Chng 4 TRUY NHP GI TC CAO (HSPA)

4.1. GII THIU CHUNG

4.1.1. Mc ch chng

Hiu kin trc ngn xp giao thc giao din v tuyn HSDPA Hiu c cc s lp biu (Scheduler) v HARQ p dng cho HSPA Hiu c kin trc HSDPA v cc knh ca n Hiu c kin trc HSUPA v cc knh ca n Hiu c chuyn giao trong HSDPA

4.1.2. Cc ch c trnh by trong chng Tng quan HSPA Kin trc giao din v tuyn ca HSPA HSDPA HSUPA Chuyn giao HSDPA

4.1.3. Hng dn Hc k cc t liu c trnh by trong chng Tham kho cc ti liu tham kho nu cn

4.2. TNG QUAN TRUY NHP GI TC CAO (HSPA)

4.2.1. M u

Truy nhp gi tc cao ng xung (HSDPA: High Speed Down Link Packet Access) c 3GPP chun ha ra trong R5 vi phin bn tiu chun u tin vo nm 2002. Truy nhp gi ng ln tc cao (HSUPA) c 3GPP chun ha trong R6 v thng 12 nm 2004. C hai HSDPA v HSUPA c gi chung l HSPA. Cc mng HSDPA u tin c a vo thng mi vo nm 2005 v HSUPA c a vo thng mi vo nm 2007. Cc thng s tc nh ca R6 HSPA c cho trong bng 4.1.

Bng 4.1. Cc thng s tc nh R6 HSPA HSDPA (R6) Tc nh (Mbps) 14,4 HSUPA (R6) 5,7

Tc s liu nh ca HSDPA lc u l 1,8Mbps v tng n 3,6 Mbps v 7,2Mbps vo nm 2006 v 2007, tim nng c th t n trn 14,4Mbps nm 2008. Trong giai on u tc nh HSUPA l 1-2Mbps trong giai on hai tc ny c th t n 4-5,7 Mbps vo nm 2008. HSPA c trin khai trn WCDMA hoc trn cng mt sng mang hoc s dng mt sng mang khc t c dung lng cao (xem hnh 4.1).

Hnh 4.1. Trin khai HSPA vi sng mang ring (f2) hoc chung sng mang vi WCDMA (f1).

HSPA chia s chung h tng mng vi WCDMA. nng cp WCDMA ln HSPA ch cn b sung phn mm v mt vi phn cng nt B v RNC. Lc u HSPA c thit k cho cc dch v tc cao phi thi gian thc, tuy nhin R6 v R7 ci thin hiu sut ca HSPA cho VoIP v cc ng dng tng t khc. Khc vi WCDMA trong tc s liu trn cc giao din nh nhau (384 kbps cho tc cc i chng hn), tc s liu HSPA trn cc giao din khc nhau. Hnh 4.2 minh ha iu ny cho HSDPA. Tc nh (14,4Mbps trn 2 ms) ti u cui ch xy ra trong thi im iu kin knh truyn tt v th tc trung bnh c th khng qu 3Mbps. m bo truyn lu lng mang tnh cm ny, nt cn c b m lu li lu lng v b lp biu truyn lu lng ny trn h tng mng.

Hnh 4.2. Tc s liu khc nhau trn cc giao din (trng hp HSDPA) 4.3. KIN TRC NGN XP GIAO THC GIAO DIN V TUYN HSPA CHO S LIU NGI S DNG

Hnh 4.3 cho thy kin trc giao din v tuyn HSDPA v HSUPA cho s liu ngi s dng. Mt phng bo hiu khng c th hin trn hnh 4.3 (trong

mt phng ny bo hiu c ni n RLC sau c a ln DCH hay HSDPA hoc HSUPA). S liu t cc dch v khc nhau c nn tiu IP ti PDCP (Packet Data Convergence Protocol). MAC-hs (High Speed: tc cao) thc hin chc nng lp biu nhanh da trn nt B. i vi HSDPA chc nng MAC mi (MAC-hs) c t trong nt B x l pht li nhanh da trn HARQ (Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request: yu cu pht li t ng lai ghp), lp biu v u tin. i vi HSUPA chc nng MAC mi (MAC-e) c t trong nt B x l pht li nhanh da trn HARQ, lp biu v u tin. Ti UE chc nng MAC-e mi c s dng x l lp biu v HARQ di s iu khin ca MAC-e trong nt B. Chc nng MAC mi (MAC-es) c t trong RNC sp xp li th t gi trc khi chuyn ln cc lp trn. S sp xp li ny l cn thit, v ca chuyn giao mm c th dn n cc gi t cc nt B khc nhau n RNC khng theo th t.

MAC-hs: High Speed MAC: MAC tc cao MAC-e: E-DCH MAC: MAC knh E-DCH, MAC-es: thc th MAC knh E-DCH sp t li th t Hnh 4.3. Kin trc giao din v tuyn HSDPA v HSUPA cho s liu ngi s dng Hnh 4.4 cho thy cc chc nng mi trong cc phn t ca WCDMA khi a vo HSPA.

Hnh 4.4. Cc chc nng mi trong cc phn t ca WCDMA khi a vo HSPA.

4.4. TRUY NHP GI TC CAO NG XUNG (HSDPA)

HSDPA c thit k tng thng lng s liu gi ng xung bng cch kt hp cc cng ngh lp vt l: truyn dn kt hp pht li nhanh v thch ng nhanh c truyn theo s iu khin ca nt B.

