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Table Of Contents

What Are The Most Environment-Friendly Coolant Options For Commercial Refrigeration? Commercial Refrigeration Sydney: Types Of Environment-Friendly Coolants Coolants For Industrial Refrigeration: Ammonia And Carbon Dioxide Ammonia Refrigeration: The Pros And Cons Commercial Refrigeration: Australia Companies Coolant Options In Todays Eco-Friendly Business World Industrial Refrigeration: Australia Expert Tips In Choosing The Right Refrigerant Coolant Properties For Industrial Refrigeration Systems Why Choose Ammonia Refrigeration Australia Companies List Three Reasons Why Why CO2 Refrigeration Works As A Good Alternative How To Choose The Right Industrial Chillers

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What Are The Most Environment-Friendly Coolant Options For Commercial Refrigeration?
The refrigerator is perhaps one of the most useful inventions that man has ever created. Its impact on human life is not limited to preserving food; commercial refrigeration has made it possible for man to make progress in the fields of science, technology, human health, and even culture and leisure. However, all these advances came with a price: coolants that were commonly used in the past, such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), have resulted in massive damage to the environment. The ozone layer, the protective layer of the atmosphere that helps keep harmful radiation from reaching the earth, now has a sizeable hole because of the ozone depleting action of early refrigerants. And as one of the biggest consumers of energy, the refrigeration industry has also contributed to greenhouse gas production, and consequently, global warming. Companies that wish to make use of refrigeration systems for business should make it a point to use only the most environment-friendly coolants. But what are the better coolant options for commercial refrigeration systems? There are actually two naturally occurring substances that are now being advertised as the most eco-friendly coolants, and the first is ammonia. This natural gas has been given a zero rating for both Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) and Global Warming Potential (GWP). This means that it does not act as a greenhouse gas, nor can it destroy the integrity of the ozone layer, making it one of the most eco-friendly coolants that can be used for commercial refrigeration. Besides being safe for the environment, ammonia is also relatively safe for humans to use. At low concentrations, it does not have any negative health
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effects. It can be poisonous at higher concentrations, however, but its distinct smell makes it easy to detect before any damage to human health is made. Ammonia as a refrigerant not only helps preserve the health of the environment and the humans that live in it; it also helps manufacturers and users save money. Because it is a naturally occurring substance, it is incredibly inexpensive. And because it requires narrower pipes for it to function, it helps manufacturers save on construction costs. Lastly, ammonia can boast of one of the most energy efficient heat transfer profiles, resulting in less electricity needed to run the system, and thus smaller energy bills. Carbon dioxide, on the other hand, is another naturally occurring substance that is being widely used in commercial refrigeration these days. Although it is known as a greenhouse gas, it only acts as such when released into the environment. Refrigeration systems using carbon dioxide cannot harm the environment so long as they do not have leaks and are well-designed. This kind of refrigerant is also incredibly cheap, making it one of the safest and inexpensive coolant options for industrial purposes.

