Bo co thc tp

Phn I:

IN - IN T A .Gii thiu cc loi linh kin in t.

I. in tr

Chc nng: Hn ch dng in i qua cc phn t trong mch. Cc loi in tr:

Bin tr Nhit in tr

in tr thng

cch ghi ch s in tr:

Quang tr

in tr cng sut

Ghi ch sqoos trc tip: Cc ch s gi tr in tr c ghi trc tip trn thn ca in tr. Khong gi tr 0- <100 100- < 999 1K- <10K 10K- <1000K > 1000K Chch ghi Chir s +R Ch ghi ch s Ch s +K Ch s +K+ch s Ch s +M +ch s V d 27R=27 136=136 1K5=1,5K 470K=470K 1M5,2M

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Ghi ch s bng vch mu: cc ch s gi tr in tr dc th hin bng cc vch m. c hai loi :

loi 4 vch loi 5 vch . ngha cc vch theo th t trn thn in tr: Vch Th 1 Th 2 Th 3 Th 4 Th 5 Loi 4 vch S th nht S th hai S ch s 0 tip tho Sai s Loi 5 vch S th nht S th hai S th ba S ch s 0 tip tho Sai s

V d :Mu trn thn in tr theeo th t l: Nu en cam nh vng khi gi tr ca in tr l 10 000 ngha cc mu: en Nu Cam Vng 0 1 2 3 4 Xanh l cy Xanh ra tri Tm Xm Trng 5 6 7 8 9 Nh vng Nh bc Khng mu 5% 10% 20%
+

5%

II. T in.
Chc nng: lm nhim v lc cc sng a hi ghp trong cc mch dao ng. C hai loi t in K hiu: T phn cc dng trong mch xoay chiu v mt chiu

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T khng phn cc dung trong mch mt chiu n v : F ,MF ,PF ,NF. T giy : c trc tip tr s ghi trn v t T gm : c theo ch s ghi trn v t VD: 103 tng ng l 10.103 PF Cch kim tra t : thang o ca ng h thang o in tr sau t hai que ng h vo hai chn cu t nu thy kim ng h tr v o ri tng dn th tc l t cn tt . Cch cgi tr ca t :

III. Cun khng .

Chc nng: Hn ch dng ngn mch v s tng trng ca dng in C 3 loi cun khng Cun khng li khng kh Cun khng li t h Cun khng li t kn. K hiu chung: IV. i t Chc nng: l van dn in mt chiu Cc loai i t. i t n p (zener) dng trong mch n p i t thng:
A K A K

i t quang (led) dng lam n hin th Cch xc nh chn i t :

t thang o ca ng h thang in tr ri t 2 que ng h vo 2 chn ca i t nu kim ng h tr v gn gi tr 0 th que en l chn A chn cn li l chn K

Bo co thc tp

v t que ca ng h ngc li nu thy kim ng h khng dch chuyn th i t cn tt v nu kim ng h tr v gn gi tr 0 thi i t b hng . iu kin m ca i t l UAK >0. Ngc li th i t s kho .

V. Thyzitor. Chc nng : L van dn mt chiu c iu khin v thng dng trong mch chnh lu v nghch lu c iu khin . VD:
U2 Ud =const

Cu to gm 4 lp P_N_P_N ghp ni tip vi nhau v c 3 chn A,K,G A l chn vo ,K l chn ra . G l chn iu khin. K hiu :
G A K A
P N P N

K G

NEC

Cch xc nh chn ca Thyzitor :

t thang o ca ng h thang o in tr ri dng 2 que ca ng h t vo 2 chn bt k ca Thyzitor nu thy 2 chn c in tr nh th que l chn K cn que en la chn A chn cn li l chn G. Khi t 2 que vao 2 chn A v G nu thy in tr nh th Thyzitor b hng, hoc t que en vo chn A que vo chn K ri kch xung vo chn G neus Thyzitor m th Thyzitor vn cn tt v ngc li th Thyzitor b hng iu kin m Thyzitor l: UAK > 0 v IG > 0

Bo co thc tp

Sau khi Thyzitor m thi vic tn ti ca IG khng cn c gi tri, mun kho Thyzitor thi phi ngt UAK , tc l UAK <= 0. VI . Tranzitor. - C nhiu loi Tranzito, ph bin l Tranzito thun ( k hiu ch A) v Tranzito ngc ( k hiu ch C). - C 3 chn l: B, C v E. - Cch xc nh chn ca Tranzito: in hnh C828 v A564. t ng h thang o in tr, tin hnh o in tr cc chn, chn chung o c in tr nh l chn B. Nu chn chung l que ca ng h th l loi ngc C828. Nu chn chung l que en ca ng h th l loi thun A564.

N A564

P N

C828

Thun

Ngc

E B B

E C

t que o vo hai chn cn li v th tc ng nhiu vo chn B, khi c c nhiu tc ng ln nht, vi loi ngc que dng l C, que m l E,. Vi loi thun que dng la E, que m l C. VII . IC tuyn tnh .

Bo co thc tp

Chc nng : duy tr in p mt chiu n nh u ra. C hai ho IC n o thng gp l: H n p ngun dng 78xx. H n p ngun m 79xx. xx l in p mt chiu u ra.
1 2 3 1 2 3
2 IN 79XX 3 OUT 7912 7812

Cu trc chn : H 78: chn 1 (u vo), chn 2 (ni t), chn 3 (u ra).

