1 Basics Mat hemat ics_________________________________________________________________

H
Y
P
O
T
E
N
U
S
E
ADJ. SI DE
O
P
P
.

S
I
D
E

BASI CS
I MPORTANT REMEMBER
0
0
0
180
1. 1 r adian 57.295779513 .....
2. 1 rads 0.017453 radians
180
radians
3.
degr ees 180

NOTE
sin
1. t an
cos
cos
2. cot
sin

QUADRANTS
1. sin .cosec 1
2. cos .sec 1
3. t an .cot 1



90
0
180
0
270
0
360
0
si n
cosec All
t an
cot
cos
sec
+ ve
I I I
I I I I V
SUM & DI FFERENCE FORMULAS
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
1. sin A B sin A cos B cos A sin B
2. sin A B sin A cos B cos A sin B
3. cos A B cos A cos B sin A sin B
4. cos A B cos A cos B sin A sin B
t an A t an B
5. t an A B
1 t an A t an B
t an A t an B
6. t an A B
1 t an A t anB
+ +

+
+
+
+

+
SPECI AL RESULTS
1 t an A
1. t an A
4 1 t an A
1 t an A
2. t an A
4 1 t an A
+
_
+

,

_


+ ,
VALUES OF COMMON RATI OS
0
0
30
0
45
0
60
0
90
0
180
0
sin
cos
t an
0 0
0
0 0
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1

1
2
1
2
3
2
3
2
1
3
3
RADI AN - DEGREE EQUI VALENTS
30
0
45
0
60
0
90
0
180
0
270
0
360
0
6

3
2

BASI C I DENTI TI ES
2 2
2 2
2 2
1. sin cos 1
2. 1 t an sec
3. 1 cot cosec
+
+
+
CO - FUNCTI ON I DENTI TI ES
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
0
0
0
0
0
0
1. sin 90 cos
2. cos 90 sin
3. t an 90 cot
4. cot 90 cos
5. sec 90 cosec
6. cosec 90 sec






NEGATI VE ANGLE FORMULAS
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
1. sin sin
2. cos cos
3. t an t an
4. cot cot
5. sec sec
6. cosec cosec






DOUBLE ANGLE FORMULAS
MULTI PLE ANGLE FORMULAS
1 cos
1. sin
2 2
1 cos
2. cos
2 2
1 cos
3. t an
2 1 cos

t
+
t

t
+
2
2 2
2 2
2
2
2
2t an
1. sin 2 2sin cos
1 t an
2. cos 2 cos sin
1 2sin 2cos 1
1 t an
1 t an
2t an
3. t an 2
1 t an

3
3
3
2
3
4 2
3
2 4
1. sin 3 3sin 4sin
2. cos 3 4cos 3cos
3 t an t an
3. t an3
1 3t an
4. sin4 4sin cos 8sin cos
5. cos4 8cos 8cos 1
4 t an 4t an
6. t an4
1 6t an t an






+

+
HALF ANGLE FORMULAS
POWER REDUCI NG FORMULAS
2
2
2
1 cos 2
1. sin
2
1 cos 2
2. cos
2
1 cos 2
3. t an
1 cos 2

+
SPECI AL RESULTS
2 2
1 cos 2sin 1 cos 2sin
2 2

+
SUM - TO PRODUCT FORMULAS
C D C D
1. sinC sinD 2sin cos
2 2
C D C D
2. sin C sinD 2cos sin
2 2
C D C D
3. cos C cosD 2cos cos
2 2
C D D C
4. cos C cosD 2sin sin
2 2
+
+
+

+
+
+

PRODUCT - TO - SUM - FORMULAS
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
1
1. sin A cos B sin A B sin A B
2
1
2. cos A sin B sin A B sin A B
2
1
3. cos A cos B cos A B cos A B
2
1
4. sin A sin B cos A B cos A B
2
1 + +
]
1 +
]
1 + +
]
1 +
]
opp.side Hypot enuse 1
sin cosec
Hypot enuse sin opp.side

