Animal Lab Luis Rodrigo Bonilla Medical Biology 12.4, Feb. 9 2011 Objectives 1.

Describe the distinguishing characteristics of the animal kingdom and their evolutionary advances 2. Identify representatives of the groups 3. Learn and practice the 3 rules of the binomial nomenclature

Materials - Preserved animals of the kingdom Animalia - Paper - Pen or pencil - Different sources of information Background Information

Kingdom Animalia 1. Invertebrates: do not present a back bone

Phyllum Phyllum Phyllum Phyllum Phyllum worms) Phyllum Phyllum Phyllum

Porfera Coelenterata (Cyndaria) Echinodermata Plathelmintes (flat worms) Nemathelmintes or Ascalminthes (Nematodes, round Mollusca Annelida (segmented worms) Arthropoda present a back bone

2. Vertebrates:

Phyllum -

Chordata (spinal cord) Class Agnatha (jawless fish) Class Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish) Class Anphibia Class Reptilia Class Aves Class Mammalia Procedure and observations

1. Find the preserved animals that are in each of the stations. Each group will have to change constantly stations. No more than 7 minutes in each station to complete the work.

2.

For each animal in the station, do the following: a) b) c) d) e) Draw the specimen State the kingdom that it belongs to State the phylum of classification State the class where it belongs (if applicable) State the principal physical characteristics that make the specimen be classified in that specific phylum and / or class. f) State the way of feeding. g) State the way of reproduction. (sexual, asexual, by spores, oviparous, viviparous, etc). h) Find out the scientific name of each specimen

Shark

Analysis and Results

Kingdom: Animalia Phyllum: Chordata Class: Chondrichthyes

Characteristic: cartilaginous fish Feeding: Heterotroph Reproduction: Sexual/ Viviparous Scientific name: Carcharodon carcharias

Horseshoe Crab Kingdom: Animalia Phyllum: Anthropoda Class: Merostomata Articulated Legs

Characteristic:

Feeding: Heterotroph Reproduction: Sexual/ External

Scientific name: Tachypleus gigas

Mouse Kingdom: Animalia Phyllum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Characteristic: has fur Feeding: Heterotroph Reproduction: Sexual/ Viviparous

Scientific name: Mus musculus

Scorpion Kingdom: Animalia Phyllum: Antropoda Class: Arachnida Characteristic: Articulated legs Feeding: Heterotroph

Reproduction: Sexual/ viviparous Scientific name: Euscorpius carpathicus

Sea Anemone Kingdom: Animalia Phyllum: Cyndaria Class: Anthozoa Characteristic: Cylindrical Symmetry Feeding: Heterotroph Reproduction: Sexual/external fertilization- Asexual/Binary fission Scientific name: Cribrinopsis fernaldi

Nereis Kingdom: Animalia Phyllum: Annelida Class: Polychaeta Characteristic: Segmented Worms Feeding: Heterotroph Reproduction: Sexual/external reproduction Scientific name: Eunereis longissima

Sheeptape Worm Kingdom; Animalia Phyllum: Plathelmintes Class: Cestoda Characteristic: Flat worms Feeding: Heterotroph Reproduction:

Green Parrot

Kingdom: Animalia Phyllum: Chordata Class: Aves Characteristic: feathers Feeding: Heterotroph Reproduction: Sexual/ Oviparous Scientific name: Amazona viridigenalis

Sheep Liver Fluke Kingdom: Animalia Phyllum: Platelmintes Class: Trematoda Characteristic: Flat worms Feeding: Heterotroph Reproduction: Asexual Scientific name: Fasciola heptica

Starfish Kingdom: Animalia Phyllum: Echinodermata Class: Asteroidea Characteristic: Bilateral Symmetry Feeding: Heterotroph Reproduction: Sexual/ External fertilization Scientific name: Protoreaster linckii

Perch

Kingdom: Animalia Phyllum: Chordata Class: Agnatha Characteristic: jawless fish Feeding: Heterotroph Reproduction: Sexual/ External fertilization Scientific name: Perca flavescens