4.4.1 Truyn dn knh chia s

c im ch yu ca HSDPA l truyn dn knh chia s. Trong truyn dn knh chia s, mt b phn ca tng ti nguyn v tuyn ng xung kh dng trong (cng sut pht v m nh knh trong WCDMA) c coi l ti nguyn chung c chia s ng theo thi gian gia cc ngi s dng. Truyn dn knh chia s c thc hin thng qua knh chia s ng xung tc cao (HS-DSCH: High-Speed Dowlink Shared Channel). HS-DSCH cho php cp pht nhanh mt b phn ti nguyn ng xung truyn s liu cho mt ngi s dng c th. Phng php ny ph hp cho cc ng dng s liu gi thng c truyn theo dng cm v v th c cc yu cu v ti nguyn thay i nhanh. Cu trc c s thi gian v m ca HS-DSCH c cho trn hnh 4.5. Ti nguyn m cho HS-DSCH bao gm mt tp m nh knh c h s tri ph 16 (xem phn trn ca hnh 4.5), trong s m c th s dng lp cu hnh cho HS-DSCH nm trong khong t 1 n 15. Cc m khng dnh cho HS-DSCH c s dng cho mc ch khc, chng hn cho bo hiu iu khin, cc dch v MBMS hay cc dch v chuyn mch knh.

Hnh 4.5. Cu trc thi gian-m ca HS-DSCH

Phn di ca hnh 4.5 m t n nh ti nguyn m HS-DSCH cho tng ngi s dng trn c s TTI=2ms (TTI: Transmit Time Interval: Khong thi gian truyn dn). HSPDA s dng TTI ngn gim tr v ci thin qu trnh bm theo cc thay i ca knh cho mc ch iu khin tc v lp biu ph thuc knh (s xt trong phn di). Ngoi vic c n nh mt b phn ca tng ti nguyn m kh dng, mt phn tng cng sut kh dng ca phi c n nh cho truyn dn HSDSCH. Lu rng HS-DSCH khng c iu khin cng sut m c iu khin tc . Trong trng hp s dng chung tn s vi WCDMA, sau khi phc v cc knh WCDMA, phn cng sut cn li c th c s dng cho HSDSCH, iu ny cho php khai thc hiu qu tng ti nguyn cng sut kh dng.

4.4.2. Lp biu ph thuc knh

Lp biu (Scheduler) iu khin vic dnh knh chia s cho ngi s dng no ti mt thi im cho trc. B lp biu ny l mt phn t then cht v quyt nh rt ln n tng hiu nng ca h thng, c bit khi mng c ti cao. Trong mi TTI, B lp biu quyt nh HS-DSCH s c pht n ngi (hoc cc ngi) s dng no kt hp cht ch vi c ch iu khin tc (ti tc s liu no). Dung lng h thng c th c tng ng k khi c xt n cc iu kin knh trong quyt nh lp biu: lp biu ph thuc knh. V trong mt , cc iu kin ca cc ng truyn v tuyn i vi cc UE khc nhau thay i c lp, nn ti tng thi im lun lun tn ti mt ng truyn v tuyn c cht lng knh gn vi nh ca n (hnh 4.6). V th c th truyn tc s liu cao i vi ng truyn v tuyn ny. Gii php ny cho php h thng t c dung lng cao. li nhn c khi truyn dn dnh cho cc ngi s dng c cc iu kin ng truyn v tuyn thun li thng c gi l phn tp a ngi s dng v li ny cng ln khi thay i knh cng ln v s ngi s dng trong mt cng ln. V th tri vi quan im truyn thng rng phainh nhanh l hiu ng khng mong mun v rng cn chng li n, bng cch lp biu ph thuc knh phainh c li v cn khai thc n. Chin lc ca b lp biu thc t l khai thc cc thay i ngn hn (do phainh a ng) v cc thay i nhiu nhanh nhng vn duy tr c tnh cng bng di hn gia cc ngi s dng. V nguyn tc, s mt cng bng di hn cng ln th dung lng cng cao. V th cn cn i gia tnh cng bng v dung lng.

Hnh 4.6. Lp biu ph thuc knh cho HSDPA

Ngoi cc iu kin knh, b lp biu cng cn xt n cc iu kin lu lng. Chng hn, s v ngha nu lp biu cho mt ngi s dng khng c s liu i truyn dn cho d iu kin knh ca ngi s dng ny tt. Ngoi ra mt s dch v cn c cho mc u tin cao hn. Chng hn cc dch v lung i hi c m bo tc s liu tng i khng i di hn, trong khi cc dch v nn nh ti xung khng c yu cu gt gao v tc s liu khng i di hn. Nguyn l lp biu ca HSDPA c cho trn hnh 4.7. Nt B nh gi cht lng knh ca tng ngi s dng HSDPA tch cc da trn thng tin phn hi nhn c t ng ln. Sau lp biu v thch ng ng truyn c tin hnh theo gii thut lp biu v s u tin ngi s dng.

Hnh 4.7. Nguyn l lp biu HSDPA ca nt B

4.4.3. iu khin tc v iu ch bc cao

iu khin tc c coi l phng tin thch ng ng truyn cho cc dch v truyn s liu hiu qu hn so vi iu khin cng sut thng c s dng trong CDMA, c bit l khi n c s dng cng vi lp biu ph thuc knh. i vi HSDPA, iu khin tc c thc hin bng cch iu chnh ng t l m ha knh v chn la ng gia iu ch QPSK v 16QAM. iu ch bc cao nh 16QAM cho php t c mc s dng bng thng cao hn QPSK nhng i hi t s tn hiu trn tp m (Eb/N0) cao hn. V th 16 QAM ch yu ch hu ch trong cc iu kin knh thun li. Nt B la chn tc s liu c lp cho tng TTI 2ms v c ch iu iu khin tc c th bm cc thay i knh nhanh.

4.4.3.1. M ha knh HS-DSCH

Do m ha turbo c hiu nng vt tri m ha xn nn HS-DSCH ch s dng m ha turbo. Nguyn l tng qut ca b m ha turbo nh sau (hnh 4.8a). Lung s a vo b m ha turbo c chia thnh ba nhnh, nhnh th nht khng c m ha v cc bit ra ca nhnh ny c gi l cc bit h thng, nhnh th hai v th ba c m ha v cc bit ra ca chng c gi l cc bit chn l 1 v 2. Nh vy c mt bit vo th c ba bit ra, nn b m ha turbo ny c t l m l r=1/3. T l ny c th gim nu ta b bt mt s bit chn l v qu trnh ny c gi l c l (hnh 4.8b).