1 GNT

H 79: chn 1 (ni t) , chn 2 (u vo) , chn 3 ( u ra).

1 IN 78XX 3 OUT

i vi IC h 78 v 79 th chn 1,2,3 theo th t t tri sang phi c nh du.

16 15 ...

2 GNT

i vi IC nhiu chn th th t chn m ngc chiu kim ng h, chn s 1

5 6 7 8 4 3 2 1

VIII . Triac .
VD:

1 2 3...........

Triac l mt linh kin in t thng dng trong mch iu p. 6 KV

B . Mt s mch in ng dng .
I .Mch n p 1 chiu

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Khi nim: L 1 mch to ra c in p u ra lun khng i hoc thay i trong gii hn cho php khi in p u vo thay i hoc ti thay i. Phn loi: c hai loi - Mch n p mt chiu kiu tham s - Mch n p kiu b:c hai loi: n p b tuyn tnh n p b kiu xung. 1.Mch n p mt chiu kiu tham s. I1 R I0 U1 Id

Nguyn l hot ng: Khi U1 c gi tr vt qu in p nh thng ca diot U1>U ngc. Dng I0 s i qua i t v ch v ngun diot c thng ngc. in p U2 lun mt gi tr xc nh khng vt qu gi tr in p nh thng ca diot zener Khi U1 thay i dng in I qua in tr R cng thay i tng ng. Do in p u ra U2 s gi khng i. Khi dng ti It tng th dng qua i t gim dng I1 lun lun khng i Nu U1 khng i th U2 cng khng i. u im ca mch n p loi ny l:s mch n gin, d lp t v gi thnh r.

Bo co thc tp

Nhc im: cht lng in khng tt, tin cy khng cao.

2.Mch n p kiu b.
a.B tuyn tnh song song. I1 R

D U2 D Ech

U1

Nguyn l hot ng: in p u ra U2 c so snh vi sut in ng chun Ech. . sai lch c a vo khi so snh Y v c khi ny khuych i sai lch . U2 - Ech = U ( U c a vo khi Y khuych i ) Tn hiu sai lch c a vo khi iu chnh D thay i dng Id Trong D l khi iu chnh, Ech l khi to sut in ng chun ,Y l khi so snh . b.B tuyn tnh ni tip. I1 R D U2 D Ech

U1

Trong D l khi iu chnh, Ech l khi to sut in ng chun ,Y l khi so snh . Nguyn l hot ng:

Bo co thc tp

Da trn s bin i in tr trong cha khi iu chnh D theo sai lch gia U2 v Ech. V mt l do no U1 thay i ko theo U2 thay i, qua mch so snh v qua b khuych i Y tn hiu sai lch s tc ng vo khi iu chnh D lm cho in tr trong ca khi iu chnh thay i theo hng in p iu chnh Udc tren khi s b li s thay i ca U1 lm in p u ra U2 tr li n nh. Mch n p mt chiu kiu b cho in p ra c cht lng cao hn, c th thay i in p u ra bng cch thay i Ech. Tuy nhin mch in n p kiu b li c mt nhc im ln l phi c bo v qu ti v ngn mch khi iu chnh D.

3.Bi tp ng dng.
a. Mch dao ng a hi ( to ra in p 12V)
7812 R1

+12(v)

220(V)

24(V)

C1 C1

C2 C2
7912

C3
R1

C3 -12(v)

Thng s ca cc phn t trong mch: Bin p 220/24 V. C1 =1000 F/50V (t mt chiu) C2=C3= 10nF( t xoay chiu) cu chnh lu loi 5A R=1K IC n p: 7812 v 7912 LED mu: xanh v Nguyn l hot ng:

Ban u khi cp ngun cho mch th c hai chn Tranzito T1, T2 u thng

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10

nhng do cu to ca cc n bn dn c cu to khng ging nhau, do s c 1 tranzito thng hn tranzito kia. Gi s ban u Tranzito T1 thng hn T2 th TC(T1)> IC(T2) v UCE(T1)<UCE(T2) UCE(T1) s gim dn thng qua t C1 , t vo cc bazo ca T2 lm cho in p ca UBE(T2) gim. Do dng IC(T2) gim, in th UC ca T2 tng ln thng qua C2 t vo cc bazo ca T1 lm cho UBE ca T1 tng dn n Ic ca T1 cng tng. Sau UC(T1) s gim, thng qua t C1 t vo cc baz ca T2 lm cho UBE ca T2 gim, Uc ca T2 tng thng qua C2 t vo cc baz ca T1 lm cho UBE ca T1 cng tng ln.Qu trnh ny xy ra nhanh nht v tin ti ch xc lp v n nh. T1 thng v T2 kho. Khi T1 dn hon ton th C2 c np v C1 phng. T C 2 np. Qu trnh np ca t C2 nh sau: t dng ngun qua RC2 n C2 n tip gip ca BE tr v m ngun. Qu trnh phng ca t C1 nh sau: t cc dng ngun ca T1 qua tip gip CE ca T1 tr v ngun ri qua RB2. i vi cc m ca t C1 to thnh 1 vng kn. Khi t C1 phng ht th UBE ca T2 bt u tng dn T2 thng, qu trnh np tng t.

b.Mch to xung vung.

