Bo co thc tp

LI M U
Thng tin lin lc Vin thng l mt thnh phn rt quan trng. p ng nhu cu thng tin lin lc nhm phc v pht trin kinh t- x hi ca t nc trong giai on hin nay v trong tng lai, Vin thng Vit Nam v ang trin khai nhiu chng trnh nng cp v tiu chun ho mng Vin thng. Vic xy dng, pht trin mng vin thng i hi phi c s u t rt ln v hiu qu bn vng lu di. Trong thi gian qua, cng ngh v dch v mng Vin thng c nhng bc tin nhy vt i hi s pht trin ng b tng ng v cng ngh ( bao gm c cng ngh xDSL) v cht lng ca mng ngoi vi. Vi vai tr l mt doang nghip ch o trong vic cung cp cc dch v vin thngcng ngh thng tin, VNPT xy dng h thng truyn s liu tc cao qua mch vng thu botuyn thng s dng cng ngh xDSL. Cng ngh ng dy thu bao s i xng cho php truyn d liu trn i dy cp in thoi vi tc l n 2,3 Mbit/s v c ly truyn c 6,7Km. Cng ngh ng dy thu bao s bt i xng cho php truyn d liu trn i dy cp in thoi m khng nh hng n tn hiu thoi. Vi u im ni tri ca h cng ngh ny l tn dng trit mng cp ng hin c cung cp nhiu dch v bng rng tc cao, p ng cc yu cu , nhu cu s dng ngy cng cao ca khch hng. Cng ngh xDSL chnh l gii php va t hiu qu kinh t, va m bo v mt k thut trong giai on hin nay v tng lai. Vic xDSL c th kt hp vi mng cp quang to kh nng phn phi hiu qu hn cc dch v bng rng, chnh v th xDSL ang l la chn s mt ca cc nh cung cp dch v hin nay. Vi nhng kin thc c hc trng v qu trnh thc tp tt nghip ti Trung tm Vin thng an Phng v trng Hc vin Bu chnh Vin thng em lm bo co thc tp v ti Mng ngoi vi v pht trin dch v ADSL ti Vin Thng H Ni. Bo co thc tp c chia lm 2 phn chnh nh sau: Phn I: - TM HIU CHC NNG, NHIM V MNG NGOI VI
O TH, TRIN KHAI LP T DCH V ADSL THIT B CHUYN MCH

PHN II: - NI DUNG THC TP TI PHNG THC HNH

Trong thi gian lm bo co thc tp do thi gian khng c nhiu nn ni dung bo co khng trnh khi nhng hn ch, knh mong cc thy c gio v bn b quan tm gp bo co c hon thin hn. Em xin chn thnh cm n s ch bo tn tnh ca thy c trong sut qu trnh lm bo co. Em cng xin chn thnh cm n Trung tm Vin thng an Phng v cc bn ng nghip to iu kin, cung cp ti liu s liu lin quan gip ti hon thnh bo co tt nghip. Em xin chn thnh cm n!

PHN I : THC TP TI C S
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CHNG I: TM HIU CHC NNG , NHIM V MNG NGOI VI 1.1 Khi nim Khi mt cuc m thoi c thc hin qua mt mch thoi hoc mt tin bo oc gi qua in bo. Cc my in bo hoc thit b in bo c kt ni vi nhau nh cc dy dn kim loi sao cho dng in mang tn hiu thng tin c th lu thng gia chng. Trong mt mng in thoi hay in bo tt c cc thu bao c kt ni vi thit b tng i bng cp hoc ng truyn dn m thng qua n bt k thu bao no cng c th kt ni vi mt thu bao khc nu mun. Mng ngoi vi l mng thng tin oc cu thnh t tng i n thit b u cui xa nht. 1.2 Cc thnh phn cu thnh mng ngoi vi 1.2.1 Cp Cp Chnh Cp chnh l cp c kt ni t gi u dy MDF ca tng i n nh cp hoc t cp. Cp chnh c dung lng ln t 100x2 n 1200x2. N khng phi l cp gia cm v thng c t trong cng b t tng i i ra. ng knh cp 0,4mm, 0,5 mm cho khu vc thnh ph. Cp c chn su 0,6 m n 1,2m so vi mt t, khong cch ti cc dch v ngm nh ng nc , cng nc. Ring i vi cp in lc l 0,5m. Cc i dy cn tch cc trm trung gian cn phi tch theo nhm hoc nhiu nhm(100x2). Ko cp phi p ng nhu cu lu di t nht 2 nm. Cp ngoi vi l cp c kt ni t nh cp n t cp, cp ny thng c dung lng t 100 n 1200 i. Trong thnh ph ng knh l 0,4mm hoc 0,5 mm . Cp ph v cp nhnh thu bao c kt ni t t cp n hp cp hoc t hp cp n cc hp cp nh hn, cp ny c dung lng nh hn, cp ny c dung lng nh t 10 n 50 i. Trong thnh ph ng knh l 0,4 mm n 0,5 mm. 1.2.2 Nh cp Ni tp trung nhng kt cui ca mt hay nhiu ng cp nhnh i v phng u dy gi l nh cp. 1.2.3 T cp

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L ni tp trung nhng kt cui ca mt hay nhiu si cp t nh cp ti v tp trung nhng kt cui ca mt hay nhiu si cp thu bao i t hp cp ti. T cp l ni kt ni cp, cng c th l ni phn chia cp. Nu l t cui cp thng c mt s dng nh sau: Loi t trn ct thng c phc v mt khu vc khong 500 thu bao. Loi chn t trn b cp thng phc v cho mt khu vc 500 n 2000 thu bao. Loi i ngoi hnh lang phc v cho mt s khch hng dc theo ng cp khong vi trm thu bao. 1.2.4 Hp cp L ni kt cui ca mt cp ngn c dung lng t 50 i tr xung l ni tip cn thu bao gn nht. 1.2.5 Mng xng Mng xng cp dng cho vic ni di cc cun cp c di khc nhau v r nhnh ca cc si cp theo nhiu hng khc nhau, dung lng cp r nhnh ln hn 50 i. 1.2.6 Cng cp v b cp Cng cp Cng cp l h thng dn cp, trc y thng dng cng xi mng loi 2 l, 4 l hoc 6 l c chiu di 1m. Loi ny c h s ma st ln gy kh khn cho thi cng nhng quan trng l thit b bin dng do chuyn ng ca t. Nc d thm nhp lm gim tui th ca cp nht nht l nc thi cng nghip. Mt khc ng cng xy dng theo dc thot nc xung b nn gy kh khn cho vic thi cng l ko cp. Hin nay ngi ta thay th hu ht bng cc ng nha c bit c ng knh 110mm v c di gp 4 n 6 ln cng xi mng. Phng php ny c u im nh, thi cng nhanh, h s ma st b, chu n mn ho hc tt. Nu nhng ni cn chu lc tt, ngi ta sn xut ra loi cng c sc bn ngang thp. Ngoi ra loi ny c th hn kn mi ni khng nc vo. u cp b cng c bt kn bng vt liu ring nn nc khng thm vo c s lm tng tui th ca cp. Loi cng ny khng cn to dc khi thi cng nn cng tng tc thi cng p ng c chin lc tng tc khi cn thit. Hin nay Vit Nam dng ch yu l ng nha. ng cng mang hnh cy chun khng cn tch hp cho mch vng si quang na. Trong khu vc thng mi m bo tnh linh hot cu trc cy phi oc chuyn thnh cu trc hnh nhn. ng cng phi m bo c ly vi cc dch v ngm nht l ng in lc 0,5m.

