After Reading Rule

Gii thiu
Do ny quanh qun thy Vit Nam cng c kh nhiu ngi mi chi c vy ( v chc chn s c thm nhiu ngi mi chi ). Ti h bin son mt ti liu nho nh gip qun ho bt b ng khi bt u bc chn vo lnh vc rt to ln v cng rt hay ho ny. Thc ra m ni th, sch c vy cn bn Vit Nam chnh thc cho n gi th ch c mi mt quyn Nhp mn c vy do V Thin Bo bin son l r rng v d hiu nht. Nhng theo ngu ca ti h th my ngi mi chi rt l li cm mt quyn sch dy gn 200 trang m c [ Trong khi ch cn c hiu - ng dng tt kin thc trong ny l trnh t mt tm cao nht nh] Hy vng vi ti liu nh ny, bn c th nhanh chng tip cn c tr chi cc k th v ny.

Thn ---------------------------p/s: Tnh hnh l mi b sung thm 5 trang lut c vy cn bn u. Cm n c

Sau khi c lut, bn cn phi lm g ?

LUT C VY CN BN
Bn C, Qun C Trn bn c c 9 im c nh du gi l 9 sao. Chnh gia l sao trung tm (thin nguyn). Ngi chi khng cn cc sao ny, tr khi chi chp qun (handicap). Qun c chun trn dt, ng knh 2,2 cm, hai mt gia phng ln.

Nhng iu Lut C Bn C vy c 9 iu lut c bn: 1. C vy l tr chi gia 2 i th 2. Mt u th i qun Trng cn u th kia i qun en. u th cm qun en i trc ( tr trng hp u chp th bn Trng i trc ). 3. Qun c c t vo cc giao im ca cc ng k 4. Mi mt qun c khi c t vo v tr th khng c php di chuyn na (tr trng hp b bt lm t binh, th phi b nhc ra ngoi, s ni iu 6) 5. u th no chim c nhiu t hn th thng vn c 6. Cc qun c b i phng lm cho ht kh th gi l t binh v b nhc ra khi bn c. 7. Khng c ddawtjquaan vo v tr khng cn kh 8. C nhng qui c t bit cho trng hp tranh chp ln nhau, c gi l ko, s gii thch sau. 9. S c nhng iu lut ring cho vic nh c chp. T iu 1 n iu 4 khng gii thch g thm. iu 5 n 9 s c km nhng gii thch v minh ha c th. 2

Nhng nh Ngha Chnh 1.Vng t (cn gi l lnh th) L cc giao im trng (khng c qun) c cc qun ca mt bn vy kn chung quanh. Xem hnh v (trong c t gc v t gia bn c c gch cho). Mc ch ca mi bn l tm cch vy kn c cng nhiu t cng tt. khi kt thc vn c, m t ai nhiu hn th ngi thng. Trong khi tranh ginh t ng thi tm cch vy bt qun i phng, loi tr qun i phng ra khi bn c (bt t binh) m thc cht cng l chim t v mi mt t binh b bt s cho mt giao im trng.

Kch thc ca vng t c m bi s giao im cha trong n. Vng t gc ch cn dung t qun m chim c nhiu do cc gc v cc cnh thay th cho qun. Vng t gia, ngc li, dung qun nhiu m chim c t. Ngi chi phi nh li th v bt li ny.

2. m qun v kh ca m qun m qun gm mt hay nhiu qun ca mt bn nm lin nhau theo hang dc hay hang ngang. Kh ca m qun l nhng giao im trng nm st bn m qun theo ng dc v ngang.

3. n qun ( hay bt qun) Khi mt bn i qun chn nt kh cui cng ca m qun i phng, th tt c cc qun ca m qun ny coi nh cht hn v b nhc ra khi bn c (gi l t binh). T binh c gi tnh im cui vn.

Sau en tam gic, cc qun Trng b bt v a ra khi bn c.

4. Chy qun Khi mt m qun c nguy c b bt hay ang b cht th n phi tm ng tho chy bng cch ni di m qun ca mnh ra c thm kh.

5. Ni m qun L nc i lm 2 m qun ring l tr thnh mt m qun mi duy nht, vi mc ch l ph vy, tng thm kh cho m qun mi ny.

Trng 1 ni.

6. im ht kh L giao im m tt c cc kh chung quanh ca n b i phng chim ht c (hnh v di) Khng c t qun vo im ht kh tr trng hp ko s ni sau. ( Nhng c t qun cng bn: nhm trn c t qun Trng, di c t qun en). C hai nc cm. 1) Cm i vo giao im b i phng chn ht kh 2) Cm i vo giao im cn li cui cng ca m qun b i phng vy cht. Tuy nhin c nhng nc b i phng vy m khng cm. Nh hnh di, en c th i vo nhng giao im trng nu sau nc s n ngay qun Trng.

8. Vy Chim t Mi bn c th chim t bng 2 cch 1. Ni lin cc qun ca mnh cng vi cc gc, cc cnh ca bn c thnh mt vng khp kn, din tch bn trong vng khp kn ny chnh l t chim c ca bn . 2. Ni lin cc qun vi nhau thnh mt vng khp kn (xem hnh v) Nhn vo hnh v, ta thy nhng vng t khc nhau do hai bn chim c: Trng c 2 vng, mt vng cha 17 giao im, mt vng cha 22 giao im, en cng chim c 2 vng: vng gia bn c c 9 giao im v vng kia c 31 giao im. Tnh tng cng Trng c 39 im, en c 40 im.