Commercial Refrigeration Sydney: Types Of Environment-Friendly Coolants

These days, its quite popular among consumers to be more conscientious when it comes to products that they support, particularly when it comes to how these products affect the environment. Because of the growing awareness of the human races effects on the Earth, more and more people are supporting natural
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alternatives to common practices. These include gardening and buying produce from organic farmers instead of purchasing mass-produced products that utilise harmful methods, avoiding plastic bags and encouraging the use of reusable bags during shopping, and even choosing natural products instead of commercially produced alternatives. Because consumers are now being more responsible with regard to their product choices, shouldnt major companies also do the same? The answer is yes. For commercial refrigeration, Sydney experts suggest the use of two naturally-occurring chemicals as coolants: carbon dioxide and ammonia. While carbon dioxide is indeed better known as a major greenhouse gas contributor, its effects on the environment are far less than those of refrigerants used in the past, such as chlorofluorocarbons. In addition to its low Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) and Global Warming Potential (GWP), its effects are actually only evident if it is released into it. As such, welldesigned and leak-proof refrigeration systems utilising this substance as a coolant are not necessarily harmful. Using carbon dioxide as a coolant for commercial refrigeration, Sydney experts say, is also beneficial in that it is widely available and consequently, incredibly cheap. The low expense that comes with using carbon dioxide as a coolant is further enhanced by its properties. It works best under high pressures, and as such, refrigeration systems utilising carbon dioxide have to be designed with smaller pipes. Smaller pipes mean using less construction material, which ultimately translates to less construction costs. These savings can be further improved by carbon dioxides heat transfer qualities: it has a high volumetric cooling capacity and heat transfer, which means that it is more energy efficient than other coolant options and thus needs less electricity to operate. Of course, less electricity used means smaller power bills.
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Ammonia, on other hand, is another environment-friendly coolant for commercial refrigeration Sydney experts recommend. Like carbon dioxide, it has a very low ODP and GWP rating zero, in fact. This means that it has absolutely no potential to damage the ozone layer and that it does not contribute to global warming. Being a natural chemical, it can also be recycled by the environment. Savings from the use of ammonia in refrigeration are also massive, just like with the use of carbon dioxide. It also requires compact systems, which leads to less construction costs, and it has a heat transfer profile far superior to any refrigerant used in the past. All these qualities make ammonia and carbon dioxide suitable for high-grade commercial refrigeration. Sydney companies who wish to participate in the green movement would do well to use these refrigerants in their cooling systems.

Coolants For Industrial Refrigeration: Ammonia And Carbon Dioxide

With the green movement in full swing, companies that use industrial refrigeration are given the responsibility to choose only the most eco-friendly coolants for their systems. Gone are the days of using hydrochlorofluorocarbons and chlorofluorocarbons, coolants that are better known as HFCs and CFCs, for commercial and large-scale refrigeration. These days, the most commonly used refrigerants include ammonia and carbon dioxide, two naturally-occurring substances that are gaining stellar reputations in the field of refrigeration.

Carbon dioxide, despite its infamy as the most prevalent greenhouse gas, is actually a far safer coolant for industrial refrigeration than those that were used in the past. In fact, early refrigerants, such as HCFCs and CFCs, possess Ozone Depletion Potentials (ODP) and Global Warming Potentials (GWP) that are thousands of times higher than those of carbon dioxide. As such, any leaks from old refrigerators using these coolants will have worse consequences on the health of the environment than leaks from an industrial refrigeration system that uses carbon dioxide as a coolant. Carbon dioxide also possesses one of the most impressive heat transfer profiles, making it more energy efficient than past coolants. This property lets users save on energy bills since less electricity is used to run the cooling system. Money savings with using carbon dioxide as a refrigerant is also enhanced by another property: its efficiency in high pressure systems. This quality means that the refrigerator system has to be designed to create high pressures. Smaller pipes are used in carbon dioxide systems, and smaller pipes translate to less construction material used. Less materials ultimately means that construction costs for carbon dioxide refrigeration systems are much lower than those utilising other coolants. Ammonia, on the other hand, is similar to carbon dioxide in that it has very low impact on the environment in fact, with both an ODP and GWP of zero, it actually has no impact at all. This quality makes it one of the safest, if not the safest, coolants in industrial refrigeration systems. In addition to its low impact, ammonia can also boast of a heat transfer profile that is superior to coolants in the past; just like carbon dioxide, using this in commercial refrigeration boosts energy savings. It also operates well under pressure, further reducing expenses on construction.
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Both carbon dioxide and ammonia are considered safe for humans to work with, especially since they both occur naturally. Of course, in high concentrations, both can have toxic effects on human health, but there are ways to avoid these. Ammonia is a light gas with a distinctive smell, and any leak from the system can be easily detected because of this smell. It also rises up into the atmosphere so it is easily dissipated. Carbon dioxide, on the other hand, is heavier than air and tends to sink. Any leak from a system will be confined to low-lying spaces, so companies that want to ensure safety of their personnel should take advantage of this property.

