PARTICIPATORY DEMOCRACY.

MANUAL to overthrow the government

THE TRUTH WILL BE MADE PUBLIC ... AND THE PEOPLE WILL BE FREE ...

Written by Pablo Nez Cambn. -

What you will find is in this book? * A look at the manipulation of people by the elite minority. An analysis of strategies of domination of the masses of people, by small groups of power. * Unpublished information on linking with the dictatorship in Uruguay, the former President of Uruguay, Dr. Tabare Vazquez. Information has been hidden by media and authorities of Uruguay, ruled by minority power groups. * A new way to build democracy and fight against minority power groups, who do not represent the Uruguayan workers. * A new vision of a possible future Uruguay and a new horizon of justice and true democracy. * The truth revealed in a book that may generate controversy and discussion, but presents some keys to a truly democratic life. * An initial manual of change, so people will decide their own destinies. To contact the author, feel free to write to email: democracianueva@yahoo.com All copy rights reserved . All rights reserved copyright and copy. It allows free distribution of free copies of this book. It is not allowed the marketing of this material by any means whatsoever without the express written permission of the author.

DEDICATION

* This book is dedicated to the fight against secret societies and economic groups that concentrate power, and against other elite groups. The struggle is against all minority groups, who only fight to preserve and expand its power and its domination over the rest of society, for economic gain individualistic and remain in power, regardless of the welfare of general population. * In memory of the rural worker Pascasio Baez Mena, innocent citizen, killed on December 21, 1971 by command of the Tupamaros National Liberation Movement (MLN-T) in Spartacus rural place located near the city of Pan de Azcar in Uruguay, when MLN-T struggled to gain power. * In memory of the student Liber Arce, killed by police during a student march on August 14, 1968 in Montevideo, Uruguay. * For all the martyrs who peacefully fought for just causes, for the welfare of humanity.

INDEX * CHAPTER 1: "ABUSE OF POWER, A CONSEQUENCE OF EXCESS POWER" (p. 5) * THE DOMINATION OF THE COMPANY BY A small group of people (social elites, sects, churches, MASONRY, CORPORATIONS, BUSINESS, ETC.) (Page 6) * ARTIGAS. THE HERO SENT AWAY, BURIED AND FORGOTTEN. (P. 10) * CHAPTER 2. THE CONCEALMENT OF INFORMATION AS A MEANS OF ACCESS TO POWER AND DOMINATION OF THE MASSES (p. 14) * GREAT PERSONALITIES, GREAT LIES. (P. 15) * CHAPTER 3. KNOWING THE ACTION OF THE MANIPULATORS OF THE MASSES (p. 30) * MASTER THE ART OF THE MASSES AND HANDLE (BY Edward Bernays and others) (p. 31) * CHAPTER 4. ALTERNATIVES TO THE DOMINATION OF THE PEOPLE BY THE ELITES (p. 35) * GEORGE GALLUP STATISTICS (p. 36) * NAIVE DEMOCRACY - THE BOOK NAIVE (p. 38) * CHAPTER 5. NEW participatory democracies. THE POWER IN THE HANDS OF THE PEOPLE (p. 41) * All democratic organizations (p. 42) * NEW PARTICIPATORY DEMOCRACY (p. 46) * CHAPTER 6. THE CHALLENGES OF A PARTICIPATORY DEMOCRACY (p. 53) * PROGRESS AGAINST DEMOCRACY (p. 54) * SOME OF THE PROBLEMS OF PARTICIPATORY DEMOCRACY (p. 54) * CHAPTER 7. CHARACTERISTICS OF A NEW ELECTORAL SYSTEM (p. 55) * PROCEDIMEINTO ELECTIONS - GENERAL GUIDELINES - LAW (p. 56) * ELECTION PROPOSALS OF INDIVIDUAL CITIZENS (p. 58) * ON ELECTION PROPOSALS (p. 59) * CHAPTER 8. THE BACKGROUND, THEY DO TO MODIFY THE ESSENCE OF POLITICAL PARTIES (p. 60) * THE POWER IS INHERITED AS KINGS IN THEIR KINGDOMS (p. 61) * Chapter 9. NEW FORMS OF POLITICAL PARTIES (p. 63) * PERFORMANCE OF POLITICAL PARTIES AND SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONS (p. 64) * CHAPTER 10. CHARACTERISTICS OF ELECTIONS OF THE GOVERNING BODY OF A COUNTRY (p. 67) * ON THE ELECTION OF THE PRESIDENT OF A COUNTRY AND ALL OTHER OFFICERS (p. 68) * CHAPTER 11. THE ROLE OF EDUCATION IN A FREE AND DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY (p. 69) * EDUCATION: A PATH TO FREEDOM (p. 70) * Democratization OF THE INFORMATION, THE FUNCTIONAL LITERACY AND FREEDOM OF OPPORTUNITIES (P. 72) * EDUCATION, THE MEANS TO TRANSFORM SOCIETY (p. 75) * CHAPTER 12. THE DISTRIBUTION OF WEALTH FAIR, A HUMANITARIAN LAW (p. 77) * THE LOWER WAGES AND EXPLOITATION OF WORKERS IS NOT GUILTY OF BUSINESS, SOMEONE ELSE IS TO BLAME (p. 78) * THE DISTRIBUTION OF WEALTH (p. 79) * CHAPTER 13. THE BEGINNING OF CHANGE (p. 85) * THE TIME TO MAKE DECISIONS (page 86)

CHAPTER 1

"THE ABUSE OF POWER, A CONSEQUENCE OF EXCESS OF POWER"

THE DOMINATION OF THE SOCIETY BY A small group of people (social elites, sects, churches, MASONRY, CORPORATIONS, BUSINESS, ETC.) HONDURAS. - Year 2009 - A dictatorship happened. A President is deposed from his office, taken from her bed in pajamas at night and deported by the military, which together with a small group of powerful civilians, have taken the country in their hands. The democratically elected government was replaced by a new dictatorship government. The military have taken over the media and taken control of the country, depriving people of basic freedoms such freedom of speech or freedom to move freely through the streets, especially during certain hours of day, where have enacted curfews. The military used the media to circulate false information about the dictator government, propagandizing in approval of it, and calling as terrorists who speak or turn against dictators and fight for freedom and democracy. The media that inform people about real events, and communicating on the repression of the military who have brought death and various violations of basic human rights, are treated as liars by the de dictator government and media related to the dictatorship ruling. The military keeps people out of the streets, through curfews. People who stay in the streets ignoring the curfew imposed by the anti-democratic government, are arrested, beaten and murdered in secret. Many people have hungry because they have no food at home and be prohibited from taking to the streets, so they can not buy food because the shops are closed. The economy and political situation lead to increased prices, hyperinflation limits the survival of people, especially the poorest. The media who denouncing the fact that people suffer, are closed, censored, or proceed to cut their electricity and water so they can not continue to report the real situation faced by the population. Meanwhile the media loyal to the dictator government, continue reporting that the situation in the country is normal, and reporting that people develop in a normal life, in freedom and in support of the dictator government. But in reality the people is fighting for freedom, is riddled , deaths by military squads are reported, kidnappings of people, tortures, rape of women, theft and looting by soldiers are reported too. The shots are the food of those who fight for freedom of expression and democracy, protestors are shot and dead in the streets, and the media loyal to the government, denied any deaths that occurred in the country. The media are censored, such as internet, wher you can not enter certain web pages, you can join chat channels to speak out freely, not even you can search in internet portals the meaning of words such as "freedom" or "democracy." Could the population of any country to defend itself against situations like these, or are we really vulnerable to these power groups and their actions? Should not a real democracy, protect and promote the organization of the people, so they have real participation and influence in important decisions, and state policies? Is democracy only one instance where the people simply elect their representatives, and then they make whatever they want, without consulting the people, and then not representing the spirit of at least the majority of the people? What can we do to prevent situations like this occur or continue occurring in our countries and peoples? The essence of the problem is the phrase that said the Uruguayan hero Don Jos Gervasio Artigas: "My authority comes from you citizens, and it ceases before your sovereign presence." So the authority of a leader must cease in the presence of any citizen, in the presence of any majority and minority, because a leader is only somebody at the service for each person that is part of a country. A leader is not above anyone else, only someone who occupies an established position, and that to fulfill a role as determined by the majorities and minorities. And both the majority and the minorities that make up a population, should be incorporated their wishes in the decisions-making. Man should not be employed by the laws or regulations, or the constitution of a country. The constitution and laws should serve the man and his interests. The constitution of a country, or the laws are just letters written on paper, written by ordinary men, flaws and mistakes as any individual in the world, and often written by people responding to perverse interests of business groups or minority elite power groups. But the spirit and wishes of the people and their interests are sacred and should prevail over all.

Today, the working society, living a whirlwind of a stressful lifestyle, where people have to work almost like robots in a system of labor exploitation, working many hours a day, to bring home a living, and this ends up leaving people with no time or interest to participate in other activities in their spare time. People prefer to rest or amuse themselves free time instead of participating in meetings involving instances, reflections, proposals and decision making on policy issues in each country. However, although people come together to think about politics, what degree of impact it could have on decision making within government systems that go against the majority of the population? A true democracy must remove power to the leaders, and give broad powers to each of the people who are a part of the society. Today in technologically advanced countries and developing countries, we have the technology and ability to perform the necessary actions so people can decide and choose the fundamental actions that a government should do. It is possible to vote the fundamental laws and the most important decisions of a country by digital methods, through access to computers and the internet. It is possible to build a digital voting system, and form civic organizations that can raise proposals for consideration by all citizens that make up a country. We can make the implementation of a truly participatory democracy where people have an impact on decisions of a government, and prevent their being a few tens of politicians, businessmen or groups of power, who submit to his own interests at the general population. True freedom can not exist if the majority of the people is subject to the wishes of a few powerful people who make the decisions. It is at least, the majority of the people, who must take major decisions, and for that we must ensure their participation in decision making by voting on national issues on a frequent elective act. Today it is possible to place in strategic locations in the cities, electronic voting stands similar in nature to the automated teller machine, in order to proceed to vote on various topics of interest of a country. It is also possible to vote on matters of national interest through the Internet, for people who have access to this service in their own homes, using computer systems with high security. All voting services should be audited by independent multiple companies or organizations in their actions, to prevent the existence of fraud in the voting. And never forget that there is no foolproof system of information management, making it necessary to always look for innovative ways to prevent anyone being able to manipulate the election results in their favor. The election results should always be representative of popular wishes. In chapter 5 it is mentioned a possible alternative to the current "democratic" systems, that do not represent anyone else that certain elite minority.

ARTIGAS. THE HERO SENT AWAY, BURIED AND FORGOTTEN. It is curious that during the government of the Broad Front political party (in the Oriental Republic of Uruguay), the figure of the Uruguayan hero Jos Gervasio Artigas (1764 - 1850), has been gradually abandoned, for example,in legal notes that circulating in Uruguay.