9. m t chim c Hnh di m t mt vn u kt thc. Vic xc nh thng thua c tin hnh nh sau: Cc im a, b, c v d gi l dame, cc bn s nhau in qun vo ( nhng im ny khng t chim c ca bn no ht ). Sau , ta nhc cc qun cht k thut ( hnh gic ) ra khi bn c, cng chng vo s t binh bt.

chia thuc tam b

Sau khi hon tt vic in cc im trung tnh v cc qun cht k thut, ri in cc qun t ca mi ngi, sp xp li t ra hnh d m, hnh di y.

nhc ra cht vo ta c

D dng m c Trng c 16 t, trong khi en c 20 t, en hn 4, nhng do Trng c 5,5 mc komi do bt li i sau, Trng thng 1,5 mc.

-------------------------------------Trn y l ton b lut c vy cn bn cc bn c th tm hiu v c vy, sau y l ni dung chnh ca ti liu ny After Reading Rule

Vn 1: Khai cuc
Ch vy trong c vy c 2 ngha, mt l vy qun i phng, hai l vy t. Thng thua trong mt vn c c quyt nh bi t, ai vy c nhiu t hn, ngi thng. ( Lu : n qun ch l mt phn ph, xy ra khi tranh ginh t )

1) Cn bn v khai cuc
By gi hy xem khai cuc ca mt vn u 13 x 13 Ta c th thy, 4 qun u u nm v tr gn vi im sao gc. >> t gc l ni quan trng nht.

Sau na l, tt c nhng qun c ny ch c t hng 3 v hng 4. >> Ly t v pht trin c tt nht l hng 3 v 4.

Hnh 2 c xem nh mt vn u hon chnh ca khai cuc nh trn. Khi t ca en ( khong trng bn phi ) v t ca Trng ( bn tri ) nh hnh r rng [ ngha l vng t c bao vy bi cc qun en v Trng lin nhau, khng c ch h ].

Hnh 1

Hnh 2

So snh vi khai cuc ca vn u ( Hnh 1 ), quan st mt cht, d dng thy l, phn t ca Trng vy c l vng xung quanh nhng qun Trng lc u c t vo, ( tng t cho qun en. ) y l vn v mt khai cuc - Vic trc ht l phi to khung .

2) Khai cuc nh th no
Ni khai cuc l to khung, vy chnh xc l nh th no ? Cng xem khai cuc ca mt vn u 19 x 19. C 2 bn u khng c g i sai nhng cn bn m ti ni trn 4 qun u khai cuc gc, tt c nhng qun cn li nm bin 3 v bin 4. Nc en 5 l mt nc rt tt, to vi en 1 mt hnh c chc chn gc. Ti mun hi bn c cm gic ai thng khng ? ng vi tr li, ti khng bit g ht . Hy nhn vo bn c. D dng thy rng qun en nh tri u hn trn bn c. Mi qun u c th pht huy sc mnh mc ti a. Ta ni c en pht trin nhanh. Ngc li, Trng cng tn 5 qun, nhng tt c nhng g Trng lm c l vy c mt gc nh v 1 qun n c b tn cng. Ta ni c Trng pht trin chm. Nh vy, r rng l en ang thng th. Mt yu lnh khi khai cuc na. To khung rng, phi hp vi nhau mt cch trit . Khng b g b

Nhng nc i thng thng nht Vy i nh th no th tt nht sau khi t 4 qun gc ? n lt en i. Nhng nc i t a n l u l nhng im quan trng trn bn c. a - th chc gc, m 1, l mt nc c gi tr v t v th cc b. b cho n g, - gi cc vng quanh sao bin. To hnh c rng. k ngn Trng thc hin vic i n l - li chi ch ng, tn dng li th i trc ca mnh tn cng trc ginh li th nht nh.

Lu : Cng c th p dng quy tc ny cho khai cuc bn 13 x 13

---------Tm dng v mt khai cuc. Cn bn l vy. Nu c cn bn ri, mun bit thm v khai cuc th nn c cun Opening Theory made Easy. Ti ch mun cung cp cho bn mt lng thng tin t v d hiu thi :|

Vn 2: Nhng K Thut Cn Bn
+ Tip cn
Sau khi khai cuc cn bn, giai on k tip chnh l tip cn t i phng. C 3 mc ch ch yu trong vic tip cn qun gc. - Ly th ch ng - T m rng t mnh - Hn ch t i th Thng thng, 90% qun khai cuc ti gc nm v tr tiu mc (im 3 4 ) v v tr sao ( im 4 4 ). Hnh 1: Tiu mc tip cn ( tn cng ) qun en v tr tiu mc, c rt nhiu cch, a, b l hai nc c chung s dng nht.

Hnh 2: Sao Ngc li, v tr tip cn qun en ti im sao li rt t, hn 95% l a, ty vo trng hp c bit ca th c m c th l b, hoc c, nhng, chng chim t l rt t. bit c cch p tr nhng nc tip cn ny. Hy c qua nhng k thut chin u cn bn pha di. Cc bn s nghin cu k v vn ny khi hc mt ti rc ri hn nh thc.

+ Cc k thut cn bn
a) Hiu qu ca qun c Hy nhn vo cc hnh bn. Ti mun ni mt iu ht sc cn bn. Mt m qun cng ln th cng mnh. m s kh ca cc qun bn cnh, ta c 1 qun 4 kh 2 qun 6 kh 3 qun 8 kh
( T dng nh my ci lin kt ca C vi H cht tit trong ha hu c :| )

iu c ngha l, mun tn cng mt qun, s cn t qun hn l tn cng mt m qun. mt ci nhn khc l, nh hng ca mt m qun ln, mnh hn mt t qun. Qua y, ta c th thy tm quan trng ca vic lin kt cc qun c. Trc khi bt tay vo tn cng, nn t phng th nhng im yu ca qun mnh.

b) Ct qun - Ni qun y l 2 k thut quan trng nht trong mt trn u. - Cc qun hnh bn khng c lin h vi nhau. Chng ch l 2 qun ring l. en s nh 1 ni chng vi nhau, to thnh hnh mnh. - Tri li, nc Trng 1 di dng ct en thnh nhng m qun ring l. T cng c qun mnh v d dng tn cng qun en hn.