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Hin nay Vit Nam dng cng mu vng phn bit cc ng cng khc. ng cng trnh un cong t ngt nu khng s lm tng sc ko cng khi ko cp ( khng nn un 90 ). Trnh t gn mng nh, trnh nc thi ngm vo. Tt nht l qua ng dng ct thp . - Tc dng ca cng cp Bo m cho si cp an ton khng b ph hoi bi nhng iu kin thin nhin, kh hu, con ngi. Chng c nh hng xuyn nhiu ca ng dy in lc v truyn thanh. Cp i trong cng bo m m quan ng ph, m rng mng li nhanh gn, p ng nhu cu tin v cht lng cng trnh. Thun tin cho vic tu sa bo qun hoc khi ko ng cp mi. - Nhng yu cu k thut cng cp Phi c c hc cao, chu un, chu nn vi lc ln Khng thm nc, thm kh. Phi cch in tt gia cp v t, ngn nga c dng in ngm ngoi i vo. Khng gy tc dng ho hc vi v cp. Mt trong ca cng phi nhn - Cc loi cng cp: + Cng b tng + Cng thp + Cng nha PVC B cp Khong cch trung bnh mt b cp ph thuc vo tng a hnh thit k, lp t mt b cp, b cp thng xy hnh ch nht, y b tng v np l mt tm b tng 2 an, n 12 an. Ngoi ra cng c th b tr b cp cc im phn chia cp. B cp l ni ni cp ( mng xng) , l ni lun ghi ko h tr cp khi thi cng. Yu cu k thut ca b cp: B cp phi c kch thc ph hp vi thit k lp t tin cho cng nhn thao tc v bo qun k thut

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. Cp i trong b khng oc chng cho ln nhau, phi m bo bn knh un cong nh nht ca cp khi i vng trong b cp. m bo cng c hc cao. Np b cp phi kht, c rc bn t khng c tri xung b cp. Cc in tt gia cp v t, ngn nga dng in lt t t i vo cp. Khng chu s ph hoi ca cc cht trong t. Cc thit b trong b cp phi ng quy cch tiu chun, thot nc tt. _ Cc loi b cp: B cp bng b tng, b cp bng gch. 1.3 Cu trc mng cp ni ht 1.3.1 Khi nim Mng ni ht t xa vn mang mt ngha hp gm: Tng i v tt c cc thit b n tn thu bao. Ngy nay vi k thut s pht trin v khi nim mng ni ht c m rng. Trc y khu vc phc v ch bao hp vng th x, thnh ph th nay c th phc v cc nhm thu bao xa bng thit b u cui quang, bng ng viba s c dung lng nh v vn ti vng nng thn bng mng vin thng nng thn.

1.3.2 Cu trc Mng cp ni ht gm nhiu tuyn cp, n xut pht t phng u dy n nh cp , t cp, thu bao. MDF Cp chnh NC HC HC

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TB TB TC Cp chnh HC TB

TB TB Cp chnh MXT2C MXABC TB

TB TB Hnh 1.1 Mng ni ht Ch thch: MDF : Phng u dy NC : Nh cp TC : T cp HC : Hp cp TB : Thu bao MX : Mng xng 1.4 S c t chc xy dng mng ngoi vi T chc mng ngoi vi phi da trn: - Cu trc ca mng chuyn mch quc gia v theo vng phc v ca tng i ni ht. - Mt dn c tng vng, tc tng trng thu bao hng nm, nhu cu s dng cc dch v vin thng ca tng khu vc c bit l cc dch v bng rng nh Internet v truyn s liu tc cao. - Quy hoch pht trin th, cc trung tm thng mi, cc khu cng nghip, khu ch xut u t nc ngoi, cc vng kinh t trng im ca trung ng v a phng. - Hiu qu kinh t trong vic u t xy dng, thun li cho cng tc bo tr khai thc mng ngoi vi.

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1.4.1 Mng cp chnh - Cn c vo c im a l v vng phc v ca cc tng i, mng cp chnh phi c t chc theo tng tuyn v c phn vng phc v cho tng cp chnh. - Cp chnh phi c ngm ho ti a ti cc trung tm vin thng. - S dng mng xng cp trn cc tuyn cp chnh r nhnh cp chnh sang cc tuyn cp khc nhau vi nhu cu dung lng cp cn dng trn cc tuyn nhnh thp hn. Mng xng cp phi chu c ngp nc lu ngy. - T cp cp I c dung lng t 200 i n 600 i. - T cp c t trong vng phc v ca t cp. V tr t t oc la chn sao cho bo m yu cu s dng ti u dung lng cng b cng nh thun tin cho vic thi cng cp, bo dng , x l v thay th hp cp. - Khng t t cp gn t phn phi in lc, t cao trnh ngp lt theo cc quy nh v phng chng lt bo ca cng ty. - Cc tuyn cp c cht lng xu do s dng lu ngy hoc do s c k thut cn c phng n thay th. 1.4.2 Mng cp phi - Ti cc trung tm tnh , th x, phi thc hin trit vic ngm ho cp phi. - Mng xng cp c s dng r nhnh cp phi khi cn thit nhm mc tiu gim cp phi cp trn ton tuyn v nng cao cht lng tuyn cp. - Khong cch gia hai t cp lin k trn mt tuyn cp hoc gia cc t cp ca 2 tuyn khc nhau trong khong t 200m n 300m. Ti cc khu vc c mt in thoi c bit cao th khong cch gia 2 t cp c th ngn hn yu cu trn. - Cc hp cp c dung lng t 10 i n 50 i. T cp cp II c dung lng t 100 n 200 i. 1.4.3 Cp vo nh thu bao - Cp vo nh thu bao l on cp ni t hp cp vo nh thu bao c lp t theo 2 phng thc: Treo hoc ngm. .Dung lng ca cp t mt n hai i ,li cp c xon i v c bn vi nhau theo TCN 68-153:1998;

