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UlOIllIl'lI'IOfol PIII!'ILIOH In 11i~~ul<lltln of 1996. l!i~ W!iod "r I~~ (};o!l'.!l'!I'n~.n..1 "r ....... !1I.I'l'~!.Ir ...TIl~~"I~~D U'~I".i".i~V 01'
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The explorahOil of the surface Of lf1e ground ~~em$ loo",v to lJe the mest .:J111l F(!vE:allm~ ccmpensnt o(th~ emerging f€lFrn~ of ~JJa~f!. Wf? .m! 1'10 II)IHSt'rbound to a pllrtl~I.lJ... 5p~ce.but eur lir~ h.~,J:(] pE!rman1mHy I~h <lCf~:S'5 r
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Lill e:;tplorad6n llIeoIil, sUiP~r~I!:i@d-el 5u~lo apal'ftc .. hQ¥ ftDmiil el comPGnoente rna:;; rrlil~\abl'it y revelador ernerqentl!S". Va np @"$tamos5llfetos 11IIrI 1!5JIWCi"l,c(lru~reto, slnc que nlt~strB ~jda!lie ve abocada <I IltrA'lieSer permauntl!:rnent@'fIUe'll'!)5 eosw~ltls. en vliz d~ d1:lminar IJn e5Qa.cio IlnltQo: v!JI'rIemo~ a :!i~r Unit cult.ura nomada. EI problem!! de la p'rilctlcl! f16mada, un!l prAC't<lcaIf' ~d,..anilH'[iI.
d@ Iou 'ormas poa'rrl! aslRlis.ma

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IL,A IRIEFORMULAC~I,6N REF'OIRlMlH.ATIIINIG.ME fHU1UND T

D'E,L SUIE,IL,O

TM I!! i'IOrllIOtJi !nte ~~;t in lanrl ~t8p~ Il'Ialt is '-~Io;ing I h,~ i:ont~ mJ[lo ralr~ arch Itect!lrll~ d tlbatc 11'1' :;loQrf11ll~ <! dE!~lr ~,I(il1!IlHl1 we ,a n .nQ ![]:nger ~r~ (In the t ~ la'ssi ral f'~1 at'ofl~tl.lp~ bel wr~en bJjJiICIfl(,lcfld '~f9U n.d, i or Olll I,hl!! COflY~I'I~Yon<l<1 efin.iU[]I1 01 tl1iil gmuma as d de-liliTlitM, stsbre, I'lOrfii'O:rl~;lI, g,;:ti:rrfline(l ~m11 nomtllqenE!Ous. !B IJl f:'l"d,~~~.peis on 1'1' in~9F~t~FlQ II we under ~t.:l nd it ii' lts ffiOf-e ,geflleril::: ~el'ls~: <ISa ~_j",d of ltl PGigf6P l'Ii~ (lPE'r.il~! no!] ~yst~,1'111.lm~ F man iI~ r .. ,~t~gorl' (If t.h~ I;:tuill em! ronrnent; i3 "platfllrrnf.~i:h.er- than a "site" Thi~ "'P~Hilhwor methodological a's~ec't or til1e I<!nd~!=~pe well h £!~lllil! ned by J_ F- L\lD'tJ,ftl. "",I\e; 5<1<'15, tiha,t lantds:cail'~~ aft' OO!ll101in:s e~(I[d 01 mlil{iOlii'l(j, origin and dest iny d ~r",d1u,[_'E!d "when t he- min d I~ tfa!'1'5IPflrt~4 ji\i]mom:! form of ~en~ili'!je rn<III.I~r 10 anomer, l:iu~ ~tlil r~I<lIif'ls (hI) s~n50rral []fganiz~tton c~aJaderi~h[ fif IhlE! Bu' eu rsurtace
Iprojec~_~, flltllf:r 'tlTian tile aobiseneE' QfOoUI'!C', illrl~ OI!lol.ilib rMQ1i nlIIQI1, arid about t:he 1:(l!1Slrlltt!oll o<f i3 series o,r t~cnflil<1~p,,": a new

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eli ~cfPlin~ or the il,Imund, Tile- mani pulaUon of th~ su tr'1l tI! c I ~'1'lo!3 Qrou nd h as b~~ii 11!DI'I5till'1lt. •Fans rorrn iAQ an e I~ fin!;! nt .hid Wl~U~! Iy I)et!'lr~ ~ 11ilt ~od illig in~o' lin ~c:tl 'ole, ~mm pjE!~. rfllJt~UI'iQ 'rI,~~rJ" 'rcrJll E t he' IIi3U~:n1 nQ, t he "cJ(nlll~ti cation' 01 t hiH) round t:hill thillri:i..:tlHiz.;Js mOQ~,rn a,rchjt~C~liJlr8, to lit rE>[.oye.r~ of tlo't~nti <ill V wild di n>erE!IfiH<l1 il'lte(l5Itl~:!;, Thoe i3rfjbitQlJl~y betw;e,~~!he .:;urfal:e! aM '1M ~Ilace'.
belween '1M tWQ·llIlmen~i(;ln~! dlm E!rlsiotlal ts PI!! rha~ s on <I,nd ttH~ tnrseE!

€II'! tcrno .. I p"i!,i!J:~" lain! CI:lJlilUIl en I!:~ anil'!.Jlite~h,'1!l!k;!ls, CiOl1lt;ellllptlr,(!i,(;I~<!S" ~:!; ~m siQl'lo ili'l~Ci~r""CI!C)(l (h~ q'lIe va no tOiTdiOl!i!1,O!l '[In lias retacienes cl'hit:!lS I£!l'Wtr@' l ediHCi:!) 'VE!! s!!IeHI, rrl lin IJili ce-nnid(m CcOIlvll'ru;io!lOl,I! l;i!e~ e s!.!eloo !;CI,mCO,l!Illll:lo de~limita,dJC!i eSitO!i)ic!!, liIori2!onta,i,. die~:~rmlud'(I y homoge.l1I>etl,. POr ~'Ii eori'~r'.IlIrrio.'El'11 pails.<lije ~6!I,o @~ Illt@m:t"nit'S !O'I ttl eflte:n,[h~littOS 9n SUI iIi,e'l'l~l(jo m~:!; am plio: 'CIl,mo ul'1O! ,;:a'~~~o~fil d~I~ls,t~ma Qj;lerO!~i1.ro to~oogll"afico,. Y fl@ cQ'ii'I'IQ una c'l'~&goria de~ e!f!wrfj,t) cons:tfiLiido; I.Im~ "j:)I~t;a,rlOrma" 'if 11'10'UI" ,i·stit:io"'• J. F:. LY'(JItar,1j e_~p!li:cO! con cl.:ilrldiil,d e.5;te~~IIl'Ii!'do oop@lr,Bliivo e p'JiJeto(hQr.ltirIJlco@1 pais<lje; e,:tI;jHIii'le ''11.11]' los !laii~ii!lie~ ~Q!iI j),~padoi!l; d desprov~st!tls c!e :S~91i'i1lh::!ldo, ~11C'ri~ i.Hi V e! 'del!:tIIliQ S-Il pr,tlllIlII'i:en. "C:l!a n til! 111 1m9nt:e s,ei' U",11 ~Ilo~ ~<l 1CI'r:! f181 U f'oflmOi i!lIe' !1iIa'~!'!',1 i:I i!ieHsi~ivaa (It.V'"'' 'peM ffftcmielfldQ 1;;1'Drq~liillzi!lcl'6n 5!e:mori<!!1 ~,,~acterf1iU~iI '~e II,a' !!i!'&e<rlor"" < !\lIllie s;tI"O~, pil'![!V~~'t~~ {\ ~ s~p'e,r~ i!l;:~enQ, ""E!~~:!In 50Ib~E' I~ ;!U,~!!OIllCi.!i ttle,11 sLlelo, s~n,ao sabre ~I!I ~ed19'fllliiclo nl 11' :iiQ'i;mO! 1;1~l'ei!l,C l(ion die IJ flO!! ~~r~~ de t ~~ii1Ilc<ls:'~11 !1I~Ie'''''~ a, !4I~sc,j:lllna del 5Ou,el'tI. La ma,niI pl,dadolri il!~·I!iIi ~""p'e-rf~tl~ d,~'U suele ha ~~C'J;I Ur;I;;Jeenstante, trall150fol"m.afldo< UI'I,lI!h!milnto qJue i'I!Ol'niI<!Ilml!nttll 1'levillulliJ ~6dl"-lQ Mo, en !!In c::ampQ ii!(:tiivl;I, ~)f;)iilI'pl!~jo y muto![1I~e" Dell!lniCa~illa" mie-ntc" la "do'me:s;tlcac!6n" de'~ $I!!~~~' que, !:<lract-e~i':O!i I,a, arCllultJrKli:lJllri3J mOllile:rvtO!l, .. I~; mmlpel",a,l;;i6" ,tI~ il!1lhmsldildi~!>

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antre

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Dr the! censta nts 111 t he<se plojeC 1:1.as 811a !~er nati'l'e t:o tM O~,Dos'ltl Q n be'tween the grou I'I~ i3 nd t he ~rchitettlit,!1 I figure. lI'!1e' ~\IIr'f.~ce is flO longer 1,11 envelope of slla~lIt, out e
al~1l H_sdaterrn IIlJ~tlt. es bolh be COme' :slro nQlIY

bidiilmeJil$iMi y 18 t~i(jill1ie:f1$i6i1, e'!' ,glllz& Willa de tas C0!1st,all'ih!8, clee!Otos pr:qye~'tl;ll!i" coUl1lQ, alt!!rIl BlivO! ,~ '''' '~~:r'lln!lposlicil Qn ~flt'r-e ,~!$~U;)I'D 'II 111Hglura <!1'Ie!i,liter:'~~'illn,r~iil,L.a s!!Jpern~n~ ¥IIIM ~!l !:oIJO lis ellvQrveF!h~ t:I~~I~SIj:h3,Ciltl.W!O t~!inb,1~nlilJl detlO:Fm,iina!lt~,. y~ <IIue "ntr~ a,mlllttl$ S!Jlrg',,", 111181!''5,lIre-!;h'~' r\~i~~n6m. Una l!l!!gllnllia es,trO!t~QI,a es Iii ,arob'itQileti<!d erlitre' ell slJe'I'tI

ecnnected, A ~e~o",d shatli!iJV

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el
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la man'B'ro.! '1;11.tiISk<'l" ill'u:lll!lJI!IIFIIIOS en 11l1!'!!d~t:ermlnaci61l

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OY8 r t1h1t Ilgrii~Dnta I. p'-9JS-e'SiYQ IJfOIJ ne! Plili!1;~. H'~re thE! grmu,nI!! tl~~Climl!'s an !!Ietl !lCO,1:1l1'I~tO!~ted pl~ n e! \!I1'I~m .!Ir~tlltadur~ ~m~~ge'5 ,U .an 1m p~obcj!Jle. fllllclu~li ng 1iQIjJ~e, th [)

y,a !Ill, !,l! Ilr~5en;U C!.'imo IU~!!IiI ,e'lilt id<!~~>e~tlnl 'II i3:cUvO! ~~f'lstmidil ~o'b~e ~~s,upe rUde planal li:!e~ $'u'e!io, h~rizon!t.!I y ~IlSII\I',s, AJ(llui ,e-I :sY~h~ $e conv[flr1'e en y"~ !!;1!Ij)e!rfic,ifl acHy;;!, 11m p'1!iII'IO' c:ons'~ruidQ liIel: (lu,e' 1,11 rq,wilitect!U ra! a

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'''':OIII<,OtiA~I''' IN"I"II';.IU4ATlIIO'NA.I. Ip{lr1!'11 1M 'structu r<l! q~;lILUes 0'1 11'10 FQuflld (;a.me m!,lcli a Itl05er 'to tile Ide-.a 01 a nCUDm~ 9mu~d whe.re I'D!KI~
t!I~ not