Ngoi cch ni trc tip, trong mt trn u thng thng, ta d dng bt gp cc loi ni nh sau - Ni di en 1 hnh bn l ni di, gi l ni bi Trng khng th ct c 2 im a v b, v khi Trng t qun vo mt trong hai im ny, qun Trng s b n ngay lp tc v ch cn 1 kh. im a v b c gi l ming h . Cn t di ngha l n di, pha gn bin.:| Tng t, nu Trng nh v tr 1. Ta gi l ct.

- Ni i en 1 c gi l ni i, bi en c 2 nc ni, nu Trng nh a, en chi b v ngc li, 4 qun en d dng gi lin lc c vi nhau. y l mt hnh c rt mnh tn t qun nhng c nh hng rng.

Ngoi ra cn rt nhiu kiu ni cng nh cch ni khc nhau m khi thc chin, bn s bt gp. Trong mt trn u, mt m qun mnh bo m tt 2 mc ch, bo v chnh mnh khng b bt, v d dng tn cng qun ca i th hn.

c) M rng pht trin Tt nhin, trn c s l thuyt bit, chng ta cn phi gi mt ci nn phn bin hoc gc bo m cho s an ton ca qun mnh. Vic to nn, hay l m c, tun theo quy tc no ? l. - rng cho qun mnh d dng pht trin. - Lun ni c qun nu i phng c tn cng. - C gi tr k v mt th c v t.

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Nhng hnh thc m rng t mt ( hay mt m ) qun thng thng nh sau:

Cc nc m nh trn u l l tng, tuy nhin, ty vo trng hp trn u m ngi chi pht trin theo cch ring ca h. Ngoi ra, trn u s pht trin v chnh gia bn c, khi p dng nhun nhuyn nc nhy l mu cht tranh ginh t gia.

d) Kp trnh nc m rng ca Trng, en 1 kp l mt phng php hiu qu, khng cho Trng khng gian bin

Hnh 1: Gip cng cao, thng th Trng s nhy a, phn gip cng c hoc p st cho bng b Hnh 2: Gip cng thp, a nhy v c im tam-tam l phng php thng thng nht. b trong trng hp c bit.

e) B Mt k thut m ngi chi phi ht sc cn thn khi dng. Trng 3 v 5 gi l b. n gin v chng b st theo cc qun en pha trn. K thut ny c tc dng cng c qun mnh mt cch chc chn nht. D dng th t nht v thng l em li hu qu t nht. Bi v trong lc Trng b bng 3 v 5, en 4, 6 to thnh tng rt l tng cho en pht trin pha ngoi. V th s dng thun thc k thut ny, bn phi trnh cao hn xt xem, mnh c nn tng cho i th mt li th to ln nh vy khng.

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Lu : S th t hng ca m qun b rt quan trng, ( thng th m qun nm hng 3 )

Nu en cho Trng b hng 5 ( hoc c th l 4 ) nh hnh bn th ci li ngoi th bn ngoi khng th so snh vi s t l Trng ly c pha trong.

Nu en b hng 2, l tht bi ln ca qun en.

Nh ni trn, khng phi l thuyt c th p dng vo bt c trng hp no. Nhng nhng iu ti trnh by trn l cn bn, cn phi nm vng. f) B Tip tc n vi mt k thut khng km phn quan trng ca c vy.

Nhng nc en 1 cc hnh trn u gi l b. Tip tc l mt k thut d hiu b u ca qun Trng bng nc i cho k qun mnh. C tc dng ngn chn hng pht trin ca qun ch Ti sao ti ni y l mt k thut quan trng. Hy xem, khi ti thay i qun en 1 l qun Trng, hnh c ca 2 bn tr nn khc hn ...

D dng thy rng v th ca cc qun en i vi qun Trng yu i hn so vi hnh pha trn. Nu bn vn cha hiu tm quan trng ca nc b th ti xin ly thm mt v d na

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Hnh tri, en nh trc, ngc li, Trng nh trc hnh phi, c 2 u dng nc b 1, nc 3 gi l b i c tm nh hng rt ln. 6 l mt nc i cng c li hnh c, trnh b tn cng ( chnh nc ny ). Sau khi m 7. Ta c th thy s khc nhau r rng gia 2 hnh c v ngoi th ln t. l tc dng ca b.

+ Ngot y l mt bin th ca k thut b. Nhng c mt im rt khc l en c qun v im ct Tn cng c phn thoi mi hn. bo

+ Chn n gin l chn qun Trng sau nc b, gi t v trnh Trng t to chn hay l ni m Trng d dng to sng. Nc chn l nc thng xuyn dng p tr nc b. Ngoi ra, en cn c th ct sau khi Trng b.

g) Nhy

en 1 cc hnh trn gi l nhy. Hnh 1: Khi 2 bn u c qun Trng, en khng th m bin ly nn tng pht trin, v th, nhy 1 l mt k thut cn bn trong trng hp ny. Phn ln ngi ta ch nhy 1 , en 1 Hnh 2 l mt trng hp c bit ca k thut nhy. Hnh 3: phng th nc Trng b vo ph t cng nh nc p c,thay v phi th ng chi a. en chn phng php nhy 1 nc i thch hp nht cho en. Nhy l mt k thut dng rt nhiu trong trn u tht. c bit l trong cc nh thc. Chng ta s tip tc hc k cng hn v sau.

