M CM & QUY TC NI VN

I. m cm : Vic pht m chun cc t cha m cm cng nh s dng ng mo t a, an, the... gy khng t kh khn cho nhng ngi hc ting Anh. Sau y mnh gii thiu mt s m cm thng gp: m B cm: m B l mt m cm khi n ng cui t v ng trc n l m M. Ex: climb [klaim] crumb [krm] dumb [dm] comb [koum]

m C cm: m C l mt m cm trong cm "scle" cui t. Ex: muscle ['msl] m D cm: m D l mt m cm khi n ng lin vi m N. Ex: handkerchief ['hktif] sandwich ['snwid] Wednesday ['wenzdi] m E cm: m E l mt m cm khi ng cui t v thng ko di nguyn m ng trc . Ex: hope [houp] drive [draiv] write [rait] site [sait] m G cm: m G l mt m cm khi ng trc m N. Ex: champagne [m'pein] foreign ['frin] sign [sain] feign [fein] m GH cm: m GH l mt m cm khi ng trc m T hoc ng cui t. Ex:

 thought [:t] through [u:] daughter ['d:t] light [lait] might [mait] right [rait] fight [fait] weigh [wei] m H cm: m H l mt m cm khi ng sau m W. Ex: what [wt] when [wen] where [we] whether ['we] why [wai] Mt s t bt u bng m H cm s c dng vi mo t an. Ex: hour ['au] honest ['nist] honor ['n] heir [e] Nhng t cn li vn c dng vi mo t a. Ex: hill [hil] history ['histri] height [hait] happy ['hpi] m K cm: m K l mt m cm khi ng trc m N u cc t nh: knife [naif] knee [ni:] know [nou] knock [nk] knowledge ['nlid] m L cm: m L l mt m cm khi ng trc cc m D, F, M, K. Ex: calm [ka:m] half [ha:f] salmon ['smn] talk [t:k] balk [t:k] would [wud] should [ud] m N cm: m N l mt m cm nu ng cui t v trc l mt m M. Ex: autumn [':tm] hymn [him] m P cm: m P l mt m cm khi ng trong cc tin t "psych" and "pneu". Ex: psychiatrist [sai'kaitrist] pneumonia [nju:'mouni] psychotherapy ['saikou'erpi]

 pneuma ['nju:m] m S cm: m S l mt m cm khi ng trc m L nh trong cc t sau: island ['ailnd] isle [ail] m T cm: m T l mt m cm nu ng sau m S, F, hay ng trc m L. Ex: castle ['k:sl] Christmas ['krisms] fasten ['f:sn] listen ['lisn] often ['fn] whistle ['wisl] m U cm: m U l mt m cm nu ng sau m G v ng trc mt nguyn m. Ex: guess [ges] guidance ['gaidns] guitar [gi't:] guest [gest] m W cm: m W l m cm nu ng u tin ca mt t v lin sau l m R. Ex: wrap [rp] write [rait] wrong [r] m W cn l m cm trong 3 i t hi sau y: who [hu:] whose [hu:z] whom [hu:m]

II. Quy tc ni vn : 1. Ph m ng trc nguyn m V nguyn tc, khi c mt ph m ng trc mt nguyn m, c ni ph m vi nguyn m. V d mark up, bn c lin ch khng tch ri 2 t (/ma:k kp/). Tuy nhin, iu ny khng phi d, nht l i vi nhng t tn cng bng nguyn m khng c pht m, v d: leave (it) c l /li:v vit/; Middle (East), /midl li:st/, Hoc i vi nhng cm t vit tt, v d LA (Los Angeles) phi c l /el lei/; MA (Master of Arts), /em mei/ Lu : khi mt ph m c gi ng trc nguyn m, trc khi bn ni vi nguyn m, bn phi chuyn ph m sang ph m khng gi tng ng. V d laugh c pht m l /f/ tn cng, nhng nu bn dng trong mt cm t, v d laugh at someone, bn phi chuyn m /f/ thnh /v/ v c l /la:v vt/. 2. Nguyn m ng trc nguyn m iu ny c th rt mi m vi nhiu ngi. V nguyn tc, bn s thm mt ph m vo gia 2 nguyn m ni. C 2 quy tc thm ph m nh sau: - i vi nguyn m trn mi (khi pht m, mi bn nhn ging hnh ch O, v d: OU, U, AU, bn

cn thm ph m W vo gia. V d do it s c c l /du: wit/. - i vi nguyn m di mi (khi pht m, mi bn ko di sang 2 bn) v d: E, I, EI, bn thm ph m Y vo gia. V d: "I ask s c c l /ai ya:sk/. Bn th p dng 2 quy tc ny pht m: USA /ju wes sei/, VOA /vi you wei/, XO /eks sou/, 3. Ph m ng trc ph m V nguyn tc, khi c 2 hay nhiu hn ph m cng nhm ng gn nhau, th ch c 1 ph m m thi. V d want to (bao gm 3 ph m N, T, T cng nhm sau rng ng gn nhau) s c c l /won n/. 4. Cc trng hp c bit - Ch U hoc Y, ng sau ch ci T, phi c pht m l /ch/, vd: not yet /not chet/; picture /pikch/. - Ch ci U hoc Y, ng sau ch ci D, phi c pht m l /dj/, vd: education /edju:kein/. - Ph m T, nm gia 2 nguyn m v khng l trng m, phi c pht m l /D/, vd. trong t tomato /toumeidou/; trong cu I go to school /ai gou d sku:l/. III. Nut vn Ting Anh qu l mt kho tng kh phong ph v th v? C rt nhiu yu t to nn tnh c trng cho ngn ng ph bin ny v nut m (Elision) chnh mt trong nhng yu t to ra s khc bit ca ngn ng m Global Education gii thiu vi cc bn trong bi luyn ni ngy hm nay. Nut m l s lc b i mt hoc nhiu m (c th l nguyn m, ph m hoc c m tit) trong mt t hoc mt cm t khin cho ngi ni pht m d dng hn. Hnh ng nut m thng xy ra t nhin khng ch nh nhng cng c th c s cn nhc Khi c hai hay nhiu ph m i vi nhau, s xut hin khuynh hng nut m khi c. C nhng trng hp s nut m s ko theo m tit trong t s b gim.

Ch : Trong ting Anh, c mt s m thng c lc b: - Ph m v trong of khi n ng trc ph m. o V d: lots of them / lts v m / => / lts m / - Nhng m yu sau p, t, k (thng l m ). o Potato / p'teit / => / p'teit / o Tomato / t'm:t / => / t'm:t / o Canary / k'neri / => /k'neri / - Ph m gia trong nhm ph m thc tp o Looked back / lktbk / => / lkbk /

o Acts / kts / => / ks /