Gls~rlbuted

b),! gr~"'illitlon"l

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mllJlm M, IlUIr foirher by d ispl,llti fl9 st re~!5!1'-5 1:hmut!Jh th~ ~iJ rIa ~e 0 r th e ~h.E!~L h i'5 VI'~!-I i~e ~tructu Fe T I a I!;D iJlXame ~ pcrtentia I I!i[] 1IIIIolil to the !ateral load~ ~:MI~-0i sl1Ilr movement ~ ~Q hell ullin tlV jlrOodl,l,;:e'ilTl ,J aparl. fIl~ DBrtlc ul.;lr- collodlti:[] n 01 lho Jartamlese q mlJnti, "",toe·re n<;lfl-.gra'lita1 ioMf st~c'Sse~ are (liften rn1!lF~ ploJ"'I~1'\1 t'i1afl~r~vi:ty. b~~lIm~ .:;1 nq oar!~ ~n.stnlfn~flt<lll ~ £ ttll,~, de"lBrOpm But: p'rog Nl55~d - lite r~ laft i",n sillp in -Yo"coham a between t ne tll~(!og~a~tly ilntd tM lIr~a~ 01 strUl;lu ra.1:sUe nqtl'J IDfoalJCe(:l DV lits

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presi 611j)'OIr I~ ~up~fficTe'
nm;. pal1llcio
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IP'IIJEll:fO I!NTEIA'NA'CIONAI.. !;III; YOK!mtlHAMA IL!! IPropu~'5.ta q,u:e- ~rez;e'~t~mQi!i i3J1cOnti'!.lW$(I J;:QI1:c@i:!j'iI el t~!IT~ng ,~omo Un, 1!!:'llllldllD 11'L1e~-O' dOiilC!e' I~ "n~trlimci6n (Ie !,,~t~~gas.II'I(Jo

sino' de$p!<lz:~,nd® 11Il!5, IllJlntQI5

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I E!Sitriu;ct,Ulra" I.a Imii~mo1! O~II!l;JID.n, .. ~

all'lica~l~ a las hl@rZil!~ !'gil'~ii'a~E!~ goe,n.f!,ra,L'las p'O,r

IC!liiO ovl!fnI~l'it'lJog si!im~eOS; (j1.»E! !It,f!ct<l'fl <II J,g j)O,II1.UI ~ p(!clllhil!f\e:5 m Ci!lr,~,c:t:eri:\itilcas tiel ~l!Ibl;UB'I,o J1IipOllle$, '~!)flde la'S tlm~,i'J;mliil.!O d~ '~FRg'E!;nl !lrl!vl~at~)cfio tl:e-nen ,a ml!nlllliJ!l' UII ~O!~I $~!!:lL",flalrlo ~11IiComp-.mOlcii6r. ODn III! otr,as,. a!ljqu~rt~ron 1~lns9-gilida 'UFI!a~mportand"~\ull'ldllm@l'It,aJll,. E~IProYe!do Ill' 'l(o>kollarfcla, li'Iospl!<J ni~~~ lJ,a retoSi q1ue IiiQ' h~~i',!jmo,s ~f'nld\o q"'te ,!'!1I",oli'ihu @n 19914. eii .. ndO jjJ'eo~~l'ita mOl; a, 't:Q n,CUl"sg IrMJe!~~ prime fa; prn'j)Ule:st.1I -181~el (l'I-ass r,B

to hH w ..s al~ di ffE!rent frorn our I irsl <::Ol'iiP~L itl o.f'I entf"(, lhe Gla5s Cl!'ntr-1!' iii NE!m:~stl~ Th~ mllin zones01 structura' rigidil:'( appE!ar parallel to the afr!)cUofl 01 ,-Ile fc!lUs here, rallhef tilan in the ~d9~s or LI~eo uts: Lilt! c reason tor ltih!i was Ihe predoo'linilnt diredion or Lh~ cir~u!eto", 11010'. rQlloo'llillg Ihe longiludiMI tllr~tlon 01'

tile I)r~je~t_ Tne removal [llltll~ structure from tne cuts, ~he ""I-f~rca!ions Df thE! 5urfacE', W.!Is. n-ecE!~~OIr'r tI~
Inev also nad I:oJ bs c oms pnmts 01 phy!;itol access Bill b~YQnd the hm 1;1 al rsqu I rernents lh is ~hm ulHI ion I!'l ~a nt .. hog her d ~gree of inte>grat ion bi?tw~8n Hi~ su r'a e-e a I'!(J Its $t";'itJ.c propertles, as t hese ..... E!(OI!
~rMIJ OI!'Clas ",In!.lUl<lrl t tes 01' ~he 5 hell rat her t hen ~MUl: t ura-I Ii:-Ierne n ts E!rnhoetlded In Its irrE!~ILII2I~il ies

rrOiTl ~ Jiyb,jd-izlIltiQrl;;lf I-'(pe~, the cructal slep here w~!i to mov~ to e stfl)ieQ'I' or diffe.entiat ion of a

CE!ntre de f'4ew,"a~tl~-, scbre taQQi PQf 10 Q'Ue' reosp-ec;t.aII ,101 r,eJlad6n 't>!'!ltre,reii~",'i! If ire,n d!~, h~l'Is,lon estruetural pi'i!li'ihJeut'laS Ilo,r pl,ei;l-almilmto,. Descubrimo<!> que', .1 cOIIIJ!:a d~1 flUijo Ilr~domlnente, !iI:> z;(lin~~ de m'Biiima rigid!!, IfstFllctufa! ~re~erllilbilll unal IllIclllna,elol1 pilralela a 101 ipe~d~1J de 1,1)5liegue:!i. en, ruga.r Q p de cQil'lddir een lo!: !!_:dri!!mos do las, seecienes Igli!qitu!ilinale,s. LEI eerwenrenera de cO'nvertir ~stas l:Iii'Ulrc-ac:lol'lesdela sILl,perU:ie- en pUfttO~ iiI! lIoceS(J, nos ,obl!Qoa ale,jiu Iii! e~trl!dili'OI de lall seeelenes, 5 ln ern!iOii"g ~p.artl!!' ,!:IiI! III nl!~~f9i1d fum::ional, D, 1.0qlUe!oonsegllJl mos- een S'shl dltt.5'j)I<!zamiel'l'to! hue un a, m!l'i'CIr Inte~ re cii(iJl entre 101~,l,.Ipedi,,-i eo'It $i,l!; Ipropll!da!1h~!'i, ~s:tatgC'a 5,_ CQoil'li;Eb.ldn comli:l par"tlcILlII!afldailles die la estructura, If!.as qlll! OOnTIO lellem~ii!1()$ iii'lsertolCilos., !La ClIlIstl(j,nl flllilullamllllt-,al eral pal:oar de l!a hlbr'ldi!lcIQf1I d@UPO05a Ulllla !:5tn.tli:i;Ji1l ~e lMi"'Ii:iI.!,~UUld61l
del slsteme te(:Uiniclflo; eii e's:te t:1!I!:.0,. 111 sllll~rftc:le
66,-9:;1)

lee'tonlc: ~\I'!>ll!m: M fOlded surrace. (:Se~1)o,1[l't;! 96. 1 DlJ<1t1emr212, paqes M-<)3)

and

pl'llgadla,

(VII!,r pi!igl, 96, Y G'lliidef1l~ .2121 poigs,

MYt::QH,!,l,-I:1t1INIG ~PiSCQP;lI~ "'~ADQUARiE:IRS In me [hi!; orotect, -t he n ea.:;lquartE!rs for the- Kori!an !;;!,th911,. ChYf(h In dc;lwntawn Seoul. we faced ~ mud, dens.er WPOfJrilphi~, urbanlsttc and cultural dOriiQjn loon !!1 YD kof:\aIllB. 'rhe prtl'gramme requ ired 'lhE! Jrij)filIIlUla~IQ!'I o-r <I ver-V I"r.agme;nted colde-.;tion IIlr ...udg;fI~~ in to a COl hi;> rent cernpl ax, and the raInt~gr.gtiG~ <)~ n hose tow I~(J In~~ sn bhe surruund ing
1'atl! lc, O~.F iirsl. ~i?clslon ~a~ to Q!=)er.!t~- bV 'e[il1l1inatingthe cfi!!l~~-i'l:!I1d~~tij'j.~tioi'llJ;;etween ~he projecl and its 1-r~riie. by m'llkinQ ,ti'l II mils 01 o-yr operal\ ion ~(jin [ide

SIEIIiiIE EPIIS'CoQ PAil. ~1oI!:: IIo'IYI!O,toUli -1ii)!;1NIG:

'111~ oroperty DouMar.,..; tlle- prolect 'liQuid become ttliE'constru et Ion or a new Qlrol.l!'ld IQr 'h", 'ilhQle cernptex, ill~te3t1 oj inUodlJlt!l1ilJ another filJure In an aJr!!3dv w)w..:lc-!:I reid,

""lin

rne

frame

If

~
--....-,=-1'1

~-. ~71
..... ~.2E!-

I~ Der~ii!~~ QlIJe of thl!'

AI cernenzar a eloltI(Jrar pr(j'V,~do d'E! r'!:lmod,e~a,c;I'DVIde .01 sede de ~a cOllferle'llci<ll ei~i5,o~al C'Qreo!!lna'en eol !t;;entro 1:10 r Selll, nos !!!I'ICOr'ltlramO,!1; InmenOis en IIJIln ambite, cLllhjr~l; IiJIfbal'lfstlco 11' topm;lwatic:o mas, dE!f1o:S0Clue e. d'~ Y(JIlmni3lnT1i1. HI.d'tlia Clue ~'I)nverr Ir ILln '1::0 nJunto a rqllJliltec"to'FIul;;,j} m'IJ'Y frcagnnented I) ~ifI U roc:~mplejQ c:,oherent'i!!, ~' r~-lliIt@gfar to-dos, ilSD05 edlHclo5 ,~,!'I e,1 te.jl'l1o urDanMilcc t:Trc.lllnd'alilte. ILi! p'Fimera decisl16n (JUB'tomames rue' 10iI 'e eUminar la rmntenl que d tlfo:~dh;IQln~ilme rlite sepa ra eua Il:JIulie prQ'y~e'tQ' de Si.i marco, r aE' maner-a que 105, limiteSije nuestr~1 ~ctul.:!lI!:lon ,colnc:i,dl'asen COlli los del espatl:,I,(j dl:!>pcOlllil:i'I,e. E'n IUg)iilf de iintrocUlcir ortr,a figura en un oI;glflite)(;ta va, dem.1siaCl(l den!io, nueshll Idllal Ilr,EI Col'Is'truill" ulna bIU@' nueva j:ltara toao e,1 e;'o'llilplejo. f.I m.arcD h,!

e.

1l.... rd .....

I"" dol

l!ii'!ti)rJ'JI)€I(1iI~~~r.ll:l iJifi P.iI'f!t£In_Q-f(t[j"-QI

...