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- Cp vo nh thu bao cang ngn cang tt khng di qu 200m trong cc th,th xa,th trn.Ti nng thn th c th di hn trong phm vi cho php v suy hao. 1.4.4 Cp Vng - Cp vng l cp c ni gia hai t cp cp 1 ca hai cp chnh trong vng phc v ca mt tng i ni ht hoc gia hai t cp cp 2 trong vng phc v ca cp chnh ; - Cp vng c s dngvi mc chp ng nhu cu t chc thng tin t xut do thiu cp pht trin thu bao , thii s cc b hoc cn pht trin thu bao , thiu s cc b hoc cn pht trin dch v thu knh v v.ca n v khi cp chnh hay cp phi ti vng phc v s dng ht dung lng hoc c cht lng xu cn phi chuyn sang tuyn khc. -ng knh si ng ca cp vng phi bng ng knh si ng ca cp chnh trong trng hp cp vng ni ga hai t cp cp 1 v bng ng knh cp phi trong trng hp cp vng ni gia hai t cp cp II.

Cp vng M D F Cp chnh X

Cp chnh Y T cp Cp ng

Hnh 1.2 S cp vng gia hai t cp cp I ca hai cp chnh - di ca cp vng phi c tnh ton sao cho m bo cc ch tiu suy hao ng dy ca mch vng thu bao. - S dng cp vng ch l gii php tm thi khc phc c tnh cht ng cu v loi b gii php tm thi ny khi c iu kin.hnh 1.2 m t cch u cp vng gia hai t cp cp I ca hai cp chnh khc nhau. 1.4.5 Bn knh phc v ca mng truy nhp cp ng v tiu chun k thut

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- i vi vng mt dn c cao bn knh phc v tnh t trung tm chuyn mch n hp cp kt cui khng qu 3km vi c dy 0.4mm v khng qu 4km i vi c dy 0.5mm, suy hao ng dy t gi MDF n hp cp kt cui khng qu 7dB, in tr mch vng ca mt i cp t MDF n hp cp khng qu 1000 - i vi vng mt dn s thp bn knh phc v ca mng cp tnh t trung tm chuyn mch n hp cp kt cui c th ln hn 4km nhng suy hao ng dy thu bao khng vt qu 10 dB v khngb qu 2 ln thay i ng knh dy.C th s dng cp ng c ng knh 0,65mm hoc 0,9mm m rng vng phc v. - Mc tiu lu di i vi mng ngoi vi ca bu in l t c 90% thu bao nm trong bn knh phc v <3km. 1.4.6 h thng h tr bo v mng ngoi vi a. H thng hm h cng cp y l phn rt quan trng ca h thng mng ngoi vi v c t chc nh sau: - Phng hm c xy dng ndi phng t MDF ca tng i. - Phng hm cp l ni t cc mng xng cp ng mt u l cp chnh mt u l cp chng chy c ni vo MDF. - ng hm cp c xy dng t phng hm cp n ht hm cp u tin r hng cp, ng hm phi c khe cp, cp t MDF , ODF i cc hng c c nh trn cc ke cp d thi cng bo qun. - H thng hm b cng cp ca mng ngoi vi pah quy hoch p ng vi s pht trin thu bao khong t 20-30 nm - Kch thc ca hm b, cng cp phi tun th theo quy phm xy dng ca mng ngoi vi - S lng v loi ng cho tng tuyn cp khi thit k phi da vo d bo di hn mt thu bao tng vng - Khi thit k mi hoc sa cha nng cp ti cc khu vc trung tm , th x cn c ngm ho cc tuyn cp chnh. b. H thng ng ct treo cp thng tin

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- Nhng ni cha c h thng cng cp hoc khng c kh nng xy dng h thng cng cp do iu kin v kinh t k thut - Nhng ni cha c quy hoch vng dn c m c nhu cu pht trin thu bao ln. - Nhng ni c ng in lc th c th treo cp thng tin chung trn ng ct nhm mc ch gim gi thnh chi ph. - Nhng ni thng xuyn xy ra bo l m gy nhiu ln ct t cp thng tin th cc n v c php trin khai tuyn cng b cp hoc chn trc tip bo v cp thng tin trong ma ma bo. c. H thng chng st cho mng ngoi vi H thng chng st cho mng ngoi vi phi tun th theo quy trnh quy phm xy dng mng ngoi vi theo tiu chun nghnh v B thng tin truyn thng ban hnh. CHNG II : O TH , TRIN KHAI LP T DCH V ADSL S pht trin ca cng ngh ng dy thu bao s ph thuc vo cht lng v thit k mng cp ni ht. Vic nh gi ban u mch vng thu bao l rt cn thit xc nh xem mch vng thu bao c kh nng p ng tc truyn dn thu bao s hay khng. Trc khi cung cp dch v ADSL cn phi o th xc nh ng dy c th dung np cng ngh ADSL c khng. 2.1 o th trc khi hp ng a. Nghin cu v tr a l Nghin cu v tr a l bao gm mt s v mt cy thc. Cng vic ny bao gm nhm tm kim cc khch hng nm trong tm 4,5 km k t tng i n nh thu bao. b. Nghin cu h s cp Bao gm xem xt h s cp vi cc vng thu bao c di di 4,5 km m khng c cun ti hay cc nhn t khc bt li cho tn hiu ADSL. Nu h s cp tt th t l thnh cng l 80-90%. c. o kim cht lng

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C 2 phng php thc hin o l o mt u ti tng i v o 2 u ti v tr thu bao. o th nhm mc ch xem th mch vng thu bao c truyn dn tn hiu n thit b thutn hiu c m bo cht lng khng. 2.2 o th xc nhn sau khi lp t Sau khi lp t c dch v c nhiu yu t nh hng n cht lng dch v nh: thi tit ma , s c cp, nhiu cm ng Do vy h s ca ng dy thu bao ang o th l rt cn thit cung cp cc php o ng cho thu bao. Vic o th c th thc hin bng 3 phng php : o th 2 u, o th 1 u v o th qua thit b cung cp dch v nh DSLAM. 1.2 Cc php o nh gi cht lng mng cp ng trc khi trin khai ADSL a. in tr ( php o OHM) Mc ch: Kim tra in tr ca dy dn v xc nh ng dy c b ngn mch hay chp t hay khng. Tiu ch nh gi: theo tiu chun ANSI T1.413 gi tr in tr cch in gia T &R phi t gi tr nh nht l 10 Mohm cho dch v ADSL T_R>10 MOhm: nu khng th b ngn mch T_G> 10 MOhm : Nu khng th b chp t R_G >10 MOhm: Nu khng th b chp t b. in dung( Php o CAP) Php o in dung i dy cho bit i dy b h hay ngn mch. Thc hin php o in tr kim tra sau thc hin php o TDR xc nh v tr ngn mch ca i dy. Php o in dung c th cung cp di ca i dy ( tnh t u o n u h mch). Do php o in dung cho php pht hin cc nhnh cu. c. in p mt chiu ( php o DCV) Mc ch: Dng in chy trong i dy l dng in 48 VDC (52VDC) ly t tng i. in p ny c t trong dy R, dt T cch ly so vi mt t. Tiu ch nh gi : Kt qu l -48V i vi R_G , 48 V i vi T_R . Nu khng th phi kim tra li tng i. d. in p xoay chiu( Php o ACV)