Ammonia Refrigeration: The Pros And Cons

The invention of cooling systems has made it possible for man to enjoy many advances. Whats more, the scope of these benefits is indeed very wide. In the field of science or technology, for example, refrigeration systems have enabled people to perform delicate experiments involving live tissues from plants or animals that may have been lost to warmer temperatures. These methods for cooling have also been a boon to the pharmaceutical industry, allowing drug manufacturers to create and preserve medicines to benefit human health. Even leisure and culture have been enhanced by refrigeration systems ice cream, wine, off season skiing and year-round hockey and ice skating would not have been possible were it not for these modern cooling methods. But while refrigeration did truly improve many aspects of human life, it also came with drastic effects on the environment. Years of damage to the ozone layer and human health have inspired refrigerator manufacturers to seek better coolants,
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and one of the most widely used coolants these days is ammonia. Refrigeration using this substance is touted to be one of the safest and most cost-effective. Ammonia, a chemical that is comprised of one nitrogen and three hydrogen atoms, is a naturally occurring substance that is said to have no negative effects on the environment. It has an Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) rating of 0 and a Global Warming Potential (GWP) rating of 0. These ratings mean that ammonia will not contribute to the damage to the ozone layer, nor does it act like a greenhouse gas, making it one of the most environment-friendly refrigeration coolants that can be used. In addition, ammonia refrigeration requires higher pressures and narrower pipes for it to be effective in cooling. This quality makes it possible for manufacturers to save money on construction costs since less material will be used. This quality also enables refrigerator makers to create compact cooling systems that can fit in smaller spaces. Besides requiring less material for construction, ammonia is also one of the most inexpensive coolants. The savings that come with using ammonia as a refrigerant, however, doesnt stop with less construction costs: ammonia has one of the most efficient heat transfer qualities, and being such, it requires less electricity to operate, helping reduce energy costs overall. Ammonia may appear to be the perfect refrigerant, but ammonia refrigeration still comes with a few setbacks. For instance, this coolant is not compatible with copper, and thus cannot be used for systems with copper pipes. Another disadvantage is that ammonia can be toxic in very high concentrations. However, it remains relatively safe because its scent is highly distinct and can be detected even at very low concentrations.
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Commercial Refrigeration: Australia Companies Coolant Options In Todays Eco-Friendly Business World
With the advent of social media and the Internet, it has become much easier for environmental groups to share their views regarding the world. As such, more and more people are becoming aware of the problems that industrialisation has brought upon the environment. Because of this increasing awareness, todays entrepreneur is faced with major responsibilities. Companies that make use of commercial refrigeration, Australia experts on the environment say, must make the right choice of coolant, especially since refrigerants have played a part in the development of two of the biggest environmental issues that Earth is dealing with today: the hole in the ozone layer and global warming. In the past, refrigerators used coolants such as CFC, HCFC and HFC. Unbeknownst to most people back then, these chemicals are highly destructive to the ozone layer, a protective layer in the atmosphere that absorbs much of the harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Ozone-depleting coolants break down ozone and produce oxygen instead, and a single molecule of these chemicals can actually break down thousands of ozone molecules in the atmosphere, eventually forming the large hole in the ozone layer. On the other hand, widespread refrigeration has contributed to global warming because of the massive consumption of energy by this technology. The energy used to power commercial refrigerators, Australia experts state, is created by burning fossil fuels, which eventually releases greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. These greenhouse gases reflect heat back to the Earth, raising global temperatures. What are the eco-friendly coolants that companies can use for commercial refrigeration? Australia refrigeration
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companies have a variety of refrigerant options, and two chemicals that are fast gaining in popularity are ammonia and carbon dioxide. These two substances both occur naturally: ammonia, a colourless gas that has a pungent smell, is the by-product of the putrefaction process and is present in large quantities in the atmosphere, while carbon dioxide, a colourless and odourless gas, is a by-product of respiration. Being naturally-occurring compounds, these two are easy to source and thus come with very low price tags. In addition to being inexpensive, ammonia and carbon dioxide are also highly energy efficient. Both have truly outstanding heat transfer profiles, and thus less electricity is needed to run ammonia and carbon dioxide refrigerators. They also require high pressure systems for them to achieve maximum effect, and thus systems using these two are created using smaller pipes. Smaller pipes mean that less is expended on construction, helping companies save money. Of course, the greatest merit of these two chemicals is that they have low potentials for ozone depletion and global warming. Carbon dioxide is thousands of times less destructive than fluorocarbons, while ammonia has, in fact, no impact on the atmosphere at all. Companies that need industrial-grade refrigeration will benefit from using either one of these two coolants; not only are ammonia and carbon dioxide healthier alternatives for the environment, they also help reduce power and construction expenditures.