Mch to xung vung dng Tranzito.

R1
C828

R2
C1

R3

R3
C2

R2
C828

R1

Thng s cc phn t trong mch:

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11

R=RC1=RC2=1k RB1=RB2=10K Tranzito C828 C1=C2=100 /50V Nguyn l hot ng: Gi thit khi ng ngun, c hai tranzito u thng nhng do cu to ca hai tranzito khng hon toan ging nhau nn c mt chic thng hn. - - Sau mt qu trnh qu xy ra gia cc cc ca hai tranzito, T1 thng v T2 kho. Khi T1 thng, t C2 dc np, t C1 phng in. T C2 c np theo ng t dng ngun +12VRC2 tip gip BE ca T1 t. T C1 phng in theo ng t cc dng tip gip CE ca T1Ri ca ngun RB2 v bn cc m. Khi t C1 phng ht, UBE(T2) tng dn v T2 dn. T1 kho. Qu trnh c lp i lp li nh trn Thi gian phng np ca t: phng= RC2 .C1=10.103.100.10-6=1(s) np =RC2 .C2 =103.100.10-6= 0,1(s) Chu k xung T=1,4 phng =1,4.RB2.C =1,4(s) Mch to xung vung dung IC555.

+
12(V)

1K
7 8 4

1K
IC 555 6 2

3 1 R

50 C=10M

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12

Chn 1:GND Chn 2 v 6: u vo so snh. Chn 3: u ra. Chn 4: reset. Nguyn l hot ng:

Chn 5: iu khin. Chn 7: Chn 8: ngun nui. FF: Flip-Flop.

Gi s ban u chn 3 ca IC c mc logic l ''1'' th tranzito b kho. Khi t C c np in qua in tr RA ,RB, khi in p ca t t gi tr bng 2/3 in p ca ngun th u ra ca b so snh cao hn c mc logic l ''0''. Do u ra ca SFFC c mc logic l ''1'' u chn 3 c mc logic''0''. Dn n tranzito T ngn mch. t in C thng qua RB, u ra ca IC 555 chuyn ln mc logic l ''1'' chuyn sang mc logic ''0''. Nu u vo b so snh lu hn, in p gim xung di mc 1/3 in p ngun th u ra ca n c mc logic l ''0''. trng thi ca khi SFFC lm cho u ra ca khi logic SFFC c mc logic ''0'' dn n tranzito T b kho u ra chn 3 IC 555 c mc logic ''1'' qu trnh c lp i lp li nh th to xung vung. t1 =0,685.( RA+ RB). C t = 0,685.RB.C Mch to ngun n p 12V c bo v. Thng s cc phn t trong mch: Cu chnh lu 1CL loi 5A 1 v 2 loi 1A C1 = 1000 /50V R1 = R2= R5= R6=1K hoc (2,2K) R4= 1K Ti1= Ti2=2P4M T3= C828 T2= A564 C3= 100 /50V C2= 4,7 /50v

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R0= 2

IC 7812 1 D
7812

R1 R1 24(v) AC

C3

Ti2

Ti1

C1

C2 2

R2

R3 R3 R4

R5 T2

R6

T1 R7=50

R3= 10K Nguyn l hot ng: Khi cp in cho my bin p th in p th cp ca bin p c chnh lu thnh in p mt chiu qua b chnh lu. Khi dng in s i qua R1 qua D1 np cho t C3 dn n Ti1 c m, a in p vo IC7812 s l in p n nh v n led xanh s sng bo hiu c ngun. iu kin lm vic bbnh thng led xanh sng, led khng sng dn n T3 v T2 khng hot ng. Khi gp s c ngn mch M c ng th dng in ti i qua 2 in tr snh R3, R4 dn n cc tranzito T2, T3 thng. Do s m Ti2 lc ny in p i t cu chnh lu qua R1 qua led qua T2 xung t. V vy, Ti1 b kho v thng qua dng in t ln IC7812. Khi Ti1 kho th led xanh tt ng thi led sng bo hiu l s c, n nt D mch li hot ng bnh thng.

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14

ng dng nhng mch trn lm mch in . cc bc lm mch nh sau . Dng bt vit knh v mch ln trn tm fit ng sau ngm vo dung dch FeCL3 cho tm ng b n mn ch cn li dng mch v , sau ty sch vt mc v nh giy giap ri m thic ln ng mch o ,v khoan chn linh kin v cui cng l cm kinh kin vo ri hn li . S mch in .

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15

Phn II

PLC
I. khi nim PLC . L mt thit b lp trnh c, n c thit k chuyn dng trong cng nghip iu khin n phc tp, tu vo ngi s dng m n c th thc hin hng lot cc qu trnh . II. c tnh. bn cao. Tnh chuyn nghip ho, thay i sa cha chng trnh ... Giao tip ngi v my n gin . N l thit b iu khin cu trc my tnh . u vo ,ra c tn hiu ho. Ngun B nh u ra

u vo

II.

V ch ca PLCtrong h thng .