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Mc ch: Kim tra s xut hin ca dng xoay chiu ACV do s tc ng ca cc ngun ln cn. C kh nng cm ng 50/60Hz t ng in lc. Tiu ch nh gi: kim tra 3 gi tr thu c, gi tr ln nht ch th nh hng ca dng in xoay chiu thu c trn i dy. e. in tr mch vng Php o ny kim tra in tr mch vng ca i dy( ni dy tip v ring ti u xa) in tr mch vng cung cp dch v ADSL khng oc ln hn 1300 m in tr cng oc s dng xc nh di i dy. f. Pht hin nhnh cu Nhnh cu l mt on cp bt k khng nm trn tuyn kt ni trc tip gi tng i v thu bao.Nhnh cu cng gn modem bao nhiu th n gy tc hi cng nhiu. Php o TDR l cng c tt nht pht hin nhnh cu. g. Php o phn x min thi gian( Php o TDR) Php o hot ng theo phng php pht mt xung ln trn i dy v sau o cc tn hiu phn x tr li, u im chnh l kh nng pht hin v tr li chnh xc. Trong khi cng c pht hin cun cm ch pht hin c cun cm trn i dy th php o TDR li cho php xc nh v tr cun cm mt cch chnh xc. h. Kim tra kh nng tng thch ph tn s Cc dch v c cung cp trn cc i dy gn k c th gy ra xuyn m cho i dy cn kim tra. Do phi kim tra kh nng tng thch ph tn s ca i dy cn kim tra.Cng c kim tra kh nng tng thch ph tn s cho php nhn dng cc ngun nhiu. Cc mu ph tn s ca cc dch v gy ra nhiu cho php nhn dng c ngun dch v gy nhiu. Thng qua cp php o chng ta c th tm ra cc li ngn mch, h mch, tip xc trn mng cp ng, loi b cun cm, nhnh cu, x l chng nhiu v pht hin ngun in p l tc ng ln i dy.

CHNG III : TNG QUAN THIT B TNG I A1000E10

1. H thng tng i Alcatel A1000E10. 1.1 Cu trc tng quan ca tng i Tng i A1000E10 l h thng chuyn mch hon ton s ho iu khin theo chng trnh lu tr SPC, do hng Alcatel CIT ca Php ch to. Vi tnh nng a ng dng A1000 E10 c th m ng chc nng ca mt tng i hon chnh, t 12
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tng i thu bao dung lng nh ti tng i chuyn tip hay cng quc t dung lng ln. A1000 E10 c th cung cp nhiu loi cu hnh dch v vin thng khc nhau p ng yu cu vin thng hin ti v tng lai nh in thoi, dch v ISDN, dch v mng thng minh IN v cc dch v khc. N c th cung cp v qun l c mi loi h thng bo hiu trong mng. A1000 E10 cu trc phn h bi 3 phn h: 1. Phn h truy nhp thu bao: c nhim v u ni cc thu bao s hoc tng t. 2. Phn h u ni v iu khin: c nhim v x l cc cuc gi v thit lp u ni. 3. Phn h vn hnh khai thc v bo dng: c chc nng vn hnh v bo dng h thng. Mi phn h c phn mm ring ph hp vi cc chc nng ca n. * Thng s k thut: - S ng dy thu bao: 200.000 - S trung k: 60.000 - Mng chuyn mch mt tng T( 2048 x 2048 ). - C ch d phng v t iu chnh ti. - BHCA ( Busy hour call attempt ) -> nng lc ca h thng l 8 triu BHCA. 1.2 Cu trc chc nng h thng . - Cu trc phn tn, mi phn h m nhim mt chc nng c th trong h thng
CSND

CR
CSNL

BT

SMX
CSED URM
COM

LR
ETA
PUPE

T
TOKENRING CIEEE 802 x

OM

MR

TR

TX

MQ

PC

GX

Hnh 2.1: Cu trc chc nng h thng. Trong : - COM: B iu khin u ni ma trn - ETA: Qun l thit b ph tr - PUPE: B x l tn hiu s 7 - URM: B iu khin trung k 13
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- BT: B thi gian c s - MR: B x l gi - LR: ng mng - TR: B bin dch v gi tr c s d liu - TX: B tnh cc - MQ: B phn phi - GX: B qun l kt ni - OM: B O & M -CSNL: B truy nhp thu bao ni ht - CSND: B truy nhp thu bao xa - CSED: B tp trung thu bao xa - SMX: Trm iu khin u ni. * Chc nng : +) COM: - iu khin qu trnh thit lp v gii phng u ni trong trng chuyn mch - Phng v u ni - ci t trong mt trm SMX mi trm SMX s dng ma trn u ni 256 x 256. - COM v SMX u c trang b d phng song song ACT/ACT. - D phng: + ACT /ACT ( Active /Active ) + Nng ( ACT / SBY ) + N + 1 ( n ACT, 1 SBY ) + Phn ti +) B c s trm ( BT ). - Phn phi thi gian c s ( tn hiu ng b ) trn c s ly tn hiu ng b bn ngoi a qua b to dao ng thch anh ( OSC ), do chnh xc l 10 -6, bao gm tn hiu 2Mhz, 8Mhz, 16Mhz . - Trang b kp 3. +) B iu khin trung k URM. - iu khin giao tip vi h thng bn ngoi, bin i chc nng lung PCM thnh LR v ngc li, bao gm qu trnh bin i m HDB3 thnh m nh phn NRZ v bin i tc lung 2Mb/s thnh lung tc 4Mb/s. +) B qun l thit b ph tr ETA . - To tone - Thu pht a tn 14
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- Qun l ng h +) B x l bo hiu s 7 PUPE . - X l bo hiu mc 2 v mt phn mc 3 +) B x l gi MR. - Thit lp v gii phng cuc gi v c cu trc a thnh phn: + Tm kim Thay i MLMR/E + Macro (1 4 Macro), 1 macro 1024 Register. +) B qun l CSDL v bin dch TR. - Qun l thu bao v lm trung k - Trung k cha cc thu bao ca lung trung k v cc thuc tnh ca lung trung k. - Chm knh trung k: Tn trung k, thuc tnh ca knh, tm hng lung knh i hoc v. - Ngoi ra cn chc nng bin dch con s danh b thnh con s thit b v ngc li. +) B tnh cc TX. - m nhim chc nng tnh cc cho mi cuc gi, s liu cc thuc thanh ghi. - Qun l lu lng, c cu trc a thnh phn. +) B phn phn phi bn tin MQ. - To ra cc message truyn trong h thng ph hp vi khun dng ca mi trng trao i: + TOKENRING MIS: Mch vng trao i thng tin cc b MR,TX, PC,OM MAS: Mch vng thuc ph thuc iu khin u ni +) B phng v v bo hiu s 7 PC. - Mt phn chc nng ca mc 3 trong m hnh SS7. - Cu hnh ti cc ng bo hiu trong mi trng c li xy ra. +) B qun tr u ni GX. - Truyn cc yu cu u ni v gii phng u ni trong chuyn mch - Phng v u ni. +) B vn hnh bo dng OM. - Khi to v kin to h thng - Giao tip ngi my - Cnh bo - Lu tr d liu +) B truy nhp thu bao 15
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- Ni ht ( CSNL ) - ng di ( CSND ) tng i v tinh Rss CSLN CSND