Since there, is no figure of Artigas in the twenties, fifty, a hundred, two hundred, five hundred, and Uruguayan pesos as previously observed. Existed before in all these bills, a watermark visible to the light where it is always observed , the face of Artigas. This watermark with the face of Artigas, was removed from all banknotes (paper currency of Uruguay) for the Broad Front government. Now recently, they have attacked the Uruguayan peso coins of 1, 2 pesos, 5 pesos and 10 pesos. In all these coins until 2010, always was observed the face of national hero Jose Artigas. But in 2011, new coins have been issued where it has gone completely the face of Jose Artigas. Jose Artigas longer exists in any coin or note in the Oriental Republic of Uruguay, as could be seen that before. It seems that some people are interested in gradually erase the historical trace of the Liberator Jos Gervasio Artigas, memory of this small country (Uruguay). They drive to first delete the heroes, the story, then everything that defines nationalism and traditions. The same thing happened during the municipal governments of the Broad Front in the department of Montevideo, where he stopped using the shield of the city, replacing it with a new symbol, a "little roof" with a letter M (without any historical significance); new symbol shown in the figure to the right of this paragraph. Similarly, the national government of the Broad Front, has disappeared from the various offices of the Uruguayan state and almost all government activities, the National Emblem of Uruguay, and replaced it with a rising sun, devoid of historical significance. Repeat this action gradually erases history. It is intended to erase the memory of citizens gradually, so that "they do not realize." Forgetting the past, it seems that people are easier to controlling and train, as if was docile pets. So at least, some minds seem to think Machiavellian rulers. Returning to the historical figure of Jos Artigas, the Uruguayan national hero, one wonders: why would anyone want to wipe your memory image of the Uruguayans? Just study a little about the history of Artigas, to understand why the disappearance is convenient ideological. It stands in the Artigas Square of Rocha City, Republic of Uruguay; one reproduction of an Artigas Shield (see figure at right). This shield would have been commissioned by Jose Artigas, to an artist of the time (XIX century), in order to be considered as the official emblem of then Eastern Province (at the present, Eastern Republic of Uruguay). In this shield can be seen diverse elements that can afford to meet part of the ideology of Jose Artigas. In principle in the central zone is a rising sun, indicating the birth of a new country, the birth of independence, rebirth and hope, future. Below is a balance, as a sign of equality among citizens. However, other curious elements appear. On the outside right of the shield, there is a spear, an Artigas flag, a sword, a shield in the center of a drum, and two cannons. On the outside but on the left of the shield, there is a spear, a flag of Artiguas, but this time you see an arc used by the Indians of that time, and under, a type of container to store arrows (with a few arrows in its interior). Both elements, on the right of the shield and on the left of it, were representing different groups of people. The drum, swords and guns are elements representing Europeans and their descendants (the whites). The arch and arrows, representing the indigenous Native American people (the Indians, as the Charruas). Both, Indians and Europeans, make up almost equal parts in this shield, and therefore equally part of this new province that would arise from acts of independence, initially commanded by Artigas against Spanish domination in the region, in the nineteenth century. Equality between Indians and Europeans was the proclamation of Artigas. The proclamation of Artigas on equality, culminating with an extra element in his coat, I mean specifically a crown of plumes that can be seen in the top of the shield. This shield is more like a shield of an Indian province than a province of Europeans and their descendants. Overall, the message of equality between whites and Indians seems to emerge from various constituent elements of this shield. A shield surrounds the phrase: "With liberty, nor offend and nor fear." Man has been created to be free and independent, and Artigas makes clear that idea.

Artigas ideal of equal rights and opportunities for indigenous, Europeans and their descendants, and between mestizos and blacks, is an ideal that arises from the freedom mind of Jos Artigas as a human being. There should be no offense or fear from any human being, to express their ideas and thoughts. Speak and speak freely is not an offense. Speak freely, will not to generate fear of the reactions of others, including the powerful people, who can retaliate against free thinkers. And none other than Jos Artigas, to know of retaliation, since due to his revolutionary thoughts, he was betrayed, persecuted and exiled away from his people, because he fought for the just causes. Artigas was the man who said, "My authority comes from you and it ceases before your sovereign presence." An ideal light indicates that the authority does not belong to a person; no one owns anything, much less the perpetual destinations of others, through the exercise of authority. The authority that a person can have is temporary, and has that authority because the rest of the population it serves temporarily. And the rest of the population should have the power to terminate the authority of who does not merit having it. Jose Artigas leave it clear, he had the authority and accepted, but left it available to the people, when no longer useful to consider their performance as a leader and authority of the East Province. It is clear then why it is appropriate, to eliminate the Uruguayan memory about Artigas, by some Freemasons and other minorities, which are considered small elites with the right to manipulate the population to accumulate wealth and power of perpetual domination. Not find to be convenient to these elites with a thirst for power, that people will remember who fought for the independence of a people, and who proclaimed equality for all and stated that the authority only belongs to the people and not to leaders, who are only temporary employees of the people, serving to the people. Artigas was the man who proclaimed the distribution of land equally among those wishing to work it and produce wealth. Jose Artigas the man who ordered the expropriation of the lands that were unproductive, belonging to those who only wished to accumulate vast expanses of fields in a selfish way. It was Artigas, who reminds us that we are a free and independent people, a sovereign nation where its citizens should have the authority, and should not be a select minority of rulers who dominate the rest of the population. Is this Artigas that want to be erased from collective memory. Artigas himself that said "Let the Eastern as educated as valiant," indicating the value of knowledge over all things. Educated people is free, is capable of having a vast understanding of reality, and cannot be dominated ideologically with lies such as those we intend to implement certain power groups, that today make up unscrupulous governments. The only solution to realize the ideals of Jos Artigas is to organize a system of government where power really resides in the majority of people, and not in the current minority elite of businessmen, bankers, swindlers, minority organizations such as certain lodges of the Masons; that actually decide the destiny of peoples with the only purpose of financial gain for themselves. A truly democratic and participatory system of governance, where the power really resides in the people, implies that the general population has the power to make decisions easily and dynamic, always with the approval of at least most of the citizens. In Chapter 5 mentions a possible system of government, characterized by the real participation of the population in making decisions with governmental, which is an approximation to a true participatory democracy.

CHAPTER 2 THE SUPPRESSION OF INFORMATION AS A WAY OF ACCESS TO POWER AND DOMINATION OF THE MASSES

GREAT PERSONALITIES, GREAT LIES. How many people have secrets to keep? The secrets are inconvenient truths for those who hide them. A secret could be a truth that is hidden to maintain a lie and make a profit, or may be a truth that is hidden in order to not harm another person, or may be a secret will have other purposes. In Uruguay, there are personalities in the public domain that appear to have a hidden past, or at least a past that a few people know. Perhaps these problem could be resolved if those personalities answer some questions about his past, though of course it could respond with lies. The Masons are people who belong to a group that sees itself as social elite that believe they are the chosen ones to command the destiny of the people. There are those that believe the mass of people that integrates society, is incompetent to build a successful country, and therefore are a few people who should rule and govern the destiny of the rest of the population. It can catalog the Masons as secretive group. The members of the sects or lodges of the Freemasons, (whose main activities are secret) are not mandatory to reveal to ordinary people that there are memberships of the Masonry. A Mason does not have to tell a common citizen, if it belongs to the Masons, and may in fact lie about their condition. The Masons are then liars by nature. In fact, Masons are prohibited informing the public (i.e. nonMasons), about who belong to the Masons lodges. The activities of the Masons for their meetings and taken are not of public domain, are secret events for the general population, called pagans for masons. Speaking about Masons, former President of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay (in the period 2005 2010), Dr. Vzquez, was elected President by the party called "Broad Front" and would be a member of the Masons of Uruguay, as has been published in several newspapers in written and electronic media. Dr. Vzquez lived in Uruguay during the recent Uruguayan dictatorship. This dictatorship was in the period from approximately June 27 of 1973 until February 28 of 1985. Jorge Vazquez brother of Dr. Vzquez, was imprisoned during the dictatorial government, accused of belonging to a terrorist organization dubbed OPR - 33 (Popular Revolutionary Organization, Thirty-Three East), which would have involved, among other crimes, robbery Flag of the Thirty-Three Orientals, an item of historical value for Uruguay Country. During this period of military dictatorial government, people were classified into different categories according to their affinity and trust with the military authoritarian regime. People with class A, were considered allied to the dictatorial regime and right-hand for military dictators, and were allowed to hold positions in companies and public agencies of the state. Category B people were not fully trusted the military regime. It is sometimes placed in this category B people who were families of political prisoners accused of terrorism and subversion. Individuals category B, were forbidden to work for the state or holding positions in companies or government offices. Finally those Category C, was integrated by prisoners who were indicted for terrorist and subversive activities against the state, or people who have been sentenced in court at some point by carrying out subversive activities. Even included in this category C, people that having belonged to leftist political parties, or people who were wanted for alleged involvement in terrorist activities against the state. Former President of Uruguay Dr. Vzquez, lived in Uruguay in those times of dictatorship. It must be hard living at that time for him, because he have a brother prisoner, charged with involvement in terrorist activities; so all this would not leave Dr. Vzquez well placed against the military dictators of the time. Knowing the evil and the military intelligence, that had the ability to have under their control to three million of Uruguayans using their Military Intelligence Service, we assume that at least Dr. Vzquez should be classified as category B citizen, and so therefore he will not work in public agencies. Perhaps even he had to strip of their property, for the simple fact of being blood brother of an accused terrorist. Some people who lived at the time of dictatorship in Uruguay, for the simple fact of having a leftist political thought, different from the beliefs of the military dictators, were sentenced to prison, in solitary confinement and tortured. When some of these people were released, they conditioned their freedom, having to pay hundreds of thousands of dollars from their bank accounts as a way to tax the "accommodation" that were provided while in prison, as if jail were a luxury hotel. If you did not pay these huge amount of money, should return to jail. Therefore it was best left in poverty and then leave the country, to go back to be tortured in the prisons of the dictatorship. However it seems that Dr. Vzquez did not suffer a period of his life in poverty during the military dictatorship, but had a brother prisoner accused of being a terrorist.

Indeed, it seems that the dictatorship favored him, and became someone popular with a consistent presence in the media of the time, earning great achievements both professionally and economically. Simply, the military seems they were not as bad with him; it seems that they were military ethics, and never had suspected or injured a person simply by being the brother of a terrorist prisoner. The military might seem, it did not exert any kind of revenge or hindered the lives of those who had relatives imprisoned for subversive activities. It might seem that the era of military dictatorship, were not so bad after all. Or at least this one might think if one considers only the case of Dr. Vzquez and his brother Jorge Vazquez. However, the reality is that the military who ruled during that period of dictatorship, were murderers and torturers, and violated the human rights of three million Uruguayans, reasons why they deserve to be incarcerated as a way to pay for their crimes. On the date September 1, 1981, take over as dictator president in Uruguay, Retired General Gregorio Alvarez. On the occasion of his investiture were many greetings that received this individual, in different media of the time and by various citizens. On page number 15 of the newspaper El Pas, the date August 30 of 1981, you can see the names of several well-known personalities currently in Uruguay, congratulating and saluting the dictator Gregorio Alvarez, on the occasion of his investiture as dictator president on 1 September of 1981 (see next page).

In the picture above, we see the name of Dr. Vzquez integrating a list of personalities, friends of the dictatorship, in a greeting message to the dictator Gregorio Alvarez, which is published in the newspaper El Pais on page number 15 of 30 August of 1981. Also appreciate the names of people like millionaire businesswoman Laetitia D'Aremberg of Habsburg, Dr. Alberto Gandulia the business, the Architect Millionaire (now deceased) Walter Pintos Risso, Mr. Q. Herbert Meyer (deceased), among other very successful entrepreneurs of all times. It seems that for some, it was like a lucky charm to be aligned with the authoritarian military regimes and human rights abusers, torturers, and murderers. These greetings may have secured the economic prosperity and popularity of certain citizens. Unusually Dr. Vzquez also appears as the protagonist of an extensive interview, published the same day August 30, 1981, in which his name appears in a message of congratulations to the dictator Gregorio Alvarez. On page 4 of the Sunday supplement of the newspaper El Pais ("The Country of Sundays") of August 30 of 1981, Dr. Vzquez appears in an extensive interview (as illustrated in the two photos below) where express about issues related to his activity as a medical oncologist. Vzquez appears twice in the same newspaper El Pas of 1981, on page 4, where Dr. Vzquez is interviewed telling medical issues, and on page number 15 appears again his name in the message of greetings and congratulations to Dictator Gregorio Alvarez. In this extensive article with Dr. Vzquez on page 4 of the Sunday supplement of the Country Journal ("The Country of the Sun) of August 30 of 1981, Titled:" ONCOLOGY: DR. Vzquez - WARN TO LIVE "referred to the various public positions he held at the military dictatorship, serving also as Assistant Professor Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine (consider that the medical school was taken over by the military). He also mentioned his role as Chief of the Laboratory of Radiobiology belonging to the Government Faculty of Medicine, Chief of Department of Radiation Oncology Institute of the Ministry of Public Health, among other charges. He mentions his next trip out of the country to Tokyo, Japan, so it is evident that the economic situation in the de dictator government was very friendly and had no difficulties to enter and exit the country freely. In the same Journal El Pas, and the same day he was interviewed for medical affairs (August 30, 1981), his name appears on page 15, in a message of greeting and congratulations to the Dictator Gregorio Alvarez on his investiture as Dictator. Twice in the same journal and the same day! First in a full-page interviewed where he expressed his knowledge in oncology, and then see your name on a message of greetings and congratulations to the new dictator, Gregorio Alvarez! Vzquez OTHER EMERGING MEDIA IN A FULL PRESS DICTATORSHIP

