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AS 4433.

1—1997

Australian Standard
This is a free 6 page sample. Access the full version at http://infostore.saiglobal.com.

Guide to the sampling of particulate


materials

Part 1: Sampling procedures


This Australian Standard was prepared by Committee MN/10, Sampling of
Minerals. It was approved on behalf of the Council of Standards Australia on
16 September 1996 and published on 5 January 1997.

The following interests are represented on Committee MN/10:


Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy
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Australian Coal Association


Bureau of Steel Manufacturers of Australia
Chamber of Mines of Western Australia
CSIRO, Division of Mathematics and Statistics
CSIRO, Division of Minerals
Minerals Council of Australia
The Royal Australian Chemical Institute

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editi on, and any amendments thereto.
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Australia, are welcomed. Notification of any inaccuracy or ambiguity found in an Australian Standard
should be made wit hout delay in order that the matter may be investigated and appropriate action taken.

This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 85136 and DR 91259.
AS 4433.1—1997

Australian Standard
This is a free 6 page sample. Access the full version at http://infostore.saiglobal.com.

Guide to the sampling of particulate


materials

Part 1: Sampling procedures

PUBLISHED BY STANDARDS AUSTRALIA


(STANDARDS ASSOCIATION OF AUSTRALIA)
1 THE CRESCENT, HOMEBUSH, NSW 2140
ISBN 0 7337 0771 8
AS 4433.1 — 1997 2

PREFACE

This Guide was prepared by the Standards Australia Committee on Sampling of Minerals,
as a basis for preparing Standards for sampling a range of minerals from moving streams
and stationary situations.
This Guide is Part 1 of the AS 4433 series for the sampling of particulate materials,
which is to be used as a basis for preparing sampling Standards for a number of mineral
commodities. Other Guides in the series are as follows:
Part 2: Preparation of samples
Estimating sampling precision
Checking for bias
An investigation of sampling theory has been carried out to justify the principles adopted.
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The terms ‘normative’ and ‘informative’ have been used in this Guide to define the
application of the Appendices to which they apply. A normative appendix is an integral
part of a Standard, whereas an informative appendix is for guidance and information only.

 Copyright STANDARDS AUSTRALIA


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3 AS 4433.1 — 1997

CONTENTS
Page
1 SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3 DEFINITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
4 NOTATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
5 PRINCIPLES OF SAMPLING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
6 ESTABLISHING A SAMPLING SCHEME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
7 MINIMIZATION OF BIAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
8 NUMBER OF INCREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
9 MASS OF LOT AND SUBLOT SAMPLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
10 MASS-BASIS SAMPLING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
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11 TIME-BASIS SAMPLING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
12 STRATIFIED RANDOM SAMPLING—FIXED MASS OR TIME INTERVALS . 30
13 MECHANICAL SAMPLING FROM MOVING STREAMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
14 MANUAL SAMPLING FROM MOVING STREAMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
15 STOPPED-BELT SAMPLING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
16 SAMPLING FROM STATIONARY SITUATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
17 PACKING AND MARKING OF SAMPLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

APPENDICES
A DEFINITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
B NOTATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
C EXAMPLES OF VARIANCE CALCULATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
D MECHANICAL SAMPLING IMPLEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
E MANUAL SAMPLING IMPLEMENTS— MOVING STREAMS . . . . . . . . . . 57
F MANUAL SAMPLING IMPLEMENTS—STATIONARY SITUATIONS . . . . . 59

First published as AS 4433.1—1997.


AS 4433.1 — 1997 4

STANDARDS AUSTRALIA

Australian Standard
Guide to the sampling of particulate materials

Part 1: Sampling procedures

1 SCOPE This Guide sets out the basic methods for sampling particulate materials
from moving streams and stationary situations, including stopped-belt sampling, to
provide samples for measuring one or more variables in an unbiased manner and with a
known degree of precision. The variables are measured by chemical analysis, physical
testing or both. These sampling methods are applicable to materials that require inspection
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to verify compliance with product specifications or contract settlements, to calculate the


value of a quantity as a basis for settlement between trading partners or to estimate the set
of variables and variances that describes a system or procedure. Stopped-belt sampling is
the reference method against which other sampling procedures are compared. Sampling
from moving streams is the preferred method. Both falling-stream and cross-belt samplers
are described.
Sampling from stationary situations is used only where sampling from moving streams is
not possible. The procedures described in this Guide for sampling from stationary
situations merely minimize some of the systematic sampling errors.
This Guide will be used as the basis for preparation and revision of sampling Standards
for ores, concentrates and coal. It is also applicable to the sampling of other particulate
materials for which no sampling Standards exist.

2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS The following documents are referred to in this


Guide:
AS
1152 Specification for test sieves
4433 Guide to the sampling of particulate materials
4433.2 Part 2: Preparation of samples
ISO
3084 Iron ores — Experimental methods for evaluation of quality variation

3 DEFINITIONS For the purpose of this Guide, the definitions given in Appendix A
apply.

4 NOTATION A list of symbols used in this Guide is presented in Appendix B.

5 PRINCIPLES OF SAMPLING
5.1 General Inspections or evaluations of bulk materials are based on collecting for a
lot sample a set of unbiased primary increments from the lot (cargo or shipment),
preparing a test sample from the lot sample without introducing a systematic error, and
taking a test portion from the test sample and analysing it by applying an appropriate and
properly calibrated analytical method or test procedure under prescribed conditions.
However, taking interleaved sublot samples from the bulk material may be necessary in
some cases to check the precision of the result.

COPYRIGHT
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AS 4433.1-1997, Guide to the sampling of


particulate materials Sampling procedures
This is a free 6 page sample. Access the full version at http://infostore.saiglobal.com.

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