11111111)(:1' 411"
-Hln;.,I;\, : \IH,1111'i' " R Olll:l11lil" lill I hal iIl SI:lIH: C,:, htll
allY II'xl"l 11111 ililill;lc ' ( p , 11117) ,
\\ ' ell 1)1 ('I lI tt <; !" Ibnl" I"all l It, 1111 ' Ll sI WOld ' , TIl!" .1,,1,:111' , all
11";IIICh, ':c rllH"d til IIH' III Il\Ti"- d r ;lIl1;lli sl' , lkr rida IS 1101 tltt,
Ni!"I""I III' ; \l1 11I111IQCi' I I(" IS I Cl'r("sl" tltn\ to I n' ( :llId 1\(11 W:\S
N icl" "r lw) . Ikt lltl s lillni\"(' n ili {" i" l1l Sil1ll'l)' III(' vll id , IllII
../ I !lill y i ll iiI(' ' .. nl "(' tll;\1 i l rcfuses tidilliliQ' alld 'pbys' with
1111" I'lI d l"""ILt., .. III' <;ig tliliclli o ll ;\ S altt';ldy III !'St' II I ilt tht' t(" xt it se lL
Tlte \"1' 1 \' (1 11111 adie. lio1l of t'lHllc- ssly u SIng tlu' 11I1";llIitl g- llI ;tkillg
III :n "ltil\(' 1.1 10 dl"ll1l1l1q[ ;1\(' III!' condks'i lIighl of" IlW;\IIillg is
i1lI1("1('''1 101 IlIlr Sdl"' C"lllI S( "ioll s ;111( 1 sdf"' ldl n(i\"C' sl; Igt' tlr n.iI IIlT "
I'n 11:11' <; ;1 i <; li1l" \ ' ("1 Y pbyf"l thu' ss ( I>r-[ lid;I 'S ;lIId !.;K;tll 's 1'"I1S ;\11(1
111 11 \\"ilh hlll.!lI ;Il':I' ) \\i"l \\ltidl ;I \l tllllli ,d :ttll1l1l1lty and 1{'X IUal
i " 111:\1 so ('x;lIn l,alt' ,, "
: \1111 il i " 1111' Inro/" tl l" ;1 \t' "XIII;t/ \' " ill , I\lld ), , ' 1, ;llId
I" II lit Ihi'i :ti <; (1 ;1 pitil ll" opiti(":t/ Idkn;oll IIr \\'h:1I tHTIL1 S ;It ;1
11I1I ("h 1111 111' I'lqll"ar I s 1\(11 ' I h: lri da's Sll colenL\".
IlIlI y cl n nilwd II )" : \ItI;IIII S as 'a sl' alnl erho ("h;\lII II('I" a n'<lsl'il-ss
n IlId, lli,L 111 a VI/id ', a 1I"lIlhflll
01 111(' WL' :111 it'd, \\iIItOlJI adlLlitting ;t (11Ii" ii 's 11 11 1 dClJl e), ill
OILl 1111\\' village ' , il self " ;1 tT;\ Sl'it '"S I"l"hll l:'\i ;1 of" idl'lIlt1gi('s,
Id" Ihe (it- :lr. rejl c-at('d ' 11;\11;111:1' dOg:llI S, ' b ; III:tIl:t ' ('("on
011111 ", '11;\11: 111 ;\' I'lIlil;(, <; , and d aily I\(' \\"S or I1I:t SS;It'/"cs, politi t:: d
1I\\lldl"l :", 11" \' 1.1111;1111<;, gnlll1"id("s ;IIHI \";lIlI i llt'S 111;1 1 ht'nlltl(' 'h:Ll lall :I'
III 1I'i :llId IIlIlil \\I' f( ' r1IH'I."lIl1all y till(";IIl' lInl. "lid if" Ihe 'J"e; d'
,,;tlly is i r \n' ("; 111 (lilly pt'lt"t'in' ils II II (.' r si ugu\;t[il )" il s
III IIq' !{lIsq' l 's In III , ill ;t drunkeJl \' oid Il\" ;t 11)\'(,: ,' uid (til
lilt 111 1gb !ill' J.lI lg ll ;lge 'douhlt-' 01" ;\11 ;lIId ]Iltilosoplt y), we a[1.:
J ("lIl1d("lIl1l n l ('illin III pLl y or 10 p[t'tend \which is III play ) al
T(I It{, Ill" HilI 1(1 Til hI' j1npclu;dl y d l llltk 1)1"
/In I'l"l (11'1(1\,(, (01" S; I )""" ("a rlit"!" ill hi "" hook t lt al
tlol th(' t-.br;.;; sl kiltd hili 111;11 oi' I .II('II'I;IIS :"lilt!