Also on 6 October 1982, on page 7 in La Maana Journal, Dr. Vzquez appears (as shown in the two photos above), in an interview where he mentions his future participation in a course given directly by the Dictatorial Government, to representing Uruguay, because the interest of the dictatorship on health issues. In the article entitled "REPRESENTATIVE TO CONDUCT INVESTIGATIONS CANCEROLGICAS" is mentioned: "Assistant Professor Department of Oncology and Chief, Laboratory of Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Doctor Vzquez was appointed yesterday by the Executive Power to participate in cancer research IX Course, to be held from 10 to 21 of current in Israel. " Here it is clear that Dr. Vzquez served in several public offices during the military dictatorship, although his brother was in jail charged with terrorist activities. It also indicates that Dr. Vzquez was appointed directly by the Executive, meaning that there was a direct appointment by the Dictatorial Government of the time. Obviously, there was great confidence in Dr. Vzquez by the ruling military, it is unthinkable that Vzquez was targeted by the military, being the brother of a terrorist prisoner. It is difficult to think that was a victim of persecution by the military regime, or has suffered poverty and economic hardship, as it had multiple public employs during the military regime. The article continues: "These activities will take place, specifically in the Weizmann Institute of Rehevot of the city of Tel Aviv. Notably, Dr. Vzquez was also appointed to participate in research work to be performed on the subject in the same institute, during the three weeks following the completion of the course. To be known yesterday that resolution, is specific the Government's interest in cancer research, since the tumors occupy the first level of mortality in Uruguay. Consequently, the participation of Dr. Vzquez in that course and subsequent research will allow the immediate implementation of modern methods in the field in Uruguay. " Throughout the newspaper article mentioned the direct selection of Dr. Vzquez by the military government, to represent the Military Government of Uruguay at the time in that way in Israel. You can only choose to represent a military government, someone who has the full confidence of those Forces. It did not matter at all to the military, which Vzquez's brother was a terrorist, arrested and in custody of them military. These same soldiers who had arrested Jorge Vazquez, selected his brother Dr. Vzquez to travel to Israel to participate in a course of cancer research, representation the Dictator government. It must be remembered that different media in the period of military dictatorship in Uruguay, were seized by the military government of the dictatorship, and therefore only published the information that the military allowed. But Dr. Vzquez is a personality repeated in the media of the time, so Vzquez did not suffer any kind of censorship evident. Interestingly Dr. Vzquez during the dictatorship in 1979, took over as Chairman of the Football Club Progreso, when this team was playing in the 2nd division of professional football in Uruguay. That same year (1979) under the chairmanship of Dr. Vzquez, the Progress Club was champion of the second division and promoted to first division professional soccer, something that the club could not do since 1946. In fact the Football Club Progreso, was perhaps one of his best seasons in the Time of Military Government, being champion of the 3rd division football in 1978, amounted then to the 2nd division in 1979 and out champion that year in the 2nd division, becoming the first division for 1980. Was years of steady growth during the military dictatorship, in the hands of Dr. Vzquez. Many successes have then Dr. Vzquez in full dictatorship. Dr. Vzquez was invested as President of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay in the period 2005 to 2010. Curiously, in the official government state website, belonging to the Presidency of the Republic of Uruguay, there is no published any of his public and private functions held in the military dictatorship between 1973 and 1985. In fact there is total emptiness about his life, between 1972 and 1987.

On the next page is published curriculum of former President Vzquez, as it appeared on the official website of President of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay.

Below is a picture from the website of the Presidency of the Republic of Uruguay, which was published today the curriculum of former President Dr. Tabare Vazquez, where you can check the absence of information between 1972 and 1987: http://www.presidencia.gub.uy/_web/pages/vazquez01.htm PRESIDENT Vzquez CURRICULUM VITAE -Name: Ramn Vzquez Rosas Tabar -Date of Birth: January 17, 1940 -Married to Mary Help of Slim 3 children - 9 grandchildren -Graduated from the Faculty of Medicine, University of the Republic on December 6, 1969. -Degree Specialist in Oncology and Radiotherapy in August 1972. -Grade 5-Senior Lecturer in Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine since 1987 -Elected Mayor of Montevideo in 1989, assuming as such on February 15, 1990. -Member of the National Congress of Governors (1990-94) and Chairman of the same during the year 1993. -Proclaimed in July 1994 Progressive Encounter-Broad Front, as a candidate for President of the Republic. Progressive Encounter-President since December 1994. -Proclaimed President of the Broad Front in the Second Extraordinary Congress of the Broad Front, the December 22, 1996 -In the Third National Congress of the Broad Front in November 1998, was ratified as president of the Broad Front - Proclaimed National Convention Progressive Encounter-Broad Front of June 26, 1999, as a candidate for President of the Republic to the elections of that year. It was the presidential candidate most voted individually. - On 23 September 2001 at the Fourth Ordinary Congress of the Broad Front, is proclaimed, again, Chairman of the Broad Front. - On December 21, 2003, at the Fourth Extraordinary Congress of the Broad Front, is proclaimed as a candidate for President of the Republic for the 2004 elections. - On October 31, 2004, is elected in the first round, President of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay in National Elections -On March 1, 2005, for a period of five years, takes over the Presidency of the Republic of Uruguay.

Additionally, Dr. Vzquez joined the Socialist Party, although this party was persecuted by the military during the dictatorship, but yet this gentleman apparently had no problems whatsoever with the Dictators. When he no longer agreed more, he leaved the Socialist Party, once it had reached its goal of being President of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay. It is strange that someone who was chairman of a party of "left" has had such relationship with a dictatorial government.

Some questions for Dr. Vzquez: Was you friend or enemy of Military Dictatorial Government, between 1973 and 1985? Greeted or not the dictator Gregorio Alvarez on his investiture as Dictator of Uruguay, while your brother was in jail on terrorism charges, convicted under the military government? Was you economically enriched or impoverished during the military dictatorship in Uruguay, between 1973 and 1985? How accomplished to accumulate riches during the Military Dictatorship? If you transferred your winnings on behalf of another person or persons, are also free to mention it in the answer. Why not publish in the curriculum of Presidency of the Uruguayan Republic, what were your work activities between the periods of 1972 to 1987? Why is a blank space in your activities between 1972 and 1987, in the curriculum published by the Presidency of the Republic? Did you get benefits from the Dictatorial Military Government thanks to Masonry? What Masons known to have benefited by Military during the dictatorship, and now hold positions of power or have owned? Clearly, the secret or the suppression of certain information may come to favor certain people to access to power and economic supremacy. Clearly there are people who lie and hide his past as a convenience, with the only purpose of accumulating fortune and power. Lying and keeping secrets are traditional attitudes of the Masons and other powerful minorities, to gain power and remain in those conditions, thus acquiring their wealth, lying to people in their process. The absence of morals and ethics, and nonexistence of ideals and commitment to the majority of society, is what leads some people to lose their way. Therefore it is time to establish community ideals, aims and goals to pursue among the whole society, to avoid situations where unscrupulous individuals conquer positions of power in society, based on lies. It is not the purpose in this chapter to judge people. Each individual knows the reasons why they made their actions, either by fear or convenience. Everyone knows if defends ideals about freedom and human rights, or if you do not care anything more than only profit benefit for himself. Each is as is, and not assume to judge and condemn people. This chapter presents some information little known to many people, so that they understand the need to establish control methods and the participation of the general population, to prevent the occurrence of irregular and unfortunate events such as lying, withholding information, or the violations in the most basic human rights, as those trampled when developing a dictatorship and lived in it, whether as victim or as a beneficiary of it. All unfortunate events that occurred in the dictatorship in Uruguay between 1973 and 1985, occurred primarily by the absence of means of control for the population of Uruguay; happened because people were not consulted regarding their views and wishes, ensued because they were not respected the freedoms of individuals and organizations. Thus arises the need to build societies where there are not exist minority groups who dominate the life and manage the destiny of the rest of society. It will be the entire population who has the elements to determine the fundamental characteristics of life of a country. Neither minorities like economical elites nor Masonic lodge in secret activities, should be the elements that govern and dominate the characteristics of societies. All persons and citizens must have the ability to approve or disapprove the main characteristics of societies, through the direct vote on the most important aspects of life in society. In Chapter 5 and beyond, I will expand information about the construction of new participatory democracies.

JOHN F. KENNEDY REPORTING THE SECRET SOCIETIES John Fitzgerald Kennedy was President of the United States of America between 1961 and 1963. On April 27 of 1961, John F. Kennedy, speak to the media about the danger of the Communists, and presented in part of his speech, the following expressions: "The word secrecy is repugnant in a free and democratic society. We are historically against secret societies, secret oaths and secret proceedings ". Reading of this phrase arise several elements. In principle, explain the dangers of the existence of secret societies like the Masons that damage the freedom of individuals. Imagine a group of people organized to meet secretly to plan covert actions, as the operations that can be performed by terrorist groups. Any secret organization or society can establish a secret hidden agenda, and set a series of actions that only its members know. The members of the secret society can infiltrate in various important positions inside the governments of the countries, political and social organizations, government offices, churches and etcetera. Any actions to perform during infiltration, respond exclusively to the interests of the secret society to which they belong. Suppose that an individual belonging to a secret society, is accused of committing a crime and the magistrate who is going to judge him, belongs to the same secret society than the accused. Obviously being a secret society, the general population does not know who compose the secret society. Then the justice magistrate will fail in favor of the accused, only because they are members of the same secret society. This occurs because in some secret societies like the Masons, there is the concept of brotherhood. The "brothers" within the same secret society, always act on behalf of the members of this sect. In another example, we assume that a businessman wishes to make a multimillion-dollar investment in a particular country. So if the President of this country belongs to the same secret society that the investors, then the President will not hesitate to do everything possible in favor of his brotherhood. It will not matter even if this action culminates harming another investor who does not belong to the same secret society. The members of the same secret society, help and encourage each other, but do not hesitate to damage those who do not belong to their congregations. In general, members of secret societies act in the background, in favor of its affiliates, and if is necessary will hurt those who are not members of their congregations. Those associated with secret societies, used his influence to advance in the state organizations, in political and business, and gain the full benefits because of the hidden drive people responding to the interests of those secret societies. Finally who ends up ruling and leading a country, company or other social organization, can be one of the members of secret societies. Then the decisions taken at the level of certain countries or social organizations, not respond to the representative members of their populations, but respond to the interests of the secret societies and their reduced amount of members. It is then implanted secret structures, a type of patronage or favoritism, that by well-organized actions, they become able to take control of governments and various social organizations. John F. Kennedy denounced this kind of secret organizations, and although we cannot know for sure what specific organization had Kennedy in mind, it is clear that in the United States of America, the oldest secret society is the Freemasonry. On the other hand, the secrets that hide these people can only be a danger for the society, because they only hide what is evil. A person, who has not committed any wrong or is no evil, has nothing to hide. Those who hide are the ones with dishonest intentions. In a free and democratic society where people are free to express themselves, it makes no sense and no place there exist lies and concealments. Those who have secrets in these conditions, it is because they have dark agendas, evil purposes, as for example the domination of the masses through mechanisms dishonest and nefarious purposes. Approximately two years after issuing this speech, John F. Kennedy was assassinated in circumstances that remain unexplained. "The word secrecy is repugnant in a free and democratic society. We are historically against secret societies, secret oaths and secret proceedings "(April 27 of 1961 - John F. Kennedy) John F. Kennedy was assassinated on November 22 of 1963.