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h) nh cho

en 1 nh cho cc hnh trn l mt cch nh kh thng dng. Tuy thot nhn c v hnh c pht trin kh chm nhng li l mt nc mnh, kh b tn cng, li d dng pht trin ra hai bn v hnh c c 1 qun hng 3 v 1 qun hng 4 phi hp vi nhau. en 1 hnh cui l mt nc c gi tri thc li rt ln. Thng th en nh cho dng t n nh v cho Trng t do chn bin th v i ph.

i) p st + p st thng thng en 1 2 hnh bn l mt nc tip cn bng cch p st m khng c mt s h tr trc tip ca qun en y l mt cch tip nhn thng thng dng trong giai on trung bn nhm hn ch t i phng Tuy nhin k thut ny l k thut kh, khng i hi ngi mi chi phi bit.

+ p st cho en tn dng li th ca qun en c sn thc hin nc p st, va l nh cho. Mc ch t lm mnh qun mnh, va tn cng qun i phng. Thng th Trng p tr bng cch dng mt qun a gi l ng. Cn lu rng gi tr ca qun Trng a rt ln, nu Trng b qua, en lp tc s chim a, to hnh p v qun Trng ch cn tc dng aji. Nhng cn ch mt iu quan trng rng, bn cnh t cng c qun mnh, nc p st cho cn to cho Trng hnh dng ln l mt hnh p. Ty trng hp m en nn s dng k thut ny mt cch hp l. Di y l mt v d n gin.

Sau khi Trng dng ln 2, lu rng en bt buc phi cng c qun bng 3, to iu kin cho Trng m 4 l mt nc m l tng. en tn cng p st khng tt. Nhng ..

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Nu en c qun , en 1 l mt li chi ng n cho en, v sau en 3, Trng khng th tha mn vi nc m kh nh bng 4. Trng bt li.

+ Nhy p st

en 1 2 hnh trn u l nc nhy p st. hnh tri, tn dng qun im sao c sn, nhy p st c tc dng qun Trng tip cn, to ngoi th v gi t gc. Trng hnh phi l khng tt v nu ch xt ring cc b vng , 2 qun en en 1 l nc thch hp nht cho en, Trng kh x l. to nn mt hnh tt,

j) Dng

en 1 trong cc hnh trn gi l dng. Dng l mt k thut c tm nh hng rt ln trong pht trin hnh c, u c cng tng l pht trin mt qun c c sn ln ( hoc xung ), nhng dng khc vi nhy, bn c thy ci g khc gia dng v nhy khng ? Mt v d v nhy cn bn l nh th ny

Ci khc gia dng v nhy v g ?

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 l, khi nhy qun, nh ca ngi chi l mun mt hnh c pht trin nhanh, khng b g b. Do qun c c sn cha tip xc vi bt k qun Trng no. Ta chn k thut nhy Cn ngc li, dng ch trng v tm nh hng, do n c nh sau mt nc p st ca i th, do , tn dng th mnh ca hnh c 2 qun dnh nhau l mt phng php kh d dng s dng.

k)

en 1 cc hnh trn c gi l . ngha ca n cng d hiu, Hnh 1, en tn dng qun

c sn

. y l mt nc rt ln. V sau, en i a nh 1, va c tc dng qun Trng, va lin lc tt vi qun chim c mt vng t ln. ( Nu n lt Trng, i 1 cng l nc ln nht cho Trng ti ch ny ) Hnh 2, Hnh 3 : en 1 ngn chn vic Trng dng ln cng ti im 1. Ngn cn c en pht trin. l) Lt

Lt di cng l mt k thut quan trng Hnh 1: en 1 v 3 u gi l lt di. C tc dng lp nn mng d dng to sng khi cn. Ngoi ra, en 1 c gi tr v t kh ln, en 3 cn ngn chn vic Trng nhy xung, t n nh. Hnh 2 : en 1 cng c gi tr tng t nh Hnh 1, sau khi Trng 2, en t m rng 3, n nh. Hnh 3: C th coi en 1 l mt nc nhy p st, nhng n cng c tc dng nh mt nc lt. en nh nc ny trong trng hp cn to sng lin lc .

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m) im en 1 2 hnh bn gi l im, ngha l nh gn vi nc ct trong hnh c qun Trng, nu Trng khng th en s ct vo im ct . Hnh 1: Nu Trng khng nh 2, en s chim 2 v n qun Trng Hnh 2: Khi en ly c im 2, hnh c Trng yu i rt nhiu, v th, Trng khng th b qua.

V phng din cao cp hn, im cn nh hng n sng cht ca mt m qun, y l mt k thut i hi phi c b dy kinh nghim. Ngi yu tay i khi lm dng im qu nhiu. Khng tt.

+ Mt vi v d
Sau khi c ht nhng k thut rc ri pha trn ri, ti xin gii thiu mt vi nh thc cn bn m s dng nhiu k thut c hc trn. ( nh thc: Nhng bin th gc m c nghin cu l kt qu tha mn cho c 2 bn )

1) V d 1

y l mt nh thc rt quen thuc, ( mc d k th ng cp thp c khuyn khch l bt s dng ). Trng 1 tip cn bng nc i thng thng nht en 2 nhy p st, Trng 1 Trng 3 b, ngn Trng pht trin v pha di, t cng c qun mnh en 4 dng, to hnh c p, gi ngoi th. Trng 5 ni di c tc dng gn nh l nc dng. ( Nu sau en 4, en c th i 5 th l mt nc chn rt c li v t ) en 6 chn, gi t v ngn Trng pht trin t Trng 7 m rng, to khung en 8 m rng, nh thc kt thc V sau, qun no chim c im a rt c li.