H iu khin truyn thng. Khi u vo B iu khin Ro le Ro le thi gian B m u ra ng c Bng n My pht

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16

Ngy nay nh khoa hc pht trin th b iu khin thay bng b PLC v cu trc my tnh . H iu khin bng PLC . PLC v chng trnh . u im . Thi gian lp t ngn . D thay i khng gy nh hng n kinh t , c th hoch ton chnh xc c gi thnh . Cn t thi gian hun luyn . c ng dng trong phm vi rng . tin cy cao . C th chuyn ho dc phn cng . C th thch ng vi mi mi trng cng nghip . ng dng ca PLC. Trong cc nh my du kh, bnh ko, ru bia ... Trong cng nghip thc phm, ng gi sn phm. Chn la PLC. u vo, ra: S lng u vo ,ra tu thuc vo cng ngh ,chon PLC c s lng u vo ln hn s lng u vo yu cu. C hai loi u vo : +s +tng t . u ra : Chn PLC c s lng u ra ln hn cng ngh yu cu. +u ra tip im

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17

+u ra Tranzitor.

III . S lp gip PLC:

220V AC

N coM

00

01

02

03

04

05

1000

1002

1003

1004

220V AC

+ +

T chc b nh. B nh ca PLC chia lm hai phn: b nh chng trnh ( Program Memory) v b nh d liu ( Data Memory). Qun l b nh PLC do h iu hnh m nhim. ROM: b nh cng dng nh h iu hnh iu khin PLC do nh sn xut vit, c hai loi l: EPROM, EEPROM. RAM: b nh ng dng nh chng trnh ng dng c nui bng pin. B nh chng trnh:

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18

Ch lu gi mt chng trnh. Ngi s dng ch c th truy nhp vo b nh chng trnh t phn mm lp trnh chuyn dng v b nh ny do h iu hnh qun l. Ngi s dng truy nhp b nh chng trnh hai mc: Np chng trnh t b lp trnh vo PLC ( Dowload). Np chng trnh t PLC vo b lp trnh ( Upload). Ngi s dng c th vo v chng trnh trong b nh chng trnh nh password. B nh d liu: Ngi dng c th truy nhp b nh d liu nhiu mc khc nhau nh theo bit, byte, word, double c th thao tc ghi, c, xo v c th ch c. Chia lm cc vng, mi vng lu gi mt kiu d liu xc nh to thnh mt cu trc d liu ca mt h PLC c th. T chc b nh d liu: B nh d liu c chia lam cc vng, mi vng c mt tn ring lu gi mt kiu d liu xc nh. Ngi dng truy nhp ti cc vng d liu thng qua tn. Cc vng d liu: Vng nh u vo: l vng lu gi d liu c t cc module vo. Kch thc ca vng nh u vo quy nh s lng u vo cc i. Truy nhp dng bit, byte, word. Vng nh u ra: lu gi d liu c gi ra ti module u ra. Truy nhp dng bit, byte. word. Vng lu gi cc kt qu tnh ton:lu gi cc kt qu tnh ton trung gian hay cn gi l cc vng nh d liu bn trong. Truy nhp

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19

dng bit, byte, word. Vng nh duy tr: lu gi cc kt qu tnh ton, trng thi d liu cn c duy tr khhi mt ngun. Cc vng nh ph: gm vng nh m lu gi tm thi cc kt qu v vng nh phc v cho vic truyn thng. Vng ny c th truy nhp dng bit, byte, word. Vng nh c bit:gm cc vng nh c v vng nh cu hnh h thng. C vng nh c bit ch c th c, c vng nh c bit c th c, ghi.Truy nhp dng bit, byte, word. Vng nh d liu: dng lu gi d liu, lu gi liu trong qu trnh tnh ton, t cu hnh tnh ton. Vng nh ny ch c th truy cp dng byte, word. Vng lu gi d liu cc thit b ( Object). Cc thit b gm: B nh thi: Timer B m: Counter Cc modul vo ra: analog Cc modul vo ra c bit Cc thit b ngoi vi.

B lp trnh bng tay (console):

Cc phm chc nng: - Phm FUN: Dng gi cc hm, cc lnh c bit. VD: END= FUN01 END= FUN21 END =FUN64 - Phm LD: C chc nng nhp cc im ph vo chng trnh v cho ta

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20

ngha ca cc im phn nhnh. - Phm AND: C chc nng cho php cc im ph c ni vi nhau hnh thnh mt mch ni tip. - Phm OR: Cho php cc im c ni vo mch hnh thnh mt mch Ni song song. Phm OUT: Dng cho cc lnh u ra. Phm TIME: Dng iu khin thi gian. Phm COUNTER: (CNT) Dng iu khin b m Phm NOT: c kt hp vi OR, AND, LD to thnh cc im thng kn. Phm HR: Dng thit lp cc Rle lu tr hoc duy tr. Phm TR:Dng thit lp cc khi Rle trung gian. Phm SET: Dng ch th, vn hnh, b ghi dch. Phm SHIFT: Dng kt hp vi cc phm nhiu chc nng. Cc phm 0 n 9 : L cc phm s dng nhp a ch ca cc knh. Nhn dng b console:

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21

PR001
Programming console

OMRON

MONITOR RUN PROGRAM

FUN

SFT

MOT

SHIFT

AND

OR

CNT

TR

EM LR CH *DM CHG

AR HR CONT # SRCH

LD

OUT

TIM

EM DM EXT

E 4
B 1

F 5 C 2

SET

DEL

MONTR

D 3
CLR

RESET

INS

A 0

VER

WRITE

Cc bc lp trnh PLC:

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22

Tm hiu cng ngh Ch la PLC Lp lu thut ton thc hin cng ngh yu cu Chuyn t s mch logic sang gin thang Lp trnh bng thit b cm tay hoc my tnh Kim tra thc nghim Kt lun, hiu chnh nu sai th quay li t u Th nghim vi h thng thc v hon chnh ti liu Cc lnh c bn: LD: Bt u cho mt ng dn END: Dng ni tip cho hai u vo tr ln OR: Dng ni song song cc iu khim trong vng mt dy lnh NOT: o u vo thng dng tp lnh vo/ra kn. TIMER: m thi gian COUNTER: m cc s kin AND: Kt thc chng trinh(FUN 01) OR LD: Dng ni hai khi logic song song vi nhau AND LD: Dng ni hai khi ni tip vi nhau Cc lnh v hm chc nng: Timer ABC: Ch s (s th t ca Timer) c gi tr t 000 n 511. Sau du # l gi tr t : 0000 n 9999 vi n v 0,1 s. Timer s bt u m li t gi tr t khi iu kin vo ca n l ON v b xo tr v gi trt t khi iu kin vo lOFF. Nu iu kin vo vn l ON khi Timer m n 0 th bit ra ca Timer s l ON . Gi tr t v bt ra u Reset khi iu kin vo l OFF.

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23

Counter - c dng m cc s kin. - Counter s m gim dn t gi tr t khi u vo Reset l OFF v c xung vo CP chuyn t OFF sang ON.Bt ra ca Counter s l ON khiu vo Reset l On gi tr m ca Counter ngay lp tc c a v gi tr t v Counter s khng m nu Reset vn l ON.c bit ga tr m ca Counter khng b mt khi PLC b mt ngun. Ch : Khi s dng c Timer/Counter s th t ABC dng chung.Nu Timer dng th Counter thi v ngc li. KEEP(11) c dng duy tr trng thi ca mt bt, xc nh bng hai iu kin S v R(SET v RESET). Khi S chuyn t OFF sang ON u ra s c lp khi R chuyn t OFF sang On n s xo B ghi dch SFT(10) SFT ghi gi s liu m v y s liu t nh ny n nh k cn, hoc t knh ny n knh khc mi khi c mt xung CLOCK xut hin. DIFU(13),DIFD(14) Cc hm DIFU(13), DIFD(14) c dng bt cc sn ln v sn xung DIFD ca mt tn hiu vo v to ra mt bin trung gianc di ON bng mt vng qut. Lnh chuuyn s liu t mt knh ngun (hoc mt hng s n mt knh ch) Lnh so snh CMP(20) So snh s liu gia hai klnh hoc mt knh vi mt hng s kt qu iu khin ba tn hiu. B cng ADD(30) Cng s liu gia hai knh vi mt hng s kt qu cgo ra mt knh th ba.

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24

B tr SUB(31) Tr s liu gia hai knh hoc mt knh vi mt hng s kt qu cho ra mt knh th ba SHIFT SFT(10) Thanh ghi dch l mt hm c bit c iu khin bi ba tn hiu vo. I l u vo d liu. P l u vo nhp. R l u vo Reset. Khi R l OFF mi ln u vo P chuyn t OFF sang ON th iu kin I s c chuyn vo bt cui cng bn phi ca thanh ghi dch.Nu I l ON th bt 1 c chuyn vo nu I l OFF th bt o c chuyn vo . Cc bt con li c sang tri mt v tr v bt cui cng bn tri b mt. Thanh ghi dch c th ghp t nhiu thnah ghi trong cng mt min nh ca CPU di ti a ca thanh ghi dch l 192bt(tng ng vi 12 thanh ghi). VD: lp trnh n nhp nhy sng 1 giy v ti 1 giy dng b Timer. Gin thang . M lnh
TiM 01

a ch TIM 00 #010 TIM 00 TIM 01 #010 TIM 00 TIM 01 1000

write write write write write write write write write

TiM 00 #010

LD NOT TIM 01 OUT

TiM 00

TiM 01 #010

LD OUT
1000

TiM 00

TiM 01

LD
END

AND OUT END

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VD:lp trnh chng trnh ng gi sn phm . Nguyn l ; khi n start bng hp chy gp cm bin lm hp dng bng to chy m 10 qu th bng to dng bng hp chy . S thang : M lnh
000 001

a ch write 000 1003 write write write write write write write write write write write 1003 1003 1000 002 003 00 #10

1003
1003 1001 1000

LD LD OR LD

1003

AND NOT 001 OUT LD OUT

002 CNT 100 #10 003

AND NOT 1001

CNT 00 1003 1001 003

LD LD NOT
END

CNT LD

CNT00 write

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LD OR LD AND OUT END

003 1003 1001

write write write write write

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B ghi dch SFT(01): SFT ghi d s liu m v y d liu t nh ny sang nh k cn hoc knh ny sang knh khc .mi khi c mt xung CK. Gin thang:
000 SFT(10) 001 HR 00.01 002 HR00 02 HR 00.00 1000 HR 00.01 1001 HR 00.02 1002