CHAPTER 3

KNOWING THE ACTION OF THE MASS MANIPULATORS

MASTERING THE ART OF THE MASSES DOMINATION AND HANDLING (Edward Bernays BY AND OTHERS) Edward Bernays (1891 - 1995) was an advertising manager with the capacity to manipulate people, for the benefit of economic corporations and groups of political power. One of the actions of Edward Bernays, was make women smoked cigarettes in public places, in the United States of America. In the early nineteenth century, women who smoked in public places, was frowned upon, and were considered vulgar and anti-female. The act of smoking was reserved for man, and censored for women. The latter it was not considered discrimination against women at that time. An industrialist of tobacco of that time was concerned because their companies were losing a half of the snuff market, meaning that only could sell snuff to men, but were losing the capacity to double the sales market, by not being able to sell cigarettes to women. Somehow they had to conquer the market for women, so was necessary women start smoking in order to massively increase sales of tobacco companies. The interest for make women start to smoke massively, it was then purely a commercial interest, to increase the profits of tobacco companies. Nobody cared that women smoked as a way to be free and equal with men's rights to smoke freely. No one would care then, that millions of women could get sick and die of cancer because of smoking. So a tobacco entrepreneur of the time (around 1930) hired Edward Bernays to succeed make the masses of women began to smoke, in order to increase the profits of tobacco companies. Edward Bernays had the work to convince society of the time, so that women could smoke freely; and for that, Bernays based on ideas drawn from the knowledge of psychology that had discovered his uncle, the famous "Father of Psychology" Sigmund Freud. Sigmund Freud, had studied the minds of people, and managed to discover that there are forces beyond the consciousness of people, and that these forces are responsible for decision making by individuals. From the knowledge discovered by Sigmund Freud, one can conclude that there are primitive and unconscious instincts that guide the behavior of individuals. The simple access to information is not what determines the actions of individuals, but there are unconscious impulses which generally have greater weight when individuals make decisions. These unconscious impulses have a primitive nature, which comes from animal past irrational of people, and is linked to sexual impulses, according to Freudian psychology. So Edward Bernays, considering knowledge of psychology, went to a psychologist of the time to ask what represented the cigarette for women. If Edward Bernays knew what represented the cigarette for women, could devise a strategy in order to convince the masses of women to start smoking. The psychologist consulted by Edward Bernays told him that the cigarette meant for women, a penis. Smoking was like having an own penis. The cigarette for women represented a symbol of power, similar to a male penis. That was the meaning according to Freudian psychology, had a cigarette for women, a symbol of sexual power, similar to the penis. If the women smoked, they would be powerful. This is the idea that Edward Bernays explode to get women become future smokers snuff. In a public ceremony that took place annually, Edward Bernays informed the media that a group of activists would conduct a ceremony for the claim of their rights. The press assisted in masse to the event, because they assumed that something important would happen. Bernays organized a group of women, to take out cigarettes were hidden in his clothes, and began smoking when he gave them a prearranged signal. At one point a large group of women began to pageant smoking cigarettes in public! Remember that the presence of women smoking in public was considered very bad at that time. This act, which many women gathered to smoke in public, sparked media attention at the time.

So when the media asked why Edward Bernays had produced the parade of women smoking in public, he replied that women were in their hands "Torches of Freedom", the cigarettes were "Torches of Freedom". This message has been hidden at least two meanings: 1) The Statue of Liberty in New York, consists of a woman who carries in his hand a torch (a "Torch of Freedom"), 2 ) on the other meaning the "Torch Freedom" is the liberation of women from smoking in public. Woman smoking in public gives a message expressing his freedom to act like men. Smoking is now for women, a symbol of power, independence and freedom. Smoking is a penis that makes women equal to men, at least in their right to smoke freely in public. So Edward Bernays did tobacco companies earn millions of dollars additional, to conquer the market for sale of snuff to women, and cause them to start smoking. The companies promoted the fact that women start to smoke, simply because of increasing profits. It was not its interest that women feel free, or equalized with the rights of man; that feeling of freedom was the excuse to sell more cigarettes. The achievement of selling cigarettes to women was based on knowledge of psychology according with Sigmund Freud ideas. Edward Bernays used the knowledge of psychology to manipulate the behavior of women and changing social habits of the time. The art of manipulating the masses is based on mastering the hidden and subconscious instincts that drive people to make decisions and adopt certain behavior. Edward Bernays knowing how to deliver messages to the subconscious of people, knew he could manipulate the behavior of the masses. In this case used an affective element, the Statue of Liberty and her torch, and linked to cigarettes, generating an emotional bond that woman unconsciously lead to smoking as a way to feel free. Bernays used Freudian psychology not to help people solve their problems, but used it to dominate the behavior of people to make money for him, working for companies and politicians of the time, to dominate the population which he considered as a mass of stupid, to be dominated by a few chosen people. Edward Bernays just felt stupid the masses of people, and thought that a few select people like him, were who have to dominate the rest of the population, for the welfare of the world. Just as Edward Bernays in that time, today there are still those people who think that only a select few should dominate and force the behavior of the masses, because they are dumb and need to be told how to act and what to believe. So the masses of people become slaves to the elites who know the methods of social control. A free and independent society, can exist only if you remove the power of secret societies with hidden agendas as the Masons, and if is eradicated the current social elites that have traditionally sought to maintain power over the masses for personal gain. People should not expect that there are individuals able to solve their own social problems. You cannot raise the leaders to the status of gods, and pretend that a few people solve problems of the masses. Nor can we give extreme powers to the leaders because the danger of authoritarianism that implies. Each individual must reflect and ask itself what you can bear, to collaborate with the rest of society. Each person should contribute their bit and cooperate to solve the problems of societies. Each person must be committed to the advancement of society and help others within their means. Society must decide what their priorities are, and what should or should not occur in the life of a country. The whole society must set the main goals of a country, and establish the degree of commitment that each individual must take to achieve a sense of social justice and community welfare. There must not be small elites and secret societies that dominate the characteristics of societies. These small elite only act for their own benefit and not for the benefit of the rest of society. Just look at poverty and misery that affects so many people in the "modern" societies. An alternative way to wrest power from the small elite who dominate the masses, is to apply a new kind of democracy, to ensure the participation of all people in the most important decisions of governments, limiting the actions of the head of state, consulting the people through voting on matters of national interest. Each country must define what are the aspects that a particular government, must necessarily consult the rest of the population, when intends to carry out actions related to various topics. In Chapter 5 and beyond, are mentioned aspects of an alternative to the current democracies, in this case designed for a small population country like Uruguay, but you can extrapolate to other countries with large populations.

CHAPTER 4

ALTERNATIVES TO THE DOMINATION OF THE PEOPLE BY THE CORRUPT ELITES

GALLUP GEORGE STATISTICS During the administration of Franklin D. Roosevelt (President of the United States of America during the period 1933 to 1945), established what was called the New Deal, a new way of relationship between the government and people of the United States (of America) at that time. Roosevelt had an idea that was to use the mathematical knowledge of statistical George Gallup, to determine the opinion of the general population about certain aspects of the improvements made by the government commanded by him. Then the team of scientists from Gallup devised a method of statistical study, through which people were asked whether they approved or disapproved the Roosevelt's administration. This will "allowed" to employees of Roosevelt, have a relative notion of public support to the actions ordered and executed by Roosevelt in his government. But the question of whether approved or disapproved the progress of the government, it remains an ambiguous question, since not all think the same issues to indicate whether they approve or disapprove the actions of a particular government. A citizen will be satisfied because the government gave a home to buy in installments inexpensive and therefore supports the government's, as a matter of personal convenience. Or a person may discharge to a government because it receives a monthly financial assistance from the government, allowing you to survive without working, so because they feel comfortable with him situation, simply decide to respond he approve the government actions. Therefore not all think the same issues in deciding whether to approve or disapprove of a government that usually takes many decisions that benefit some and harm others. A question so ambiguous as to say whether people approve or disapprove the management of a government does not provide relevant information about the views of individuals with regard to the various initiatives taken by governments. In fact the question that Roosevelt used initially to broadly meet the views of people about their management, over time began to be used by unscrupulous rulers, simply to justify his government's actions were correct, regardless of the true consequences each action have on the lives of citizens. Governments undertake a lot of actions simultaneously, and respond to the fact if approve management or not approve it, does not mean that agree with all actions undertaken by this government. Therefore the method of Gallup to conduct the survey on the approval referred to the management of a government, though it uses science, fails in the ambiguity of the question used in the survey, as it should deepen the opinion of the persons for each particular action taken by the government, rather than make a general question such as considering whether to approve or disapprove of the government.

INGENOUS DEMOCRACY THE INGENOUS BOOK Some people think that creating a better democracy means creating more office hierarchy, making each neighborhood or district select a citizen to influence in the decisions of a particular government, but yet only done to create more positions so that more people joining a government makes decisions that are made, but that are does not mean their action will be truly representative of the interests of the general population. Every people must be not only free to choose who is going to rule, all people will have the opportunity to choose the more important characteristics of the government. And if people are going to decide how they will be ruled, they should have the option to approve or disapprove the most important actions undertaken by any government or social organization. For this purpose, should vote on the general guidelines to undertake by a government, understood as a general guideline, an overview of a particular issue, a goal or objective, a process, a plan of action or any regulation of short text, which does not require ample time for analysis, etc. For example, if a government will launch a free trade agreement (FTA) with some particular country should, that proposal will be voted and approval of most citizens, as condition to be implemented. If a government is preparing to approve a controversial law legalizing abortion by the single mother's decision within three months of conception of pregnancy, then this should be voted by the citizens. If a particular government wants to impose a tax on wage income of the population, then each citizen should have the opportunity to choose whether to submit to the tax, so there should be a vote to approve or disapprove such tax. This is not only that every citizen read a law, article by article and decides what seems best, because in many cases it is necessary to be a lawyer to discuss a law and its advantages and disadvantages. People should be able to give the opinion about a general guideline, a general idea or instruction, then the government should transform into laws and regulations, which follow the general ideas that people had voted. In a true democracy, citizens must have the widest possible participation in the various issues and government decisions. For this the people should be able to choose on a frequently election act, the general guidelines of the government and not just only the rulers. But people should be able to propose general guidelines that should be put to vote by the general population. Then may exists state offices responsible for receiving the general guidelines that make civil organizations and individuals, for purposes that are subsequently submitted for approval or disapproval of the general population through electronic voting. These mechanisms would be put to vote by electronic technologies, which should be easy to implement mechanisms such as when you enter in Internet to a web page and answer a short survey indicating personal preferences around a favorite color, a favorite food, etc. But be careful and not manipulate the shape of drafting general guidelines (laws, regulations, etc.) For the purpose of not inducing or deceive the public to vote for some guideline confusing or ambiguous (of double interpretation), and so tricked will be issued to give an open letter to the government to do what the rulers want about a particular topic. A government should not do what the rulers want, but to do what the people want.

In this text i called general guideline, an overview of a particular issue, or any regulation of short writing, that does not require ample time for analysis. This general guideline will provide a basis for the government and the legislature drafted laws that respect the general ideas that encloses the aforementioned general guideline. This is to respect an idea adopted by the population, when the legislators proceed to draft laws and any legal element. All decisions approved by the general population by electronic vote, have to be supreme over all laws, regulations or existing constitution. Therefore, the relevant guidelines, laws, regulations, etc., that have the approval of at least 50% of the citizens plus one vote, will have general and superior to any constitution, law or regulation of any legal element there existing previously. So we create a new legal element: everything that people votes is supreme to any other pre-existing legal element. The reason for this is simple: the decisions taken by the majority of citizens are by nature more important than any written constitution in a piece of paper, that any law, or any other legal element. Power belongs to citizens, and not belongs to a piece of paper with words written on it. Constitutions, laws and regulations exist in the service of citizens, to organize their lives and achieve an appropriate balance for harmonious coexistence in society. It is not the people who serve the constitution, laws or other legal elements. Therefore constitutions and other legal elements must have less value than the general guidelines and other decisions emerged of citizenship by voting. Such a system implies that the general population has to participate dynamically, in the process of building societies and government processes that affecting them. The role of citizens should not be limited to the simple fact of choosing rulers, but also should be empowered to propose general guidelines, the power to approve and reject laws and other legal elements, and submit any proposal to be approved by other citizens. Citizens must also have efficient mechanisms to make laws, constitutional amendments, regulations and other legal elements, and to submit them to a voting process for approval by the public. Moreover, the parliament of a particular country or State should be able to propose general guidelines, laws and other legal elements, which would be submitted for approval or disapproval by the people. The most important laws that are of general interest, either for reasons of sovereignty, or affecting issues such as health or homeland security or the economy or education, must necessarily be subject to the approval of by least most of the general population, once they are written by the country's parliament. This form of participation generates a true democracy, and prevents largely the accumulation of power by rulers, businessman and minority groups, which usually bear the accumulation of power to subdue most of the population, with the sole order to satisfy the interests of the elite minority to which they belong, achieved by buying the votes of corrupt legislators that abound in the various countries. The following chapters describe in more detail, the characteristics of innovative electoral system, akin to a true participatory democracy.