S.UI r19'9!!<), p,JJ1,!i!i1~ 11:111 ,rJu,;:t1tllno

'If

de taa. <Q2!IHr~S

<.. fMr'GI!le~~.~t~rk>r~~

R~OfQ"nJ~~llon 01
thf' eatnee IWII [I~

_--

Myl!Cl'iQ lI<:!~9 540Qui

(199!>J_

l~"1

ih••

",m~'",m

most ~eJ!i~~t~nt

slLIbjeaS

in uur ID'I05tiQatQ()n,

bUllld !.nt} has to OP'~ratE!' are inCn!il Sirlglly d iUic:u It te defll'le·. If! MWQf1il1"·Dong. lill;e' In Y[)Ii.OMtn~, ~.i1i1l liulldln!;l 8:1;~alld s 1m rIIIE!~laMy to thiE' phvslc ~I ! ifl'!it~ oj the' ~lfO"'fid. ~.::l th.;it oDject: ,and ir<lil1iE!. I i~u r~ .!Ind field. n"Ilfl'g0, 11'1 Doth pmieof;t~ Ilier,;HI.\a!S tM baste p rolliern of D~tabli~h iliig ~he I'im i1.~or the oe>ma In Gr oll'eraHof'!. and In l:iatlh ca,slE'S the' 1r~11I!i? ts <I, wi'ld~t len W de~,,~lt: the 1~>ga,1 dE!,flil itl1l n 01 'tll'l~ grouM., TI'l~ 1umlarnel1ltal i~~ntiIV of ~M 'blilihilfnQ becom~s IlQrhil~ the o;Ie1in'ition oLih ground. 1lllll i Mt~aQ of DJOO,ur;:mga naurral gnmn d. ou r ~rof,~ct h'~rt;l ,",,01ll1oj D!l'Q91'1] e a ki nd o~ "n peratl ng ~i(He m"
cd·t"'e, dOlmain'S '!'i~i~re lM M tt"lll eOI'FlJ)! Q~~<l to':;OI! Qrl;! OInfzaHon W~ s jilFl:louCeli -t!Fn,",I'II~oQ~il"~J"~- enf'Clrc:elhe lu con"lr!!-Q.!!ltiort~~ q U<lll.~'r'~~ the· space s,tip Ulatoo

rh~ !!IF]!t

a,~

in tho;! odesiqm Me
KA.NS ....H<i:AH

r,

un e~!E!:m~nt!o clave 'en "'11II~~ t'rab'~JCi' d~ Inv@5ti..rQ t g~do:n, eosa loqliica ~i $.~, He-no!! '~ilI .c:u.~liIta que ca,da '~~',:i:'i:!.le-~t~ m.h di~finir ~Q$ !If!Tl'i!lt~:!l d@ IflItJUaJil:iI;iQlno de- ~a"lIjn oI'Irqultmdol1lca. Ell'! ~il Ci;lISU de MY'ell)n~-()Ql'Ig. CQlmO, 1'1111 '1 de Y'OkQIi'!'!!'!l<!, B~ HHer9 ",~]!l~16~~,~~~"tll'~'n.de basta ~os, lim i~e~ mi$rrnl[J(~ tI~1 @;spacio dI5,1"0n.ll:il'il!'. dll modo 't1ue Q!:J~e'tg V m~r.c:o,rilg,ura 'f 'IQ'flId~, se ~glnlfllifltlle,l'I. Lo'!> (lJo~ ~[fovecto!~ pres@l'iItab;;m CQ'I1l@ difi(;~n<lIlJ tJ,lis I,Ea una ele rtiill ~l'Id,@,tti'rmilliacr"n e!l! !I[;ls lii111i'tte~ (Ii!!! I :imltliito !:Ie aduaoei(i,r!, Y .;isJmi~mQ en, IOl~ tiO!l (a,SO'S, (l~ j!;lI;j]i)te,dQ i!!lr·a,I!IIF'll!h!m~mt~ Il1elud llbte-, ' hasta ~llj:H!mtl;l de que Y!l<i de 1ii!l,S f!llIllCiloMs, cie IlijI O'D,';! t!i!'lillr:a 'lillIE! 5er IPfoe>Cil$.une-l!lte Iii die dlefillik .~!J! JiJI;l!'P;I. ~i.le~:~M' PBopo,sito" pIIH:l5i. IfliO 1'iJIe I'IlJ.iii,e .. ,~!d ~ (;I'e<l; !lin elemento !Ie Uitl'~" !Sino ,!!,I d~' conv!l'rUlr ,~~fr!llto die nuestro! iflt~rvell"!l!;JOri ~~ IJI'I<I especie de sl ste ma ~pfrOl!nYO del: OOOI1ii~~~JQ. Iba(lr~ a liIi~OId6n r'CI~'~I~ une de ~UoE! l(!Is e~tr.at@ogil.B s ,que ;;uic'pota:mos. ~~ r,~ !Hlilra,Y,8Ir en ear~ ct~t ~:ong r~" gall;:iQw!<!1 (!e-I'~$Il!H::;,lo a [Ju@' ftlada refl!'ren(;!a ,e!1!!11.(;{Il'1go ,orl'gllllalo IJIn.:) \Ii~i! mas, rme~tra prooc:Jue-~t:a' pllr,lll e!l~illtli;bliCJt!'!,a j<lllQ'!ile-$;! 1110' reS;1l Cl!'!(:irai a !lal '\I'O:I'UllIIt;a,d d,ernc~t r,a'r i!!i!'!~iii~ l!Io:sil!llla 1:10 dill te6r'l ~1I\ !ll f'I CI .a 101die Ire:!iO,~",e-r p!'O!l:ille mas ~s I'mcliTictls: ,e-iii e:~te Ca,51t1\IlilI IFi!11i MF'li,ldl~i:! d~ mllt18·ria'l ce alr~Iil~¥O ~:d!!:t,enle 'i Q.~ he c:h 0 dill' (JI!IIe 1101 (libra $~ tUlY'h~'If~'Clue Corls,tr!llir en la~, <Ii'liIe,ras· (Ie 101I;iulii!<!d,. ~ii1 ~ftM tl!lrI'8'f10'l p·revl.!lne['ilecull!.i~rt,Q'~ d!~ I:HlsqUie. L!I ~d 9081 cOIfl!5ilS:tia ~n ~5,tr'I,!~'~I!ilr.!ir p~001j"ectoe,n dIQ5!Ol.Ip,e'rt\lde~ !!OI
l;J<!rO!leol~'~ ~aml~!I:s. sltl!Jadia!5, iill mi~mQ niveol Q!III! Lilla plant", b,ilja m,[ltrllpul<llda-. '(I'!'!;;' ~ii!If'11.. rC,!If,a_F1 @II!S!'l<lG:[O dj~ IJ~O' pul:J,lli'co, jjI.e,1recli'ito... Ell sUI!!'lo all ,e5t~ ~.lanM bala hm,f,:3 que !;!oil!d~~r ton el teeM ~e' les !l!Illver!,os r:llvele~ del <Ir'C!ll~1(I -1<1 Imo!l'll'orfa ~.~~eif'rado~-, mailer;! q!!~ !,OI :5;lJperHcll~ liI1Ial'll'FlIII~adO! p,'i!·e(:p~r'.. dl! formaida par S!!!~I;!'~p.o:!:.lie,I,t'iIl. 601 cllJlbierta de! e-!:IMit:llo de III'S.O !lul;linCO UfI,fjl m!Jmbr~lIa dis,e'!1>i1¢1a ~iOIi'IiIO' @xtllfiiiolni de! 'f,t)II01ie cir,clJ l!ld,~ flte, fTIli~li!tr',a~ q LI@ la lI:struchJ'r<l 'UTfilk<!d,~i p:rogralma I!lri!i e:1 rlt!'sl!Illtado, de 1<1eO mtJi!'i ~c:16!i'1 fiI~ od es am~'!ldl~!5e,nla,dO!s· como rOlm pO! $ rJe ,i!IlliIl'C)xl maclolf1l a l a,5 dcS, \I{O!~ (lIe' .!u:c;e,,~o. ' iL£I "!lIr'i:l~!lIlaci6'1'1 Irl'e'ter.;u~elnle-~ de- la memlora I'I~ cstab Ill;:c;f"" !,!!,!-.;!' re!0!~i6,i'I ~hE!~l!irf"i!!l.pon flll!l1Ie1a ,con ~s s If)ilm:H'e\f1t.e~ QDtenlltlM,s,

5idJg5iel1fl:p~

I.~ElFlARY 11"1 !lr entry Mr tM Killual'Ksll ~ !!twarll'!11 ..J~ipan. th e ~ro<~e[j res nHn!l1 i'l ari "'~~ D'f ~1J'Ili;irl~ pm!bI,E!ms u J<lit!il~r ih;llm.,by <!I "c-ritit!ll" !:ta nee, The l)r,oo! em here '!'tIi!-5 the "'llo~~mln 01 a ...er 'Ii l~fQ€ VO!1,Jme Q,f an;llJive .. on ill ~!I!IDU rbiln Sil~ once ouu~led '0'1'.. l~rff5t Oililf propos ill' W~~ '0 $t riJ.etl.lr~' the- pmJec~ II"i~Q·two ~~r'aIlel s urfaces ~n\,1{!IO,,1 the PUD~!'" ~Q aeea (If ttl~ ~fg;gr'~ rnme, ~II J)laO~(I am ~, me n !P\J!a ~"E'cI~r-oulit-d level. Th e ~urr~ ~ I)~ 'It'le (,Jf(lU w~s nil
to rlrne..;i b'r' tile top oj' t lie ~~(r~1ptc's M;;, mQ::;~Iv~·~n~ tl,eoeal'n ijrillun,p le'ole!. as irtM "n~w !:jround" Will~

a m~rn OJane t'Q e~ten-d the ·rc.lia.g{!o oj' th!ll QX1~t'inQl Wrll?~t. rne st ructuee Qf t he ~ingli! I~~er ar progf<lmme ""a:; produced a'5 il combinlltion ,,1 1."..1:1' 'ri[lId ~ '! orrnee <15'ora"'I1E! nts of pr!:i'~irm Ily ~O tI'!;f t~Q' ~ OLoeS,Soa!l~, fl11e !'E'~\J~ting g r·OlP ale ... [iela Wi! S r
frilrr·or(!d on 1:1',' II! roo

la.\''er~.. Th", ,;;nllel.ajle of

tor .m~d ~\I tl'1;e &;Iml'}g of the aH:li1ive~ t'hese pu

bm~ Ollre3S is

~11'se-ver <l~

~ri!l

dlffe-rel1!!iO!ticl1I

of th~

!pClnerl'!

or

,c,uts

mern br~.ne't(j pn:duC!e ~ondi.'ioM ()~ tllJe gmun,d pl;ln.E!.

t hi!

dmie~Q'nl: IIQtIt II'!Q

~I tie!1lIPI)

ql~'" c,r~i!lib!!l cOl'ldiciones;

de 1II'!III11I1Inaicion ife[1l;!'n;til~icllii~. d

,~'"~(I~~~'~

~~PiJ_"'piJ!:lir.d6n ,d. I:l!IpoIis, p"'~II;!r~~I~«!i ~~(_Jj]n!:lm~~rh:: :stud.,.

~iJ~rlJ')~1f~p W9ilrmn".~lc I.,..... ~r

IL..lRGI~ ~1!JILTI-"'OIi) . .a.ll 'TRANS,POR'iF IIr.lW"'fl,(;HAliIIIGE: I", IPi,liS,A,,!