16 LR

OCB -283 c thc hin bng bo hiu s 7 -TS16 OCB 283

16 PCM

Trong : LR v LR1 Dnh cho bo hiu s 7 PCM v PCM1

2. Cu trc phn cng tng i A1000E10. - SMX: Trm iu khin ma trn - STS: Trm ng b v c s trm - SMA: Trm iu khin thit b ph tr - SMC: Trm iu khin trung k - SMN: Trm O & M - MAS: Mch vng thng tin trong h u ni v iu khin - MIS: Mch vng thng tin ni b. S khi:
CSND CSNL
CSED

LR

SMX
COM

STS

LR T
PCM

SMT T
MAS

SMA

SMC

MSI SM M
TMN

PC

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Hnh 2.2: Cu trc phn cng tng i A1000 E10 Tt c cc trm iu khin ( SMA ,SMX ,SMT 2G ,SMC ,SMN ) u c xy dng bi h thng a x l A8300. MC: B nh chung Coupler: B kt ni 2.1. Cu trc chc nng SMC . Hnh 2.3: Cu trc chc nng SMC
MIS

CMP

PUP

MC

PUP 1

PUP 4

BSM 16 bit
CMS1

-----------------------------

CMS4

4
MAS4

MAS1

Ghi ch : - BSM: Bus trm a x l - 1 CMP: B kt ni chnh - 1 -> 4 CMS: B kt ni ph - 1 PUP: B x l chnh - 1 PUS: B x l ph 2.2 Chc nng SM . Clock: B qun l gi h thng CSTV: B x l tn hiu ting CSMP: B x l a giao thc ( HDLC, SS7 ) .

MAS

CMS

PUP

MC

PUS

CTSV

CSMP

Clock

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Hnh 2.4: Chc nng SM 2.3. Chc nng trm SMX . - Mt trm SMX dng ma trn 256 x 256 - D liu 2048 x2048 -> 8 trm SMX Trong thc t ngi ta ch sn xut c ma trn chuyn mch 64 x 64 ( Base clock)
64 1.1 64 1.2 64
1.32

64

0 -63

2.1

2.2

2.32

64 3.2
3.32

64-127

3.1

64 128-191

4.1

4.2

4.32

192-255

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PHN II

TM HIU THIT B FLX150/600

I. GII THIU CHUNG V THIT B FLX150/600. FLX150/600 l thit b ghp knh c kh nng hot ng tt c cc v tr khc nhau trong mng SDH vi tc STM-1 v c th nng cp ln STM-4. H thng ny c phng thc qun l tin tin nhm theo di v iu khin d dng hot ng ca mng, vn hnh linh hot v c chc nng bo v, to tin cy cao; ngoi ra c kh nng ng dng linh hot vo mng nh tnh nng ni cho. Thit b FLX150/600 bao gm mt gi my, hot ng nh l thit b STM-1, hoc STM-4 nh c thit k theo modul, c ng dng rng ri trong tt c cc cu hnh mng: im - im, phn nhnh, chui, vng (ring). II. CC CU HNH MNG. Cu hnh SDH cho php cu hnh mng rt linh hot v a dng nh: mng im ni im, mng a im, xen r nhnh, mng vng ring, mng a vng ring. Ti cc trm u cui STM cc lung tn hiu 2Mbit/s, 34Mbit/s, 140Mbit/s qua cc thit b ghp knh ng b thnh cc lung 155Mbit/s v c truyn ti cc trm tip theo bng si quang. 1. Cu hnh mng im-im. Trong mng ny, FLX150/600 c kt ni l hai thit b u cui (TRM) lin kt vi nhau. Ti mi trm, FLX150/600 cung cp chc nng tch ghp cc lung tn hiu 2,048 Mbps; 34,368 Mbps; 139,264 Mbps; STM-1 hoc STM-4. y l cu hnh mng n gin nht, ph hp vi nhng tuyn dung lng nh v khong cch gn. Cp quang 2,048 Mbps 34,368 Mbps 139,264 Mbps STM-1 TRM STM-1/4
Hnh 1.1. S cu hnh mng im - im

TRM

2,048 Mbps 34,368 Mbps 139,264 Mbps STM-1

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2. Cu hnh mng xen r. Mng chui l mng c t ba thit b tr ln trong hai trm hai u c cu hnh u cui TRM, cn c cc trm gia c cu hnh tch ghp ADM hoc lp li tn hiu REG Cc thit b trung gian c cu trc xen/r ADM cung cp cc lung gi liu tc thp (Cc tn hiu mc VC) trong STM-1 hoc STM-4. Cc thit b c cu hnh ti sinh tn hiu REG s cung cp kh nng truy nhp vo phn RSOH cho vic gim st v iu khin.
Cp quang Cp quang Cp quang

TRM STM-1/4
STM-1

ADM STM-1/4
STM-1

REG STM-1/4
STM-1

ADM

TRM

STM-1

Hnh 1.2. S cu hnh mng chui

3. Cu hnh vng ring. Trong mng ny, cc nt mng c lin kt vi nhau theo mt vng trn khp kn. Ti mi nt mng, FLX150/600 l thit b xen r ADM, cho php nh khai thc 20
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truy nhp ti lung tc thp (tc l cc mc VC) trong tn hiu STM-1/4, mng ny c chc nng bo v lung nhnh PPS. Trong mng vng, FLX150/600 pht tn hiu theo c hai hng, ti pha thu, FLX150/600 la chn mt trong hai tn hiu thu c c cht lng cao nht da trn c ch kim tra li v thng tin cnh bo ca tn hiu thu c. Bng vic thit lp hai tuyn truyn dn ring bit vi cng mt tn hiu, cu hnh ny cung cp mt mng SDH dung lng cao v kh nng t khi phc khi c s c ti nt v tuyn m khng cn s can thip ca qun l mng bn ngoi.