CHAPTER 5 NEW participatory democracies. THE POWER IN THE HANDS OF THE PEOPLE

All democratic organizations All social organizations should be democratic, but as mentioned in this book, democracy is not only to elect representatives. Each organization should have the opportunity to see represented the views and wishes of its members, in the actions and decisions taken by leaders of the organization. The members of social organizations, civic associations, trade unions, political parties, etc., should have the opportunity to choose the guidelines of the organization to which they belong, voting in a democratic way these guidelines. A General guideline will be for example an idea, a goal or objective, a process, a brief regulation, a plan of action, etcetera. For example, if an association of education workers wants to do a work stoppage for any reason, all members of that association should have the opportunity to vote, and approve or disapprove such action. If a workers organization wants to demand the increasing unconditional of the 10% of all salaries, this proposed should be voting by its members, to approve or disapprove such action. And this vote should have the option of involving all workers members to express their approval or disapproval of any action or proposal. Not be allowed in any organization that the biggest decisions that affect the majority of organization members; will be taken by a few people. In contrast, major decisions and guidelines for action and functioning of organizations, must have the approval of the majority of the members of every social organization (50% plus one vote of the members of the organization). It is also necessary that every person will expose their own ideas, goals or suggestions on any matter that may be of interest, and make the remainder of the organization will analyze and consider that idea, goal, suggestion, etc. Any social organization must have a structure to collect the ideas proposed by its members and submit them for consideration by all members of the social group. All members of every social organization must vote for approval or disapproval of the ideas proposed by members. There should be no "filters" that prevent certain ideas are offered for consideration and vote for possible adoption by the totality of each social organization. For example if a person wishes to make a convocation in advance to consider election of authorities of certain workers' union, and although this option is not provided in the statutes of the guild, should be any way considering by all members of the workers union, just because of that proposal arise from an individual or small group of individuals. In this case, assume that a workers union has 10,000 people including affiliates; and one affiliate for various reasons thought the authorities have to be replaced by new authorities. So is enough such that 1% of the members, in example 100 people expressing an interest to make a convocation in advance to elect new authorities; to convene all 10,000 members to participate in a voting process, where should pronounce in favor or against the so-called early elections for new authorities. The motion to call an election of new authorities of the workers union could only be approved if it has 50% plus one vote, of the 10,000 members of the association; always in reference to the example cited. Obviously the same proposal could not be repeated at any time, but should expect a reasonable period of time, for example one year to resubmit a proposal of similar characteristics. In every organization there must be some kind of structure to summarize and write clearly raise proposals seeking individuals for consideration and possible approval vote of the remainder members. Any organization of any kind whatsoever should facilitate access to changing structures and leaders of the organization, with the condition at least the majority of individuals of the organization vote in favor of that motion. Only a true democracy, provides an easy access to the change of leaders and representatives. Only a true democracy promotes easy access to changing social and organizational structures, and changing the constitution, laws and regulations in a dynamic and continuous, all this provided there is at least exist the approval of the majority of the population involved in a particular social structure. By contrast the false democracies are those that make it difficult to change its authorities, constitutions, laws and regulations, and difficult the participation of its members in the dynamics of change, the wording of the proposed change, and turnout in the election and approval of proposals for major change.

HOW TO APPLY A PARTICIPATORY ELECTORAL SYSTEM, IN A COUNTRY LIKE URUGUAY? Suppose that in a country like Uruguay, various social organizations wish to bring to the attention of the general population, various proposals to be voted by the totality of citizens, and should be valued by the government and society. Some of these proposals by the initiative of various organizations (such as political parties, workers unions, trade associations, associations of retired people, etc.), to be considered and voted by the entire population of Uruguay, could be: * The government must ensure that all people have access to adequate housing regardless of their social and economic status. Government will have to work and make all the possible to realize the above. (This is not being voted as a law or article of the constitution itself, but it is an idea or guideline that legislators will convert in one or more laws, regulations and actions, in the near future). It should be remembered and repeated, that the proposals voted on this form in a democratic participation, not only involves the adoption of laws or legal elements in particular, but also implies the adoption of general guidelines of government, which are subject to approval or disapproval by general population, in order to be transformed after that into specific legal form, to be complied by the current government under relevant actions. * Make anticipated elections for members of the legislature and executive power, including President and Vice President. The deadline for setting the election shall be one year from the approval of this proposal. (Here the government should set national elections soon, within a period approved by the general population). If the general population chooses this proposal and although the laws and constitution do not provide the type of calling early elections, just as the opinion should be respected and election of the general population have to be made. And this have to be in that way because the general population desires, should be more important than any constitution, law or regulation written on a piece of paper; the opinion and desires of the people should be above any previously established legal system. Any action arising out of a voting process with the approval of the people; will have higher relevance than any existing legal element. It is required that all elements voted have 50% plus one vote for approval, on 100% of voters entitled to vote. * Public and private education must have the highest quality and should be required to students to obtain the fundamental knowledge to develop in society, and provide every possible resources to overcome the difficulties in the learning process to succeed as students. (Here we propose a commitment to government and institutional actors, that students are not just statistics where what matters is the number of graduates of a course, but upon graduation that matters is having the knowledge necessary for their development in society. Students will always have extra support provided by the government, to overcome the difficulties that arise in the learning process). In this case again, the goal is that the general population will consider and vote, about a general guideline that the government should be required to fulfill. * Perform a progressive decrease in the number of troops and prevent further recruitment of staff related to the fulfillment of functions related to the military. * Spend 0.5% of the financial budget of the Republic to the military expenditures, and 6% for public education at various levels, * Reduce the VAT (value added tax) from 22% to 16%. This measure may be rescinded if there is a dramatic decrease in tax revenues due to this change in the tax rate. For the annulment of this measure, the President of the Tax Office should explain publicly the reasons considered for cancellation, and shall call the general population to participate in a voting process to approve or disapprove such cancellation. Here only a few examples about general guidelines that a social organization of any kind, can be submit for consideration and vote by the popular sectors involved. As can be seen, the set of general guidelines only have a few lines, and the wording is easy to understand for anyone without that should be taken specific legal knowledge on the subject to vote. Later connoisseurs legal formalities, shall be made into laws, regulations, etc., the general guidelines adopted by the population, as appropriate, the parliament must endorse the new legal essays.

In this case are illustrated some examples of general guidelines that the general population could vote to force the government to comply. The idea is that any sector of the general population will draw up general guidelines, laws and regulations, and then force a vote by the general population. The general population should agree to what was voted on, causing the government to undertake all actions necessary for the faithful performance of the citizens choice. All social organizations should be allowed its members have the ability to write general guidelines and other laws, to be voted by the rest of the members of social organization. The authorities of all social organization, have to comply faithfully with the will arose from inside his own organization, through the electoral process. NEW PARTICIPATORY DEMOCRACY People must decide whether to make their own decisions in their lives, or continue letting people in government decide the important aspects of life without consulting them. As seen, democracy has been back in time and has only been transformed into a circle where citizens are limited to participate in a sham democracy through the election of authorities by voting whom are members of a government. In general people do not known what are going to do certain government, on key issues governing the lives of people, such as issues related to freedom, work, health, internal security, economy, housing, education, etc. The processes of a country are dynamic so you always have to make decisions on the way, on unexpected aspects. In most cases the governmental decisions were not contemplated when the people chose their leaders, and less were taken the views of minorities. For example, a government can take a measure such as increasing the retirement age, after an economic crisis, or freeze wages or to increase taxes and so forth. But the general public is not consulted on these issues, and that once determined was voted and elected president, he generally enjoys a wide freedom of action and can take steps that may not be shared by the majority of the population, anti-popular actions, that in fact if there will be a voting system, people would probably vote against such unpopular actions. Therefore democracy is now a system where people do not take the big decisions, and instead are limited to only choose leaders who can then take actions that go against the popular desires. Then as mentioned above, it is necessary to build a new system of government that gives the greatest opportunity for citizens to express themselves, and to choose the direction of society. People must choose by voting the most important aspects that have to do with the government of a particular social structure, such as an entire country or any other organization. This is not to start making electoral acts to referendums, three-member board, voting papers, voting records, security personnel to guard a voting box, physical places of voting. All this is now somewhat dated, which causes high costs for the economy of a country, limits the number of electoral acts can query on any aspect of the general population. It is necessary to redefine democracy and voting acts by a single electoral system that makes use of new technologies of information and communication network, using computers and the internet as a basic platform, with security systems like SSL type (Secure Sockets Layer, a system that provides security in transfer of data in INTERNET), similar to those systems used by banks or credit cards for online purchases via the Internet, or make bank transfers from homes, or any other electronic activity as safely as possible. The idea is to have a platform on the Internet, a website through which people can enter, and for voting online. Each person would have a unique identification code that allows you to enter the internet through online voting platform (online), either from your own home or from booths similar to ATMs located in strategic cities. With this key advance electronic internet, every citizen will have access to a platform where you will find the various initiatives to vote, and you can choose and vote for the choices you can see fit regarding any particular matter. Also this system should have a controller, where once the vote, the person can see if your vote appears correctly registered on the platform, while respecting the anonymity of the vote. Below is an example of the likely look of the website to enter in this voting system, where each person to access the system, you must provide your personal ID and password:

ELECTRONIC VOTING FORM User: 42460652 Name: Pablo Nicols Nez Cambon Instructions: On each ballot item (numbered), select the desired option by clicking on the checkbox 1) Repeal the text of Law No. 35467 (The user must have studied the text of law previously) a. Pros b. Against c. Abstention 2) Maintain criminal records of people up of 16 years old, al people up of 16 years old may be tried and sentenced as an adult anyone from that age. The judge will review the criminal charged when the criminal comply 18-year-old, and will decide to maintain the sentences imposed for the offense, depending on the seriousness of each offense and offender characteristics. a. Pros b. Against c. Abstention 3) Subscribe a multinational agreement, by which it is believed an international organization (UNASUR), responsible for drafting laws and laws without consulting the citizens of each country, losing the citizenship of each country, and creating an international government that is hierarchically above governments in each country a. Pros b. Against c. Abstention 4)

Remove the President of the Republic, and make a call early national elections, of all National Representatives (Deputies, Senators, President and Vice President) a. Pros b. Against c. Abstention Access to this system of voting may be done by using the Internet computer network, even from the homes of individuals. However, we must consider that not all citizens have access to an electronic voting system with these characteristics, using the Internet from home, either because they do not have a pc and internet connection, or because they can not connect to the Internet network or because they have difficulty using the electronic system. So there need to be voting booths similar to bank ATMs, placed in strategic areas of the main towns of the country. There the people by using a personal code and a magnetic card, can access the electoral system and will vote electronically. Also will be a special consideration for people with particular constraints, there should be offices that serve people with difficulty voting electronically, and assist them throughout the voting process, while respecting the secrecy of ballot. Each voting process is not performed in one day, but for the convenience of citizens can be done over a month, 24 hours a day, because the electronic system must operate continuously through the electronic network INTERNET. It will be a condition that one month prior to the closing of the electoral process, be published items that will be capable to a vote, so people analyze the contents thereof (whether they are voted general guidelines, laws, regulations, etc. .). You can enable the vote since the day they are published the items that will be voted (i.e. the relevant guidelines, laws, regulations, etc.) and the voting period will extend over a month. The vote would then be a monthly process, where people once they have studied that which will be voted, they could vote at any time in the following ways: 1) By electronic voting, through an internet connection from home of people or from another location, by prior access to an electronic platform by entering a unique key for every citizen. The state may provide modems, or wireless internet service with free access to the platform used only for electoral activities, if people do not have private Internet connection. 2) By electronic voting using electronic booths installed in strategic locations in different parts of major cities. These electronic booths will look similar to ATMs, and the citizen must enter a digital key and use a magnetic card to access the system. 3) By e-voting using internet at the electoral offices of the state, designed to transmit the vote of the people who have difficulty accessing the system via the two methods mentioned above. In the case of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay, this function could fulfill the electoral court in each region.