The ~ca~e or intarvent IOrl ,o,f ~hI~ pr.oJ~;(;t~r20'.{lOO

m' of hi~h-~peed fa iG~rm !nLl'~p-IIJ~ hu ~ ~HI~'~O"'! li'!~ < w~~ a pe,rhl'ci il.Sso1;i.3lteg p¥~i noll a reas-

O:Dr:W r-

~,ro!>5.Q~~'r ~h~ I ntrastruc t'lilr~ ,~!'!;dal-O"~1 th~ harbou r to con nect to ihe n P-'I'I (iI;JI!f!IQ pments

t u ni~y II[]

to Io;eep ii1~ ~ta lion In .ope'I"altialfl d!~rin r;t tile· const n l~t.Ofl 01 t hi:' new termil'1!i!!1 lorce!::l us to ~m:orJlQorilt;e me-~r Iilyou t jFl!Q tile ~~atlill strue tlif.:l .of UIHI P rojOC L. ~!ll<.inq!o turn 111o;l~ Lilt 10lF! i n •.co !'I [1 ~w pl,lb Ik s,p~c>i!' t.h ~I will con nee t IJfOlln Q leve! wlt'h .:rw ~!atloo!'l O::ClneG'lJr~~
tru

on 1he 'o'I<!t'~rirCfI1t, ltw ~Pi! Ua! nrlf.!;t ure (If

c,!<lJ1'figl,lrlOl, es tile

me tran'S

tleed me !I

N'I!ji~H) ~If!: 'C(lI!NIIU "Im'tA'c~,O NI!:'S, DE flU SA M n.,a IiIUlg F1lt,llddle! I a il'lt:E!'rve n e I.t'llil, (jllU! i,Flc; I Ula t]na tE!'trrTIiiiilOlI (I'E!~e'rI'Q,;;:~r'rii de ,al'ta'o'>e'll;!citlad dIE! l20'.OO'O meotrD5 ,t:u,adirOld,c,5 Y una ''''!It,a,c,lolill d]C!' IIlUlioli:llllse·s ,eol') las. ill'~1l,s ttl!! <J p;~r'Cafl1! I@I'I't~ r~$ jJ!!'~t:I'If.o!'~, to fWE:rtf" e ste [;)1V'fe~h) ,10: iii ~a o(;al$~61i1 ild'e;;ullJ>il r~ sa Iva r I,ill barrer,a a rqlil i'~ectc'l!Ilc~ d ~ las instil I,B CIOIil~S, PQ'rt:lIar~~!; ~ dnltl!;r'i!! r: ,E!I'I i.!! dUdiaJ!!I liM l'II!lel~Os: IMlifki()~: cDn~:tr~ig:g,$ 'e,!,1f!fime-rii! !!nleOi d,e·mar~ ldi nl!!co@'5idEHIl d,8' marlhm:g,r "IS9r''o!'nc,I,(! ~,~, te!lI"roc!IHIl dlurain:teo
jo! ~1(I'IfIS·t:f""~Gii9!ll1~~

fi~Q

Vla5 exis.telliresaill c[)rri:!S·POMien~eo'S.

en tin espec (io£! ~~ e~t:liC1611'!1

~1d'~.,.O!term!!lP.! P1Q'~ Q'b!i!;!ii!b<l ·iii ilil<l;OI("~lmilm l,iiI'5: C0n las ClfilllS ~clJ'Q'liIcl <IS 'f!~t.rlJ<ct lI~i!iI~s. P>ClrOt:fO' ~atlO', la t'ral1ls:wrlmacliiirl ,de!' M ,e'sta'!;ien I!J de IJ ~0 pulbHr::o QIJ ~ Ciom~'ct:El!l1! IlilIl~I!ll I e CQIiI ,ell fie C~I'!.tCl
~<!

p:royecto,

C)Q<!lI'!,o.SSOQJJlO

CI !iiie<trO<SCij,ia,drad'O~

die fllllev,l)s

a noll ru rther u Il' to oJ whO Ie fI~l'f cl ty -,[l.OOO.OOO In' 01 r!oor ilfe<i- bu~I'l o~~· t hi! t!tiltlo.s, llileonew by!1 d In", woo wid {lIS/SO! \lQ' In to ~ "'~Z~ and tile ['(la'd I nfr a$1 ru ~t IJf;jl ser ...mg t'hG .eOfl1 pia:>:. n~ o:fI~~IU1IIOn qr 1n@ b~lll(J 11'19 Inta t hi! ,~leill ems 001 i nHast rue lure ~hat. P/O! ec~ b~VOfHl ,tl'l~ "I'reme"" ,[] r !:h ~ si Ie beca!li'E! t ne mest n~mar[j;a Dla d(l'l'{'lopm~n t in t lie 'co-tis! ruetlen <)1a new.. grounu, jorrn~II" .l~iillUnUi{lI'ilJlly Qle~(lI~Q ~Q9~HII!i1 lliridillg ailld gmund_ o TII~ "'rra'fl'le'- is the retJ.y E!:!:l~l'Id'ed i2\'~n Ibey.ondi t'he' lililil S01 t.he I'eg Oilground, bv meltin;g topoq raphic illHI pro.tJra ITII'1'1~ticc<Dnditin n~ bE!'ween t h~ projE!ct <l<n,d il.slriJme_ Thi~ moves one stepIurmer belf'lll1ld ....y~1J ng-Dtlnt;! as I~gards tlllt;; r~la~'lo!il5hips lletwoP.'eJ' figurE! ~nd oiJrllund. Th ~ HI'Jlog raph'l' WE!prCfJloso!!d wa~ a sllredd,edl s u rrau, Iiilkmg t!'le eilf,erei1t le~e!~ by w~,~ in,g ... undlllat.i ng band!: t[) pro~ide access, !igl'it OJ no;! venti lil,t ion til thE! con ccurae a nlll th e platform.!;_
Tne ~trtlctLire 01 th~ POinds wa!;i producefi

eqUii poall1llileht0<5q lie se hi3Jb~a pr~"li ste C{lI!Is:~ruir satire, l!lis vjl.!llS cQ,rnpo~to!ilii!l :sallvo!Ir un de!;lni",~·I' i;iIe· 6,.5, metros, TI;Io~!It[;l' llg liIi~I;II!i!U~ e
1'10$ !ile<t;;a,n~ara'I!Il(ls Ipl;!r 11111 pr,o'j!\E!do dli!' t€!r'mina~ '!:I!UOI! i!l!SemDOClI,llIal d i'Iaturall1f180nte ~m unll plaza _i~!liIl1iI:lt!l,1It die nue<v,a, ~QFis:m,):I:cl6m~y (lIllie $e 1i1t!lil'Qlr ilbli'l peidectament'lil em !~ in!ir<lllstrm:tura \!'ltlJr~a dill iii .2:0flldl, lEst!! "dllso~lIId61"'" de~ ~d IrD~J00 Ii! n dihlE!rS(lS e !ell'l'!Je-~t(l1S intraeo!>t:~!,!~tu:rale$.e uyal l).fo\le(iC~.o.FI II,eQlaba ma~ aUa del est r~d~11l1I1I1r(:~) dl@, loll obr,BI., :s,~.c:oliI'llirU6 ~I'i I!I n.u.c:ll'!'o 'teCi,rico die ~ ~li'Ih!ln.le-f!(:i~n, .. ,11..:0 [:, me:;;:c~,,"d!~ flo r'lfrl'i"'~ y fIllIllC~O rtillll1lelrl!te iilU edHidC! V ,e~s.!JI!I!lo" I!'h~I'I'le<lIItos tQiPO~~.Iif~co~ '!/ p~[jir.~I,,"!'ItIi(;Qi~, e!ilii!~eogu imo~, \!1~~~nd·er la ir'llervend6n Iln;!l:> OI!~la d'e ICi'50 Ifmite$ die· 105,terrenes legallm@nti!! 1Ifilctadl(Js pOlr lial 11lI:1,r::I,atl'llill. ,sa 1,0 c;omJ)~r", ['Iiii,'l:!i ~t;liFIl ~~ ~rQ'i'~t;~~ !!i~' My,eo(!!'Ig'!)i!l<[''I(J, 'eol'(:j,e PI!I:sal1 r'Ei!l'l"es,elilta IIIn pas'ti ad,~I,ar>te '~1iI eU8llitt:!< ,Ci ia lIIlall ~ra 0(11) l@'nf()CBI~ 1118re 1,IM::IIOI'1lI!:!!I ~ntlie '1'lgllllri!!1 '1/ SllIell CIi, ~r(l,plll:!i~Iii1IQ{~ !Ulna su p~rt~c i~ fr',~gm~.n't;;id 8" ~ Ii!¥Qo~ ,jhi'er~Q'll' ni\ie!e'li, ,est'IJ!Yierafl eOI1,~c:t~do,sj:lor 1ll'i1~·!:Ilo d~ oE!i~tnl(;t:l!Jfl!!~ (lJidij~:;tla~ '(jI!J~ ,jioE!frmiti'e'Ii'O'In i!'1 ~~(;~$I) ;oil! ~~tillto 'j' a IQ~anden~!ii, g,an,I!lU':<llndo 'WIIl';! ilum i n iiilc.iiolli ·v until n n1tllla,el,j'1iI Q.,p't I m~s. Plllr~ cams·trlJlr e~:~a$

Pv

usill1,lJ

a :!;erile~ of arche~ a n!!ll cate1l)0Irie~ WhQ5e g~iJ liIIetriE!'5 de1:e:rmin.e lhe II F1>Ilul a!i.cril~ (If 1:!'J,p (lC!nd s cd grQlind!efwelo~,

e'stwc:tyra$
Eili'l e~'Qllle llil

h!vlmos

aYe utUi:!:OlW UiiI !ti~S;tema

glil'0m

naturiiliez;iI

B'lric,cl
Imlil,rlmir

dll~st(J!s

doe Ojlf'CO:s V catelflafi"~l' d@termlln,8101l e I grl!d!CI

1lI'~ oln,dg~,~CIIO'1il qllJl.'.

,h.:ubl~

(lye

en c,a'~011ciill~o.

PUUI"i,

(;orlr.a

~19ijtU_

L. t~'''tlli''.
1:iIn;;!r.&. 1ft' ._.
~III

""' b.nllaS lofl!J'\V·

!J!St~1

fOfmil!:tf!IJ p.r>r IiDIi 5iiilrks; ~~ ~, V n~ m.l ...., a.

I

161'I~II ijli Y B ., 15 IM'I rlJS de a!tufij

&.lJpo:rta rl!':5~t! '~mlitnl)si.

... rtI!~~1Int.wnO<lI" d~ I",,· .n<i1l'n';

(..a,5I))

lm k!!jj d~

y i. <""'~'tor,"I ••• hl'S,lO~ 5up.'ffk:l~iDnodufitli til. Iu.~ 3

d.. jj8le~ 1513' ~"'liIgLlif 3 'lrllllth
...

.In.l!l

Ii;p,ns; I!I~I!<"

d~ ~fllb

.,
,Q

pre'Hlslld'l&.1a.

dl'JlM'il!t.it!mi;\lO ~~ ~~ la OAbl~r~dI :M' Ri!W'4 K!b~ I~ !Ull"br WJM'fIN do 1n..1e.-lor doe- d,,,,i'tlliil! r;itlj!iiI~, .""",n, CIlfM [1\19'6), tho .t'''d'' ..... 1
C;:OI11~ I:~'_if'n~rilll;

<I""

C~n form .. if~ D~J~ M eomporl,an.mb ""mo arco

1""1)~Irlp$ ~.rnp'I ••• h.a ,et;t! or n"h •• , J3 000 3.6 1i'!.lr~1 lonq on.:! ~ !Jed is. me~r l1..i:jJh, ';UI:~pDr1.1I;!,,,~ 1~IQ,",,~~j I••• i 01 M. p""o'm~ ..b. (+~!,!>ii, anlllM P'()<II"j)I~l" (tl!o,1€1' fe~peW~ijl~. rllo undUIIIlln~ ~"" r ~ and Ill; htln~ an [11. pla~~rl1l$ )lCOrtlde-d iJv l(tetd!ii~1 lur;:IiIIIIS iil!11
P"t'lffii-f'd 'OIblra ("'(I,'!~:5flapi:"il_1 'r¥t'h£"_ act Il1DI:~ .£15. £II J::n~'5 Clf i;;;jt:i=in.u I!t:i ;!Ia:l:urIJllu.I 'Ie !N.I)i;ilhgrr thlll f(l1)1.~t!-

.j~

on trw top or .biXtlJfTl oJ -he

~1I1j:

VIRTUAL
ririair';'. thi!-

HaYSE
compE!tlti~n

a ,peflilative

~1Imt' eer

[l1~l)lIied IJS t.[] try out

Ie .11..5I. I

liI~RTIIIAIL

"'f jdea~ on an antl rely dHl!:'re~~ s..f:al'i?