Adj.side Hypot enuse 1

cos sec
Hypot enuse cos Adj.side

Adj.side opp.side 1
t an cot
Adj.side t an opp.side

BASI CS MATHEMATI CS I N PHYSI CS

2 Basics Mat hemat ics_________________________________________________________________



SOLUTI ON OF TRI ANGLES
I n any Tr iangle ABC
SI NE RULE
COSI NE RULE
TANGENT RULE
PROJ ECTI ON RULE
a b c
sinA sinB sinC

2 2 2
2 2 2
1. a b c 2bc cos A....side
b c a
2. cos A ....angle
2bc
+
+

( )
( )
1
t an A B
a b
2
1. ....side
1
a b
t an A B
2
B C b c A
2. t an cot ....angle
2 b c 2
+
+

+
,
a = b cos C + c cos B
PROPERTI ES OF TRI ANGLES
I f any Tr iangle ABC
HALF ANGLE & SI DES
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
s b s c A
1. sin
2 bc
s s a A
2. cos
2 bc
s b s c A
3. t an
2 s s a
a b c
wher e s
2

+ +

AREA OF TRI ANGLE

1
1. Ar ea bc sin A
2

( When 2 sides and included

angle ar e given )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
2. Ar ea s s a s b s c
.... when 3 sides ar e given

RADI US OF I N - CI RCLE
RADI US OF CI RCUM - CI RCLE
a b c
1. R
2 sin A 2 si n B 2 si n C
abc
2. R , ar ea
4

( )
A
1. r s a t an
2
A B C
2. r 4R sin sin sin
2 2 2

HYPERBOLI C
FUNCTI ONS
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
e e
1. sinh x
2
e e
2. cosh x
2
e e
3. t anh x
e e
e e
4. cot h x
e e
2
5. sech x
e e
2
6. cosech x
e e

+
+

I DENTI TI ES
NEGATI VE ANGLES
RELATI ONSHI PS
NOTE
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
1. cosh x si nh x 1
2. cosh x sinh x cosh 2x
3. sech x t anh x 1
4. cot h x cos ech x 1

+
+

x
x
1. cosh x sinhx e
2. cosh x sinhx e

+

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
1. si nh x sinh x 4. cot h x cot h x
2. cosh x cosh x 5. sech x sech x
3. t anh x t anh x 6. cosech x cosech x



1
1. sech x
coshx
1
2. cosech x
sinhx
sinhx
3. t anh x
coshx
1
4. cot h x
t anh x

I NV. TRI GONOMETRI C FUNCTI ONS

( f or pr i nci pal val ues of x )
BASI C I DENTI TI ES
1 1
1 1
1 1
1. sin x cos x
2
2. t an x cot x
2
3. sec x cosec x
2

+
RECI PROCAL I DENTI TI ES
1 1
1 1
1 1
1
1. cosec x sin
x
1
2. sec x cos
x
1
3. cot x t an
x



_

,
_

,
_

,
NEGATI VE ARGUMENTS
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1. sin x sin x
2. cos x cos x
3. t an x t an x
4. cot x cot x
5. sec x sec x
6. cosec x cosec x












THREE USEFUL RESULTS
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1
2
2
1 1
2 2
x y
1. t an x t an y t an
1 xy
x y
2. t an x t an y t an
1 xy
2x
3. 2t an x sin
1 x
2x 1 x
t an cos
1 x 1 x




_ +
+

,
_



+
,

+
NOTE
REMEMBER
I NV. HYPERBOLI C FUNCTI ONS
{ }
{ }
1 2
1 2
1
1
1
2
1
2
1. sinh x log x x 1
2. cosh x log x x 1
1 1 x
3. t anh x log
2 1 x
1 x 1
4. cot h x log
2 x 1
1 1
5. sech x log 1
x
x
1 1
6. cosech x log 1
x
x

+ +
+
+ _

,
+ _

,


+
' ;




+ +
' ;


2 2
1
2 2
1
1
x x x a
1. sinh log
a a
x x x a
2. cosh log
a a
x 1 a x
3. t anh log
a 2 a x

+ + _

' ;
,



+ _

' ;
,


+ _ _

, ,
Unl ess ot her wi se speci f i ed
l og x means l og
e
x or 1n x