CHAPTER 6

THE CHALLENGES PARTICIPATORY DEMOCRACY

OF

PROGRESS AGAINST DEMOCRACY There will be those who think that a "too democratic" government can waste initiatives that will reduce de grow over of the country's economy, or in any way impede "progress of society" because invest too much time waiting for decisions of the population, or say that the general population is not able to make a choice of the most fundamental aspects of the development of a country. However the general population of any geographic region has a natural right to choose their own destiny, with no small elites like the Masons, or groups of business and social elites enriched economically, or any other elite organization capable choose for themselves the destiny of the general population. On the other hand a people to choose their destiny through a participatory voting system like the one mentioned in this book should be responsible for any consequences arising from their choices and actions, whether you finally get good or bad fruits, remembering always that decisions can be changed by new instances of popular vote. SOME OF THE PROBLEMS OF PARTICIPATORY DEMOCRACY One of the biggest challenges of participatory democracy, is the choice of general ideas (general guidelines), the laws, regulations, or other legal elements shall be voted by the general population or social groups. Another major problem that can present this participatory democratic system, it is to determine who shall prepare and propose what are the general guidelines, which are the general ideas or macro, and what laws are submitted to the vote of the general population. As an example I will propose some possible solutions in the next chapter, although as warned, all the above in this book need not be as herein specified, or be considered true or valid, but only about ideas, which may have errors or certainties, and that improvement is always possible.

CHAPTER 7

CHARACTERISTICS OF A NEW ELECTORAL SYSTEM

ELECTORAL PROCESS - GENERAL GUIDELINES - LAWS In this chapter we mention some features of an electoral system, applied to the processes of government of a country like Uruguay. Every social organization, may submit proposals for consideration by the rest of the population, and voted; that proposals will be for example laws, or regulations, or constitutional amendments, for the purpose of proceeding to a vote for approval or disapproval thereof by the public. One way to do it, is that every year each organization or group of social organizations, has a quota, in example a maximum number of ballot measures that may bring to the analysis of the rest of the population, to proceed to the vote. These ballot propositions arising from within the social organizations may include as mentioned in: general guidelines to be followed by the government, laws, regulations, constitutional reforms, etc. When I say social organization, means a group of people organized, and formally constituted as: a guild of workers, a religious group, an association of merchants, an association of retirees, etc. Each organization may draw social constituency nominations and voting by the rest of the population for subsequent compliance by the government. The quotas would be granted annually and distributed among the various social organizations. For example you could spend a maximum of 60 proposals per year, which would be distributed among the various social organizations registered in a national registry for this purpose. That means that all social organizations in the country can only be as a whole and over a year, rising to 60 ballot propositions to be voted by the public. To accomplish this, there must be a National Electoral Office in the Country (in Uruguay could be the Electoral Court), which established a list of the organizations authorized to dispose of the 60 seats available for ballot proposals. The National Electoral Office will establish how many affiliated people must have each social organization to be granted a quota, to the effects that social organization can call a vote to the electorate on a law, a general guideline of government, or other legal element. Should not be allowed there are people affiliated with more than one social organization, to avoid duplicate votes and ballot propositions. Be awarded annually at least a quota for each organization to the effects that one proposal is raised to the rest of the population, and is subject to the voting process. The total proposed electoral quota would be divided proportionately among organizations, or as needed.

How said is necessary to establish a minimum social members of each organization, so that they shape the national register of social organizations, in order to avoid the existence of a large number of them. If there are social organizations with a small number of members, may merge with other organizations on the National Register, for guaranty a quote. As mentioned above, there should be prevented people enrolled in more than a social organization simultaneously, in order to avoid conflicts of interest, and the multiplication of ballot propositions. For this purpose every social organization, shall submit to the National Electoral Office, a list with its members, by crossing those that appear in more than one organization simultaneously. The legislators of the political parties will also have an electoral quota of 120 proposals per year, which may include general guidelines, legislation or other legal elements, for consideration and vote by the general population. These proposals will be distributed proportionally, according to the number of representatives held by each political party in the legislature (i.e. by the number of deputies and senators, in the case of Uruguay).

ELECTION PROPOSALS OF INDIVIDUAL CITIZENS There will also be an electoral quota of 60 proposals per year, in order that any individual citizen can propose their election (general guideline of government, law, regulation, constitutional reform, legal or other species) to be voted by of the general population. For a general idea or ballot measure, be voted on by the electorate, as a result of the proposal arising from a single citizen, who must submit a support of a number of citizens to her proposal. For example in the case of Uruguay, may be requested at least 30,000 people (about 1% of full citizenship) to support and adhere to the proposal resulting from citizen. When you get that amount of adhesions, then we can vote on the proposal of the citizen, for consideration by the general population. The accession of citizens to a ballot measure that emerged from a single person may be made by electronic means or by recording accessions in paper format. That means you have a digital system on the Internet, through which people can read the proposals from the citizens, later that same website, proceed to declare its support for the ballot in question. Alternatively you can collect the accessions of citizenship to a citizen's ballot, by paper form established by the National Electoral Court of the country. However, to avoid confusion, you cannot collect accessions to the same ballot measure simultaneously in paper and electronic format. Once the requisite number of accessions to raise a ballot and submit it to the rest of the electorate voting, the National Electoral Office in the country, set the date of the vote, and appropriately publish the ballot for the purpose of being properly studied by the general population. Only them the general population will vote and make choices about the ballot measure raised by each individual citizen.

ON ELECTION PROPOSALS Nomination lists may include not only general guidelines to be met by a government, but also in laws organized into chapters and articles, proposals for cancellation of previously existing laws and constitutional reforms, or other regulations or legal elements; to the effects of a vote by the electorate. These laws and other legal elements, must be easily written and not to mention other laws or legal factors not detailed, and should have a limit on the number of characters that are (total of letters, spaces and symbols), for the purposes so they not overwhelm people with an extensive study of the same prior to the time of proceeding to the monthly vote.

Monthly people will vote a maximum of 20 ballot propositions, which may consist of general guidelines to be met by the government, laws, regulations, constitutional amendment, or other legal elements. 50% of the ballot propositions correspond to initiatives arising from the parliament, and 50% to proposals arising from social organizations and particular citizens. All ballot propositions, shall be published prior to the commencement of voting, on websites on the internet and on paper in offices and other places to be established properly, to the effect that every citizen can access the contents of the proposals to be submitted vote. Voting will run for an entire month from the publication of more than 20 ballot propositions monthly by the National Electoral Office.

CHAPTER 8

THE BACKGROUND, THEY DO TO MODIFY THE ESSENCE OF POLITICAL PARTIES

Inherited POWER AS KINGS IN THEIR KINGDOMS In these representative democracies; that do not represent anyone just only a small ruling elite, it is common to inherit the positions in the governments of the countries. These legacies are not coincidence, there is not a special type of genes that convert people of the same families in government positions of countries, but it is a tradition in the handling of the ways to gain power, it is the restricting access to power within political parties and it the manipulation of the voting process what always convert the same people who come to power. There are those who dominate and take over the mechanisms leading to the appointment of persons to be the authorities of a particular political party to run for legislators or presidents. There are not genes of a family, who happened to have led them to integrate representation in legislative and executive government, parents, sons, uncles, cousins, grandparents, etc. of the same family, but that is the control of political parties by those families, what has made this people being repeated in the integration of political office. Examples of political office holders with inherited surnames are mentioned: Wilson Sanabria (Senator of the Republic of Uruguay in the period: 1995 - 2005) - Francisco Sanabria, son of Wilson Sanabria (Legislator Department, Eastern Republic of Uruguay for the period: 2010 - 2015) Juan Maria Bordaberry (President of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay in the period: 1972 - 1976) - Juan Pedro Herran Bordaberry, son of Juan Maria Bordaberry (Senator of the Republic of Uruguay for the period: 2010 - 2015) Jorge Batlle Ibez (President of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay in the period: 2000 - 2005) - Luis Batlle Berres, father of Jorge Batlle Ibez (President of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay in the period: 1947 - 1951) - Jos Batlle y Ordez uncle of Jorge Batlle Ibez (President of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay in the periods: 1903 to 1907 and 1911 - 1915). Rafael Michelini Delle Piane (Senator of the Republic of Uruguay for the period: 1995 - 2015) - Zelmar Michelini, father of Rafael Michelini Delle Piane (Member of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay in the period: 1954 - 1967). Luis Alberto Lacalle de Herrera (President of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay in the period: 1990 - 1995) - Luis Alberto Lacalle Pou, son of Luis Alberto Lacalle de Herrera (Representative of the Republic for the period 2000 - 2010) - Luis Alberto de Herrera, Bis grandfather of Luis Alberto Lacalle de Herrera (Deputy and Senator of the Republic of Uruguay in the early twentieth century) Due to circumstances that lead to the fact that political parties and other social organizations are dominated by the same people from families with a thirst for perpetuity, it is necessary that organizations have different operating systems to prevent the accumulation of power by certain

individuals, families, secret lodges like the Masons, or other structures established in order to maintain power in few hands, instead of democratizing access to it.

CHAPTER 9

NEW FORMS OF POLITICAL PARTIES

OPERATION OF POLITICAL PARTIES AND SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONS Any social organization of any kind must ensure the maximum participation of its members and the greater capacity to influence decision making within the organization to which it belongs. This requires that social organizations, be they political parties, unions, etc.., Possess certain characteristics in its operation, to ensure the participation of its members, and prevent the accumulation of power in the hands of a few individuals. Do not ignore the fact that every society will have its leaders and authorities, as it is always necessary for someone to fulfill that role on a temporary basis. The first step in building an organization is to ensure free access to positions involving the exercise of authority. And it is necessary to avoid concentration of power in the hands of a few people, and prevent repeated ensure access to the exercise of authority, whether occupying "the usual" positions of authority, or by the the designation of individuals who are their pimps. To begin to ensure free access to positions of power in organizations, allow him to run any member of the organization, as a candidate for president, or any other position of authority within the organization. It should not be necessary to have prior approval from anyone to a member of a political party (or other social organization), is a candidate for the presidency or any position of authority within the organization. Only enough to be affiliated with the organization. CHOOSING THE AUTHORITIES OF ORGANIZATIONS In this case I will mention an example applied to any political party. First ballot: There must be a first instance where stakeholders indicated their intention to be candidates for the presidency such political party (or other social organization). Simply belong to a political party to run for a nomination. All political party members elect (by voting), which of the candidates they prefer. In this instance, prohibit the conduct of advertising media, or in any advertising medium, the sole permitted exposure of the main proposals of government and ideas of the candidates for example, web sites, or in paper form at specific locations available to the public. The ban on using media or other advertising methods is to prevent that "pay more" or who hires the "best publicist" wins the election. Any act involving access election to a position of power in an organization, must ensure that the person who reaches that position, then under the proposals and ideas which expose it to other members of the organization and should avoid being misleading advertising or money from the candidate, which he favors the election time. Therefore it is necessary to prevent the use of advertising mechanisms to promote the various candidates, so that everyone has equal footing. The election authorities in any social organization, not the advertisers should be able to win, but the proposals of the candidates. That's why it should prevent the use of advertising unless the advertising is identical for all parties involved. Second instance of voting: There will be a second election through electronic voting instance, among the 100 leading candidates as a result of the first instance. Here also prohibit the use of any advertising, except that advertising is identical for all parties involved. Third instance of vote: Among the 10 leading candidates in the second instance, there will be a final vote. Could be allowed here only the use of advertising provided that the following conditions: i) be addressed in the same amount of money or the same amount of advertising space to all candidates, ii)

only illustrating the proposals and ideas candidates in advertising. It should prohibit the use of misleading advertising, as the campaign jingles, advertising slogans, or other advertising not only expose the proposals of the various candidates. They should be punished with the low of his candidacy, those who breach these conditions.

DEMOCRACY IN ORGANIZATIONS The different social organizations (political parties, trade unions, civil associations and trade in general, etc..), Need to act in the most democratic way possible, ie, should allow its members the greatest capacity for participation and influence in jacks making within the organization. This and similar to the one that should govern a country in a participatory democracy, the members of each organization will have the opportunity to nominate and elect the general guidelines of your organization on a monthly basis, nominate and elect by electronic voting actions and regulations that directly affect the functioning of the organization. Each individual may for example in the case of political parties, make proposals to government programs for the purpose of submitting to the approval of other members of the political party or social organization. In general all social organization registered with the National Electoral Office (The Electoral Court in the case of Uruguay) may submit ballot propositions to be voted by all citizens of the country, as mentioned in previous chapters, the purpose of compliance by the national government and the rest of the citizenry. But every social organization, before raising his ballot to the National Electoral Office to integrate it into an act of national vote, must vote on the ballot previously internal to be approved by a majority of the members of social organization; must be able to participate all of its affiliates in the electoral process, and must already exist a space for discussion and participation in the development of the ballot propositions.