Hnh 4.8. M ha turbo v c l

4.4.3.2. iu ch HS-DSCH

HS-DSCH c th s dng iu ch QPSK v 16-QAM. Chm tn hiu QPSK v 16QAM c cho trn hnh 4.9. iu ch QPSK ch cho php mi k hiu iu ch truyn c hai bit, trong khi iu ch 16QAM cho php mi k hiu iu ch truyn c bn bit v th 16QAM cho php truyn tc s liu cao hn. Tuy nhin t hnh 4.9 ta thy khong cch gia hai im tn hiu trong chm tn hiu 16QAM li ngn hn khong cch ny trong chm tn hiu QPSK v v th kh nng chu nhiu v tp m ca 16QAM km hn QPSK.

Hnh 4.9. Chm tn hiu iu ch QPSK, 16-QAM v khong cch cc tiu gia hai im tn hiu 4.4.3.3. Truyn dn thch ng trn c s iu ch v m ha knh thch ng

Truyn dn thch ng l qu trnh truyn dn trong tc s liu c thay i ty thuc vo cht lng ng truyn: tc ng truyn c tng khi cht lng ng truyn tt hn, ngc li tc ng truyn b gim. thay i tc truyn ph hp vi cht lng knh, h thng thc hin thay i s iu ch v t l m nn phng php ny c gi l iu ch v m ha

thch ng (AMC: Adaptive Modulation and Coding). Chng hn khi cht lng ng truyn tt hn, h thng c th tng tc truyn dn s liu bng cch chn s iu ch 16QAM v tng t l m bng 3/4 bng cch c l, tri li khi cht lng truyn dn ti hn h thng c th gim tc truyn dn bng cch s dng s iu ch QPSK v khng c l gim t l bng 1/3.

4.4.4. HARQ vi kt hp mm

HARQ vi kt hp mm cho php u cui yu cu pht li cc khi thu mc li, ng thi iu chnh mn t l m hiu dng v b tr cc li gy ra do c ch thch ng ng truyn. u cui gii m tng khi truyn ti m n nhn c ri bo co v nt B v vic gii m thnh cng hay tht bi c 5ms mt ln sau khi thu c khi ny. Cch lm ny cho php pht li nhanh chng cc khi s liu thu khng thnh cng v gim ng k tr lin quan pht li so vi pht hnh R3. Nguyn l x l pht li HSDPA c minh ha trn hnh 4.10. u tin gi c nhn vo b nh m ca nt B. Ngay c khi gi c gi i nt B vn gi gi ny. Nu UE gii m tht bi n lu gi nhn c vo b nh m v gi lnh khng cng nhn (NAK) n nt B. Nt B pht li c gi hoc ch phn sa li ca gi ty thuc vo gi thuth kt hp gi ti UE. UE kt hp gi pht trc vi gi c pht li v gii m. Trong trng hp gii m pha thu tht bi, nt B thc hin pht li m khng cn RNC tham gia. My di ng thc hin kt hp cc pht li. Pht theo RNC ch thc hin khi xy ra s c hot ng lp vt l (li bo hiu chng hn). Pht li theo RNC s dng ch cng nhn RLC, pht li RLC khng thng xuyn xy ra.

Hnh 4.10. Nguyn l x l pht li ca nt B

Khng nh HARQ truyn thng, trong kt hp mm, u cui khng loi b thng tin mm trong trng hp n khng th gii m c khi truyn ti m kt hp thng tin mm t cc ln pht trc vi pht li hin thi tng xc sut gii m thnh cng. Tng phn d (IR) c s dng lm c s cho kt hp mm trong HSDPA, ngha l cc ln pht li c th cha cc bit chn l khng c trong cc ln pht trc. IR c th cung cp li ng k khi t l m i vi ln pht u cao v cc bit chn l b sung lm gim tng t l m. V th IR ch yu hu ch trong tnh trng gii hn bng thng khi u cui gn trm gc v s lng cc m nh knh ch khng phi cng sut hn ch tc s liu kh dng. Nt B iu khin tp cc bit c m ha s s dng pht li c xt n dung lng nh kh dng ca UE. Cc hnh 4.11 cho thy th d v s dng HARQ s dng m turbo c s t l m r=1/3 cho kt hp phn d tng. Trong ln pht u gi bao gm tt c

cc bit thng tin cng vi mt s bit chn l c pht. n ln pht li ch cc bit chn l khc vi cc bit chn l c pht trong gi trc l c pht. Kt hp gi pht trc v gi pht sau cho ra mt gi c nhiu bit d sa li hn v v th y l s kt hp phn d tng.

Hnh 4.11. HARQ kt hp phn d tng s dng m turbo

4.4.4. Kin trc

T cc phn trn ta thy rng cc k thut HSDPA da trn thch ng nhanh i vi cc thay i nhanh trong cc iu kin knh. V th cc k thut ny phi c t gn vi giao din v tuyn ti pha mng, ngha l ti nt B. Ngoi ra mt mc tiu quan trng ca HSDPA l duy tr ti a s phn chia chc nng gia cc lp v cc nt ca R3. Cn gim thiu s thay i kin trc, v iu ny s n gin ha vic a HSDPA vo cc mng trin khai cng nh m bo hot ng trong cc mi trng m khng phi tt c cc u

c nng cp bng chc nng HSDPA. V th HSDPA a vo nt B mt lp con MAC mi, MA-hs, chu trch nhim cho lp biu, iu khin tc v khai thc giao thc HARQ. Do vy ngoi tr cc tng cng cho RNC nh iu khin cho php HSDPA i vi cc ngi s dng, HSDPA ch yu tc ng ln nt B (hnh 4.12).