M lnh a ch LD LD LD FUN HR00 LD OUT LD OUT END 1000 1001 000 001 002 01

write write write write write write

HR00.00 write write write write HR00.01 write

END

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Phn . III

Vi x l
A/ Gii thiu v h vi x l 8051 I.Cc c trng c bn ca h vi x l 8051 in hnh h vi x l 8051 l 89C51. - Vi iu khin 8051 c tch hp 128byte Internal RAM c hai Time v Counter, 1 cng ni tip v 4 cn song song v 5 ngun ngt - Ngoi ra 8051 cn c mt mng cc thanh ghi c bit dng iu khin cc tnh nng con chp v x l d liu. - Mt s vi iu khin trong h 8051 c tch hp ROM trong(4KB) lm b nh chng trnh II.Cu hnh chn

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39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 19 18 33 31 9

P0.0/AD0 P0.1/AD1 P0.2/AD2 P0.3/AD3 P0.4/AD4 P0.5/AD5 P0.6/AD6 P0.7/AD7 P1.0/T2 P1.1/T2EX P1.2 P1.3 P1.4 P1.5 P1.6 P1.7 XTAL1 XTAL2 EA/VPP RST

P2.0/A8 P2.1/A9 P2.2/A10 P2.3/A11 P2.4/A12 P2.5/A13 P2.6/A14 P2.7/A15 P3.0/RXD P3.1/TXD P3.2/INT0 P3.3/INT1 P3.4/T0 P3.5/T1 P3.6/WR P3.7/RD

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

33 11.0259M

ALE/PROG PSEN

30 29

AT39C51

III.Cc cng vo ra - Vi mch 8051 chun c 4 cng vo ra song song(P0 ,P1 ,P2 ,P3) 8 bt. Mi cng c mt thanh ghi cht c m vo v m ra. +Cng P0 (chn s 32 ti chn s 39) Gi 8bt phn thp ca bus a ch v 8 bt gi liu. +Cng P1 (chn s 1 ti chn s 8 ) Ch n thun ng vai tr l cng vo ra +Cng P2 (chn s 21 ti chn s 28 ) Gi 8 bt phn cao ca bt a ch trng hp khng dng ht c 8 bt ca cng P2 th cc bt cn li vn c th dng nh cc cng vo ra hai chiu. +Cng P3 (t chn s 10 n chn s 17) :L cng a nng Mi bt ng vi mi chn ca cc cng, c mt mch lt D lm mch

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cht. Khi c cng hoc mc tn hiu ti cng c t ln Bus trong hoc tn hiu ti u ra ca mch lt c t trong Bus trong. Tu theo cc lnh CPU s to tn hiu c ti cht hoc l c ti chn - Cng o v 2 ngoi chc nng vo ra cn c chc nng th 2 l to thnh h thng Bus a ch v d liu truy cp b nh ngoi. - Cc cng 0 v 2 c chuyn t ch vo ra sang ch a ch d liu bng tn hiu iu khin bn trong khi vi diu khin truy cp b nh ngoi. Cc cng 1, 2, 3 c in tr treo trong ring cng 0 khng c in tr treo trong. - Khi s dng nhn tn hiu vo tt c cc cht phi c t mc logic 1 tt Transistor FET li u ra.Khi cc thit b bn ngoi s iu khin mc in p ti chn ngoi ca vi iu khin to tn hiu vo. - trng thi khi ng c 4 thanh ghi cht ca 4 cng song song u t ng lp mc logic 1. Nh vy c 4 cng c t sn ch cng vo. IV.B nh chng trnh trong/ngoi: - i vi cc vi iu khin 8051 c ROM trong chng trnh c th np vo ROM trong hoc hon ton s dng ROM ngoi. - Nu chn EA: External Access(truy cp ngoi) c ni vi ngun tc l mc cao th vng a ch t 0000H n OFFFH (4K) ca b nh chng trnh s thuc vng ROM trong phn cn li s nhn t ROM ngoi hay b nh ngoi. - Trng hp chn EA ni t tc l mc thp th b nh chng trnh hon ton s dng ROM ngoi . Nh vy trong trng hp dng 8051 c b nh ROM trong v chng trnh ng dng c di nh hn dung lng ca ROM trong th ch cn dng phn ROM trong lm

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b nh chng trnh m khng cn s dng thm vi mch ROM ngoi. - Trng hp chng trnh ln hn dung lng ROM trong th c th dng c ROM trong ln ROM ngoi hoc hon ton dng ROM ngoi lm b nh chng trnh. V.Lp trnh cho ngt - Mun lp trnh cho ngt th trc tin phi tc ng thanh ghi IE (Interub Enable) thanh ghi iu khin mi hot ng v ngt ca 89C51. Thanh ghi ny c th truy nhp ti tng bt ring r. E A Trong : EA ET2 ES ET1 ET0 _ ET
2