CHAPTER 10

CHARACTERISTICS OF ELECTIONS OF THE GOVERNING BODY OF A COUNTRY

ON THE ELECTION OF THE PRESIDENT OF A COUNTRY AND OTHER AUTHORITIES As a fundamental principle, advertising can not win the electoral acts of the rulers of a country or region. Is the use of reason and thoughtful analysis of proposed government, which must decide the choice of candidates to rule. Should be limited so any publicity event that makes use of the unconscious psychology of people, and manipulation of the electorate by deceptive stratagems such as subliminal messages, the jingles, the campaign slogan, etc.. To do this, when carrying out a campaign, should be permitted only to advertise with the specific proposals of candidates for governors and how they plan to achieve your goals.

Important that the state would create a national fund for the advertising of political parties, which will be divided equally among the political parties that own more than 10% of citizens of the country affiliated with their political party. Are prohibited from using funds other source whatever, for electoral advertising. Also prohibit other types of contributions by citizens, businesses or persons for the purpose of contributing to the party political broadcast advertising. This is for the purpose of preventing opportunistic business groups, contribute money or other items to favor one candidate or particular political party. For example in the case of Uruguay, one might have items of $ 500 000 each, for each party that has at least 10% of voters affiliated with their ranks (that is, exist in Uruguay, currently three political parties mostly representative). Political parties that have less than 10% of people affiliated with that political party will not receive any input from the state. But before the election of government officials, will raise funds for the election of governors, to the limit of $ 500,000 (a figure identical to that given to the parties that if they have that 10% of the public members to its ranks .) That amount of money collected shall be deposited in a bank account controlled by the State, and may only use these funds for election advertising, according to the conditions stated above. Finally, citizens may allow independent candidates not belonging to any political party. These citizens may apply for Presidents of the republic together with a Vice President may also run for Congress or Senate or other legislative office, provided that they submit an application regarding its membership, greater than or equal to 1% of citizens entitled to vote, through signatures on paper or digital accessions. Citizens who adhere to the independent candidacy of a citizen may not be affiliated with any political party. The state will not provide funding to these independent candidates, but they require the same in financial matters, that the political parties that have less than 10% of citizen members to their ranks. CHAPTER 11 THE ROLE OF EDUCATION IN A FREE AND DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY

EDUCATION: A PATH TO FREEDOM As part of the education received, every human being should have the opportunity to meet also, to know the progress in studies of human nature as rational and irrational social, biological and psychological. It is a necessity that everyone knows aspects of psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, history, and other fields of knowledge, all of which allows to understand how your mind works, what are the processes that produce and guide their thoughts and feelings; and how this influences their decision-making processes at the individual and collective. And not only in knowing about knowing, but knowing as a way to be free, free to make decisions, free to think as much information available. Love to information should be cultivated, instead of hatred to know the unknown, because it takes work and can "boring". Knowing the mental processes that lead to produce the knowledge and lead to decisions in life, you can allow people to have enough information to make better decisions, and also to avoid being manipulated by those who know of psychology and human behavior and make use of that information to manipulate the behavior of societies in order to maintain power over people and make a profit for themselves, based on the ignorance of unsuspecting individuals to the manipulative tactics. People should be educated from youth in the art of rhetoric and dialectic, to learn to interpret the information and statements, and understand the messages that contains the information we received, that the effects of having more freedom and knowledge to when making decisions and acquire certain position in any situation. Know about rhetoric and dialectic to understand the truth or lie hidden behind the discourses issued by people, and reveals the true intentions hide who express their ideas. Knowledge of dialectic and rhetoric, is a way to achieve freedom of thought of people. These techniques of dialectic and rhetoric, as are mostly used by groups in power to persuade and manipulate people.

If one person dominates dialectic and rhetoric, can defend a greater extent, of those who seek to manipulate their lives, such as small power groups exist in societies, powerful corporations, the Masonic lodges, and all those with a thirst for power . Know about psychology, rhetoric, dialectic, and other fields of knowledge are an essential foundation for achieving a high degree of freedom, and reduce the possibility that certain groups of people now in power, continue to possess such power, because the manipulation have on unsuspecting people who, being ignorant are easily manipulated, similar to a herd of sheep led to slaughter by their pastor.

Democratization OF THE INFORMATION, THE FUNCTIONAL LITERACY AND FREEDOM OF OPPORTUNITIES What good is to democratize access to information if people do not know how to analyze this information and question, as well as through a process of critical reasoning and objectively? As an example, I cite the popular Ceibal plan applied in Uruguay, where many public school students have been "given" a XO2 laptop with Internet connectivity in some areas of cities. These children have access to much information through the laptops, but only with access to information is not enough. Is not sufficient to have access to information. Perhaps most important is not access to the multitude of information available, but the important thing is to learn to analyze, decode, understand the processes and messages hidden in each information which is accessed. As a teacher of students (aged 12 and older) first-year basic cycle of secondary education in Uruguay, I had in my classroom students have received their laptop, and I've noticed that many are unable to understand what is written in a text, some even can not read fluently, that is functionally illiterate who only know how to pronounce the syllables roughly (read monosyllabic, where they read syllable by syllable with difficulty, and low flow), but are unable to understand a text content. They are therefore unable to understand information, to establish what information is true, what information comes from a reliable source, they are unable to criticize and reason the information they receive. Having a laptop, and free access to multiple information does not imply that it is understood the information received or being prepared for analysis and classification. In short, today reigns in a significant number of students, functional illiteracy, functional illiteracy understood as the inability of students to use their limited ability to read and write, so that is useful and efficient for situations must face in their lives.

But what's so bad that there are still large groups of children, who barely know the words that read, and have only minimal ability to understand what they read? Quite simply, these students can only with difficulty pronounce words and understand simple written messages at best and easy to interpret. But when it comes to message difficult analysis can not understand, and indeed hardly able to analyze and understand any life event that results from medium and high complexity.

This makes them vulnerable to being easily manipulated by those small groups of power that dominate society. And not only that, but also the low reading skills of children, they prevent future access to university courses or careers that involve a higher degree of reasoning with respect to the information they should receive. A functionally illiterate child, growing up can not solve tasks of everyday life, and will have difficulties in matters as simple as making an application for a job, to understand a contract, to follow certain instructions in writing, read and understand an article in a journal , understand and interpret the discourses issued by people such as those issued by the political speeches. It is also known by sociologists, that if you are functionally illiterate or have a poor educational background, it is more likely to have low-wage jobs when they reach adulthood, which determined that these people are in Class poorer social. There is nothing greater than the love of a mother for her child. And if a mother or father love their children, will work and will do everything possible for them to learn to read, but not just the words, but also to understand what they read, and having an awareness of the information receiving, analyzing the accuracy of the information, and know how to use it to their lives. It is a falsehood to say that if a child gets a laptop, your education will be. I am sure that in Uruguay, decades ago, children learned to read and understand the information better than they do today many students with new technologies. Having the ability to understand and analyze the information, allowing people to be free, to act freely, without anyone to impose ideas or values. Can be chosen freely, one can discern, you can tell if something is true or not can be independent. As written in the Christian Bible: "... know the truth, and the truth shall make you free" (Luke 21:20) Only each individual can see the truth of things, nobody can show you the truth. But to see the truth, to recognize the truth when it is pronounced, it is necessary to have sufficient analytical capacity, which arises from a quality education. Functional illiterates arising from this educational system, will eventually generate the social reproduction of poverty, and create a group of people so easily manipulated by small groups of society, who exercise power over the masses since time immemorial. Through quality education, and as John F. Former President Kennedy of the United States of America, "man, is that for which it was created: free and independent." (John F. Kennedy - Address: "The President and the Press" - April 27, 1961)

EDUCATION, THE MEANS TO TRANSFORM SOCIETY Education is the means of transforming the culture of society. Is education the best way to bring about changes in thought and customs of the people. It is not imposed, but to show new ways, promoting freedom of thought and choice of life paths. An educated person, you know math, Spanish, foreign language, science, art, history, politics, law, dialectic and rhetoric, and all that knowledge that is enriching, may at its now free to choose which career or profession to study, to perform such as worker and productive society. But to become a

productive individual for a company to gain at the expense of their work, but to become an individual to produce welfare for the rest of society and to himself. Quality education should be a priority, and should not be converted to teaching in a mere process of socialization and entertainment or day care of children and adolescents, as promoted by certain current educational authorities. Every child and adolescent, whatever their social and economic background, should be able to read properly, speak properly, have basic math to life in society, have basic knowledge of science, have basic knowledge of law and legislation, have high level knowledge in their native language and another language of international concern (English for example), have basic knowledge in the arts and other fields of knowledge that will allow them to analyze social realities in which it is immersed, and may question them and reflect on how exercise can change the future star when it reaches the conditions for being a citizen participation and decision making ability in the electoral process. I could not conceive an education equal to those who are different because they come from different social, economic and family. Must meet in special groups, those students who have learning difficulties, in order that all may attain a reasonable level of excellence in education. It is unacceptable that some authorities continue to promote and threatening teachers and teacher educators, to promote this year or grade to students, in order that they obtain a simple title to complete primary education or full secondary education, when students really do not have the basic knowledge to perform successfully in the field of society. Students who lack basic skills to complete their primary and secondary education (primary and secondary) can not freely choose to study as a future profession or trade, because they do not have the basic knowledge to enable it to succeed. So you can not remain complicit in what many education authorities and in many cases suggest ordering through intimidation, and I mean that teachers promote year or level of students, which do not have the minimum knowledge . An Inspector of Secondary Education (person in charge of supervising teachers in Uruguay) said once the students basic cycle of secondary school (high school), have to pass this year, because the basic instruction cycle is required. Another inspector said that students in the basic cycle of secondary education was enough to learn to say hello and have a respectful behavior, that it had to settle for, and played down the knowledge they could acquire. Another inspector insisted that if a student did not learn certain subject, no matter, because at some point in their lives learn that knowledge. There are corrupt officials in the education systems that first thing they do when they visit a class is to check how many students have a score of promoting progress, no matter if they really have the knowledge necessary to pass a course and to develop successfully in society. In fact, these same authorities persecute and criticize educators who require "too much" level of knowledge to their students. In Uruguay there is no general and standardized testing, to assess national-level quality of knowledge acquired by students at the end of each level of formal education. The only thing that matters to the authorities, is the level of approval and passage of the various degree courses offered at the public level, regardless of the quality of the knowledge acquired at the end. It is necessary that the quality of education acquired at the end of the studies, is the highest possible level, the state must provide all the necessary elements to meet the requirements of students to achieve these educational goals, according to the particularities of each individual.

CHAPTER 12 THE DISTRIBUTION OF WEALTH FAIR, A HUMANITARIAN LAW

THE LOWER WAGES AND EXPLOITATION OF WORKERS IS NOT GUILTY OF BUSINESS, SOMEONE ELSE IS TO BLAME It is now fashionable to say in Uruguay, that the rich are richer because the poor, have poor education, blaming these salaries to public education institutions who attended the "poor". It seems that now mysteriously companies make millions, paid little for their employees because they do not have good education. This is simply a lie that tends to alienate people from the real problem, which is the low wages paid by companies in general, regardless of whether your earnings are raised. Who pays little to the workers is not the educational system, on the contrary who are the companies underpaid. An elementary school or a public high school is not responsible for paying the wages of a clerk in a company that earns millions of dollars a year, but nevertheless miseries pay their employees. While it is true that in general a well-educated person may have access to higher wages, this is not entirely true. Just investigate how college-educated professionals working in jobs that are poorly paid and have no knowledge regarding college, because they found work in the field of knowledge for which they studied. It is a simplistic view award the low wages paid at present in Uruguay with the fact that the population is largely poor quality education. Low wages in a growing economy, is largely a result of the actions of companies that maximize their profits by paying low wages. In general, low education of a person, not give them access to certain jobs related to their training, but his studies alone do not claim to have good salaries. If you work for a company is this that will pay high or low wages.