llie IIlIly :lIl1id()l(, It) Iht, IIl;uItH"SS of" IIIC;IlIill14 ( 1!1 77: :n ),
HilI !:tll'f lit, s ]l{'("ifi( 's ( III' :tll('rs ? ) Ih is :llllidlll(' 10 w iLat ht' cd Is
1IIIr':I!.'fllf : IIw It';I\, Iho ll ,l!h itl <; lIl'plll l; lhk ill il s 1I 1l 1l . s igllili c :tIl( T, alld
;11 '-1" :11" :1<; \\, 1t;1\'(' ,"It"(" ('S'' III il in j1l i\'i li- gcd hul 1' ;1 i 111"11 I 1I111111l'III S,
(' ;'; ;'-1 \ 1111" 1I 'i ill /1111111 (' 111 <;, ( '\' ('[1 if" \\"t ' ;11111 ;t11 lilt, W(li ks tllal
t ('klll,llt' il di <;: II'I'(";II , I )(' ;1111 1111 dllJllitli elll 1)\"('1" Ihal rt';tl, ;111 1 ;1
i<; ,11 ;11 I( '.d \\"(' In lls l 11-;\111 III kIitH'" alit! n"lcbr:n c, with 1111<;1/'\\' (PP"
7H IHII "
;."
. f
"
,
"1111", KIlt.ltlHI<:
of. And what of this texI, and IBy If!'xisl
Ait VI'S, 1 slt ;dl LInt III ' 'ni hil,' ., ',"'" ' '" . I . .
I ... 'n"Hll.\lllIliI VI" 'JIL l IIc"il h'"I" , I l, tli
I" 111I1' II:.(":t SYSl t' lll, elf tl.'W (lIa: litCI' I )" , I s " ,11I11t' n ' lltlte, 1.1 111 ,. 1 111 1,
lor 1111 reader or nil it' (":til "\ce :t Il ;I Sltt'l Is OIl dtt"': :', 111 11' lillie, ,1I1t1 ''' 1111'
tc"x ls les pulld IWIII'I III SI IIII( " 11I('lhtlds ( lil;11 I' ill l l n ' , l lilt" dillllllll }",
Ihl.: gn';1 1 '1'111.";,,' IIi" Ihe 'St il: ll tili(' lilt ' d [Il ) , , It,dl 11111 II("
wilh Iht' "(':11' ill ib 'idie,cy', 11\11 with I,' x!., en' S("I( IIIII.UY
SYS ICIIIS , ;J Ilt! willi tltt.' ;tpP;lr ("1I 1 ill\I ' 1 ilill Il l' It',t! .I11l1 1I1111",t! .I '
ill I'''n II , No[ i s liti s 11i s tol }, til II " Xh " 11.1 \1" I h ""1" 1I
these Ii:\\' sittlply 1t(,l'au:' I' Ihl' y i tllt"l nl Ill(" in td"l itdl III 1111 :' I"'"
bknl: 11.(' ill s tability of" ,1.; ('1\11' 111( '111 ), ( c h ; ll'tl"t s :s ,IIH I " " tilt' \11", 11 _
1111' 111 uf" ",!t;lt 11:.('(1 III be ('; dlt'11 Ihl' 11111( ",11 Lt ' ,.! I ILI :' ! 'lJ ' p,lI eli ! III