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2) V d 2

Tng t, mt nh thc kh ph bin en 2, kp, ngn Trng m rng qun 1 Trng 3, nhy en 4, va tn cng 2 qun Trng, va m rng pha bin trn Trng 5 v 7, lt di en 6, chn, gi gc V sau, en c th im 8, Trng ni bng 9, en p st 10. Bin th n Trng 15. en th qun en 10. gi ngoi th pha ngoi.

3) V d 3 Trng 1, tip cn thng thng en 2, kp Trng 3, p st cho en 4, dng, thc ra en c th nh 5 nh k thut cn bn ni trn, nhng s dn n nhng bin th rt phc tp. Dng 4 l Trng 5, b. en 6, chn Trng 7, dng, t n nh hnh c en 8, m rng. Do m qun Trng n nh ( khng lo b cht ) v v c qun en 2. Trng khng tm c nc m rng tt c. Do , Trng c th thot tin ( i nh vng khc trn bn c )

C th thy nc m rng ng vai tr quan trng trong nhng nh thc trn, gi l thc v phng th.

-------------------------------Ngoi nhng k thut cn bn ti ni trn, trong thc chin s xy ra rt nhiu bin th khc l, phi dng nhiu k nng khc na. Nhng ng lo, ch cn bn nm vng nhng k thut cn bn ny, p dng n tt mt cht, th vic suy ngh nh c nhng ci nm ngoi cn bn khng phi l vn kh khn. Cng xin tin nhc li, nhng kin thc trn ch p dng cho hnh c cc b, khi bn tr thnh mt k th gii, th vic suy ngh v tnh ton quan trng hn l phi rp khun theo nhng cn bn ny.

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Vn 3: K Thut Bt Qun
1) Phng php n qun trc tip
a) Yu lnh n qun. Phn ln cuc chin trn bn u bt u bin. Vic tn dng bin tranh chp l k nng bt buc phi c.

Trong trn u thc, c rt nhiu bin th khi nh nhau gn bin.

V cn bn, yu lnh ca bt qun rt d, l bit s dng bin v tng ca qun mnh. ( Bin c th coi l tng ca c 2 bn con dao hai li ) + V d 1: Bt qun hng 2. ? a hay b Xt hnh bn, lm sao n c qun Cu tr li l, a. Tn dng bin, p qun Trng ny v pha bin, khi ta c nh hnh bn phi Sau en 5, 3 qun Trng b bt

Tip tc xem hnh ny, vn l lm sao sao n c ? a hay b. Cu tr li tip tc l a. l li dng bin n qun ny. Sau en 5, 3 qun Trng b bt.

L do en c th n Trng ? V khi Trng ng xung t hng 2, s kh ca qun trng ch tng thm 1, v nh th, sau khi en lp 1 kh, Trng khng c ch to thm kh, cng nh khng c ng chy ra ngoi.

+ V d 2a: Bt qun hng 3

Mu 1: By gi a hnh c bt qun ny ln hng 3 cao hn 1 hng. Tng t, c 2 cch bt qun trc tip bng a v b. Chn cch no ? Hnh 1: Nu en nh b, Trng vui v ko di ra bin, chy thot. en tht bi Hnh 2: a l nc i ng cho Trng. Trng ko di bng 2, en 3 chn mt ng. Trng 4 ko di. Nhng, en 5 l mt li do hp tp ham bt qun. Trong khi Trng cn 2 kh X pha di th hnh c en vn cn im yu X

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Hnh 3: Tip tc, Trng bt 1, en ni bng 2, v Trng n gin bt Trng 3, qun en b tm gn. Trng chy thot. Hnh 4: Do , sau Trng 1. en a l khng tt, en phi chn mt trong hai nc t n nh qun mnh. Bng b hoc c. Hnh 5: Tuy nhin, en ch cn n gin ko di bng 1,3,5. Trng b bng 2, 4, 6 hng 2. Nh bn Vn 2, b hng 2 l mt bt li ln. en tha mn.

+ V d 2b: Bt qun hng 3

Mu 2: Tng t Mu 1, nhng en c qun

, hnh c chc, mnh hn. khng pht huy hiu qu ca hnh mnh. Trng d , en nn chi a hay b ?

Hnh 1: Nhc li, bt bng b vn l sai lm, khi , qun dng chy thot

Hnh 2: By gi, en 1, Trng chy bng 2. tn dng qun en

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Hnh 3: en 1 khng chnh xc. Trng 2 chy ra, en 3, vn cn im yu X. Trng n gin nh nh Hnh 4. Trng chy thot. ( Tt nhin l en cng c th ko di ra nh v d 2a , bt trng b hng 2, nhng kt qu khng phi l tt nht ) Hnh 5: en 1 ni di t qun ring l ( yu ) l phng php ng n, sau Trng 2, en chn bng 3, khng c im yu trong hnh c ca en, Trng ch cn 2 kh. Sau en 7, Trng b bt.

+ V d 2c: Bt qun hng 3 khi hnh bn, bt qun Trng ring Tng t, khi en c qun l, en a p Trng xung bin l mt nc i d hiu. Trng 2 ni. en 3 ko di t bn yu. Trng 4 chy ra, en 5 ngot. Trng khng c ng thot.

+ Kt lun Khi mun bt mt qun i phng. C nhng vn cn phi nh sau: - p qun ch v pha bin ( hoc tt hn l tng ca qun mnh ) - Ko di ( p theo qun ch ) bng bn c qun yu. Dng bn mnh n u m qun i th. - m bo an ton ca qun mnh trc khi bt qun i phng. Khng ham n m li trong hnh c qun mnh nhng im yu. - Do , nu khng lp tc bt c qun ch, th t n nh mnh, ch cn gi li th l c.