STM-1/4

FLX150/600 ADM

STM-1/4

FLX150/600 ADM

FLX150/600 ADM

STM-1/4

FLX150/600 ADM

STM-1/4

Hnh 1.3. S cu hnh mng vng

III. CC CU HNH THIT B. 1. Thit b u cui (TRM). Thit b u cui l thit b c phn giao din quang ch i theo mt hng Thit b u cui ch s dng trong cu hnh mng im - im hoc mng chui. Thit b u cui ghp knh tn hiu lung nhnh (TRIB) thnh mt tn hiu 21
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tng hp (AGGR) STM-1 hoc STM-4. Lung tn hiu tng STM-N c th d phng (1+1) hoc khng d phng, tu thuc nh khai thc. TRM Giao din nhnh TRIB Giao din tng hp AGGR

Hnh 1.4. S tng qut cu hnh u cui (TRM)

2. Thit b xen /r (ADM). Thit b xen/r l thit b c hai nhm giao din quang i theo hai hng khc nhau. Trong cu hnh mng chui, mng vng v mng HUB, thit b FLX150/600 trung gian c t thnh cu hnh xen/r ADM. Thit b ADM c nhim v tch cc tn hiu t tn hiu STM-N xung giao din nhnh v ghp cc tn hiu lung nhnh ln tn hiu tng STM-N hoc cho tn hiu chy thng qua m khng tch ghp xung trm. Thit b ADM cng c th hon chuyn cc khe thi gian hoc lin kt cho ni b gia cc khe, y chnh l chc nng u ni cho. Tn hiu tng STM-N c cu hnh d phng (1+1) hoc (1+0) tu thuc vo nh khai thc. ADM Giao din tng hp AGGR Tu chn MSP Tu chn MSP Giao din tng hp AGGR

Hnh 1.5. S cu hnh xen/r (ADM)

3. Thit b lp (REG). Khi c ly thng tin qu xa, thit b FLX150/600 c cu hnh ADM hay TRM khng th truyn tn hiu vi cht lng tt nht t ngun n ch, gii quyt vn 22
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ny ngi ta s dng thit b lp (REG) t xen vo gia tuyn truyn dn. Thit b REG ti to tn hiu quang nhn c truyn n ch cui cng. i vi s khi, thit b lp cng ging nh thit b ADM nhng giao din tng hp l STM-4 v phn giao din nhnh khng c. REG Giao din tng hp AGGR Giao din tng hp AGGR

Hnh 1.6. S cu hnh thit b lp (REG)

IV. S KHI THIT B FLX150/600. S khi h thng thit b FLX150/600

Cnh bo, qun l, Giao tip B vi x l PC nghip v SACL NML MPL ng b ngoi TSCL(1 ) TSCL(2 ) Ngun

PWRL(1) PWRL(2)

1-1

CH CH
1-2

TSCL(2) TSCL(1)

2-1

CH CH
2-2

CH

CH

CH

CH

CH

CH

4 Nhm 3

6 Nhm 5

8 Nhm 7

Hnh 1.7. S khi tng qut thit b FLX150/600

Trong h thng FLX150/600 c chia lm 4 phn chnh: - Phn giao din trm - Phn chung - Phn giao din tng 23
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- Phn giao din nhnh 1. Phn giao din trm Thit b FLX150/600 cung cp vng kt ni cho vic u dy tn hiu: mt trong s l vng kt ni chung, bao gm cc u ni dng cho tn hiu vn hnh, bo dng h thng v u ni tn hiu STM-1E. Bn vng cn li dng cho tn hiu nhnh v ng h, dng cho cc loi u ni khc nhau v s lng cng khc nhau tu theo cu hnh. u ni tn hiu nhnh, tn hiu ng b c thit k thnh bng, c th tho ri c v cc bng u ni ny cho php truy nhp tn hiu ngoi. 2. Phn chung y l phn m tt c cc cu hnh thit b u c. Trn gi FLX-LS, phn ny gm cc card sau: SACL, NML, MPL, TSCL(1), TSCL(2), PWRL(1), PWRL(2). 3. Phn giao din tng Phn giao din tng hp l phn giao din quang gm bn khe trn gi FLX-LS, bn khe ny c nh s nh sau: CH1-1, CH1-2 (nhm 1); CH2-1, CH2-2 (nhm 2). Cc khe ny s dng cho cc lung tn hiu 139,264 Mbps; STM-1; STM-4. Cc thit b ADM trong mng chui, nhm 1 v nhm 2 c s dng cho cu hnh d phng 1+1 khi c hai khe ca mt nhm u lp card, khng c chc nng d phng 1+1 khi mi nhm ch c mt khe c card. Cc thit b ADM trong mng vng s dng hai khe: CH1-2 v CH2-2 hoc CH1-1 v CH2-1. Cc khe CH2-1, CH2-2 cng c th s dng lp cu hnh d phng cho giao din nhnh.