Hnh 4.12. Kin trc HSDPA Mi UE s dng HSDPA s thu truyn dn HS-DSCH t mt ( phc v). phc v chu trch nhim lp biu, iu khin tc , HARQ v cc chc nng MAC-hs khc cho HSDPA. Chuyn giao mm ng ln c h tr trong truyn dn s liu ng ln s thu c t nhiu v UE s nhn c cc lnh iu khin cng sut t nhiu . Di ng t mt h tr HSDPA n mt khng h tr HSDPA c x l d rng. C th m bo dch v khng b gin on cho ngi s dng (mc d ti tc s liu thp hn) bng chuyn mch knh trong RNC trong ngi s dng c chuyn mch n knh dnh ring (DCH) trong khng c HSDPA. Tng t, mt ngi s dng c trang b u cui c HSDPA c th chuyn mch t knh ring sang HSDPA khi ngi ny chuyn vo c h tr HSDPA.

Cu trc knh tng th ca HSDPA kt hp WCDMA c cho trn hnh 4.13.

Hnh 4.13. Cu trc knh HSDPA kt hp WCDMA Di y ta tng kt chc nng ca cc knh trong HSDPA: 1. HS-DSCH (High Speed- Downlink Shared Channel) l knh truyn ti c sp xp ln nhiu knh vt l HS-PDSCH truyn ti lu lng gi chia s cho nhiu ngi s dng, trong mi HS-PDSCH c h s tri ph khng i v bng 16. Cu hnh cc i ca HS-DSCH l 15SF16 (tng ng vi tc nh khi iu ch 16QAM v t l m 1/1 l 14,4Mbps). Cc ngi s dng chia s HS-DSCH theo s knh vt l HS-PDSCH (s m vi SF=16) v khong thi gian truyn dn TTI=2ms. 2. HS-SCCH (High Speed-Shared Control Channel) s dng h s tri ph 128 v c cu trc thi gian da trn mt khung con c di 2ms bng di ca HS-DSCH. Cc thng tin sau y c mang trn HS-SCCH: S m nh knh S iu ch Kch thc khi truyn ti Gi c pht l gi mi hay pht li (HARQ) hoc HARQ theo RNC RLC

 Phin bn d Phin bn chm tn hiu Khi HSDPA hot ng trong ch ghp theo thi gian, ch cn lp cu hnh mt HS-SCCH, nhng kho HSDPA hot ng trong ch ghp theo m th cn c nhiu HS-SCCH hn. Mt UE c th xem xt c nhiu nht l 4 HS-SCCH ty vo cu hnh c lp bi h thng. 3. HS-DPCCH (High Speed- Dedicated Physical Control Channel) ng ln c h s tri ph 256 v cu trc t 3 khe 2ms cha cc thng tin sau y: Thng tin phn hi (CQI: Channel Quality Indicator: ch th cht lng knh) bo cho b lp biu nt B v tc s liu m UE mong mun ACK/NAK (cng nhn v ph nhn) cho HARQ 4. DPCCH (Dedicated Physical Control Channel) i cng vi HS-DPCCH ng ln cha cc thng tin ging nh R3. 5. F-DPCH (Fractional- Dedicated Physical Channel) ng xung c h s tri ph 256 cha thng tin iu khin cng sut cho 10 ngi s dng tit kim ti nguyn m trong truyn dn gi

4.4.5. HSDPA MIMO

MIMO l mt trong tnh nng mi c a vo R7 tng cc tc s liu nh thng qua truyn dn lung. Ni mt cch cht ch, MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) l mt cch th hin tng qut s s dng nhiu anten c pha pht v pha thu. Nhiu anten c th c s dng tng li phn tp v v th tng t s sng mang trn nhiu ti my thu. Tuy nhin thut ng ny thng c s dng biu th truyn dn nhiu lp hay nhiu lung nh l mt phng tin tng tc s liu n mc cc i c th trong mt knh cho trc. V th MIMO hay ghp knh khng gian c th nhn nhn nh l mt

cng c ci thin thng lng ca ngi s dng u cui ging nh mt b khuch i tc s liu. V bn cht, ci thin thng lng ca ngi s dng u cui mt mc nht nh s dn n tng thng lng h thng. Cc s MIMO c thit k khai thc mt s thuc tnh ca mi trng truyn sng v tuyn nhm t c cc tc s liu cao bng cch pht i nhiu lung s liu song song. Tuy nhin t c cc tc s liu cao nh vy, cn m bo t s tn hiu trn nhiu cao tng ng ti my thu. V th ghp knh khng gian ch yu c p dng cho cc nh hn hay vng gn vi nt B, ni m thng thng t s tn hiu trn nhiu cao. Trong trng hp khng th m bo t s tn hiu trn nhiu cao, nhiu anten thu m UE c nng lc MIMO c trang b c th c s dng cho phn tp thu cho mt lung pht n. V th mt UE c nng lc MIMO s m bo tc s liu cao hn ti bin trong cc ln so vi mt UE tng ng ch c mt anten. HSDPA MIMO h tr truyn dn hai lung. Mi lung c x l lp vt l nh nhau (m ha, tri ph v iu ch ging nh trng hp HSDPA mt lp). Sau m ha, tri ph v iu ch, tin m ha tuyn tnh da trn cc trng s phn hi t UE c s dng trc khi lung s c sp xp ln hai anten (hnh 4.14).

Hnh 4.14. S MIMO 2x2

S trn cng c th hot ng trong ch truyn dn mt lung. Trong trng hp ny ch c mt lung s liu l c m ha v c truyn ng thi trn c hai anten ging nh trng hp phn tp pht vng kn ca WCDMA. S MIMO vi hai ch ny c gi l D-TxAA (Dual Transmit Adaptive Array: dn thch ng pht kp). Trong mi trng di ng thc t ch hai lung c s dng khi UE gn trm gc (ng truyn c cht lng tt) v mt lung c s dng khi UE xa trm gc (ng truyn c cht lng xu). Vic a vo MIMO s nh hng ch yu ln qu trnh x l lp vt l; nh hng ln lp giao thc l nh v cc lp trn ch yu nhn MIMO nh l mt tc s liu cao hn. 4.4.6. Tng tc nh bng vic s dng MIMO v iu ch bc cao 16QAM/64QAM

Bng 4.2 cho thy qu trnh tng tc nh HSDPA bng vic s dng MIMO kt hp vi iu ch bc cao 16QAM/64QAM i vi cc loi u cui UE khc nhau.