+ Mt s bi tp n qun cn bn en nn nh u n cc qun Trng. a hay b, c. ?

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Tr li

A 1: en 1 b, p Trng v pha bin, Trng b n. A 2: en 1 l phng n ng, sau Trng 2, en ko di 3 l chnh xc, cui cng bt 3 qun trng bng 5. A 3: en 1 bt Trng phi chy v bin. en 5 ko di t cng c qun mnh l mt cch chi ng n. A 4: Sau en 1 b trng v bin, Trng hon ton khng c ng chy.

b) Mt s k thut n qun khc 1) Bt i K thut ny kh d hiu. c 2 hnh, sau khi Trng nh , nu en ni bng a, th Trng ch cn nh b l n qun cn li ca i phng. V ngc li, en ni bng b th Trng a. c gi l bt i. Bt i thng c nh Nc khi hnh c ca i phng c im yu ( ta phi nhn ra ). V cn bn, khng nn c hi cho i phng i nc c c nh hng rt mnh ny. ( ni ti ch l mt nc i t n nh tt )

2) Chinh qun Nu bn khng bit v chinh qun, ngha l bn khng bit c vy y l mt cu danh ngn ti c u . :|. Vy, chinh qun l g.

Mu 1:

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Lm sao bt c qun

? Nu n lt Trng i, th ch cn nh c l n gn mt qun en ring l pha

di. Qun ch cn 2 kh. Vy ta phi bt qun nh th no ? Hnh 1: Nh ni trn, mun bt qun i phng th thng thng phi p v pha bin hoc tng ca qun mnh, trong trng hp ny, qun en ring l ang nguy him, nu chi 1 v 3 nh trn th Trng d dng chy ra ngoi v n 1 qun en. en tht bi. Hnh 2: en 1 nh nh trn c gi l chinh qun ( cn gi l vn u d ). Trong ting Anh l ladder ngha l hnh dng ci cu thang, bn nhn vo m qun Trng b bt, c phi n to ra hnh cu thang khng. Bn cht ca mi nc i ca Trng trong ci cu thang pha trn l to thm 1 kh cho m qun . Nhng en lin tc chn 1 kh. V c nh th, trng nh theo hnh cu thang n bin ( hoc gc ) l hon ton b bt. iu c ngha l, nu qun c ca bn ang trong tnh trng b chinh qun, th ng bao gi chy ra, ch tn thm mt vi qun v ch.

Mt vi v d khc v chinh qun.

+ Ladder Breaker ( Khng bit dng t g )

Tuy nhin, khng phi chinh qun lun thnh cng. D dng nhn thy c rng, hnh c ca nhng qun Trng bc pha ngoi m qun b chinh rt yu. By gi, ta th thm vo trn ng cho ca m qun mt qun en . By gi, sau khi en 14 ni vi qun en c sn . Th Trng khng th ngn chn en vic to nhiu hn 2 kh, iu c ngha l th chinh qun ca Trng b ph, by gi en ch vic nh nhng nc bt i ti X l en tht bi ln. Trong thc chin, ngi ta thng li dng chinh qun rt nhiu. C th dng t mt qun ladder breaker ti v tr mnh cn m vn khng b hu th ( bt buc i phng phi nh tr, mnh thot tin i nh ni khc, gi l tin th, ngc li gi l hu th ). V cn bn, k thut ny gi l chinh qun.

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3) Kha bt ti ca By gi, ta nhn hnh bn, nu nh c 2 nc a v b u gi l chinh qun, nhng en c mt qun ladder breaker pha trn. Chinh qun tht bi. Vy lm sao bt qun en ?

Trng 1 l nc i ng n nht cho Trng trong trng hp ny, sau khi c chy ra bng 2 v 4, Trng 5 bt ti ca 3 qun en.

Trng kha c do tc dng ca 4 qun (ch s dng c chinh qun )

2 bn, mnh hn l ch c 1 bn

Mt s cch kha khc

Trng 1 Kha, sau Trng 7, cc qun en c gng chy ra hon ton b bt.

Mu 1: en nn nh nc no kha v n 2 qun Trng ? Hnh 1: Kha trc tip nh trn l sai. Trng c th chy ra bng bin th cho n 10 Hnh 2: en 1 l nc kha chnh xc, c gi l kha lng. Trng khng c ng thot . Kha cng l mt k thut kh. Khng phi kha lc no cng dng trong bt qun, m cn c tc dng ngn chn ng chy ca mt m qun, ngn chn i phng pht trin v hng mnh khng mun. Lu : Kha c th lm cho hnh c ca qun mnh yu i. Nn cn thn khi s dng.

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V k thut bt qun trc tip, cn rt nhiu, nhng, nh ti ni, ti liu ny ch tm gn mt s th ht sc cn bn. Khi thc chin, bn s gp nhng li cng php khc nh v - v ngc, ln nh, khot, . Hy t khm ph chng trong thc chin.

2) Git mt m qun
Bn c qua v khi nim sng cht; mt, mt tht, mt gi cha ? Thi k n, nhc li cng khng tha. X c gi l 1 mt ca m qun en, do Trng khng th t qun vo v tr . ( Khi Trng t vo, qun Trng khng c kh ). Nhng trong trng hp nh th ny th sao ? m en ch cn mt kh duy nht, v cng chnh l mt v tr X. By gi, Trng t qun vo X, m en khng cn kh no, lp tc b n, qun Trng mi t vo vn cn kh. Do , ta ni m qun en ch c 1 mt vn c th b n.