The ploi~ct hefe ..... tn Ililerafe wltl1 "" i!l!)~tr-~d band of qrnund - a bGno QI' "dlsJfUllti'li!i pott.eHl mi!t~rlaan -

"',S

t() produCE! 1I1 tern atl'l'e Ilrgani ~at loc.s to 1M (O[Il'el'lltional '[Qmpartmenl;llization o( du(.nest;(: S.piKE'_ Tih~ rna nip'ul~U!)fI01 t l'Ie gr~u nd in t I's!:~Se eI !flers lrumthe prevlo!lls cases, While i'n prS'I'iGus e:)f~~r· fmeiih. we I'I1IDlnlaln the Qrjenialillil or tlio surf".;e il'l respect to gfa I<lty, In 'the Virtu al H[]li.Is~ 1h iii!
reratronshij:!

E!lte prov,eocto 'Ilrtm!11 nos hi! ~eH!1itii:;fo paniPlF a prl!!tl)a a !Unit eo$(:a!I!!It::o mplll!'t;:lIli1eflte "m~re'r.tl~ las lIIlij~,m",~ id'~;!IS qlil@ Y,m ~"U!m05expue,s;iti' mh arriba Ai J;!rQIi)lis,l'tc all! etros CQn"'Ulrr~O!. AqI!!I !le rr,Elitaba llIe manipUll!lr Lilla plata'forrna ,1!ll:istrada de ea,racte ri·5,ti!;:"~. irreg ularas 'con ei 'Ollie tl\l(li I:I~ p r-e5'e'(ii'tar
aiterm!ltlvas a 1011 compaittiml!lltBclon t,r'!I;ii.Ciornal de. l~sp<3eio, d{)lIIles;t'icc. IEf! pr,o'l"~ctos, alf1lteor~(lre·~ Ih,!Dlfam05 enfoca!i!lCl I.!I !"e'la~161'1 entre Qravedad V supfi:l"fl~ie g]~ una miinillrill d'ete:rminil,!;! .. ; mil;!liItr','!I$

k;:!eop.s reW'rsI1'l(JI,e... r\' M(:<! OoII:n.e e

d~!!:~li'ia!J,amo5 cas la,

vlrtu,all',

ell

~<ln:'Ib!O. ""iMOS

~urlg[e

$h[fting cons'tlInUV Ilet\!,'een. .. linin1j <lml a \,(Fi1~plng comliliolln. II ai~ilon~1 ~ hiH in th~ pla n itl Cf83se-d th~ Clll1lpleNi'l'j' gj th.~ structure !I,S reQl'lrd~ Ilr'\'!ou~ project's. mllokjfi~ j! jjOS,slble to slack (JiH~Ulflt unlts te makE' f[J,f ~D'i U nil 1'1111 ~~,;!Iprcl Ifer ..,ljaon Q'I I'hoe b ody o~ In!: hOl!lsE'. The liolluw (IF(>imd that ,'ill! live 1:l~~1'1 dellelc pin g thmuqh 0 ut l!fIh rese arch projecl ~OQ~ 01'1 ~pi'llial

lJo50~'blllt~ II'I-E' slrucluf1l o'f

~Iterml'tl~e

a mere

pa,radigmilli~

state

III ttlls prejB["t.

wh~'~

1M ..

prQliferabing is an to tnt' !..Infta fiI!i!l:d (Iual it'!' 01' tl1~ 'gNlU n.a in tn.e Iml'~I(lY~ proj-E'Cls

Ih"t

we !liHI e~plcrM

hula el p'YI1~Q ff·e-cuent,(!mfllltie-. EI i:I@s.plazamlentQ .::H8g]ollalldel plano QUI!!IIIe·rrniUa Iia :~il.ipe rposi,eii06n ,lllmltai:la 'cle i£!'l'e!Y!eni:ti:!, Bum.mtd :101 COQ'lp,l:eJIHdad ,~splildal !le este IlrOvectlO1respect» de hil's.enterteres. p.o~'lin i,Uiiio, 1<1ii:! eoa(lei ~oti!'no utl'l" qu e hi! bramo!o estad I) ~,shJ:oialmlo y ,",~llc anlii{l dtide Ia,IIIues'ta i;!ifI mil Fe lit a die fIlUeitra, inlcl,l!Iitiva, al~am:6 W11nl'o'\£!lpar,aldi~rnoilUco; por otro, ta dl50'l!Jciliin ~ei marco q'IJ:e halbi'amQ$ e.xpilloraidio en otros p[l~ye<ctO!!, plfi!'c;edentes fie:!!.emtiOoc,o er~ Ia PQ$il;llUd,sl:Ii d'EI CFl!!ar ulila '£!'strY'dur:!l proli'ficaJ.
las CiiJOitterfs,tlcas o@ 'e'5,to~ "!'lYeY,!)S su!!los" s!3<rlia nece:SOllr'lo, ell prlme.F l'iJiijlO!f, liIaCe r r·!!f'~mnc~aa su ItM,UlrlllhiZa fU'fldamentallTll!n@ aetlva, Pol!;!emos, de'flnllrlo5 recurrtense II a'SII! ienticli:J eD!it,empil,rilneo die! t~rrnino, "'pi a'i.illforl!lla '" que 'II1!!~rd!l mas, r·e·I!l:c:iolil coi'l el ,eo'Mlc,epto de 5j5f~ma ,opl£!ratl'lO que ~gn la i!·ce[pCloll l:'la's,i(a, (je "bOllse II.;!!mill liIaoe ~e!'ls,,,,rr en 101 fHlutrali;;;:; .. dQoI1 d!!llm!lf'CQ de ,a,!::tui!l;i¢n"l 15 cnmclorn de ulii'i rOIllO,e, Idil-a,ll "apail: d,e' c!oi'I ... e·r'~lr Ira ,o!;lra arqult!ed6,l'Ilica . el1 uli SIIg'no 1~r;Jlble.
CCIot"

€li..il! II!.sta relaci'DIfl "OI'ml!lllliba c'Ol!lstaiitlen'lii)ln'te, d,e que i!fl1terlor 'II tl'xterior se IrUercllmblilbaln

eOI~I(:I.JUSION ;!i.$

~;DrI'''l!!nr:ls'' II is in t~~OOlll'l(l t!l p'olnt out tll~ir IImdllil'flentally ~c;1Ive, perative nllli.iffl; lli\.e:s.e emerging ",rouml~ o rO!'closer I'D the C(}M~ffio.oril'V mean "-'1:) 01 etatrorrns il~
"o pel'atin'Il Illat1'crm ilmll!1<1S(! ~~s teTns,~han to I -plintn,

an a tempt

1'0 sumrnarlZ'e

,'hE' qU<Jlitles or [nest' "ne-VI

eau !!i,E'NI

Para resIJmir

t hili;

l<ls$iUI prcduce

o[(.In({!Pt or nE!Ulrallze on iClcBI

lia!e-

irilill:ll

alms to frame,

the r'ietd 01 op.~raho~

to

N ,

bee KQro und fo r ,~rchill!o~luf'e to be~m E! i! NNld:Ullo IIgurc, Tlhe~e ;gra.1Jl'ld·S diM I,a ...e the determining : ccnciliolll o.f "~i!~"015a k.ind 01 ~ai\lr~1oolldiiion. N8W 9',,()ll!f'I.;I~ derive htJm II ilfolli~raflQn CIf Ihe field of

lIfllflatlofi
thill'

thall'll!

decide

1.0cons-tr!.lct

\/Jilhin or unitie~_

bevCIld

5,itl

to E':o:ploit cl!'r t til!') Oilf)"rt

I "*

1 ~

11 lIleW groun.ds a re not natural -in either physical or cultural terms-but are artificially :CO I'll st ructec: 2 new qrounds are neither abstract nor neutral and hcmoueneous, but concrete and diff~H!ntiated: tnev are neither UQures nor backqrounds, but operating systems; 3, n'E'W qrounds have an uncertain frame. a's the field in which they exist

11 son una eonstrueelen artlflelal y no un aspaclo natural desdl~ el punte de vlsta Usko nl 'tlUllihJllFal~
,2

no son ni aestraetos

nli neutres

nl t1,omog,ene,os, slao concretes V dif'erelilc lades -'es d'iCi r, (lIDo SOIrJ! UgUiras n. fondes, sillrllO sistemas operatlvcs-:

:3 no tlenen un marco uetermlnadc, ya que' el cernpc dDll'llde' 'e;<i:s,tenno es

ninl,gilnfralgme'nto, sino, un ambito (Hfelrencialdo V ,l'liIlfectado par procesos externos -dic.ho d,e otrc modo" Som, Inseparables die nuestra intervend6n-; 4, no c,olilstlhJlven u I'!Ii d,al'~Q i una rI re fe Ii'e llillcia.: 5 no son m,acizQ,s, sino vacros. y 6 IOf'e'sefl!lta n 'I!.ma, ,estrUictura diaq,em.all en vel die una estru ct.lIJlra ,deterrnina,da pOf ta graved,ald.
E.I ~s.c~fn. ~".... ~'i.:iII ~r~:;'i;ml'lIdCi ComD J!I"'l!Ir.t:iII!f,p I!J [;orn!!N'n.:ft Il~ filir:l'itth:l ~~ !o1~~~l1l y Id.,,,,,,doo ·2... ,. Iffii>onl"m~ ~I'I eo! i8!1'l~~tIQ ~In!)orl"": ~.Maml.ilioo pH'ICgricu-. ;.:rq.dl:llndu liili' CI'R;CQ hUi';.. ..... coop....,. ~n 11111 u'WP (s..nbE"ldIl!l~ JQlllrH::Iii i9Y7~, ~\fiiji" ijra i;1Tc.o_ 'nl .. rtce 11"i 'UM 'I1er.slii1l d~ ~~h! COn,"fir«.,.r;.I."

is not a Iraqment but a diH,ere'nUated

domain af~iliateal to external processes

~fhev are inseparable hom the

OIP'~IFa ion we carry out on tnem-: 4. fl,ew g rounds are ne'ither a d,al:um nor a refewence,;: !5 new grounds are neither saUd nor structured by gravity; and 6 they are' hellewand "'diagonally" structured.
c ....... un A1illl!n[(rola~liIiI:mh:lunf1~~'~ 1!:II!'Pf.d!1 pMS • .""nI"pi!!r#.,,,,, ... Il"r I. DRCQ M1H_~~
MgUDT1"4 iii

Co !..t~ ft~ p<~" ..

~.~I

... I. "",,10• _ •
~~

Qu. r~h,~
...

153"t~

..r.".~t

.4"1'!U'o<:t" •. '"'

l~o;11 II" I~ publ!!; dan. "'nulIl~'ill<!.lJllp I~ ft"IlA' 1J'~ •• te t•• (.(Ilif'<~"nd "" I"", "" cot", !'-4>!cUI.".

"'Qo'jI'''~

ln.t::"Ir.cu.

I'UJ.N,P

d,,d""

f'oli,if:!iIIilHIlMOII:=-:l1I'f1
;i\ne'j!lIl1ro ,Zura-IP,Qlo

A rthit(lCI:!, master O'eQre"l' ::it tl'\C' UnIver~lty Ql

Hi!lrl"arfl. TnEl'p' collaborated ~ur~·1

~rlilhl~ MO'llsl'I'vl A.le,I1l1lnoCll\D Zi!er.Ii~~PQI~ A.t\tjtdtedll!~ y master de

la Uliliver5id.;!,~ de' Harvard. hOI'" eelaborede I:OIil OMA.

Lit tile OM;!!, <I nd nlOW beach

.;l't thE' Archlt~

Assoc 1etten

LQne on)

and

13'irrnlPil,rten e !'~5e~ eil1l ill A rc h~tectlir.;~1

A$~o'cliat!gl'! ~il! Umal't:!s

tile Berl a(l~ Insiritute !A f'I'iI~ter[jaml.

i!!11

dle

II!I !3;llrli3JQilIIIS'mute Amdertlalm.