Bng 4.2. Cc loi u cui HSDPA khc nhau Th loi S m iu ch MIMO T l m Tc ha bit Pht nh hnh ca 3GPP R5 R5 R5 R5

(Mbps) 12 5/6 7/8 9 5 5 10 15 QPSK 16QAM 16QAM 16QAM 3/4 3/4 3/4 3/4 1,8 3,6 7,2 10,1

10 13 14 15 16

15 15 15 15 15

16QAM 64QAM 64QAM 16QAM 16QAM

2x2 2x2

Gn 1/1 5/6 Gn 1/1 5/6 Gn 1/1

14,0 17,4 21,1 23,4 28

R5 R7 R7 R7 R7

4.5. TRUY NHP GI TC CAO NG LN (HSUPA)

Ct li ca HSUPA cng s dng hai cng ngh c s nh HSDPA: lp biu nhanh v HARQ nhanh vi kt hp mm. Cng ging nh HSDPA, HSUPA s dng khong thi gian ngn 2ms cho TTI ng ln. Cc tng cng ny c thc hin trong WCDMA thng qua mt knh truyn ti mi, E-DCH (Enhanced Dedicated Channel: knh ring tng cng). Mc d s dng cc cng ngh ging HSDPA, HSUPA cng c mt s khc bit cn bn so vi HSDPA v cc khc bit ny nh hng ln vic thc hin chi tit cc tnh nng: Trn ng xung, cc ti nguyn chia s l cng sut v m u c t trong mt nt trung tm (nt B). Trn ng ln, ti nguyn chia s l i lng nhiu ng ln cho php, i lng ny ph thuc vo cng sut ca nhiu nt nm phn tn (cc nt UE) Trn ng xung b lp biu v cc b m pht c t trong cng mt nt, cn trn ng ln b lp biu c t trong nt B trong khi cc b m s liu c phn tn trong cc UE. V th cc UE phi thng bo thng tin v tnh trng b m cho b lp biu ng ln WCDMA v HSUPA khng trc giao v v th xy ra nhiu gia cc truyn dn trong cng mt . Tri li trn ng xung cc knh

c pht trc giao. V th iu khin cng sut quan trng i vi ng ln x l vn gn xa. E-DCH c pht vi khong dch cng sut tng i so vi knh iu khin ng ln c iu khin cng sut v bng cch iu chnh dch cng sut cho php cc i, b lp biu c th iu khin tc s liu E-DCH. Tri li i vi HSDPA, cng sut pht khng i ( mc nht nh) cng vi s dng thch ng tc s liu. Chuyn giao c E-DCH h tr. Vic thu s liu t u cui ti nhiu l c li v n m bo tnh phn tp, trong khi pht s liu t nhiu trong HSDPA l phc tp v cha chc c li lm. Chuyn giao mm cn c ngha l iu khin cng sut bi nhiu gim nhiu gy ra trong cc ln cn v duy tr tng tch ngc vi UE khng s dng E-DCH Trn ng xung, iu ch bc cao hn (c xt n hiu qu cng sut i vi hiu qu bng thng) c s dng cung cp cc tc s liu cao trong mt s trng hp, chng hn khi b lp biu n nh s lng m nh knh t cho truyn dn nhng i lng cng sut truyn dn kh dng li kh cao. i vi ng ln tnh hnh li khc; khng cn thit phi chia s cc m nh knh i vi cc ngi s dng khc v v th thng thng t l m ha knh thp hn i vi ng ln. Nh vy khc vi ng ln iu ch bc cao t hu ch hn trn ng ln trong cc v m v v th khng c xem xt trong pht hnh u ca HSUPA.

4.5.1. Lp biu

i vi HSUPA, b lp biu l phn t then cht iu khin khi no v ti tc s liu no mt UE c php pht. u cui s dng tc cng cao, th cng sut thu t u cui ti nt B cng phi cng cao m bo t s E b/N0

(Eb=Pr/Rb, Pr l cng sut thu ti nt B cn Rb l tc bit c pht i t UE) cn thit cho gii iu ch. Bng cch tng cng sut pht, UE c th pht tc s liu cao hn. Tuy nhin do ng ln khng trc giao, nn cng sut thu t mt UE s gy nhiu i vi cc u cui khc. V th ti nguyn chia s i vi HSUPA l i lng cng sut nhiu cho php trong . Nu nhiu qu cao, mt s truyn dn trong , cc knh iu khin v cc truyn dn ng ln khng c lp biu c th b thu sai. Tri li mc nhiu qu thp cho thy rng cc UE b iu chnh thi qu v khng khai thc ht ton b dung lng h thng. V th HSUPA s dng b lp biu cho php cc ngi s dng c s liu cn pht c php s dng tc s liu cao n mc c th nhng vn m bo khng vt qu mc nhiu cc i cho php trong . Nguyn l lp biu HSUPA c cho trn hnh 4.15.