+ Mt m Qun Sng Cn Phi C 2 Mt ( Tr ln ) Ti sao li vy ? Nh ta bit, Trng khng th t mt qun vo mt ( im ht kh ). Tr trng hp Trng lp ht tt c kh ngoi. Nhng, i vi mt m qun c 2 mt, Trng khng th t qun vo ng thi c 2 mt n m qun . Ta ni, y l m qun sng ( d khng c ng chy thot )

+ To mt v ph mt

trn l cc hnh sng cn bn.

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en 1 cc hnh bn tri gi l nc i to mt ( ngha l to 2 mt tr ln ). Ngc li, ngn chn trng to 2 mt ( mc ch git m qun khng c ng chy ). Trng cng i 1 nh hnh bn phi. V d 1: Ph mt Ti sao ta ni y l mt m qun cht ? l v, nu mun, Trng c th i nh sau

Trng th thm 1 qun bng 1. en n 2. Trng nh 3 v tr 1. en tip tc n trng 3 v tr 1. en cht. 3=1 5=1 4= . n y, en ch cn 1 mt v l kh cui cng. Trng 5 nh

V vy, nu mun sng, en cng nh 1 to 2 mt. y l mt hnh sng cht cn bn. Nu mun git mt m qun no . Phn ln l Trng s a v hnh ny. V d 2: Mt gi Nhn s qua, ta c cm gic a v b l 2 mt ca m en, en sng. Nhng . Trng ch cn nh 1. 3 qun en ch cn mt kh cui cng a. Nu en khng . p li, Trng c th nh a v n 3 qun Do , a lc ny, gi l mt gi ca m qun en. V th, mun c 2 mt tht, en cng phi chi 1. + Ph mt tht ( thnh mt gi )

Trng 1 l mt nc ph mt cn bn nht. Sau khi en n bng 2. V tr 1 tr thnh mt gi. Mun sng, en cng nh 1 Tng t, Trng 1 y cng l mt nc ph mt tht. By gi th Trng c th n 5 qun en trn hoc di bng a v b. Tt nhin, en nh 1 s to sng hon ton.

Sng cht ca mt m qun l vn phc tp nht trong c vy. nh hng n tt c cc giai on trong mt vn u. V th, thng xuyn tp luyn sng cht ( gii c th ) v thc chin s gip bn nng cao trnh rt nhiu. ( Hnh nh hi mi tp chi th git qun l tr mnh khoi nht :| )

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Vn 4: Mt Vn C
Ny gi ti c ni k thut ny, k thut n, git chc, bt b, ..v..v . Vy bn c hiu s s cha. By gi, ti s phn tch mt vn u bn thng sut nhng g ti trnh by trn. ( Mt trn t chi )

a) Khai cuc Mt vn c bt u bng giai on khai cuc, ci l r rng. en nh trc. 1 cho n 4. c 2 bn gi bn ni quan trng nht gc en 5 bt u tip cn qun Trng 2 Trng 6 10. nh thc, hai bn u cn bng. ng ra en phi m rng bng nc no bin phi nhng do c en 1 tuy hnh khng p lm. C th thot tin. en 11, Trng gi t bng 12 en 13 gi bin Kt thc giai on khai cuc.

b) Trung bn Trng bt u tn cng vo t en bng 1. en 2 p st, l mt nc gi mnh. Trng 3 . en th qun en 2 ly tng bng 4, 6, 8. Trng 9 ly th. Bt buc en i 10. Bin th cho n Trng 25. Ta c th thy t ca 2 bn c nh hnh Trng c 1 vng bin pha di v gc, thm 1 vng gc kh ln pha trn bn tri en ginh c mt gc pha trn bn phi v lan ra trung tm Trn u bt u qua giai on kt thc.

c) Quan t ( thu quan ) Bt u t Trng 29, trn u bc vo giai on thu quan. Trng 73, kt thc vn u, c hai bn pass ( b lt ) Ti sao c 2 bn u b lc ? L do: nu ta t thm qun vo t ca mnh, qun s lm t t i mt mc. Cn nu ta t thm qun vo t i phng, d dng thy, bn b l tng ca ch, sng l mt vic bt kh thi. Khi xt n , ta b lc. Thng th i phng cng s b. Cch m t: Trng vy c vng no ca bn c th l t trng, v ngc li cho en. By gi xt vng t ca Trng pha di, trong mt vn u ngoi i, d tnh im, ngi ta di chuyn cc qun trong t sao cho t to thnh hnh ch nht. V d, qun Trng 61 t vo im sao gn , qun Trng 27 b ln vng trn. Vy t trng phn ny l 3 x 10 = 30 ( mc ) Sau khi cng tt c cc vng t vi nhau. Do Trng i sau, Trng c cng 6,5 mc komi ( c lut l 5,5 ). Ai nhiu t hn, ngi thng. vn u v d trn, en c 47 mc, Trng c 48,5 mc ( cng komi ). Trng thng 1,5 mc.

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Vn 5: Cc Vn Khc
1) Cht k thut

trn gi l cht k thut. Do chng khng th chy thot ra ngoi ( Hnh 1, 2 ) hoc Nhng qun en khng th to 2 mt ( Hnh 3 ). i vi nhng qun cht k thut, chng ta khng cn thit phi n bng cc nc X bi n ch lm ta mt lt v mt t mt cch v l. ( Tr trng hp cn phi n to sng ). Cui trn, khi thu quan, ta vn c php ly chng ra v b vo t i th ( Khi nh tt ri th vic xem mt m qun c cht k thut khng ch l chuyn n gin ).

