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vo = vi
s + s + s
1 LC
1 1 + LC LC
The cutoff frequency represents 0.707 of the maximum output impedance. As in the series bandpass filter, the bandwidth of a LC band-stop circuit is defined by the frequencies between the upper and lower 3 dB points. For the first order filter in this experiment the slope should approach 40 dB per decade around the frequency of interest.
Parts
AC Voltage Source Resistors: virtual 10 (2) Inductor: virtual 200 H Capacitor: virtual 220 pF
Test Equipment
15
16
Formulae
Center Frequency
fC =
1 2 LC
Equation 3-1
Impedances
XL = 2 fCL
Equation 3-2
Xc =
1 2 fC
Equation 3-3
Decibels dB = 20 log V
Equation 3-4
Procedure
Figure 3-1
1. Connect the circuit components illustrated in Figure 3-1. 2. Calculate the resonant frequency of the band-stop circuit and note this value in Table 3-1.
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3. Double-click the AC voltage source and enter the calculated resonant frequency. 4. Double-click the Oscilloscope to view its display. Set the time base to 10 ns/Div and Channel 1 to 500 mV/Div as indicated at the top of the display window. 5. Start the simulation and measure the frequency of oscillation at the output. Note the associated amplitude in Table 3-1. 6. Refer to Table 3-1 and enter the AC Voltage Source frequency = each frequency listed and the Amplitude = 1. Measure and note the associated amplitude at each frequency given. Calculate the associated dB value using equation 3-4. You will have to run the simulator for each measurement. Draw a sketch of amplitude versus frequency for your data. Comment on your data. 7. Double-click the Bode Plotter and choose Magnitude, LOG, F = 0 dB, 1 GHz, I = -200 dB, 1 mHz. 8. Restart the simulation and estimate the bandwidth of the filter by dragging the red marker to the 3dB points as indicated by the frequency and dB values shown on the lower right section of the Bode Plotter. Verify that your sketch corresponds to the Bode Plotter display.
Expected Outcome
18
Additional Challenge
For Figure 3-1, calculate C so that the circuit resonates at fc = 1010 kHz. Set up a table similar to Table 3-1 using frequencies of 10.1 kHz, 101 kHz, 1010 kHz, 10.1 MHz and 101 MHz. Replace existing simulated component values by double-clicking on the component of interest. Run the simulation and comment on your data.