Hnh 4.15. Nguyn l lp biu HSUPA ca nt B

Khc vi HSDPA, b lp biu v cc b m pht u c t ti nt B, s liu cn pht c t ti cc UE i vi ng ln. Ti cng mt thi im b lp biu t ti nt B iu phi cc tch cc pht ca cc UE trong . V th cn c mt c ch thng bo cc quyt nh lp biu cho cc UE v cung cp

thng tin v b m t cc UE n b lp biu. Chng trnh khung HSUPA s dng cc cho php lp biu pht i t b lp biu ca nt B iu khin tch cc pht ca UE v cc yu cu lp biu pht i t UE yu cu ti nguyn. Cc cho php lp biu iu khin t s cng sut gia E-DCH v hoa tiu c php m u cui c th s dng; cho php ln hn c ngha l u cui c th s dng tc s liu cao hn nhng cng gy nhiu nhiu hn trong . Da trn cc kt qu o c mc nhiu tc thi, b lp biu iu khin cho php lp biu trong tng u cui duy tr mc nhiu trong ti mc quy nh (hnh 4.16). Trong HSDPA, thng thng mt ngi s dng c x l trong mt TTI. i vi HSUPA, trong hu ht cc trng hp chin lc lp biu ng ln c th thc hin lp biu ng thi cho nhiu ngi s dng. L do v mt u cui c cng sut nh hn nhiu so vi cng sut nt B: mt u cui khng th s dng ton b dung lng mt mnh.

Hnh 4.16. Chng trnh khung lp biu ca HSUPA

Nhiu gia cc cng cn c iu khin. Thm ch nu b lp biu cho php mt UE pht ti tc s liu cao trn c s mc nhiu ni chp thun c, nhng vn c th gy nhiu khng chp nhn c i vi cc ln cn. V th trong chuyn giao mm, phc v chu trch nhim chnh cho hat

ng lp biu, nhng UE gim st thng tin lp biu t tt c cc m UE nm trong chuyn giao mm. Cc khng phc v yu cu tt c cc ngi s dng m n khng phc v h tc s liu E-DCH bng cch pht i ch th qu ti trn ng xung. C ch ny m bo hot ng n nh cho mng. Lp biu nhanh cung cp mt chin lc cho php kt ni mm do hn. V c ch lp biu cho php x l tnh trng trong nhiu ngi s dng cn pht ng thi, nn s ngi s dng s liu gi tc cao mang tnh cm c cho php ln hn. Nu iu ny gy ra mc nhiu cao khng th chp nhn c trong h thng, th b lp biu c th phn ng nhanh chng hn ch cc tc s liu m cc UE c th s dng. Khng c lp biu nhanh, iu khin cho php c th chm tr hn v phi dnh mt d tr nhiu trong h thng trong trng hp nhiu ngi s dng hot ng ng thi.

4.5.2. HARQ vi kt hp mm

HARQ nhanh vi kt hp mm c HSUPA s dng vi mc ch c bn ging nh HSDPA: m bo tnh bn vng chng li cc sai li truyn dn ngu nhin. S c s dng ging nh i vi HSDPA. i vi tng khi truyn ti c pht trn ng ln, mt bit c pht t nt B n UE thng bo gii m thnh cng (ACK) hay yu cu pht li khi truyn ti thu b mc li (NAK). im khc bit chnh so vi HSDPA bt ngun t vic s dng chuyn giao mm trn ng ln. Khi UE nm trong chuyn giao mm, ngha l giao thc HARQ kt cui ti nhiu . V th trong nhiu trng hp s liu truyn dn c th c thu thnh cng ti mt s nt B nhng li tht bi ti cc nt B khc. Nhn t pha UE, iu ny l , v t nht mt nt B thu thnh cng s liu. V th trong chuyn giao mm tt c cc nt B lin quan u gii m s liu

v pht ACK hoc NAK. Nu UE nhn c ACK t nht t mt nt B, UE coi rng s liu c thu thnh cng. HARQ vi kt hp mm c th c khai thc khng ch m bo tnh bn vng chng li nhiu khng d bo c m cn ci thin hiu sut ng truyn tng dung lng v (hoc) vng ph. Cc bit c m ha b sung ch c pht khi cn thit. V th t l m sau cc ln pht li c xc nh theo t l m cn thit cho iu kin knh tc thi. y cng chnh l mc tiu m thch ng tc c gng t c, im khc chnh l thch ng tc c gng tm ra t l m ph hp trc khi pht.

4.5.3. Kin trc

hot ng hiu qu, b lp biu phi c kh nng khai thc cc thay i nhanh theo mc nhiu v cc iu kin ng truyn. HARQ vi kt hp mm cng cho li t cc pht li nhanh v iu ny gim chi ph cho cc pht li. V th hai chc nng ny phi c t gn giao din v tuyn. V th cng ging nh HSDPA, cc chc nng lp biu v HARQ ca HSUPA c t ti nt B. Ngoi ra cng ging nh i vi HSDPA, cng cn m bo gi nguyn cc lp cao hn lp MAC. V th mt m, iu khin cho php vn t di quyn iu khin ca RNC. iu ny cho php a HSUPA m vo cc vng c chn la; trong cc khng h tr truyn dn E-DCH, c th s dng chuyn mch knh sp xp lung s ca ngi s dng ln DCH. Ging nh trit l thit k HSDPA, mt thc th MAC mi (MAC-e) c a vo UE v nt B. Trong nt B, MAC-e chu trch nhim truyn ti cc pht li HARQ v lp biu, cn trong UE, chiu trch nhim chn la tc s liu trong cc gii hn do b lp biu trong MAC-e ca nt B t ra.

Khi UE nm trong chuyn giao mm vi nhiu nt B, cc khi truyn ti khc nhau c th c gii m ng ti cc nt B khc nhau. Kt qu l mt khi truyn ti c th c thu ng ti mt nt B, trong khi mt nt B khc vn tham gia v cc pht li ca mt khi truyn ti c pht sm hn. V th m bo chuyn cc khi truyn ti ng trnh t n giao thc RLC, cn c chc nng sp xp li th t trong RNC dng mt thc th mi: MAC-es. Trong chuyn giao mm, nhiu thc th MAC-e c s dng cho mt UE v s liu c thu t nhiu . Tuy nhin MAC-e trong phc v chu trch nhim chnh cho lp biu; MAC-e trong khng phc v ch yu x l giao thc HARQ (hnh 4.17).

Hnh 4.17. Kin trc mng c lp cu hnh E-DCH (v HS-DSCH).