V. HIN TRNG H THNG TI A IM THC TP 1. Cu hnh h thng.

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Phng thc hnh b mn thng tin quang c lp t mt h thng truyn dn SDH s dng thit b FLX150/600. H thng c lp t theo cu hnh mng vng tc STM-1 v STM-4.
Node 2
FLX 150/600

STM-1

STM-1

21E1 Node 1
FLX 150/600

Node 3
FLX 150/600

STM-4
1x34Mb/s(1+1) 21x2Mb/s(1:1) 1x34Mb/s 21x2Mb/s

Hnh 1.8. H thng TTQ SDH ti phng thc hnh

Nt 1: Bo v 1+1 cho cc card PWRL1 v TSCL1 1lung 34Mb/s bo v 1+1 21 lung 2Mb/s bo v 1:1 S dng card giao din quang STM-4 CHSD-4L1 kt ni vi Node 3 S dng card giao din quang STM-1 CHSD-1S1 kt ni vi Node 2
Vng giao din trm S A C L N M M P L L
C H S D 4 L 1 Hnh1.9. C H S D 1

T S C L 1

T S C L 2

C H P D D 3

C H P D D 3

C H P D 1 2

C H P D 1 2

C H S W D 1

P W R L 1

P W R L 1

S b tr cc card ca nt 1

Nt 2: Bo v 1+0 cho cc card PWRL1 v TSCL1 21 lung 2Mb/s S dng card giao din quang STM-1 CHSD-1S1 kt ni vi Node1 v Node 3 25
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Vng giao din trm S A C L N M M P L L C H S D 1 C H S D 1 T S C L 1

C H P D 1 2

P W R L 1

Hnh1.10. B tr cc card ca nt 2

Vng giao din trm (SIA) 3: Bo v 1+0 cho cc card PWRL1 v TSCL1 1lung 34Mb/s 21 lung 2Mb/s

Nt

S dng card giao din quang STM-4 CHSD-4L1 kt ni vi Node 1 S dng card giao din quang STM-1 CHSD-1S1 kt ni vi Node 2
Vng giao din trm S A C L N M M P L L C H S D 1 C H S D 4 T S C L 1
C H P D D 3 C H P D 1 2

P W R L 1

Hnh 1.11. B tr cc card ca nt 3

Gia cc nt mng c th lin lc c thoi nghip v. Nt s 1 v nt s 3 c gi u dy in cho cc lung 34Mb/s v 2Mb/s, cha c gi u dy quang. Nt s 2 cha c gi u dy in v quang. 2. Chc nng cc card 26
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S N M C C C C T T C C C C C C P P A M P H H H H S S H H H H H H W W C L L C C M M L L L L L (1) (2) (1) (2) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Hnh 1.12. Phn b card trn mt gi thit b FLX150/600

2.1. Cc card chung Card ngun (PWRL): lp khe 16, 17 vi k hiu PWRL(1), PWRL(2). Chuyn i in p 48V hoc 60V t t ngun thnh cc in p u ra: +5V; -5,2V; +12V, +3,3V DC. Cc in p ny c a ti tng card tu theo nhu cu s dng ca tng card. Kim tra n nh v an ton ca in p u ra. Nu c s c, n s ngt tt c in p u ra ng thi to cnh bo v s bt thng . Kim ta in p u vo ti im kim tra mt trc card. Lu tr cc d liu vt l ca chnh n m khng th thay i c v trn card khng c cc nt gt v cc thng s thit lp cu hnh. Card cnh bo, nghip v (SACL): lp khe s 1 vi k hiu SACL. Ch th cnh bo thit b bng cc LED v a cnh bo ra thit b cnh bo ngoi. C mt nt mt trc card th hot ng ca LED. Cung cp chc nng nghip v v cc giao din nghip v, gip ngi vn hnh bo dng lin lc gia cc trm vi nhau. Cung cp chc nng qun l cnh bo trm. Card giao din qun l mng (NML): lp khe s 2 vi k hiu NML Cung cp giao din truyn thng qun l mng NMS, c knh DCC truyn d liu qun l, iu hnh mng gia cc nt mng, c giao din RS-232 kt ni trc tip vi phn mm FLEXR. Cung cp giao din X.25 kt ni vi mng chuyn mch gi, qua phn mm qun l mng c th truy nhp ti cc thit b FLX150/600. 27
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Card vi x l (MPL): lp khe s 3 vi k hiu MPL Thc hin thit lp h thng v gim st Thu thp cnh bo ca cc card gi ti cc LED trn card SACL Lu tr d liu qun l v bo dng ca tt c cc card Card chuyn mch lung v iu khin thi gian (TSCL): lp khe s 8 v s 9 vi k hiu TSCL(1), TSCL(2). Thc hin chc nng x l con tr, u ni cho v kim tra lung tn hiu i thng. iu khin tn hiu ng h, trong trng hp ng h b ngt n s gi li tn s v pha ca tn hiu ng h s dng ln sau cng v duy tr vic cung cp. Chuyn i d phng card. Nu mt card CHPD-12 b s c, n s chuyn cc lung t card lm vic sang card d phng ph hp vi thng lnh ca card CHSW-D1. 2.2. Cc card giao din Card giao din 2,048 Mbps (CHPD-D12C) Chuyn i 21 knh tn hiu 2,048 Mbps n t cc thit b ghp knh ngoi thnh mt tn hiu AU-4 v ngc li. u vng cc tn hiu 2,048 Mbps trn card. Khi to tn hiu ng h. La chn v thng tin cnh bo. Khi to li ngun. Card giao din 34 Mbps (CHPD-D3) Cung cp mt giao din nhnh c lp 34 Mbps Ghp lung 34 Mbps vo VC-3 Card giao din 140 Mbps (CHPD-D4) Cung cp giao din nhnh 140 Mbps Ghp lung 140 Mbps vo VC-4. Cc card CHPD c lp cc khe: 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15. Card giao din STM-1 in (CHSD-1E) 28
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Cung cp mt giao din nhnh STM-1 in Chn, tch cc byte mo u MSOH, RSOH v theo di trng thi ng. Card giao din STM-1 quang (CHSD-1XXX): cc modul thu v pht c t trn cng mt card. Cung cp giao din STM-1 quang. Chn, tch cc byte mo u MSOH, RSOH v theo di trng thi ng. C 3 loi card STM-1 quang: CHSD-1S1, CHSD-1L1, CHSD-1L2. Card STM-4 quang (CHSD-4XXX): cc modul thu v pht c t trn cng mt card. Cung cp giao din STM-4 quang. Chn, tch cc byte mo u MSOH, RSOH v theo di trng thi ng. C 2 loi card STM-4 quang: CHSD-4L1, CHSD-4L2. Cc card CHSD c lp khe 4, 5, 6, 7 vi k hiu 1-1, 1-2, 2-1, 2-2, cho cc giao din tng. Cc card CHSD c lp khe 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 vi k hiu 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 cho giao din nhnh. Card iu khin chuyn mch lung (CHSW): c lp khe 15, c chc nng iu khin chuyn mch bo v cho giao din nhnh trong cu hnh d phng 1:n.