Gogol's ; V/llr and K ;tl k il 's ,\/rlIIIIIIIII,J/OI II ) , lit'll' ,11'1' 111,11 Ir n l t111lltl K"
a 1)] 1(' ,,!' sc ietll"!" licliull ( lhapln HI ); ilL" IIII' \u t.t1l y ,IlIilli gIHIII ' I ll u'
ol d 'Pllll: ' Lrnlas lil", I hal'l c r :llIti 11I:1 ]lI I'1 S ' I Hl. Iltl ' 11 1, \1\1"11,,11"
w(,ighed dow II \v ith 1I' "li s llI ( c' "h ;ljl ll'l ;ltHI I I II' tlLllllit"LII " I \\ Ital
usn\ to bt: (' ailed 1]l t' I cal ; IS \lul('al 11111" nU/I/t' oIll ,tt l,l " " Ili/' ,W 1/,, 11 / (/111
1/1/1/(1 1/ ancl, I I) I' XI I.: III , l"tJltlt"ULj)(JI,IIY 'tllt ' t.tlil t ill ll ' III'IJI!I'I S
11 - 1'1 )" Tht"Sc arc Iht' C,," Iht' 1111\"1"1 tll,11 I :. IL,tllll) III I Htng
oul ill I"{'s!.: sl'i<:l"Ied te XIS, I IH JPc w ilh Oll' :I!.If'\ I(' ,
N () It 's
2. 'I'll\'" r"r (uri c
h,,,,,, , I I' .1 . ... 1" .. ' " r .. I ;'If 1;,,11\ :11 1, \ ("VI' II I"', ("lIIl m' l/ ;( tI,.' 1111 " Wl'
h:nr "1 111 11 1" ;' ;11 (,\I ' U it :11111"\ 11' ;11 1 : llIcI \\1 ;'" ( )II lIu'ollll " 11 :\ 1111 :
' r,,"""'\ ; .. ,,, ,. .. d :l l l l:U:lr,r " 'I'l l In :-Ill:")/{' \11111
.I,rI,'", , i. rrtl l'l ,,} ,' d I ,. _111 :11 )11' ,l wlo, i, ' ;,1
I" hi , I. :., r 11111111.11' h , i ll Ill y "I ';nillll. t hr \ "llIinl ;, \1 11 11 I III C''>),
hili"" , i ll d .(" \ r' 'OIld ,,. 11\(' (II' ",I/"nr'.ernj'!r) ;. ti ll' aennlll! o f'
:\ \ 1;"11\ "'11 1 r\('" III " ;'I II" ,(,,' /1/1,,'" ill ti ll' \ 1'0. ,,11 .. r i. til(' 11I111I :d i/cd
"r 1/11" ,1.::1 : 1111111 : 11 " " 11.""1' i ll our 1" ' :1(1\' ( \ ' ,.r, , ifl, '1"1.,.
,,1 1 ..... . 11\ \/ ' llI i .. ,; :l d " " "I" I' .,.1 PII' I' ''';\I'. l ' ll lt . II,)
'l . ( :1' . tI " , (;"',1. '''li d" 1011,11(' ( :1111" I .. "t : 1. " '11.," ( .. .e :.ld,: III
IIi " r. " . i.lih i n .': I :\ IIII II :" i,, ". ;, !'o' lu,I. II ); 1.11/11
1I11 '1 1!1". il ' n lllll' ( I( ); 1.111. ,11/ (ill l" 'I ' Ict n ,II
}.,,'fI ,,'" (1 :1 ) tl1 r ,,11":-'11\ : (I.) IIH"' 1'1.11,1' ry r II i l ,"t1:d j .