2) Hnh c
Hnh c quyt nh n hiu qu ca mt m qun. Vi hnh c tt, c th d dng ni cc m qun, tn cng qun i phng, cng nh to sng, . Ti xin gii thiu mt vi loi hnh p v xu. + Hnh p

thc to hnh lun lun phi trong u. V cn bn, tt nht l bn lun nn to nhng hnh p, v trnh xa cc hnh xu. Tuy nhin, i khi hnh xu li pht huy tc dng mnh hn hnh p, hoc i khi bn b p vo tnh hung phi s dng n, th cng khng phi l mt vn ln.

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+ Hnh xu

Trong nhng hnh trn th Hnh 1 hnh ngu cn bn, t , ta kt lun nhng hnh sau cn ngu hn cn bn. Hnh xu l hnh m nhng qun c t dnh vi nhau v khng pht huy c ht tc dng ca mnh, b g b. Nn trnh i nhng hnh nh th ny. Nhng i khi, s dng hnh xu cng l mt k thut trong c vy.

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3) Tin th
Tin th, ngha l, i phng phi p tr nc i ca bn sau mt bin th no ( bi khng p tr th s tht li rt ln ), bn c php i nh ni khc. [ Tin th cn bn gn ging vi force moves ( nc i bt buc i phng phi ) ]. Khi nim tin th c v kh hiu i vi ngi mi, nhng li l mt yu t cc k quan trng trong ton b qu trnh chi c. Mt s v d Hnh 1: Tin th lc thu quan en 1 ph t, Trng 2 chn. en 3 ni. Trng bo v bng 4 ( Nu Trng khng nh 4, en bt qun Trng 2 a ). V th, en ln vo t Trng 2 mc m vn c tin th i nh ch khc. Hnh 2: Tin th ginh th en 1 , Trng bt buc phi ko di 2, nu Trng khng nh 2, en lp tc chim im . Trng bt li ln. en cm tin i nh ch khc. Tha mn vi qun en 1 to thnh hnh mnh.

Tin th l mt k thut kh. Ni chung l trnh cng cao cng phi ch trng n yu t ny. Mi tp chi c th tm b qua cng c.

4) Cp
C l khi c bt k lut c vy no, bn cng gp khi nim cp. Vy chnh xc, tc dng ca cp l g ? Nu ang chin u, bn c php nh 2 nc mt ln, l mt li th rt ln. l ngha ca cp. Bn chp nhn i th nh 2 nc lin tc mt ch no i li, bn thng cp. Thng th kt qu ca mt ln cp l trao i. Ngha l bn phi kin thc bit, trao i c li cho mnh khng, v thc hin n nh th no. V d en va nh nc , by gi, nu Trng chim c im X. m en ch cn 1 mt tht, en cht. Ngc li, nu en c im X. en to c thm 1 mt tht. To sng. C th thy l qun en ch cn 1 kh, nhng Trng khng lp tc n c, v l lut cp. V th, Trng nh Trng 1 v tr quan trng khc, nu en p li bng a. Trng s c php n qun , en tip tc cp. Nu, en khng p tr bng a m to sng cho m bn phi bng cch ni X. Tuy nhin, sau th Trng lp tc chim im a, en thit hi ln vng bn tri. V th, ta gi l trao i. Chung quy, cp l mt k thut kh hiu. Nhng cng kh quan trng. C mt cu danh ngn th ny Ngi yu hn s cp, ngi mnh hn tm n

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5) Phng php rn luyn

V vn ny, ti bt gp nhiu kin. Tt nhin l kin no i vi ti u c gi tr, nhng g th g, c gi kin ca ring mnh ri hy lo chuyn thin h. nng cao sc c nhanh chng. Ti ngh bn nn p ng nhng nhu cu sau - Chi c, lin tc chi c, khng c ci g c tc dng nhiu bng thc chin. - Rn luyn cc k nng, c bit l bt qun. Bi nh ti ni trn, bt qun l vn quan trng nht ca vn u. Ngoi ra, c c cng l mt k nng ht sc lu . Tt nhin l nhng k nng s c hnh thnh trn b dy kinh nghim. - Nh ngi khc gip - Bt c lm iu g, ngi thy hoc ngi m ng, c vai tr rt quan trng. Nu c, bn hy kim mt ngi thy ( Lu l v ny ti khng khuyn khch, ti trc gi cng chng ai dy ti ci g c, t mnh khm ph l mt tr chi l th ) bc u hon thin sc c, ch cn nh th l . Khi t c mt trnh cao nht nh, s cn nhiu cch luyn tp khc, nh xem k ph ( ca ngi hn mnh chng 5 8 cp l va ), lun c ( vi ngi cp cao hn th hiu qu s tt hn ), c sch, gii c th, .. C mt ngi no ni rng, xem k ph chuyn nghip dng nh khng gip mnh tng tin sc c, nhng nu bn mun tm hiu th no l ngh thut c vy th l mt con ng ng. V phng php rn luyn v ti liu khc, cc bn c th gh:

http://sites.google.com/site/igoviet/ http://vncovay.org/
---------------------------------------------------

Li cui sch.
Nh ni u. C vy l mt b mn th thao, hay c th gi l mt lnh vc rt rt to ln. Cc bc tin bi tn gn 200 trang vit mt quyn sch tm gi l nhp mn, nn v vic ti bin son ti liu ny trong vng 31 trang th khng th khng b qua nhiu th hay ho khc. Tuy nhin, ti cng mong rng, ti liu ny s gip ch cho nhng ngi chp chng bc vo th gii ca c vy bt phi ng ngng trc v vn kin thc nh vy. Chc bn may mn.

Trn Quang Tu Di Linh, 9 8 - 2009

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