THE DISTRIBUTION OF WEALTH Recent publications in the press, indicate that 50% of the wealth generated in the country (Uruguay), are concentrated in only 20% of the population (figures have not changed between 2005 and 2010). Wealth is concentrated in a small number of individuals. There are also large studies in Uruguay about how income is distributed among employees, are known numbers, averages, statistics, and this is the basis for the current tax system called Uruguayan income tax (income tax of natural persons), which should be called tax employee. But little has been studied and researched on income and wealth accumulated by entrepreneurs, and in general by the wealthy to accumulate more and more wealth. The current tax system of Uruguay, based their collection on the wages of the workers, but does not levy based on the wealth accumulated by big business and economic groups, who have increased their wealth in astronomical figures. Uruguay does not exist in an income tax of individuals, but a tax on wages. No one questions how much he makes an entrepreneur, how many hundreds of thousands of dollars or many millions of dollars of annual profit obtained, and how much you pay tax on that gain. In fact employers generally pay no more tax percentage how much profit they get from their business. So make the most wealth, are less affected their pockets and bank accounts by the tax system currently applied in Uruguay. Is it time to ask how much each person gain obtained in Uruguay, and based on that gain to establish a tax system? He who earns more should pay more in taxes percentage, obviously, and he who earns just enough to make a decent living, not pay taxes. In summary, Uruguay currently has the most pay, pay more in tax rate and the one with lower wages pay less. This rules out the business, and economic elites who make millions and do not pay taxes according to their earnings. There is no research or statistics showing how much you earn each employer, how much money each person who integrates one or more corporations or companies, which have bulging bank accounts. Why no one has investigated the gain of those business owners and bulging bank accounts? You just have to consider who funds the political campaigns of those who govern us.

They are fried cakes (a type of traditional food in Uruguay) or bingos made in political committees, actions that raise millions of dollars to political campaigns, but are the same businessmen who then cuddle up to the candidates politicians themselves funded through financial contributions or other contributions, such as free advertising space in media. And once you have won the elections, political candidates now transformed into leaders must respond to the interests of those who financed their political campaigns that are actually those who govern us behind the anonymity. There are so many leaders who do not respond to the interests of the general population, but respond in principle to the interests of economic elites that financed them. That's why nobody has thought to mention the possibility of raising taxes on those earning millions of dollars from financial and business activities. What politician would go against who financed his political career? Only someone with a sense of social justice could do that, and not for the vast majority of politicians who supposedly represent the voters, but that does not really represent anyone but small elites that they financed their political careers. However, contrary to what they think the corrupt politicians who often act as leaders, entrepreneurs and millionaire upper class in each country (Uruguay in this case) are the ones who should pay taxes according to the riches they get with their activities. Entrepreneurs and economic groups should pay higher tax rate, the greater their profit. And the working class should see reduced or canceled direct taxes that affect the pocket, as is the case of personal income tax. Because wages in Uruguay actually have not increased in proportion to economic growth (discounting inflation) should be sought ways to increase the real wages of the population. This part of the money raised through taxes on earnings (or profits) of elite economic classes, millionaires and big business, you can dump on the wages of the general population. For example, if an employer is covered by the obligation to pay a tax of $ 100,000 over a period of one year, part of that money could "share" among employees of a certain economic sector, in order to increase the salary collected on real economic activity. It is therefore to spread among the workers, the profit made by companies and millionaires, as a most effective way to achieve real equality in the distribution of wealth among all those members of society. Here therefore proceeds through taxes to the business class and rich, would not go entirely to general revenues, to pay any matters of state, but part of the proceeds from these taxes would go directly to increase wages of workers. Such actions should be applied, because the business on your own, do not improve the wages of their employees, even though their businesses to achieve spectacular gains. And if a company distributes its huge profits among employees, is the government of the people who should be responsible to make a real distribution of wealth, with actions such as these. Employers who get more money, you pay more tax percentage, and the proceeds of such taxes, be distributed among workers. Because of the low wages paid to most of the population and until these amounts are of decent wages for workers, should always meet the increasing tendency for real wages is greater in percentage terms than the increase in GDP, and increased the profitability of companies with large profits. What has been mentioned, can be achieved through taxes on more enriched, and distributing the proceeds among the least access to the wealth produced. It is inconceivable in a framework of equitable distribution of wealth, that companies earn just have to pay the same taxes as those making millions. Therefore employers as having total earnings after a year of activity for example, will have to pay tax where they get more profit, more percentage of tax paid.

ACCESS TO HOUSING An issue related to the distribution of wealth is access to decent housing. In Uruguay, while a few people own many houses and real estate, a large percentage of the population lacks a self, and has many economic difficulties to get a decent place to stay. So for a long time, many people have completed dwelling houses poor, or have occupied land illegally to build their homes. It is commonly found in damp

homes Uruguay, which are rained or flooded, no sanitation, and constructed of materials unhealthy and precarious. A traditional system for people to economic resources means accessing your own home, has been to finance home purchases through mortgage loans, or sale of property loans at 15, 20 or more years later. But not many homes that are offered in these conditions, nor are many people who meet the eligibility requirements for such housing solutions, the conditions imposed by mortgage companies. So many people still lack access to safe housing and respectable living. It's not about building houses and give them to people, or offered at lower prices than its construction as to do so would end without having the resources to continue building new homes. It is necessary that people live in decent homes, but that does not necessarily in all cases, people become owners of their homes, but simply have the right to inhabit under certain conditions. It is common that there are people in the past did not have a home of their own, but after receiving help and funding from the government, ended after a time, taking several homes, putting and end to rent houses at high prices that live. So there are people who go from not having to have many houses, thereby leading to compliance with the cycle again where a high percentage of the population does not have a home ownership, decent housing or to inhabit. It is necessary to end the vicious cycle of accumulating properties. Governments do not have to ensure that citizens are homeowners. But if the government has a moral obligation to ensure that people dwell in decent housing, and there are no persons living on the streets or in precarious inhumane. One possible solution is to build state-owned housing, which would be offered to "loan" without an end to the needy population. Those who inhabit these homes will have to pay the state an affordable rental to their income, and not having income temporarily, may perform work for the state as a proxy for the amount of rent payable. These tasks should not be served in more than two days a week, meaning people who do not have to pay the rent, what tasks will compensate for the state meet, no more than two days a week. The rents of these homes on "loan" should be much lower than market rents, for example it could set a rent equivalent to one third of the minimum wage in Uruguay, which is currently hovering around the 6000 Uruguayan pesos, equivalent to $ 300 (to January 2011). These rents would then have a value greater than 2000 dollars and adjusted to the change in minimum wages for inflation. When setting rents so low, it could influence causing a general decline in rents set by other private owners. If a person who rents these houses in the state on loan, at some point build your own home, then you must leave your home state, which will be rented to another person without their own housing. So the fact of state-owned building houses to rent at a very low, allowing people without home ownership can save and build their own home in the future, while it downregulates the general rents , and allowed to hire new people move to the previous public housing tenants when they acquired their own homes. Moreover, the state and other companies can continue to finance the construction of homes financed in ways that are usually done, aimed at middle-class citizens who qualify for this form of real estate financing. In order to be able to raise money for the construction of new public housing in form of "loan" those citizens who have more than one property would have to pay an annual special tax, proportional to the price of the property which is not inhabited by the owner (eg a tax could be applied annually, equivalent to 1% of property value). If people have more than one property they wish to be exempt from this tax may do so if their homes offered for rent at a price not exceeding the equivalent of the national minimum wage set by the government (in this case in Uruguay). Means minimum wage, the lowest wage that can exist in a country as established by each government. Another method to promote easy access to a decent home, citizens who do not have any residential property, own land is to require the property and exonerated from paying all taxes applied to existing housing on the site. This means that those who build their first home, can benefit with total exemption from taxes and other legal obstacles, as long as housing is not to build a luxury home and meet certain construction requirements previously established. It should eliminate all bureaucratic obstacles that hinder the construction of housing for those who do not have any housing solution.

CHAPTER 13

THE BEGINNING OF CHANGE

TIME TO MAKE DECISIONS The company faces the possibility of taking important decisions to expand the freedoms of citizens, and their participation in the construction processes of the characteristics of the people. Today we face a choice in what kind of society we want to live, or we can just go asleep and let elite few make decisions for us and to mold society according to their individualistic interests, and mean. To enable citizens to decide on the construction processes of the characteristics of society, it is necessary to give some conditions: 1. Citizens should express their interest in joining actively in decision-making and development of the main features of social life, which implies their participation in government bodies, capable of real impact. 2. Citizens should have the opportunity to comment on a frequent basis through the vote, in order to choose the various proposals that will affect life in society. People should be able to participate in the voting processes of the main laws, regulations, general guidelines of government, etc.., Affecting a country. 3. Every citizen and social organization, must have effective power to make laws, regulations, general guidelines of government, etc.., And these items be subject to a vote by the entire citizenry. 4. Political parties and other social organizations, must function in the form of participatory democracy, and prevent the accumulation of power by some individuals. 5. The protests have arisen by suffrage by the general public on matters of political interest, should be supreme character of higher level than any existing legal mechanism. No law, regulation, constitution or other legal element, can have a higher authority that the wishes arising from electoral processes. 6. Electoral mechanisms must exist, where people practice voting on various proposals, on a frequent and dynamic. 7. The media and mass communication should avoid influence by advertising in the decisions of citizens and should only allow reasoned debate of the ballot propositions. Through a society that lives with a participatory democracy, they can choose the main features of community life, with the incidence of the entire population in the key processes. People can choose whether they elites take important decisions, or is the entire population that decides. The public can determine if you live in a society where there are homeless people living on the streets, or where they are used every effort to eradicate these terrible injustices urgently. The population may determine whether to live in a society where the maximum economic value is to accumulate wealth and material by certain minorities, or if instead the maximum value is to ensure the welfare of all people. People can decide whether to live in a world where indifference towards people is an appropriate value, or if instead it promotes cooperation and mutual assistance among individuals within the group. It can decide whether you want to have a health system where what matters is enriched by trade and diseases of people, or if instead, we construct a health care system with equal access to technology and medical treatments, health promotion and disease prevention on the part of the whole population, without a desire to profit from the diseases that people suffer.

Individuals may choose to have an education system that is rich against poor, privileged education for some and impoverished others, or if instead you build a high quality education for all individuals, tending to promote continuous improvement students. People can choose whether companies and conglomerates make large profits based on the exploitation of the working class, or if instead take the necessary steps to distribute wealth fairly among the various activities involved in economical. People can decide if wealth is to have the best car new car in the garage, or if having wealth is to know that there are people who go hungry, thanks to the contributions made by citizens. It is essential that society choose which are the values that characterize human. Unable to let the mass media or elite minority, which impose values on society and indoctrinate people about certain behaviors. Human values emerging consensus in the participation of citizens, is the element of fundamental change in society. It is from the heart of people, where you can begin to change humanity, and where they begin to win the battles that occur in life. The consensus always lead to a greater commitment of the parties in achieving goals and objectives of general interest. It is more likely that certain actions be successful, if supported by a majority and minority agreed with, that if the actions are imposed by an elite minority. This is the key to the functioning of a society with better relationships. The maturity of relations between individuals of a society is a goal that can be grown if there is consensus and participation of various parties in the processes of change and decision. The explicit consensus values education is a powerful way to achieve those values. The roads seem easy, and in a way they are. But only with dedication, effort and good will can achieve the noble goals of humanity. Utopia is the machine that creates the paths to follow, without utopia there will be no roads, and there will be a definite course. Any society that pursues its ideals, adopt the necessary changes naturally, not forcibly by authorities or authoritarianism. The changes imposed in an unnatural and forced, end up causing crises and injustices that should not exist. "An error does not become a mistake until you refuse to correct it" (John Fitzgerald Kennedy) Historically, governments and people have traveled very different paths to these statements and participatory democratic humanist, but never too late to change what companies require as democratic participation. Never too late to fix the roads that have been wrong. "... The Athenian lawmaker Solon decreed it a crime, any citizen not panic before the controversy" (John Fitzgerald Kennedy) Throughout this book, you can find information and ideas that can be shared or rejected. There may be errors by the author writes. However, the errors if any, would be without an intention and my sincere apologize for them. The important as Solon said the legislator, is not daunted by the controversies and exchanges of opinion. The transcendental is to analyze the ideas, and seek what is best for modern societies, in order to achieve peace and happiness of mankind. - END 1