:\ 1111"" '")' (1', "",,), :, ' )( t (" 1I 1.111( \1:\t,'I1\ "1 11 III lilt' 111\oh-l"Il. ;\
' 1" ' 111 1.1 1"01'
'1 (: 1' \ ':-. 1,.. ,;" (1'I i l! I) . "h:\ , ):rll('l ;\ 1 tll,.I II :; ill til!' 11\ 1111 :\11
' ; II11 ,.I h 11I111.r\i\ l l" lIl, alit! h lL:lI 1111"1(" j" i, litll . 11(" ' " I1(h I w ill
1I 0t II)" I .. II rl1'II I1 \1I :II " . hili !r:I \ ' C I II l akr rllr l!1:wlnl ' I h:\1 II II'IC
' ;\11 1"\ 1' I ,r :\ L:CII('I :d ,I ,rll' Y " f 11.(' 1" 1111 :111 ill 11." i l l
\\' hi, l, 11111'''1' 1 i\ "'cd ill Ihc 1)1 11('1 \'1,'11""" i\:I 1110111 1I(lill l
hi,;." " " ,,101 1I" I "il(' :\ drl ;\; l nl " ":1 /)'1" I will ' " lIlill" lII y"dl 111
""111 11: 11..11, if II tlt'I" .. 111 11.:\\ 110 \"rl. ,I '.,' ''' ), i" I h,,,.,II, I,' ,
\\,,,"1.1 " ,, ' h" :\ liu,I I ;\ll,,11 111 :\ WC";>I.. IU"\\ .. I" 11. " IlI nll: II I '" hili
, ;lll.", .1 ,din li,," II I' tlwir p C' culi :lf 11:\1111 (" . '
. 1. (:" Il .! :\ kt, I,\uII ! I'IW), V . Fdi lh ( I'Hj rl ), T T"d"w\' 1"1 1. I..
t-.l :1If jk ;, :-I til l "1>1111>1'1.. :'1 Cl I\ ( 11') 71) fOI 01"
","1, 1." ,,,1\, I,f tl ,, Il lI " ;;"I I' ollll ,d;q\, ;", J ' \ , :' h,,1.III :1I1 ( 1!li7) filt
(,,11'1'111/' 1,; ldi",: 1.11 " IY ,, 1 1':'1 11, 1:11;011<:' o r Fllltn :1l ;q Ir ;.; I\ .
Ii S,' r :'I I,,, 1111"11111,111", 11'1}'1) :"1("'1 ' 1\111 ,I"d 01 (;"';111.'\ ill SIIIII/,I/ ((1
.... 'I, 11,'1 It t
I .1 11' i"tI, 1,11"1 1 III "')" 1,,11,. :\ ,: 111' (JI,:a S, IWln I, " 111"11"".1: 11 \(" to cI: ll ii"y
Ih i' I" ,j", Src: ,..\1' ...... 1!1:\ 1 1.!Jt i: 'It IIlIdull lo tntl)" t.:I, I I("C!
No 11: :<. I () I'j' :\ 1
11t:\1 lIu'I:'I'I.}"s ica l :lpl'c:\r 1111 lli c 1t :1,,, .. f '1I'In,' .. Io.1 .. I' i '" , i\I'
;I1 HI 01 1111 dll Illn :1 'I,,'c i.d \I, .1II,11I "f ,hi'
li l u:!')' I\"llik 01" ;11 1'
H. Sn' Sril nrr r; '1 a I1UHC \)"1I11':1 ll. l" l il a I' . 11 111' "f" JIIL.: . l nl ,. "
!I, ,\ !{II' :\I 11 ("": 11 "I' :It1:d pi \ III I YI' C\ "I" d i' I'flllI !'o " h,,, Itn' " dllil l',
1101:\111 )' h)" V, N , (. 11,//\/111/ (fI'.! ,1" !,"doln!"" IJ! /''''.(111/('.