ES ET
1

EX
1

EX
0

ET
0

Cho php ngt Ngt cho Timer 2 Ngt ni tip Ngt cho Timer 1 Ngt cho Timer 0

EX1 v EX0 Ngt ngoi 1 v 0 - Hai bt EX0 v EX1 nhn gi tr t hai chn /INT0 v /INT1. - Mun thc hin lp trnh iu khin ngt ngoi, gi s mun ngoi o, phi cho EA=1 v EX0=1. Nu dng c hai ngt th phi cho c EX1=1. Tuy nhin, trong mt s trng hp iu khin quan trng, khi dng hai ngt th phi xc nh mc u tin cho hai ngt . Mun vy, phi tc ng vo thanh ghi IP(Interub Priority). Thanh ghi ny cng c th truy cp theo bt. _ _ PT
2

PS PT
1

PX
1

PT
0

PX
0

- ngha cc bt tung t nh thanh ghi IE. Tuy nhin , quyn u tin c phn ra hai mc 1 l mc u tin cao, 0 l mc u tin thp. N

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Gi s, cho ngt ngoi 0 c mc u tin cao hn ngt ngoi 1, phi cho PX0=1, PX1=0. Sau khi thit lp quyn u tin ca hai ngt, nu vi iu khin ang hot ng theo chng trnh bnh thng , khi c INT1 tc ng, vi iu khin s dng chng trnh ang thc hin m s nhy vo thc hin chng trnh tng ng vi ngt ngoi 1 c lp trnh. - Khi ang c INT1 m li c INT0 th vi iu khin s thc hin chng trnh tng ng vi INT0 c lp trnh. Lc ny ngt ngoi 1 khng con tc dng. VI. Lp trnh cho Timer/Counter. - 89C51 c hai b timer/Counter 16 bt. Bnh thng, hai b ny s hot ng ch Timer. Timer 0 TL0 Timer 1 TL1 TH1 TH0

- Tuy nhin, ngi s dng c th hon ton thay i ch hot ng ca hai b ny bt k khi no cn thit bng cch thit lp thanh ghi TMOD. Gat C/ M
1

M
0

Gat e

C/

M
0

e T Timer 1

T Timer 0 1

- C/T l tn hiu iu khin ch ca b Timer/ Cuonter. Nu l 1 th s l Counter. Nu l 0 th s l Timer ly xung ca h thng a vo. - Hai u vo T0 v T1 dng a d liu vo Timer/ Counter. - Hai bt M1 v M0 dng xc nh ch hot ng ca Timer/ Counter.

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M1 0 0 1 1

M0 0 1 0 1 Ch m 13 bit ( dng 5 bit u ca TL v 8 bit ca TH). Ch m 16 bit ( dng ton b 8 bit cua TL v TH). Ch t np li 8 bit ( ng dng to xung hay tc baud cho giao tip ni tip). Ch chia s, va l Timer va la Counter.

- Nh vy, gi s mun dng b m 16 bit th gi tr ca thanh ghi s l: 01010101 hay 0x55. - Ngoi ra, iu khin Timer/ Counter cn tc ng vo thanh ghi TCON. TF
1

TR
1

TF
0

TR0 IE1 IT
1

IE
0

IT
0

- TR1 v TR0 khi c php Timer/ Counter tng ng hot ng, khi c gi tr 0 th dng Timer tng ng.

gi tr 1 th cho

- TF1 v TF0 lp c khi Timer/ Counter vt qua mt gi tr no do ngi lp trnh quy nh hoc qu 216. Gi tr ca hai bit ny ch c th a v 0 bng phn mm. C th ngt bng phn mm hay phn cng. IE va IT iu khin ngt ngoi theo sn. B/ Mt s chng trnh v d. I. Thit b cn s dng: - Vi iu khin 89C51. - Tinh th thch anh f= 1,0592 MHz. - T in, in tr, dy dn. - n led mu.

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- Nt n. II. Thc hnh. 1/ Thit k b Counter ( b m). a/ M t hot ng: C O R COUNTER

Khi tn hiu u vo C thay i trng thi t 1sang 0 th ni dung b m thay i, khi bng lng t th tc ng u ra O( out) . Chn R ( reset) xo b m v gi tr ban u. b/ Thc hin: Sau y l mt phng n: - Dng Timer 0 ca 89C51 hot ng ch Counter. u vo l chn T0 ( chn 14). - u reset l chn INTO. - u ra O l chn P2.0 ( chn 21). - Ngoi ra, dng chn P1 th hin ni dung b m. */ S mch cng:

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VCC

VCC

560

560

560

560

560

560

560

560

560
39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 P0.0/AD0 P0.1/AD1 P0.2/AD2 P0.3/AD3 P0.4/AD4 P0.5/AD5 P0.6/AD6 P0.7/AD7 P1.0 P1.1 P1.2 P1.3 P1.4 P1.5 P1.6 P1.7 XTAL1 XTAL2 EA/VPP GND RST P2.0/A8 P2.1/A9 P2.2/A10 P2.3/A11 P2.4/A12 P2.5/A13 P2.6/A14 P2.7/A15 P3.0/RXD P3.1/TXD P3.2/INT0 P3.3/INT1 P3.4/T0 P3.5/T1 P3.6/WR P3.7/RD ALE/PROG PSEN 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 30 29

