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MODUL 11
X. DERET MACLAURIN, BINOMIAL, TAYLOR
10.1. Deret Maclaurin
Misalkan f(x) = a + bx + cx2 + dx3 + ex4 + fx5 + ........
Masukkan x = 0, maka f(0) = a + 0 + 0 + 0 + ........... a = f(0)
Diferensialkan: f '(x) = b + c.2x + d.3x2 + e.4x3 + f.5x4 + ..........
Masukkan x = 0, maka f' (0) = b + 0 + 0 + ...........+....b = f' (0)
Diferensialkan: f ''(x) = c.2.1 + d.3.2x + e.4.3x2 + f.5.4x3 + .........
Masukkan x = 0, maka f(0) = c.2! + 0 + 0 + ...............c =
f (0)
2!
f (0)
3!
f (0) 2 f (0) 3
f ( n ) (0) n
x +
x + .....+
x + ......
2!
3!
n!
Contoh:
1. Perderetkan f(x) = ex dalam deret Maclaurin.
Jawab:
f(x) = f'(x) = f''(x) = f'''(x) = ....... = f(n)(x) = ex
f(0) = f'(0) = f''(0) = f'''(0) = ...... = f(n)(0) = 1
........................................................................
Maka ex = 1 + x +
x2
x3
+
+ .....
2!
3!
f'(0) = 1
f''(x) = -sin x
f''(0) = 0
f'''(x) = -cos x
f'''(0) = -1
f'(iv)(x) = sin x
f'(iv)(0) = 0
f(v)(x) = cos x
f(v)(0) = 1
..................................................
Maka sin x = x -
x3
x5
+
.....
3!
5!
f'(0) = 0
f''(x) = -cos x
f''(0) = -1
f'''(x) = sin x
f'''(0) = 0
f'(iv)(x) = cos x
f'(iv)(0) = 1
f(v)(x) = - sin x
f(v)(0) = 0
..................................................
Maka cos x = 1 -
x2
x4
+
- .....
2!
4!
f'(0) = 1
f''(x) = -(1+x)-2
f''(0) = -1 = 1 !
f'''(x) = 2(1+x)-3
f'''(0) = 2 = 2 !
f'(iv)(x) =-6(1+x)-4
f'(iv)(0) = - 3 = - 3!
f(v)(x) = 24(1+x)-5
f(v)(0) = 24 = 4!
..................................................
Maka ln (1 + x) = x -
x2
x3
x4
x5
+
+
- ...............
2
3
4
5
Rangkuman
1. ex
=1+x+
2. sin x = x -
x2
x3
+
+ ...............
2!
3!
x3
x5 x 7 x 9
+
+
5! 7!
3!
9!
3. cos x = 1 -
-<x<
..........
-<x<
x2
x6 x8
x4
+
+
..........
4!
2!
6!
8!
-<x<
x2
x3
x4
+
+ ...........
2
3
4
4. ln (1+x) = x -
-1<x1
5. tan x
=x+
6. cot x
= 1/x -
7. sinh x = x +
8. cosh x = 1+
x x 3 2x 5
+ .......................
3 45 945
x3 x5 x7
+
+
..
3!
5!
7!
........
x2
x4 x6 x8
+
+
+
....................
4!
2!
6!
8!
| x | < /2
0<|x|<
-<x<
-<x<
f'(0) = n
f''(x) = n(n-1)(1+x)n-2
f''(0) = n(n-1)
f'''(x) = n(n-1)(n-2)(1+x)n-3
f'''(0) = n(n-1)(n-2)
n ( n 1) 2 n (n 1)( n 2) 3
x +
x + ....
2!
3!
-1<x<1
n ( n 1) 2 n (n 1)( n 2) 3
x x + ....
2!
3!
-1<x<1
9.
1
1 x
10.
1
1+x
11.
1
= 1 - 2x + 3x2 - 4x3 + 5x4 - ........... - 1 < x < 1
(1 + x ) 2
12.
1
= 1 - 3x + 6x2 - 10x3 + 15x4 - ....... - 1 < x < 1
(1 + x ) 3
13.
1
1
1.3 2
1.3
x+
x x3 + .......
1/ 2 = 1 (1 + x )
2
2.4
2.4.6
-1<x<1
14.
1
1
1.4 2 1.4.7 3
=1x+
x x + .......
(1 + x ) 1 / 3
3
3.6
3.6.9
-1<x<1
15. (1 + x)1/2 = 1 +
1
1 2 1.3.5 3
xx x + ......
2
2.4
2.4.6
-1<x<1
16. (1 + x)1/3 = 1 +
1
2 2
2.5 3
xx x + .......
3
3 .6
3.6.9
-1<x<1
17. arcsin x = x -
|x|<1
1 3 1.3
xx5 + ..).. |x|<1
2.3
2.4.5
x3
x5
x7
+
...............
3
5
7
19. arctan x = x -
21. a = e
xlna
x2 x3
+ ...............
2!
3!
-<x<
( x ln a ) 2
( x ln a ) 3
= 1 + x ln a +
+
+ ..... -<x<
2!
3!
22. e sin x = 1 + x +
x2
x4
x5
...........
2
4
15
23. ex ln(1+x) = (1 x+
-<x<
x2
x3
x2 x3 x4
+
+ ..)(x+
+..)
2!
3!
2
3
4
x2
x3
x4
+
+
+ ......
2
3
4
koefisien : (1 5 10 10 5 1)
f (0) 2 f (0) 3
x +
x + .....
2!
3!
y=f(x)
P
f(h)
f(a)
x
h
f (0) 2 f (0) 3
h +
h + .....
2!
3!
menjadi y = F(x+a)
f(a)
f(a+h)
h
sekarang menjadi f(a).
Di titik P: F(a+h) = F(a) + F '(a) h +
F' ' (a ) 2
F' ' ' (a ) 3
h +
h + .....
2!
3!
x 1
2x +1
g). sin x
e 2x
3x + 2
h). cos x
5. Buktikan jabaran
cos x
x2 x3
13 x 4
=1x+
+
- ........
1+x
2
2
24
6. Tunjukkan
1
sin 2 x x 2 cos x
x2
=
+
(sebagai pendekatan)
6
360
x4
7. Buktikanlah bahwa:
a).
x
x2
x4
x
=
1
+
+ ....
2
e x 1
12
720
b).
x
x2
x4
x
=
+
+ ....
2
e x +1
4
48