Hnh 4.18. cho thy cc knh cn thit cho HSUPA. E-DCH c sp xp ln mt tp cc m nh knh ng ln c gi l cc knh s liu vt l ring ca E-DCH (E-DPDCH). Ph thuc vo tc s liu tc thi, s cc EDPDCH v cc h s tri ph c th thay i. Ngoi knh s liu E-DCH cn c

cc knh bo hiu cho n nh sau. Cc knh E-AGCH (E-DCH Absolute Grant Channel: knh cho php tuyt i ca E-DCH) v E-RGCH (E-DCH Relative Grant Channel: knh cho php tng i ca E-DCH) l cc knh h tr cho iu khin lp biu. Knh E-HICH (E-DCH HARQ Indicator Channel: knh ch th HARQ ca E-DCH) l knh h tr cho pht li s dng c ch HARQ.

Hnh 4.18. Cc knh cn thit cho mt UE c kh nng HSUPA

Khng nh HSDPA, HSUPA khng h tr iu ch thch ng v n khng h tr cc s iu ch bc cao. L do l cc s iu ch bc cao phc tp hn v i hi pht nhiu nng lng trn mt bit hn, v th n gin ng ln s dng s iu ch BPSK kt hp vi truyn dn nhiu m nh knh song song. Tng kt cc knh ng ln cn thit cho hot ng ca E-DCH c minh ha trn hnh 4.19 cng vi cc knh s dng cho HSDPA.

Cc knh mi c a vo cho HSUPA c th hin bng cc ng t nt Hnh 4.19. Cu trc knh tng th vi HSDPA v HSUPA. V ng ln khng trc giao theo thit k, nn cn thit iu khin cng sut nhanh x l vn gn xa. E-DCH khng khc vi mi knh ng ln khc v v th cng sut c iu khin theo cch ging nh cc knh ng ln khc. Nt B o t s tn hiu trn nhiu v pht i cc lnh iu khin cng sut trn ng xung n UE iu chnh cng sut pht ca UE. Cc lnh iu khin cng sut c th c pht bng cch s dng DPCH hay tit kim cc m nh knh bng F-DPCH. Di y ta tng kt cc knh ca HSUPA: 1. E-DPCH bao gm hai knh truyn ng thi: E-DPDCH v DPCCH. EDPDCH c h s tri ph kh bin t 2 n 256 vi cu hnh cc i 2xSF2+2SF4 (tc s liu nh bng 5,76 Mbps vi t l m ha 1/1). Khong thi gian truyn dn (TTI) ca E-DPDCH c th l 2ms (tc s liu ln hn 2Mbps) hoc 10ms (tc s liu bng hoc di 2Mbps). DPCCH truyn ng thi vi E-DPDCH cha cc thng tin hoa tiu v iu khin cng sut (TPC). 2. E-DPCCH l knh vt l mi ng ln tn ti song song vi E-DPDCH truyn thng tin ngoi bng lin quan n truyn dn E-DPDCH. E-DPCCH c h s tri ph 256 cha cc thng tin sau:

 E-TFCI (Enhanced-Transport Format Combination Indicator: ch th kt hp khun dng truyn ti) thng bo cho my thu nt B v kch thc khi truyn ti c mang trn cc E-DPDCH. T thng tin ny my thu rt ra s knh E-DPDCH v h s tri ph c s dng S th t pht li (RSN: Retransmission Sequence Number) thng bo v s th t ca khi truyn ti hin thi c pht trong chui HARQ. Bit hnh phc thng bo rng UE c hi lng vi tc hin thi (cng sut tng i n nh cho n) hay khng v n c th s dng c n nh cng sut cao hn hay khng. 3. HICH (HARQ Indicator Channel: knh ch th HARQ) l knh vt l ng xung truyn ACK hoc NAK cho HARQ. 4. E-RGCH (E-DCH Relative Grant Channel: knh cho php tng i E-DCH) l knh vt l ng xung mi pht lnh tng/gim mt nc cng sut ca lp biu (thng ch 1dB) so vi gi tr tuyt i c n nh bi knh EAGCH. E-RGCH c s dng cho cc iu chnh nh trong khi ang xy ra truyn s liu. 20E-RGCH c ghp chung vi 20HICH trn c s 40 ch k vo mt DPDCH c m nh knh vi h s tri ph 128 5. E-AGCH (E-DCH Absolute Grant Channel: knh cho php tuyt i) l knh vt l ng xung mi c m nh knh vi h s tri ph 128 ch th mc cng sut chnh xc ca E-DPDCH so vi DPCCH. E-AGCH cha: Gi tr cho php tuyt i ch th t s cng sut E-DPDCH/DPCCH m UE c th s dng Phm vi cho php tuyt i cho php hoc cm UE pht theo HARQ S nhn dng UE s/th cp cho php UE xc nh knh E-AGCH ny c dnh cho n hay khng

4.5.4. Cc loi u cui HSUPA

C su loi u cui HSUPA trong R6 vi tc nh t 0,72Mbps n 5.76Mbps. Bng lit k cc kh nng ca cc loi u cui HSUPA trong R6. Bng 4.3. Cc loi u cui R6 HSUPA Th loi S m cc i TTI s dng ng h tr thi DPCH 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 2 2 2 4 (2SF4+2SF2) 10 2,10 10 2, 10 10 2,10 cho Ec H s tri Tc s Tc s ph nht 4 4 4 2 2 2 E- liu nh liu nh DPCH thp lp 1 vi lp 1 vi TTI=10ms 0,72 1,45 1,45 2 2 2 TTI=2ms N/A* 1,45 N/A 2,91 N/A 5,76

* N/A: khng p dng Nh vy R6 c th c ba loi thit b: Thit b ch cho DCH Thit b c kh nng c DCH v HSDPA Thit b c kh nng c DCH, HSDPA v HSUPA

4.6. CHUYN GIAO TRONG HSDPA

Trong HSDPA ch c chuyn giao cng. Tn ti cc kiu chuyn giao sau y trong HSDPA: Chuyn giao trong cng mt RNC

 Chuyn giao gia cc RNC Chuyn giao t knh HS-DSCH sang DCH

thc hin chuyn giao UE phi bo cho SRNC v tt nht. Trng phn di y ta s xt qu trnh xc nh tt nht.