12MHZ VCC 33P 33P VCC 31 9

AT89C51
2

VCC

RST
1

10uF
1 COUNT 2

5K

1K

VCC

10K
1 2

5K

RESET

*/ Chng trnh ngun vit bng ngn ng C ( s dng phn mm Keil). #include <AT89x51.h> void delay(int); void main(void)

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TMOD = 0x55; TCON = 0x50; TH0 = 0x00; TL0 = 0x00; P1 = 0; B = TH0; While(1) {

//01010101; bo dinh thoi,1-che do 1:Bo dem 16 bit //#01010000 ; TRO =1

//Bat cac den

delay(1000); if(B! = TL0) { } while(TL0>40) P2_0=0; } P1 = TL0; B = TL0;

} void delay(int u) { int j; for(j=0;j<u;j++); { } void Resset() interrupt { TL0 = 0; TH0 = 0; B = 0; P1 = 1; IE0_VECTOR

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} 2/B r le thi gian. a/ M t hot ng: - Khi u vo S(Set) tc ng th sau mt khong thi gian T t trc th tn hiu u ra O mi tc ng. - u vo R(Reset) xo trng thi u ra O(OUT). b/Thc hin: Sau y l mt phng n: - u vo S l chn INT0. - u Reset l chn Reset(chn 9). - u ra O l chn P2.0(chn 21). */ S mch:

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VCC

560

560

560

560

560

560

560

560

560
39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 P0.0/AD0 P0.1/AD1 P0.2/AD2 P0.3/AD3 P0.4/AD4 P0.5/AD5 P0.6/AD6 P0.7/AD7 P1.0 P1.1 P1.2 P1.3 P1.4 P1.5 P1.6 P1.7 XTAL1 XTAL2 EA/VPP GND RST P2.0/A8 P2.1/A9 P2.2/A10 P2.3/A11 P2.4/A12 P2.5/A13 P2.6/A14 P2.7/A15 P3.0/RXD P3.1/TXD P3.2/INT0 P3.3/INT1 P3.4/T0 P3.5/T1 P3.6/WR P3.7/RD ALE/PROG PSEN 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 30 29

VCC

12MHZ VCC 33P 33P VCC 31 9

AT89C51
2

VCC

RST
1

10uF
1 COUNT 2

5K

1K

VCC

10K
1 2

5K

RESET

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*/ Chng trnh ngun: #include <intris.h> #include <AT89x51.h> #define BYTE unsigned char #define NLOOP //#define NLOOP void Delay1ms(void); void Delay1s(); void Delay10s(); void Delay1p(); void main(); { EX0 = 1; EA = 1; PX = 0; IT = 1; P2_0 = 1; While(1) { P1 = 0x55; Delay1s(); P1 = 0xAA; Delay1s(); } } ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //function Delay1ms //enable INT0 //enable global interrupt //set lower priority (248-18) (248-7) //Crystal = 11.059.200 Hz //Crystal - 12.000.000 Hz

void Delay(unsigned int mMilises);

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void Delay1ms(void) { unsigned char cLoop; for(cLoop=0; cloop<(BYTE)NLOOP; cLoop++)_nop_(); _nop_(); _nop_(); _nop_(); _nop_(); } //function Delay(UINT idata n Milisec) void Delay(unsigned int mMilisec) { unsigned int nLoop; for(nLoop=0; nLoop<0; nLoop++ ) Delay1s(); } void Delay1s() { } void Delay10s() { unsigned int n Loop; for(nLoop=0; nLoop<10; nLoop++) Delay1s(); } void Delay1p() { unsigned int n Loop; for(nLoop=0; nLoop<59; nLoop++) Delay1s(); Delay(981); //hieu chinh thoi gian //hieu chinh thoi gian

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for(nLoop=0; nLoop<830; nLoop++) Delay1ms(); } //Vector ngat ngoai 0: void m_INT0() interrupt IE0_VECTOR { P2_0 = 0; Delay1p(); P2_0 = 1; } 3/Thanh ghi dch. a/ M t hot ng: - u vo d liu D ( Data). D C - u vo xung C ( Clock). R - u xo R ( Reset). //tat den //bat den trong 1 phut

D7

D6

D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0

Da ta

- Khi c u vo xung C th bit Data c a vo thanh ghi: b/ Thc hin: - Ly thanh ghi P1 ( Cng P1) lm thanh ghi dch. Trng thi thanh ghi dch c a vo n LED. - S dng u vo ngt 0 lm u Clock, u vo ngt 1 lm u Reset. u Data l chn P2.0( chn 21). */ Chng trnh ngun: #include<AT89X51.h> void SUON(); void RESET();

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void main() { EX0 = 1; EX1 = 1; EA = 1; PX0 = 0; PX1 = 1; IT0 = 1; IT1 = 1; P1 = 0x55; While(1); } void SUON () interrupt IE0_VECTOR { P1_7 = P1_6; P1_6 = P1_5; P1_5 = P1_4; P1_4 = P1_3; P1_3 = P1_2; P1_2 = P1_1; P1_1 = P1_0; P1_0 = P1_0; } void RESET() interrupt IE1_ VECTOR { } P1 = 0; //init for P1 //loop forever /* 1 = Enable External interrupt 0 */ /* 1 = Enable External interrupt 1 */ //enable global interrupt

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