Phn VI

K Thut Hn Cp
4.1.Chun b u cp: 4.1.1.Cc cng c cn dng trong cng tc chun b u cp: -Dng c tch v cp 29
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-Km,dao,ko - Dng c ct ng lng -Khn giy -Bao tay

4.1.2.Cc bc thc hin: 1.Dng dng c tch v cp tch lp v nylon 1 on di 1500-1800mm 2.Tch lp v PE khong 150mmbng dng c tch v 3.Rch mt ng trn v PE bng dao v dng dy x x lp v PE khong 150mm 4.Ct v tch bng ,ba ngoi v si thu tinh 5.Tch v PE 150mm bng dng c tch v 6.Rch 1 ng ln v PE trong bng dao v dng dy x x v PE khong 15001800mm 7.Ct v tch bng polyester cng vi ba ngoi t li vng li 8.Lau sch lp keo t li vng li bng Alcohol/Propanol 9.Ct v tch dy chu lc FRP chiu di ni si quang /thit b u cui. 10.Dng dng c ct ng lng c tng ng mt v chiu di ng nht l 30mm 11.Dng cn v khn giy v sinh si quang 12.Cc si quang sn sng cho vic hn ,ni u cui/thit b u cui si quang. 13. Sau khi lau sch lp keo t li vng li bng cn v khn giy ta tch v ngoi nylon mt on 5mm. 14.Ct v tch dy chu lc FRPvi chiu di ni si quang/thit b u cui. 15. Dng dng c ct ng lng ct tng ng mt vi chiu di ng nht l 30mm sau dng khn giy lau sch lp keo. 30
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16. Dng cn v khn giy v sinh sch si quang 17. Cc si quang sn sng cho vic hn ni. 4.2.Tm hiu v my hn quang FUJIKURA: 4.2.1.Ngun cp: -Dng in p AC: + in p u vo AC100-240V,50-60HZ + Ch dng dy ngun AC c cp km + Tip t cho dy ngun AC + Khi ang s dng b ngun AC ,kim tra in p u rabng mch kim tra. - Dng ngun DC: + in p u vo : DC 12V + Ch dng dy DC cp km - Pin :+ Ni AC ADAPTER (ADC -13) v Pin (BTR-8) bng dy sc ( DCC-14) ri cm vo ngun AC sc . + Khng t Pin trn AC adapter v ngc li trong khi sc,nhit sc pin 0-40oC 4.2.2.V sinh trc khi hn : - V sinh rnh ch V vi mt que tm Cotton c tm cn - V sinh ht lng cn cn d trong rnh ch V vi mt que tm cotton kh - t si ct vo - V sinh dao ct si: v sinh cao su pha trn,pha di,v sinh dao * Ch : Trong qu trnh v sinh khng c chm vo mi in cc,dng cn 99% hoc tinh khit hn lau 4.2.3.Hng dn s dng phm bm: -Phm ON/OFF: Bt /tt ngun. -Phm ARC: Phng ARC -Phm X/Y: Cng tc chuyn i X/Y -Phm HEAT: Gia nhit bt/tt khi t ng bt u hn l tt 31
SV: T Hoi KT13DTVT

Bo co thc tp

-Phm RESET: Dng v quay li mn hnh sn sng -Phm SET: Thc hin khi hn (T ng bt u hn l tt) -Phm ESCAPE: Quay li mn hnh trc( vo cch vn hnh) -Phm MENU: M menu chnh v sang menu tip theo -Phm ENTER: La chn cc ch hn v gia nhit khi hn -Phm UP/DOWN :Di chuyn con tr v thay i gi tr. 4.2.4.Cc bc vn hnh: 1.Bt my hn 2.Xc nhn ch hn v gia nhit 3.Lau lp v quang 4.Lun ng gia nhit vo si 5.Tut si 6.Lau si 7.Ct si vi giao ct chnh xc 8. t si vo my hn 9.T ng hn sau khi ng np chn gi 10.Quan st trn mn LCD trong khi hn 11.Tho si quang hn ra khi my 12. t ng gia nhit vo gia b gia nhit 13. t mi hn vo chnh gia b gia nhit 14.T ng nung sau khi ng np gia nhit 15.Kt thc qu trnh hn 4.2.5. Pht hin mi hn v thng bo li:

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SV: T Hoi KT13DTVT

Bo co thc tp

Thng li

bo

L do

Gii php

Si qu di

-m cui ca si c t chnh -n(thit lp li) v t si gia hoc qu xa tm ca 2 in vo chnh gia tm ca cp cc in cc v rnh ch V.Xc nhn v tr t si tut ln -Chiu di on tut v qu di dao ct ,kim tra chiu di ct -C bi bn trn thu knh hoc trn gng phn x. -Bi bn trn b mt si - Chun b si tut lm sch -Bi bn trn thu knh hoc trn v ct ,thc hin kim tra bi bn lau thu knh v gng gng. nu c bi bn xut hin . -Thi gian (lm sch Arc) qu -Thit lp thi gian lm sch ngn hoc ch tt Arc l 30 ms khi hn cc loi - Khng phn bit c cc ch si c v carbon th thit lp hn vi si SM v DS thi gian l 100 ms - (Cn chnh) c thit lp mc -S dng ch MM hn (li) thc hin hn cc loi si cc si khng bit chnh xc kh phn bit khi s dng cc ch kiu li.thit lp (tiu c) d hn khc bin hn loi si khng - Thit lp(tiu c) sai khi s dng xc nh c kiu li la cc ch hn khc. im cui chn ch d t ng hoc ca si c t v tr tm hoc nhp gi tr tiu c chnh xc cch xa hai in cc -Si c t qu xa hoc khng -n ( thit lp li) t li v t n im gii hn hn tr si mt ln na sao cho 33

Si qu bn

SV: T Hoi

KT13DTVT

Bo co thc tp

M t qu -Si khng c t ng v tr bc ca rnh ch V.Si khng c t vo khu vc quan st ca Camera

im cui ca si nm gn in cc hn. n (thit lp li) si mt ln na t si nm chnh gia rnh ch V.

-Chiu di on c ct qu -Xc nhn v tr ca phn si ngn c tut v nm trn dao ct chnh xc.kim tra chiu di ct Gc ct ln -B mt si ti im ct b li -Kim tra tnh trng ca dao -Gii hn gc ct c thit lp ct nu li dao b cn tin hnh xoay li dao sang v tr qu nh mi - Tng gii hn gc ct ti gii hn ph hp Li vt ct B mt si ti im ct b li si 4. Cc ch khi hn: -Trc khi cho si vo hn x ng bo v si vo tt c cc si quang cn hn sau khi hn xong a cc ng bo v si vo v tr va hn ni bo v mi hn khi cc tc ng t bn ngoi. -Sau khi t ng bo v si bo v si quang t ton b cc ng bo v ln gi ODF m bo si quang khng b dch chuyn khi c tc ng t bn ngoi. -Sau ton b vo hp bo v v xit cht c ca hp bo v si tt nht. Kim tra tnh trng dao ct nu li dao b cn xoay li.

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SV: T Hoi KT13DTVT