Industrial Refrigeration: Australia Expert Tips In Choosing The Right Refrigerant

The cooling system in a refrigerator is perhaps one of the most significant inventions man has created. This technology, which is now a common fixture in society, has made a great impact not only in the field of food storage, but also in medicine, science, technology, and even in leisure and culture. Refrigerators are used now in both small-scale applications in the home, to large-scale storage in industrial facilities. However, it is important to note the differences between
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refrigerators for residential use and industrial refrigeration. Australia experts state that the choice in refrigerant for each depends on a multitude of factors, including the size of the machine to be used, safety measures, and even the area to be refrigerated. There are many qualities that refrigerator owners must consider when choosing coolants for commercial refrigeration or simple domestic use. The first among these properties is the boiling point of the refrigerant. Generally, substances with a boiling point that is below the target temperature are ideal for cooling, while those with a higher boiling point are more efficient in smaller systems. The boiling point is critical since this determines how easily the refrigerant can turn into a vapour and thus, absorb heat and create a lower temperature. Along with a low boiling point, a good refrigerant should also have a high latent heat of vaporisation. This quality indicates how much heat the refrigerant must absorb before turning into vapour. Another refrigerant quality that must be considered is safety, and this involves two properties: toxicity and flammability. With regard to toxicity, refrigerants are classified into Class A (no toxicity in concentrations less than 400 parts per million) and Class B (with toxicity detected). Flammability of refrigerants, on the other hand, is separated into three classes: Class 1 (completely non-flammable), Class 2 (moderately flammable) and Class 3 (highly flammable). Ideally, a refrigerant should be non-toxic and non-flammable. Refrigerators for residential use generally come with
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Class A and Class 1 coolants, while commercial refrigeration can make use of higher class refrigerants because commercial entities usually employ stricter safety measures. Colour and odour should also be considered when installing refrigerators. Refrigerants are generally colourless and odourless, but users may add colour or use a refrigerant with a distinct smell (such as ammonia) for easy detection of leaks. Lastly, companies that will make use of industrial refrigeration need to consider the stability of the refrigerant to be used. A good coolant should be stable; this means that it should not react with any component of the cooling system, nor should it decompose under the various pressures and temperatures of the system. Such a quality ensures that the cooling system can be used for extended periods without frequent repair or replacement of parts and equipment.