IF WE THINIK OF TH [ SURFACES
F'lOORINIG COlOIRED Of AND DlfFER'IEINTLY

or

111E TIER~ITORY
WITH CARPETS,

AS TH [

DRAWINIG !ROOMS DOTTED PATfERINED

BRIGHTLY

WE CAN A.lSO THlIE~ IMAGII NE POllE~TII.Al

SLI PPEID IINTO THE LANDSCAPE,

"ARC.H IlEClURES'"
II~ lUIR'N

AS VIRTUAL

CAR P E TS

AND COINCEIVED

Of USE

LANDS
MANUEL LANDS: ,'Iii "''''NOS: QPE'RAT!V'E 'C,'U~PETS We no!!!' pri)'j)o~e' thE! id·ea of Land In L~I1Id·'Ioperalive lanO~~ijpe- oller "host land~cape·'. TITIIs en alll~:s.[I ne to ra II E!~t on t hI! irlill ~.::~ndl ti~ []if the old Mlions '~hilt !n'o'YrdhMe cl1altlitterizE'd ac1ioo on ttl" la,nd~e:dlle., [lHioo:;o n iJ.a~d en tft.:: tr~dll;iQnal "fig~re'9r(>u!ld" hierarch¥ -Han edln, rl~Ufe on an e~Pill'l~1 ~ g ro Lind" .- afld I h;;!'!~ ~!.Jb~tlt!Jtion by !rue',\1' Inte' pra'La tio.n s open to a lu,.1 Oft or cOiltoLlrs.. to a dr~,!;tl!YtIOli gr linE!s of fimi.tatlt;m -,as Iii Ulose fields 0' pjxeJ~ in i1igil,a1 repre:5.enl·ilt'Ofll 'I\ItH!I'8, ",Her prCHJul'!.~I~!:! zonms. ollt'lln es are- u III m~ tel" d iluted
In rnOlle abslrad ani;llml;lrl(dtM

GAUSA

webs-.

,J ust IB thE! city has dll~p"'r'$ G I'tL~ Ii mi t 5 whiclti used to sl?j)Qra te II trorn tlrle e~tf!lif'AlJr~1 lerr it,arv. SiD the IIIr.:hoitedonic project 'an dlliuse its Formal fealyre~ In new "'lransitionOlil 'l oQ(aphies". The !echnh:;al the i nereasoa pess illfliti as [If new computer I~chnol~y now J)errnit one to poslt ill de'orm aHOll 01 t he an ,1@l'lt Euclidian s t rue tures, trafl·~'[O.niln~ therm lnto d~n!ll'llllt:: ~paDl!$,. movements 01 il'ltefsectiGn. funt;tflJna,1 rJuctu"tions. overlap5 bHue-eo dlffe'rent Ip~el~ wl'lil;il orient lhe new arc hitectu rEO iO'Willn;]s QUII~i-O'~Olo~lc~1 prores ~Ifl~ C"oli~i5ting of rnultl·iil'lOrOO wperlmpositlons ang imtiriclltions: spaces 01 r()l(Jin~ rathE'r than 01' pti$m~lti~ volumes; !}mQfdm rnolie ~c'OI1l1 PIi c~I'fOI\1", or all uvlum, ra tl1Clr t 11<1nrecle<lerm il'le.:1. pure p "crr--Ialloqraj!'hl ". TCPlJgrapbiE!!> ratller tnan
vO!umehles. OlOlllil~tlOri
[If

concepts and

ne'lll structurlll

lind corrsfructlcnal

L.AN'D5 .r. l.AI.f!I!D'$I: I!I.I!.FCI'rilBIA:.. S i!I'PEII!I'.• iI'~"'''!!!, Plante-amos <I,i'lOIf.~' Iii nl:lcf61'1 die Land in !..mdl; "pais.aJ·@' ~pe FilltlVQ" 5,obre "pa i~·"j~ ,anfi1irron". P'E!,rm~re~!!~.I~~i(kllI!1Jr SO'bf~ I.!I ,~liI~'e'~ad6111 tas alFlltiguas deceneepelenes qlll!! l'ii!illirfal1l ~ara,'teliizaalo la <lcch5i11, S'OoN! ej pals.!!j!!! b<!lsada'ii> en 1,011 trad.lelo'nl!lll jl!!ra'Fq!.!'f'O!I"fI'~ura'f"'IIIIiQ," -,,·t'i·gur~ edlHc~.a s>l!lbr~ e~II!fIPO< ftllld·o"'_, l!i!e Y' su s'U~ttrtudQIfiI DOr n.lJevas Intertlreta c ',ollles all I·@ r·t'!I~ ,~ II n 8' fu ~i61!l de l'otl'5 C:O.l'ltO·FilOS, a una dl~olu!l:hSI'li ,de-!0!5 lin~<l5 de Ifmite -ceme en 'E!50& calmr~HI! ae ~1l'1 e IS" de I a r'!!.ln~~~l'It1l e i6iii griqlita'i Ellil 'IC!<s ~ Qll.le,. tras progrilslvos loom:!;', 1';5 :5ilue-i'as aCabili1 dillU!(,~l'l(lo,se eon tremas !'ill'! al:rstrO!r;;t<ll5, It ;imbrlc:;II:I~s-. Iglual tjlle I III ciudl<la ,ha dI5p:e·r$~do !Oi!i Ilmihl's q!lll! 1,8!l@,Il'~r.OIbal!l de tes antigtJos te ..rltoriOS ex.tl"amums.lam,b1I~1I elpfoy-e!;:OO' ,~r'1i'!.!llt",d"oli1iicoplle[f9 dllfulTiln~r $'1.!15 j;lerfill:s 0111 lI1·uevoliS ";eCglraUn (t!! traniS~(!a:r'l'·. La a,p'lica~,lo'liI tll!'tnic,a cie Fluevo:!! cOfl,cell/tO$ es:tfllu::t lIraif!s 11' c:o,l'IstrlUC:tillos 11' 1011 pifotun,fli :!ac:ion en las pOlllbllHdaces die los naeves medias infrm"l1at:lt:Il's p~w'ilillen !!Ilanteilr. hoy. una dt"I·jj,rm.~,r;;ilonde' las alll'tl(JI:I.~:~ ~~tr·u~tu'ras lIudldl'slflas ham;.r'ormam:i·elas en ~~p:a!:~O$ dln~l'i'ii,:o$. mgvim,iJe-nrttis !:Ie 1,l1iter~ecd611, '!ILlC:llaclon~'ll fl.mciort<lles, so.r'llpO'Imlentos e,i'Iltr,e: l1I,ilo'\BI~!I dl'<ll~r~Il':!iqiLIl;!'n:mit'el'l la nUIW.!I !I,;quUectura iii I'IrOI:9Si}!! C:lIsi i!:je(loldgQ(:o:5 hed1I"'~ me'Cliant~ 5uperposl!:I'OliU~S, eoim!;)l"icac:,i;;mI5 lII"Iul,tlc.apa; e:!i,~i!c:F.o!i de' pUeg'!J!!, .m~s q!!!e' vohJmln@iS prlsm~t!:~oQ':;; '''~v~5aiS'' J]rClgr,am.itic.a5, de aUuIJ16n, ma5 i;!u·e "crista lograUu' , j:'iiji'as,

predet£' rm IMda$,
iop'0'lIf<lfpa5 ma:s q,ue ",'O·lu!ii'!etrf~:>, A ·!lS~.ind1lnilmfi:a.s lilfO :seriia ajoE!M ~II.1:'O,i'I!:ldt!r.aci6n del vado como "marerial il!I1Qul'tl!'ctt6n.1'c(j," de primer ord@onr, no taMe por 5lU e\Hlli"ltUi!l1 Io!ali(j,r "!'1·<!rtYr~IU" corno jiior :~II rmJi'1ort<llll~e ~Iomponenite a,D!St'raeti). i:llhuDI, m;!:5 .a,liIa del' pmdomllnrlQ die fOIlterme -1188 cuall(l,ai;l amliliguill dc·1 I!'!l,p~c:-IO ",en neQatl!l'o"" confO,rlfli'i<!r~h;)' Ill;lr u<lu~enclil~s," mi;lJs I!Il.Ie·~O.r "pfe5encias,"-, IUl1Ia"a['Qlilib'i'c'turBI del I,t',ado" plleae' pla.fIIil!lIfSI! ef'lton.ce5, tambll~nl, eln, fleSOllilllllc:ia con Ias CIUJlii:l!a_·ijes de [Jill "pals,BJ~'·' e:S,I;i'<ldo II bre'" Imt r\ll'i'il!f!t~IiZ'''I;;Ic, i precis Ell'lllent.~; ,~I t r~ de
1

It w~u Id' not bo ~'o[(!1QI! 10 these dfl'lilmks

emptv

10 eenslcer

SllflCII! as a .prtrne "ilr~h itedon II:: m eter lar, nol' s,o much tor lts ~venlual "naILJr~I" I,IjjIU() aut fill'

above

tts i lIIr;;.ort,mt iilntra.::t. dirfu~e corneenen t he p're~oj)mijj~nle of fo[]rIn -t hal

t,

Q .... i!'r

~ Il(J

am big LJOtJ,5

quatity. 0'1 f! "nt9dti\le" space dl!termln~d iJ.)" ~at)se ntes" rnOf~ t hllfl by "presence$"A.n "ardnlt-ec;tum of m~~(]id" can eiso rnen M out lorward, 11'1 te~On"nLe with {he qy<!,illll;)f. of art "Open
liI,n{1~(I~~e·s!)~,cll!'''· irls:lr·ument,aMzed. ,n

ri~~, bacausa

ffi'lll'!lf&sl:M. Ti"I~s woof.d b~ a 1'1 a roC hJl~c:t~re of o~erl ilppll'}!J ~Uirrm::e~~ "grmmd;s on otner gl[[]'undS~ "~ril!5PIII,e~·aD~I'I(e~" .. posi1.ed from th~ IP~t~doOlk~J !:Q mblnatJori (11 "dBJl~Dfka1"i Dn
aM sky ..... ouJ;1 tH! jw __r(ylf\l

o{ it~ specl rkall ~ ~~acant" q ua,llt~es;115 an open "fo.rce-fleld~ cressad b~ I.... ~ightlln(l~,.. rleld in ide whkh ~lIrrllil:~' areal. herjzcn, 111 mll'Hlng of earth

~'e'"

SIJIS ,prol)ia$

CUOiJ idEides "",a eal'l'b~!l";

(Ie fUienas" cruz,BleIa jiier amillias maliJi'Il'.~tarrriin CQ!f!(;ontllm:lem::ie las .5~pernr:: Ies, la·,s h orllO n tes, ,105 encuentres 'I1!rd,fl!',!:IIe-I,t) 'i Si'Ue:llo. Serla g',da lIna ,~rg!l!i"te:!:'hII!I'a'
d@'Sllpl!rnties,

"c;amp·o/· al:! I@'rt:o lim~iIIs d@ fuc,a, en el Que ie

Ii: orne

S{I!aJpada,s:"1l1U~los,

!:IOb~

QUos

li,uelos".

iI,na ellS~1'1 D~.. ra I1ce~. If .....think of the ~urFace5 o( me UXr110f\! as tile ~ tieorl n!,l of draw lng' moms dl1tted .,.illl b righ,~Jy wi []fed imc!l tliHH~ntl,!, patterned carpets.., w col'" aJs.oti'!~n ImaQi nl! p otel1lii iii "a r~h it~~tlJras" '.lli:ppM Into t'he lalnd~ealill!!, Illlld [once'lied '"' bYf., a s vi rtua I ca rpet ~ of iJ~1<! -thick. dense ~mlJlHl~ awp r~ceptive open
space c,f ;I ot,eliln (l Can be tlleu-ghl o'f as a luge ~oid -t[l be jifte!:! oUl- '!i1·r~'1e..gjcaI11l' mark~t:I OLit D'Il2lquipped c:lott!n'J& -gef"'~Le (oaglll~e~. S,Qcan the strudLfrrnq O'f ceri,,11n illnd!>capes b~ fQrfQlJiillt~d, IB Qua IlUes preser",ect tl)rO ugh bhe pll!'ci se slll n~ (It I'rO'Qtamfl'l,at:i~ Qr(!oUM~ whitl; ~re no~' r;:am(lY"~i;!f:'d, E:iut fa t he'r sUpped ,0111,,,, tM 1!l1ni1~,cap'~. In e1fed this flO IQl'!qJ~ n'elln5 "parliliQning ~p.aCQS; OW. or e\lii1~ ".Dar(elljna UM~ out~. bur arti';;lJIlatlf'lt;JI >ltti '1itie 5 in a pr~'r~r"'OI~ rl wW, oiJe~l ~p.ilii;:ejnter.s!)ctF· Sl!'d with s.ervice "hollow~" or m~ttings ("I'tegative" dc["ulilulalQrsl whlcll would disp-laV a preocC~lJl!Ilior'