4.6.1. Xc nh tt nht v chuyn giao

Qu trnh xc nh (on ) tt nht v chuyn giao c m t trn hnh 4.20.

Hnh 4.20. S kin o v bo co (on ) phc v HS-DSCH tt nht

Da trn kt qu o Ec/I0 trn knh P-CPICH ca cc nm trong tp tch cc ca chuyn giao mm ng ln (thm ch c th c cc hay on nm

trong tp ng c), UE bo co phc v HS-DSCH tt nht cho SRNC n quyt nh chuyn giao cng cho HS-DSCH. Hnh 4.20 cho thy 2 (on ) l c chn v sau khong thi gian T+D th HS-DSCH 1 c chuyn sang 2.

4.6.2. Chuyn giao HS-DSCH gia cc (hay on ) trong cng mt RNC

Qu trnh chuyn giao HS-DSCH gia hai on ca cng mt nt B c minh ha trn hnh 4.21. Sau khi quyt nh chuyn giao, SRNC gi bn tin t li cu hnh lin kt v tuyn c ng b n cc nt lin quan B v ng thi gi bn tin RRC v t li cu hnh knh vt l n UE chng thc hin chuyn giao. Qu trnh chuyn giao t nt B ny sang nt B khc thuc cng mt RNC cng xy ra tng t.

Hnh 4.21. Chuyn giao HS-DSCH gia hai on thuc cng mt nt B

4.6.3. Chuyn giao HS-DSCH gia hai cc (on ) thuc hai RNC khc nhau

Qu trnh chuyn giao HS-DSCH gia hai (on ) thuc hai RNC khc nhau c minh ha trn hnh 4.22. Sau khi SRNC quyt nh chuyn giao, n gi bn tin t li cu hnh lin kt v tuyn c ng b n cc nt B lin quan v ng thi gi bn tin RRC t li cu hnh knh vt l n UE thc hin chuyn giao. Trong trng hp ny bn tin t li cu hnh lin kt v tuyn c SRNC gi n nt B ch thng qua DRNC.

Hnh 4.22. Chuyn giao HS-DSCH gia cc on thuc hai RNC khc nhau 4.6.4. Chuyn giao HS-DSCH sang ch c DCH

Hnh 4.23 minh ha qu trnh chuyn giao HS-DSCH t (on ) c HSDSCH sang mt nt B ch c DCH. Sau khi SRNC quyt nh chuyn giao, n gi bn tin t li cu hnh lin kt v tuyn c ng b n cc nt B lin quan v ng thi gi bn tin RRC v t li cu hnh knh vt l n ngi s dng chng thc hin chuyn giao. Trong trng hp ny bn tin t li cu hnh lin kt v tuyn c SRNC gi n nt B ch thng qua DRNC

Hnh 4.23. Chuyn giao HS-DSCH t nt B c HS-DSCH sang mt nt B ch c DCH.

4.7. TNG KT

HSPA l cng ngh tng cng cho 3G WCDMA cn c gi l 3G+. HSPA l cng ngh truyn dn gi ph hp cho truyn thng a phng tin IP bng rng. HSDPA s dng knh chia s ng xung trn c s ghp nhiu knh m vi h s tri ph SF=16, trong ti a s knh m dnh cho lu lng ln n 15 v mt knh m c dnh cho bo hiu v iu khin. HSUPA s dng knh tng cng E-DCH truyn lu lng. C HSDPA v HSUPA u s dng truyn dn thch ng trn c s lp biu v HARQ. Truyn dn thch ng l cng ngh trong ti nguyn v tuyn dc phn b cho ngi s dng da trn tnh trng ca knh truyn sng tc thi n ngi s dng ny: (1) nu iu kin truyn sng tt ngi s dng c phn phi nhiu ti nguyn

hn, ngc li ngi ny c phn phi t ti nguyn. HSDPA s dng phn phi ti nguyn theo m hoc thi gian trong cng sut truyn dn khng i v tc truyn dn c th thay i s lng m, s khe c cp pht hoc bng cch thay i s truyn dn (AMC: Adaptive Modulation and Coding: m ha v iu ch thch ng), cn HSUPA s dng phn phi ti nguyn theo cng sut vi iu kin cng sut c cp pht cho mi my di ng khng gy nhiu cho cc my khc. Khi c cp pht cng sut cao hn my di ng c th truyn dn tc cao hn bng cch s dng nhiu m hn cho knh E-DCH hay gim h s tri ph SF nhng khng thay i s truyn dn (iu ch lun l BPSK). C hai HSDPA v HSUPA u s dng HARQ, trong bn tin c yu cu pht li c lu trong b nh m sau kt hp vi bn tin c pht li to thnh mt bn tin tt hn trc khi x l li. C ch pht li vi phn d tng cho php mi ln pht li ch cn pht li mt b phn ca phn d cha c pht v th tit kim c dung lng ng truyn. im khc bit gia HSDPA v HSUPA l HSDPA khng s dng iu khin cng sut v chuyn giao mm tri li HSUPA s dng c hai k thut ny, ngoi ra HSUPA ch s dng mt kiu iu ch BPSK v th n khng p dng k thut iu ch m m ha thch ng (AMC: Adaptive Modulation and Coding). Cui chng chuyn giao cng cho HSDPA c trnh by cho. Trong HSDPA ch c chuyn giao cng. thc hin chuyn giao, UE phi o t s tn hiu trn nhiu knh PCPICH ca tt c cc hoc cc on nm trong tp tch cc (thm ch c th c trong tp ng c). T kt qu o n gi bo co v tt nht n SRNC. SRNC s quyt nh chuyn giao.