Coolant Properties For Industrial Refrigeration Systems

Refrigeration involves absorbing heat in a system to create lower temperatures. The principle of cooling is the same in all systems, whether its in a refrigerator for domestic use or industrial refrigeration systems for commercial purposes. However, there are fundamental differences between small-scale and large-scale cooling systems, such as the area to be covered and safety measures in place. And because of these differences, a different kind of coolant should be used for each. The choice in refrigerant depends on a lot of properties, including boiling point, latent heat of vaporisation, toxicity, flammability, colour and odour, as well as stability.
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Boiling point is a particularly important quality since it will determine how well the refrigerant can absorb heat and be converted into vapour. Generally, the ideal refrigerant for both domestic and industrial refrigeration should have a boiling point that is a little below the target temperature. However, the boiling point is not necessarily the only quality that determines how well a refrigerant works at cooling the system the latent heat of vaporisation is also critical. This quality refers to the amount of heat that the refrigerant has to absorb for it to turn into a vapour; a coolant with a low latent heat will only absorb a little heat before it changes from a liquid into a gas, and thus makes for an inefficient cooling substance. On the other hand, substances with a high latent heat can absorb a great amount of heat and thus create much lower temperatures, making them ideal for refrigeration. Refrigeration systems also need to make use of the safest refrigerants possible to ensure the health of the users. Basically, toxicity of coolants is classified broadly based on the identification of toxic substances at concentrations below 400 parts per million: Class A (non-toxic), and Class B (toxicity identified). With regard to flammability, coolants are classified as follows: non-flammable (Class 1), moderately flammable (Class 2) and highly flammable (Class 3). To maintain the safety of home users, coolants for domestic refrigeration systems are generally Class A, Class 1 substances. Commercial refrigerator users, on the other hand, tend to employ more stringent safety measures, and thus are allowed to use higher class refrigerants for their cooling systems. In general, coolants are colourless and odourless. An odourless coolant is preferable to keep the machine from having a chemical smell at all times. However, coolants with distinct odours, such as ammonia, may serve as a selfalarming system for critical leaks. Colour may be added to the coolant to make it easier to detect a leak.
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Lastly, users of refrigeration systems should take into account the stability of the coolant to be used. Ideally, a refrigerant should be stable. It should not corrode any part of the system or react with any chemical, oil or lubricant in the pipes. It should also not be highly expansive, and it should not decompose under the changing pressures and temperatures.

Why Choose Ammonia Refrigeration: Australia Companies List Three Reasons Why
Refrigeration systems represent one of the most important creations of man. These machines have had a massive impact on many functions in society, such as enabling long-term food storage and manufacturing and storing important medicines. There are now many different types of cooling equipment, and these range from small air conditioners and refrigerators for domestic use to refrigeration systems for industrial purposes. There are also different refrigerant options for each kind of system, and one of the most recommended for commercial use is ammonia refrigeration. Australia companies that make use of this type of coolant cite three reasons why its best for large-scale applications: Cheaper - Ammonia is a by-product from the putrefaction or decay of nitrogenous matter, such as plants and other living creatures. As such, it is easy to source and thus costs much less than synthetic refrigerants that have to be manufactured or processed first. In addition to the low cost of producing or sourcing ammonia, cooling systems that use this substance are also much cheaper to construct. This is because an ammonia-based refrigeration system is built using pipes with
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narrow diameters, and using such pipes mean that less material is used for construction, thereby reducing the cost of construction. Efficient - Another reason why ammonia is a good choice for industrial refrigeration is its efficiency as a coolant. Ammonia possesses heat transfer qualities that are superior to other commonly used coolants. For instance, its mass flow rate is actually just one-seventh that of HCFC-22 (or Chlorodifluoromethane, a coolant that was commonly used in the past). This means that only this small amount is needed to be pumped into the system to achieve the same cooling effect as HCFC-22. Of course, ammonias higher efficiency eventually leads to less power needed to run the machine, ultimately saving companies money on their power usage. Eco-friendly - Among all the coolants that are being used for domestic and commercial refrigeration, ammonia is touted to be one of the safest for the environment. For instance, it possesses an Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) of zero, meaning that it cannot break down ozone molecules (unlike refrigerants used in the past and thus has no effect on the ozone layer at all. In addition to having an ODP of zero, ammonia also was given a Global Warming Potential (GWP) of zero. This means that it has no capacity to act like a greenhouse gas and trap heat in the Earths atmosphere. As mentioned previously, ammonia is produced from the putrefaction process; since it is a part of the nitrogen cycle, it can also be decomposed by natural processes.

