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Fizika svjetlosti
Spectroskopija i atomska fizika Tipovi spektara
The classic spectral sequence is illustrated by the spectra of real stars in a historic image published in 1901. The strong lines in class A (here, the star Sirius) are hydrogen. Neutral helium appears along with hydrogen in class B (Alnilam, Epsilon Orionis), while ionized helium is strong in class O (Naos, Zeta Puppis), the hydrogen lines nearly gone. Hydrogen weakens downward too, toward lower temperature, nearly disappearing by class M2 (Betelgeuse). The strong lines to the left in classes F (Canopus), G (Capella), and K (Arcturus) are those of ionized calcium. The other lines in these cooler classes are those of other metals. At the bottom, in class M7 (the long-period variable star Mira), we see bands of absorption produced by the titanium oxide molecule. Annals of the Harvard College Observatory, vol. 23, 1901.
NH3 apsorpcija
CO emisija
Sample
Osobine plamena
Fig. 9-2, pg. 208 Regions in a flame
Atomizacija u plamenu
In fully premixed flames, the fuel and the oxidizer are thoroughly mixed prior to reaching the reaction zone, also known as the flame front. Aerosol reaching flame contains only 5% of original sample.
Atomska apsorpcijska spektroskopija je kvantitativna analitika metoda primijenjiva za analizu metala i nekih nemetala.
AA spektrofotometar
Atomski apsorpcijski spektrofotometar se sastoji od izvora svjetla, komore za uzorak i detekcijskog sustava.
Komora za uzorak
Izvor svjetla
Detekcijski sustav
Put svjetlosti
Izvor u AA spektroskopiji
Izvor sa upljom katodom za odredivanje Prisutnosti aluminija (Al) Zraci karakteristicne linije ALUMINIJA
Priprema uzorka
Najuobiajeniji nain uvoenja uzorka u plamen je da se priredi otopina u pogodnom otapalu, to je esto voda.
The flame gases flowing into the burner create a suction that pulls the liquid into the small tube from the sample container. This liquid is transferred to the flame where the ions are atomized. These atoms absorb light from the source.
Plinovi u gorioniku stvaraju podtlak koji uvlai uzorak iz posude. Tekuina se prenosi u plamen gdje se atomizira. Tako nastali atomi apsorbiraju svjetlost iz izvora.
Slide 10
Uzorak je evaporiran u plamenu.
Quantitative analysis can be achieved by measuring the absorbance of a series of solutions of known concentration. A calibration curve and the equation for the line can be used to determine an unknown concentration based on its absorbance.
Kvantitativna analiza se izvodi upotrebom krivulje dobivene mjerenjem niza uzoraka poznate koncentracije Kalibracijska krivulja i jednadba pravca omoguuju nam nalaenje nepoznate koncentracije
Slide 9
Priredivanje uzoraka poznate koncentracije
Literatura
Bette Kreuz, Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy S. Corbel, S. S. Eikenberry, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 419, 191-201 (2004)