QrolJ"ds~ Ju sot 11 S the

'jp~'e:5,e:lllciil51'allSeln,r::I,a!i" pl.an~eaoda5 d!~S!doB cambinOicign I.!II - parradl6Jlea- ei1·tr,e ''d!em,i ficlldiin 11' des ap<lri;;:,IQI'I". SI Im.a,gililamos.las, slJperfic.ie-s, ~e,1"terriitoll'io como j,j)!!; IP;!,'O'imen' t'D~ de c'i,~·r1:o:s, S,;illone!O p'limtllladQs poor alf¢lrnibras (;olorlstas ell!' motli"'o$ dhrer5o:s, Fl'oocl'~mO!li ef'ihm~'Ii!s imiill.,.illliilr, tambl~i'1, ge'sliz",da~s en ~.I pais,aje, gosibJJe's ''',arqul,t@dufaI5u tDIlICebldas,. EI :SII "'ez, ",Qornavirtual"Bill alf(lomtlr~s, tie il!~Il' =~uer.os 'grul!'sos." delll,soSi, 5·otJ,m s uelo~ ~ID}r:~$, f'e'r;:~ !JtOI'l!!5:-.
DI!I FfIi~mo modo que el e~pado ile lJna ",,'I""I'e'lIaa pu@ti!!

COfll::eiblir'5!ilI'my com,(Ii Utili grail v<ldo e:s.trllteqic:~mellte atlaii:!ado ,pOi' ~INmQS ~ql!lllpad'(lis -'r;;Q.;i'ilU~~Nidie 5JElr'll'h:lo'-, tambien la e8h'ilJji;tIiilr;~IiI;i'r;'iJll e r;;iertos piIlls.aje'.$ ~I!ede' d f'Ofmui.!irs,f!o p[e'~ervallldo!;IIIS cuallda,dl!'$ me,!:If,mt'B 18 uole'l!c,16fl F.!yli'tuill r;le slJlelos p rogfam~U"q5 no ·I::amufla(!jos. sllflo desll,l,za.fios sobre' ell]:liilli5aj·fl'. 'fal no s.E! hat-a, en ~t~cr~, de "taibi'car e'~piiehll~",nll tam!llQ(;o d'll: "IPi3irc@llIf IJI!;OS~. sino d'B arHc:ul.Br' .adh.ridadle5 ·el1ll1n espacEo [lrer,ei'e(iltelliiEl'lII~e flllllldCl, IIblri!', taln solo p&lIizcado por "C'uenEa~" -,Bter!lSde sen'ic,lo (alcumulal:!g;f\a-s; '''elll rt9!!Jat:i1f1l")'

l\,.;th co-lonillrll~ tM lant;is,[ape -qDjng beyoml the agll!-old Qi:;tlnWon~ Ilttwe-~n urblilni!ablli! aM lion' urbani~ able suaee- tJ.v me~ns ,of mechanism ~ o~ jnliftratioo and di:s.!o!ii1 111~, ecnamsms m nololi~er ILnk.ed to slrid I!JMm~tnr: uestens but Ihavlng a rr(;!(lr ~mj flIt}rE' ;;:Q<nsfdt'rG:::Ico-nfl~!i,!r9tlon_ Moechanism~ which 'NOUlld wor 'I;~ ~In$ertlr\g", wdensilying" 11M "preservm g~ all at once, rJirect ini!er ...entio1l on thG ground ..... QUlI1;lI e underb ~t~(ji, t he n, as Intl!r'i'~ nhon go alii "a-r[ hilectollicl~M" "Did, A ",ide f.!f,(m~i!' WQiJre'Ci emr;ltin~~l in l'I'hiCh We 0:r01ell:t woy;ld nO t now tlce e rf!:"t~~ t hrgLJg h lhe prto r cl;)nflgl.! ral i CII Df d ~ert Ica II~ ecnstructad mas'S -arcnltecture as "edilic tionr"- but thmugh the r",s ruct ur ing 0' hori:!Gnta I su rral;(15 -dun es, relie rs,

'qUI! revela:rli!11 uila I)lr!!ooCIJtpac:li!illl IPor C:Q";lI"i~ar el pal sa,ie' -'mli:s de ,,,':; ~nt'jiJy,a'~ -ci Ist lnetenes entn f!,spoacio IIIFbari,hZ':lIrilI(! if 1'1,(1 ulrbaFl~z~tlle- a paft~r {j~

ana

rrencnes,
tallon~

or

fu lns
,3,

etcete.FII'~~!;

I,Q~OmO'rph Ie

man i fE!~-

pol£ll:lll ia I alr"tiricial \1t'Cgr .pn~which is a

[lot 'llr removed -In its spotia, ImilQC-rram the more

nl!tu r,~1 Ollie. ~o lid growmd!:, .or Nin ~Orlrig urad as araas

d~E!111'1111tracl6111f di:!Otan,ei,amielllt,o ' no Ilg'ill:lo:5 ya 01e$trictos t,ra,ZadQ5 ~!:l:)mlHlrico$, SliM' d'e cO!1lfijIlUl".;!~i61i'1 mh Ilbre e iinte'hdtina(jl~. [)1,8pO!l~1i:i'i,i'o5, que' ildu~rJ;al'l "~IIIS!ffrtilindQI", "de'ns,il'IC;'l~do" V "prt'i>Il-,rvall(!O" ail m,i!:m'o tlifmp~, Ell tr!lbajo direete SODi"leel SUQ'lo 51!''Eln;tenderr,!i!, i)'!.!e'S,como un tr5!~OIjQ'!!.obr~ UFI vacio "arqi.!itect'o,nl~!ldo.", UFI 'Vide fa~orU'i~ el'l el'fjll@ '9C proyeo'~o no S~ @f@chf1nfa Yil d'e~de lollconfigura' ciOIl Pl"iolFitarlla de !~ mil,Soil C'DIiI~truida NI ,!I.ltur!l -Ia ,arquite~tur<l 'como '~edm~a,dQ'ii'i~-, lnQ de·sd@ la rS<!<tst'F'!!~t:ur,i!d6f'i ,!!!, ~ d las superrfli'cies Ih,Orlzoltt<lI'IH': dfulla~" fMle';i\£!!>. est@r,a:., t riilrll;:hE!r,a!O, 1l11'e-'JIJIil!~, '. COIfl'!!:l M<ln I rJesUicioH05 etc tOlPtOom6,rfilcOis de, IIIrbtlJ pO$lo.le g;eognllfia ,II,r'tlfltiall'l'o muy t!in~nte -'I~m 'SoilS, imagelle's ~$pacii!!f~s- dcr aqueUa milts MturaL S,l!Jil'los 506IiC!OiS. dl!lpo:!Oiti'lo,~ con.'ll'(JuM,do8 a mellUlIil<o' como pllahlformas d~ tlraiisilo, '::jill! e'stab~ecerien III riO!! pr Im~ra e eta ,de ref ere nr~ i~, rasQad,tll ~Q r i'n,cic$ioQ!1e~, ram~as" SUlrC05 y lP'eliletrarciol'lBS '!l'~~rarh~g'ic:a.s. 1m de' ,dle-still8d BrS a art'icUllar j:I'rog Filma's: elrl t ril'l Ch ~ra, i:les.J!IlrrlJllados en senHdo, (:onhllr~o al orw(!O\l(CiJRelieves'll balll:lejil:; c:i;!;:~ii'<!d.!s, e,oll,forrmari.m, O!i$li, ITIl!levas, "estamu;tar::IIOJieS" ,sol:ir!l! ,el terrenQ'; ~~isi!ilj!!s min€f<lles eoJ'l I!os, que tes rmoviRIIle'iltoQiS 'iJ los flu) os o,ca tlOlrfg n .. rt iGrul,~,ndQ Slit ·'b.aIo jpllilltQ" eili, superficies clflcel<!td,;!~ <! ras d'i!' SUllllo,1 G~Q<IJ..a'H a,! CQ'l'Is:~ruida s mas ::jU!:! .IIr'qul1Je1cturas. Ge-091'0!rfr~!: dand!! I'~ eMc.u;,ia de III ar'qilite c1'IJra IliQ fad IC:<lrr!lsn Iia definiiii61i rigllrratllvd del!)bjebg, ~il1Joeiil II! pfopia Calp.iilCidl.u:i

or, jlJ'!rsaOIf, Wlllll;h wo.uld establbt'l <l first le ...el or 1fI!"er'0nCo , 'i!terated by indsiol1Os. ram[:l'5.fl.lrrows and matflQIG Jj-ene'ratil;!l11~ of IIQ!lt Inttlndll'.(j to <!r!lcUlla'e "~nUcnc"'(ld" p1l!)qrams, de\l"~If!.p~H1 jl'l the unorfhudoa sens@' of ~he 'lYCl'rd Ifl tld~ 'tlay relii?f5 and inris!!d !!~llanSE'5 lNouldl ~reate n~w "~m IJJlrm~ on '!I1e ter rain; rn'lnlJf ill '01n~s'Lafl'E'5, in whiCh mo'l'em~nl anodllu); woQuld ul[jm;!tei'r be artie u'i!tec -<It a lowe r leve'" '" @ngrB"'ejj $!J rti! oes flu:!rf!i with 't11l~~rou,nd_ > liIlore UI~"" Jr~tmecllJre~, co,~strllcl(j!ll ~ eO~faphies, GIi!l9r<l1)11les in whl ~h the [ el'fE!c'li ...enil'S$(If 1M arc:h.ite.cluii'~ ~Ollifl rial' be b>ils.ed Oil th~ liogUFlill1foe (leflnlticn [If the object, but QIl !hl;'
adUiil np.:i~ltu ~o

prapoS-e

a new ab~I!"~~L tOf;.1<O~, againsl

II:s if ilV'{ClI",il"lll M~~

pressed

~h<il' I'ilnl:lOI"

pane, the old iIlr,sl'r!iltdc contaillers ~ilrlOu~I.t"d <llJilln<"t

the 5Dl~ gi ...e WJ", to n~w "rn<lg ma lu:·· terms 'rl aW~I'}~g .aq a~1i 51th ~ terr III n: c:rOU(hhngf,Of rns in '0'1 liie~1-In a rich PiI,i!idOX- ihe reo of a Qllilding being its IIlIlin necr InILHn,