Why CO2 Refrigeration Works As A Good Alternative

A lot of exciting developments in the world are making it possible for industries and businesses to operate better. From using sustainable raw materials to implementing solid eco-friendly policies, numerous concepts are being pursued in order to combat the effects of global warming and climate change. One area wherein businesses and industries are instituting change is in refrigeration. And

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carbon dioxide (CO2) refrigeration is fast becoming an appealing option when it comes to addressing environmental as well as safety issues. Refrigerant gases are used in air conditioners, freezers, and refrigerators. When condensed under pressure, refrigerants are able to chill the air. Decades ago, chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) was predominantly used as a refrigerant because it was non-flammable and non-toxic. Unfortunately, sometime in the 70s, scientists discovered that when the gas leaked into the atmosphere, the ultraviolet rays from the Sun created a chemical change that affected the ozone layer. With its global phase out, alternatives are naturally sourced. Carbon dioxide (CO2), thought to have zero ozone depletion effect, is non-toxic and non-flammable. Many industries that require refrigeration are now recognising its advantages. In the area of safety, CO2 systems are seen as stable since the gas is classified as the safest refrigerant. In the area of efficiency, CO2 cascade systems (used for sites that need to use ammonia at very minimal amounts) are ideal for low temperature applications and consume less energy than conventional systems. In the area of cost, CO2 systems are considered to be a good investment. Its critical to get a design and construction that is as energy efficient as possible in order to fully benefit from CO2 refrigeration. Aside from the design, construction and installation, industries and businesses should also take into
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account the maintenance required to keep it running smoothly. It takes a skilled, experienced, and expert company to carry this out so its important to go with an industrial refrigeration specialist that can offer design and engineering as well as service and maintenance. Carbon dioxide refrigeration can be used in many industrial and commercial applications. It can be used in ice rinks (the rink in Saint-Gdon-de-Beauce, Canada is said to be the worlds first ice hockey rink that uses carbon dioxide refrigeration), meat and fish processing plants, food storage facilities, supermarkets, and for various light commercial applications such as vending machines. When designed and configured according to its application, the environmental benefits along with the safety advantages can keep industries and businesses operating at their very best.

How To Choose The Right Industrial Chillers

A lot of thought and consideration goes into capital investments made in a business. Such careful attention can prevent overspending, inefficient processes, and even profit losses. From the plant to the employees, from the equipment to the facilities, every industrial company needs to consider all aspects of its business before making a commitment when it comes to hiring and purchasing. For operations that require the use of chillers, its crucial to think about certain factors and specifications required before getting one. An industrial chiller is a compressor-based cooling system that takes out heat from a liquid, controlling and chilling it. Components include temperature controller, reservoir, and a recirculating pump. It comes in different types:
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portable, air-cooled and water-chilled. Industrial applications for a chiller involve die-casting and machine tooling, food and beverage processing, chemical processing, paper and cement processing, welding equipment, pharmaceutical formulation and X-ray diffraction. A chiller is also used to cool high-powered electronics inside diagnostic machines like PET scans and MRIs. Choosing an industrial chiller requires more than just knowing the cooling requirements, the reservoir or internal water tank size, and the chiller cooling capacity. Every business must also consider the power source or if there is a need to get additional power to stabilise temperature for differing loads; the total lifecycle cost, whether a new system will eventually be required to increase performance or an existing units repair or maintenance cost will be minimal; condenser capacity and material, which can affect efficiency, and chiller design. A chillers design can be as significant as its components. Some designs support high rates of fluid while others are meant to use specific fluids - for instance, a chiller with no brass or copper when the fluid being cooled is distilled or demineralised water. Both can actually cause metal corrosion, which is why plastic or stainless steel components are used in the chiller. Other considerations to think of when getting a chiller are ambient temperature, evaporator capacity and material, chiller IP rating, pump specifications, control panel features (e.g. fault, pressure, and temperature indicators, etc.), noise level, internal piping materials, and a host of other factors that should correspond to future cooling needs. Making investments in business, no matter what industry is involved, requires careful examination before arriving at any decision. When it comes to choosing highly specialised equipment, it pays to dwell on the specifications required and relevant factors. Doing so will prevent costly mistakes in the future.
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