Chiton Kingdom: Animalia Phyllum: Mollusca Class: Polyplacophora Characteristic: tentacles, radial symmetry Feeding: Heterotroph Reproduction: Sexual/External reproduction Scientific name: Tonicella lineate Centipede Kingdom: Animalia Phyllum: Antropoda Class: Chilopoda Characteristic: Articulated legs Feeding: Heterotroph Reproduction: Sexual/ Oviparous Scientific name: Scutigera coleoptrata

Butterfly Kingdom: Animalia Phyllum: Antropoda Class: Insecta

Characteristic: Articulated legs Feeding: Heterotroph Reproduction: Sexual/ External Fertilization Scientific name: Danaus plexippus

Guinea pig Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Characteristic: Fur Feeding: Heterotroph Reproduction: sexual/Viviparous Scientific name: Cavia porcellus

Fan coral Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Cyndaria Class: Anthozoa Characteristic: radial symmetry Feeding: Heterotroph Reproduction: Sexual/External Fertilization

Scientific name: Gorgonia spp.

Cray Fish Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Antropoda Class: Malacostraca Characteristic: Articulated Legs Feeding: Heterotroph

Reproduction: Sexual/External fertilization Scientific name: Paranephrops planifrons

Grass Frog Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Anphibia Characteristic: Feeding: Heterotroph Reproduction: Sexual/ External Reproduction Scientific name: Litoria raniformis

Clam Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Mollusca Class: Pelencypoda Characteristic: radical symmetry Feeding: Heterotroph

Reproduction: Sexual/External Fertilization Scientific name: Corbicula fluminea

Earthworm Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Annelida Class: Clitellata Characteristic: Segmented worms Feeding: Heterotroph Reproduction: Sexual/Hermaphrodite Scientific name: Lumbricus terrestris

Aurelia Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Cyndaria Class: Scyphozoa Characteristic: Radial Symmetry Feeding: Heterotroph Reproduction: Sexual/External fertilization Scientific Name: Aurelia aurita

Grasshopper Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Antropoda

Class: Insecta Characteristic: Articulated legs Feeding: Heterotroph Reproduction: Sexual/Oviparous Scientific name: Macrotona australis

Commercial sponge Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Porifera Class: Hexactinellida Characteristic: feed through pores on their outer walls Feeding: Heterotroph Reproduction: Asexual/Fragmentation Scientific name: Cleona celata

Sea Cucumber Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Echinodermata Class: Holothruroidea Characteristic: radial symmetry

Feeding: Heterotroph Reproduction: Sexual/ External Scientific name: Bohadschia argus

Aequorea Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Cyndaria Class: Hydrozoa Characteristic: Radial Symmetry Feeding: Heterotroph Reproduction: Fertilization Sexual/External

Scientific name: Aequorea victoria

Dragonfly Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Antropoda Class: Insecta Characteristic: Articulated legs Feeding: Heterotroph Reproduction: Sexual/ Oviparous Scientific name: Ophiogomphus susbehcha

Millipede Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Antropods Class: Diplopoda Characteristic: Articualted legs Feeding: Heterotroph Reproduction: Sexual/ Viviparous

Scientific name: Epibolus pulchripes

Octopus Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Mollusca Class: Cephalopoda Characteristic: Radial Symmetry, tentacles Feeding: Heterotroph Reproduction: Sexual/Oviparous Scientific name: Octopus vulgaris

Green Turtle Kingdom: Aniamalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Reptilia Characteristic: Scales Feeding: Heterotroph Reproduction: Sexual/Oviparous Scientific name: Chelonia mydas

Tarantula Kingdom: Aniamalia Phylum: Antropoda Class: Arachnida

Characteristic: Articulated legs Feeding: Hetrotroph Reproduction: Sexual/Oviparous Scientific name: Brachypelma smithi

Green June beetle Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Antropoda Class: Insecta Characteristic: Articualted legs Feeding: Heterotroph Reproduction: Sexual/Oviparous Scientific name: Cotinus nitida

