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+ The nouns have irregular plural forms: man men, woman women, child children, tooth teeth, foot feet, goose geese, louse lice, ox oxen, mouse mice. + Some nouns that end in f or fe are changed to ves in the plural: calf calves, half halves, knife knives, leaf leaves, life- lives, loaf loaves, self selves, shelf shelves, thief thieves, wolf wolves, scarf scarves, wife - wives * Some nouns that end in f simply add s to form the plural: belief beliefs, chief chiefs, cliff cliffs, roof roofs, tariff tariffs. Staff staffs, staff staves. + Some nouns have the same singular and plural form: (e.g., One deer is. Two deer are .) deer fish means series sheep species + Some nouns that end in o add es to form the plural: echoes heroes potatoes tomatoes * Some nouns that end in o add only s to form the plural: autos photos solos tattoos bamboos kilos pianos sopranos videos memos radios studios zoos * Some nouns that end in o add either es or s to form the plural: mosquitos/ mosquitoes volcanos/volcanoes tornados/tornadoes zeros/zeroes + Final es is added to nouns that end in s, -sh, -ch, -x, -z to form the plural: classes, buses, lashes, sandwiches, boxes, taxes, buzzes * Remember: stomachs, not stomaches quiz quizzes + Final s is added to nouns that end in the other letters: hats, books, tables, desks, pencils, pens, stairs, laptops, computers + If y is preceded by a vowel, only s is added: toys, boys, ashtrays, guys, trays, days, cowboys, keys If y is preceded by a consonant, the y is changed to ie and s is added: baby babies, lady ladies, enemy enemies, ferry ferries, industry industries, spy spies, story stories
V1
He/ She/ It/ Hoa/ Book (singular noun)/ Sand (uncountable noun) + e.g., I know this grammar point very well. She tells me some funny stories.
O Vs/es
+ Final es is added to Verbs that end in s, -sh, -ch, -x, -z, -o: presses, wishes, washes, watches, catches, fixes, fuzzes, goes, does + Final s is added to Verbs that end in other letters: asks, moves, sings, dances, develops, stands, sits, sleeps + If y is preceded by a vowel, only s is added: buys, prays, lays, pays, says If y is preceded by a consonant, the y is changed to ie and s is added: cry cries, try tries, pry pries, fry fries, study studies, fly flies
American bet bet bet fit fit fit get got gotten quit quit quit
British bet bet bet OR bet betted - betted fit fitted - fitted get got got quit quitted - quitted quiz quizzed - quizzed