1!1'1! I; 1!J 7' \ :\ I ; d c-), \\ 1. 11 :.tl d, ' II r c .lil t'l l
II; ""'"IIM", Alld 1\ 1111 Ball field h:\\ d "lI(", a C"lI " ,i .tn,lblc jil l. " f :1" ;. 1\\1",,
I",,; c i u di l 1"1" 1 \vl, il Ii !'o h c ra il , 'J "p, ' I Wet h . all't!
I I. "".I.!h," \111' " lIi l l II I 11,111 , lolllll:\ lj," , .d 1: 1.1111111 .1 1
I 1!1711b: '111 1 :11'1). ( :1' , al ' lI !ll i. '1I (\ 1, 11.11,'"
SII/"\T)' "I" 1('1'('11 1 {I f 1"1('(' ;ud il r n ill ''' C 1.'11 11" joul 11.,J
:I " Ba nfield 1!1711 1, (to. lllblc 1!17!1: nn S('C ;,ho ItIl,tl ilil:\li ' ,11 111,,,1 .
II )' t-.lil: k,' 11:11 ( 1977) lit C.-IICtl c ' s :' ('"1111' " 11;,,' .11 ,,,11,011 11 . .11',,1111' .,,"
, "al iPtl"rn:d 1;,(" :\ I; \:\ lioli 111'"11 11;111 '1110 'rc', \\ J'I" I I",I\ C\lr l ll..i
" J1" 1I hi " I \\"0 ; \ \n' II , ;111.1 p" 'p" " .' :t ' '"1' .11,111""
hCI\\"('(' 1I lIlt' lilc: tl iM" :\i1t! di e IC)("";111 \('I I, ,, 1111 Ii rll .II,J C\ 1,,1tI1 "II'id(",I .
It l.
III Idil ll ' 1111" b'l l: l c;lI q':'JI)' ,
FlH tl n .." II.1i tIlU lilllli \ 1I1 ill a\ l ion H I." /)" (\I/llIlIlIlflfl fill '; ", 110 11/11 r \' .I\ '
II )" 11 :""ld 111011111, I';",] ele- t-. I., " , IlI' il;d" , (; " ,011,,)" 11:111111.'11,
.I , t<. liJl ... . 1,lIlI dll ll Fill a I .. II J.:, 11" ' ''RhL lul 1,,1 1 1,,\\11 . .1 1...
;UhT I!'o " Inin,' of l id" 're '"I"], t' d CI"I III\ I IIII lI":' In
(;1,11111, ' 1.10( . f.,mdofl UII' IrI() 1I! 1I11(} ),1 (2'1 t<. 1:q '1.1 11 11 ,'
I. I" till" 1" .I:iL; d In' I:\lIgll' I,)" (: It';111 ;\\ f l " 1114' 01" ' 11('\1 II , d ,, ( I,,,
1I :I\IOili \ " and 1
1
/ 71', :l nd r:III, c1 ;..;., 1/11 .. /1.",
1111/1(1/1"11(\ Ii( In S, II/nld h.l \ il\ 111 1111 .11,
S, ( \ :L )" blnrA, 11 ' lIlIg,1i 1111 a dilrc:rnll \CI1I ;tt lln.: :l\, \ il 'I II,],! I.e If ,/ I" ,
iml;\I1('t'); (":1 r h .11"0 ilS (Otlll ad il' III, v (IIHII ' S (11 S ' UIIII ' S \)1 S I
' I I' ' I ' .
wlli, h. IIn lik ,' hl.u,"'/ \\" ltit (' , nlw'!J"l II1CIC Ilq,': ,'li,,": " OI\ , ,, IIIIC. Itlll; '
bbl k. I III' 1 \I \I \"(' , I ii al (:\ l1 d tllI \' 11 \\ ,I III ) 11"1:,\ I i
otl
, I C 1rI,lt' "It ... II I
illll'l il";llill ll (hlal '" 11t111,\,ll il r hUI 11111 \ il r \ r l \,II '
1.11 Y S, 4 _ _______ "-____ t. !o. ,
I" / 1
: /" :
I ""II, / 1
I '111" f I
I "'" I
I I
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