Blue Crab Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Antropoda Class: Malacostra Characteristic: Articulated legs Feeding: Heterotroph Reproduction: Sexual/ Oviparous Scientific name: Callinectes sapidus

Snail Helix Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Mollusca Class: Gastropoda Characteristic: Radial Symmetry Feeding: Heterotroph Reprodution: Hermaphrodite Scientific name: Helix aspersa

Sea Urchin Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Echinodermata Class: Echinoidea Characteristic: Radial Symmetry Feeding: Heterotroph Reproduction: Sexual/External Scientific name: Echinothrix calamaris

Lampshell Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Brachiopoda Class: Terebratulida Characteristic: Bilateral Symmetry/ no gaseous exchange organs Feeding: Heterotroph Reproduction: Sexual/ External Fertilization Scientific name: Platystrophia ponderosa

Anolis Lizard Kingdom: animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Reptilia Charactiristic: Scales Feeding: Heterotrph Reproduction: Sexual/Oviparous Scientific name: Anolis capito

Giant Water Bug Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Antropoda Class: Insecta Characteristic: Articulated legs Feeding: Heterotroph Reproduction: Sexual /Oviparous Scientific name: Lethocerus insulanus

Leech Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Annelida Class: Clitellata Characteristic: Segmented worms Feeding: Heterotroph Reproduction: Hermaphrodites

Scientific name: Hirudo medicinalis

Ascaris

Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Nemalthemintes Class: Secernentea Characteristic: Round worms Feeding: Heterotroph Reproduction: Sexual/ external reproduction Scientific name: Ascaris suum

Lamprey Ammocoetes Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Chondrichthyes Characteristic: Jawless fish Feeding: Heterotroph Reprodution: Sexual/ Oviparous Scientific name: Lampetra fluviatili

Sparrow Kingdom: NAimalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Characteristic: Feathers Feeding: Heterotroph Reproduction: Sexual/ Oviparous Scientific name: Melospiza melodia

Brittle Star Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Echinodermata Class: Ophiuroidea

Characteristic: Bilateral Symmetry Feeding: Heterotroph Reproduction: Sexual/ External Reproduction Scientific name: Ophionereis schayeri

Goose Barnacle Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Crustacea Scientific name: Pollicipes pollicipes Principal physical characteristics: it has no spinal chord; it has a hard external shell; it attaches to hard surfaces. Way of feeding: They have limbs that wave into the oncoming current of water and direct food into the mouth. Way of reproduction: Can be hermaphrodites and they reproduce sexually to lay eggs. Scientific name: Pollicipes pollicipes

Conclusion The Purpose of this lab was to distinguish the characteristics of the animal kingdom and their evolutionary advances, Identify representatives of each group and to practice the 3 rule of binomial nomenclature. The purposes of this lab were accomplished since the complexity of the animal kingdom was appreciated and how it varies from simple sponges to the most complex guinea pig, the representatives of the groups were identified thanks to class notes, and the 3 rules of binomial nomenclature were learned and practiced.

Recommendations Never open the jars in which the animals are kept as the substance in which they are is cancerous and very dangerous to unprotected skin.

 Glossary External Fertilization: When males release sperm into containing the eggs, where the union of free gametes occur.

the

water the

Internal Fertilization: The female reproductive tract.

introduction

of

male

gametes

into

Oviparity: The eggs, after being fertilized internally, are deported outside the mothers body to complete their development. Ovoviviparity: The fertilized eggs are retained within the mothers body to complete their development, but the embryos still obtain all of their nourishment from the egg yolk. Viviparity: The young develops within the mother and obtain nourishment directly from their mothers blood, rather than from the egg yolk. Asexual Reproduction: Reproduction without gametes. Sexual Reproduction: Reproduction involving gametes. Hermaphroditism: Reproduction in which one individual has both testes and ovaries. Parthenogenesis: Asexual reproduction in which females have offspring from unfertilized eggs.