\'Ioula eml u~

n ls nO, h:mge-r, tMrerore, ;;I Qu,~~liarL Il~ c[tl1tinum~ to create i:J.eauliPul "volllrAeS e~po~e(J ~\(] tl'lE! liOtlt", but ".3m!JrigIlDiJS l'aMscape5 oe~JXI~ed be tM :!rKY", I'WOrld en~'ave5 ~d P"IOIIl Q'f IJ eni!r~ tin g tlheir OW" o~er'\J\'. Fiel!:ls wilnin rl"lc:ls. Lilnc:ls In Lands
~ T~ ~~Mt tl",t Il ~ ~"I"nlio!l ItoQUIl' fQ 11'o~ '""tb«,'. "L.r.d A,ch' L.nd!lUlp. ,9fl~ ., eh l€1N'n. .'C.h pr.tJjI;~heolll~ OuntJeor", J1I 2 n. 19-';'8,. :2 CI, r.llrtc ~ nlm,l~~I~hrn~nl 11'~Ir C,Lils.qc-wp-olet;:t I~ lr~ 0

ili!e prOPQner 1111llI'UE"i,r'o tOj:)O~ .albshacto. Como si d!~ caras ~pn!ti3ida.seentra eMcrllsh'l !l~ trataraJ"lo~, anUglUos coltt~l1iedOFeS, I!risrn&U,c,o,s fIl'Cortdd'!)$ contra el ,elello deJalr! POilJ5Q<I!lir <! [l!,!e'll.!S, formai "malllliatica,~~ ,1I,pl!ls,tadas contra ,e-I 'beor r!!'n.!],.forma~ aga,z.iilpa,cI.!I!. ~m IISS que -en Ui'i!) ferrt II IPillradojlai= la ,clJbiert" dp l!Jn edificic' at a Iliar f i!I S I,!!!'mlll a la1;'ii':l: Sf;! prrncipil~ sueje, "('a no !;~ hllta entonces de' Seri]lulr ereande bellQ5 "'I,I'olulmenes, tlaJlo 1.oJ lu~", SiliilO "pa,l,slIJf'1 ambiQIJOos bajo ,el cle'ol' ...Endi!v'es mesti~'os C,t;lj181C,e50 ~e-nel'ar su propl,B enenJia, 'C"'IMPO,~ die dfmt.ro, de otros Untl!P'os. Lal'ld.s jn .!.o'!~lii~s~
tEl:-Jlo Un.!! ~OfII'lrti'LI!l.:iOl1 [i!,1tl!ItJIi!!'ldd eJ!trl:ukl paluh ~.. r~Ult:iiI.'::~fir\l, nU_"-I'05; ~3que~5-", pulOllc.dilPO<" QuO<l...... nlim. 2l7,19'i1~, . 2: I,W.... nJl"< .. nllrk: m..,,,,.le 1i.1 p,or •• I" p.... C;I. . ,on c.t~fO'oi!tt t'~r~at'll~. 'I~M, I t:.. hii iiiiiil'Jill~r, Hi w.sJI't' 5~MId'a. 1I;i!lohr.!!i,t.!li~ rdl!' InfU:s~~I;;J~d;6111 pn&lk+ntiill
~L~

,""I>!,"

'I El

.....u:'ld-An:1ii:

."Iel, ..,.

c".t",!o!l.[W.[l~l,;,Ill

r ~~

r... ..... n, rll

P3m'K, 1':.1~

~ II'I hdl re~p"[t Qn~ mlqht ~oinl i O~" ''' .... IjM.rl ...... n 111 mII"'1 lecent " .. :;hIf1r!lO"po,'m.ents, nol~DI~ lno<~ die'l~oe-~~ Iii AIYI"ltp'.n;~ B!1Ik1g!:l In'!.tuu~1e' 1Il..1ihllJllh~ 1~1jl·93 rQLrn ~.~, I rlr~ .....bl,'t R..... 'rft'), ~~~ .., ~ft.;rt <>= '199!Hl~ ~11!or\:l,,_
5!Hr~

n..,.t'.n.

"""iP~"" P.,'''_

"II."'.

'dIlU1I"fOtI..atr-:-S. In.Im-t·l(lM1'ti!!(ifl'l~nc:las tin ~[]..:~ niles B~tlr.rn ..... I!!n'lror. J.i!l1 Q1Je (llMiKlrlm 1.1:5.Il"Hlrn:ffajja!lo I!f"l @I Btfl!iqrt

Di 'JII~!!-t'

re'!oyll1i

IifIrQrm

I'h~[!

III'J~~.

IM1Jtul "~ "'m'~.I!II.", dur.""" lo~ GU'I~J 1!I'n..g.J ~rho g f"rNlrk ~Im~ ~ '~'jo5-~~ ~J'"~r.. ~ .I.~UB.' d •• ,,~o~ 'I ',~"~J . ••
i'lCIl

,"p~!!n

H~~iIrI

1In."'fl~s.

'"
I

",.

Z!JtiJUJRI!:!I jCO!i!Cl'~So. ~gSl~3 Pr~~..U. ~~Y"i "I",,~+'~~I$'!" !)121~lJr~I-2Irilch::I2Ii~ !I 1\f.filo'.h i.1~ I"".Jn21
~u~r~I~I~ hn~liiiU!!ir ~ti!ilEu!jj~ ~" nle,l!li...~:ti PlIiIHiijin.;;LI~ (i:li~ii:ilill{li

~ IPr"'\lr.rn8tk.~,
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r~"mp.tmeo'l, ~9~
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THE IROOF OF A BUIILDIING

IS ITS IM,AIIIN FlO'OR

RE1LIIE,IF,S

P'ENSAMIENT'Q
fHo'UGHi if'DR pA.sSlc:.As-B'Y

PARA

IPA.SEANITES

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,Oil Ih~~ wln.-:i(lW 0), Ti1!"'hqiJ't'~ f'illr to

Il eh{>i~ti'. d~r'i~~, b~i ~'r !a:>;ll(idltn(~s Wi! h ,~otl1ll1(J lief oal IIDOI.It'tnem, I,'",e 5fe!1l 5iomctl1iln-a slmtlar II'! 1:1'I(} nomGld I'!'o,mcn ~'hct,o~FOlphedil n IOVO ito's T80 il!OUSo@i> U! ~ ''f'h~ illl~~lIl&n-c~ 0' ~Oi'l"l(!'tlilnQ ~tlo1il!ifilM Ul~~ M 'l:1'I~ sUff~CII. as you ~no'll!. The Flamm! WOmill'l prepOlIrO!s i11!r'~ ~n r rollt 001'1M m iJfOr, ~l'Ig i~ re~d y t:o cl'!filAge I~: ~!"!@- ~!!'I~ I1rl!!~S'l!!d, cernes tier hair, le'tlRS ~orw.!irds.M ~!J1l 0 n 11'1 ~M up IYitll, tl1e ~!lrnotl:!\r'lig ilit\{ <!:If tM nNwo-rk ff10\i!ii'i"l~ !1t~ IMf.tlrt witlil wlirch 11 ~ieCe ur furni tllJre I~ tluil't,

1.00~ III the ~OSIIJ res, !n8 m~""l!mcnt~ Qil Ii tsl tors re t'11e-m~seum: t hey su rely Moa ~ t 11{leo n!i(!Mc~ Qf' ... ~. a{)me5t~c; trave! ler, me C!~ ra~IQI'I (lIr a 0 !afli:C O"'Cf t:tie~r ~Il olll aer at somec nil' WOIUt;1 no tJiV. 11'1811 nett YO

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mUIY peco. tD'iUllIii,siadQ IlIjQ!~ Ipalra reconccertas cen ,prrl;!«;i~,i:"". O~~e'r: .... ! Ia $ Illg$ty rOll$,~O$ I'ii"IQvrmif;!l'IItl)s cle I 0$· vrl~ < It<Nltes, de I mU5eOi: siFl d!Jda tlenen ~a!con1u,an::la de' iIIl'I Vi~,~ero d'O'iiile$tie~, III i:IIl!lr'~lclo.!iI dl~ IoU m~rlld:;l!!: ~ow snelma ,d)!!1 ~'HlliI"'Illml ,B, IIl1gllli~n aue pa5ii1. IM'IJ.. lmie-I'It;(l~ iIil5tifrfiv~~ plr~"'~o~ ~ IIIUrla,e!e>Ct~iJ,n. !!x,p!!rl!!llIdas d'E!!iI~.£Ii!i. Dn!'Vr!!S. Y :S!!c;lurilm'lmh~ l'Iadill!{@iFhiil,I@'.S, He' lI'i~o 811gg $-e'mej<!n~e e'l'ioI,a.~ Im:Yj~II~$ n6mar::l .. s.fotllCJIi.!lfiM~~ @II 11!!IIS eases tEI,CI., de' 'Toryo It", {:2)i.. L>iill allarilmda d& ,oligle itil7!er.mte re5~dJe, yii!! sii!!bE's, en Iii!! ;!01II1l-erf,ide. L .. muje" .,Q!1had.;i l,alj:lF9palf.alfiFllnt,o' al O!lp@'Jo, 1l:!l:t.1 "'~la ~araC:ilmbiarla: Soel vi~,le, s~ IP~ina; Se int!i",O! POI!''''' magui~IIO'!!"~e' CJ()!i1 la m~$rn .. 'fr~gmdM qUI! ~!Ii r~d ,C(I,r1 III C111111! ~>OlfIs,.~ruYI! ,I}" mllJi~blll!. S{l !,.~$ vi$ i~a"'Ee$ il:Ie I !inli,~eQ 'e~ta,1i1i ",,'01 eli! eol m,Ui~eo. in!!'Iilt r!)~'
tiOI

"j"1i1~ vi ~iroOfi. to t n;;! ri'lu~lwm ~,rE- flO/IV t,h~ rIO', In~iode7 NO, ~n tu~, TM'ft' walk ~I(iwly 4cr·oo!;:!;the rooB" They ~tJ5w
wh~~E' thBr'rB~lIlkin9, ifi'Il'rii'lll!:!~n~ Mr~:!IM i:lE'ne!lth U!leir feet then> an~ ff'I~t~s o~~r lM,e._ The 1l<l.J"diriCj

€!l'u:imOil.,

~~irlowrl~artK Th,E-s.Ba rE ~h E' ~Il a~e!l Qr dil",t.iol'i, Yow are rla~I[Jhing t:ne ~O'.s.U f'E' Gr 'tilE! new pessers- by_ HM' t:l'~tSer~'bV arl! nol l!lumr gtlld~~.~:r ta~o Mifll~t~_
TI1ei r tl,~bi1: is

A.1iI1(!~'11! I;g'rl Ill;!;r!tity~ PQr i~~ t~(:hQ~, $",b~ f) d,Q.flge !:li~;!I,n, Eiajos,lII:S !l,les hay mlllma·tr,C1s ~i.1I11{ 'i metros nn&, alia. lE:I ecdl'ldo ,~:!;t,<'i 11acla !ll:iaj<o,. Son ICis ~~,pO!ci(l:; g·e la !Ji!<iI!;;iQI'I. E:;;t~,~"~Ii:'ngQIO!IPQ:;;tlo!rO! ,t!~ tes I'iU!!V~~ [!l!1I:!~.!lIIt~~. I.!I)!> pOIse:'mtoel> no $,~I"! lJy:iO!!> h.'l"i~tiC:'!;I~, l!lJi:til~~rl~m iSlOl:!>. Sill h<!Jlllt'(l @:~ como d~ pliomell"Q, S,{>1[1bllscad"C!ir~@s Q'lJ'e HI!!;!'<I!1it a tefrrlo rio!~ ~ilil !,!1<l111'1)5 ]lre'V iQ'~~' se OIVe-Ii1ti.U<I!'! a' ~malJi!!O!r ~i!i$!ll$ ~ar~' Ittrllvg!lGllrlos. tD·OIlll~lfI:8In tes trav~d,o's, cOlllvil!rte:nll!llI tf;ilil~itOi~CY'OIIIC1u~,e re:);teon$~iJ,fI. IJiI1CI tuO! IICilui~rO!de5u~ tr;J:o~ 'e':. ya ~llprllmer OODJet'fl CII'I,~Il'Fltlra!Olo. Un obJdo por el 'qUill te' pru'B'flles

t 111li1f HH~ piOI'ioI!!~r,they o

These

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raach 1.erri toriE!.5 ..... ilh.otJt Fi~edp!Cln~ i fftl~~i fie I ines teo he crMsea.

and llE!n~Ufe bn lin E!$ dom iliOl;te

t~fksionil'\to .31 t~.am,~.lt .An", on,~Gi~ tille rn I:; Lhe fjrs~ o'bj E!(t to ,be tou nd, ]1,11 object 'f[}I!J can move around be fore yOIJ s;ta.rt, And! I'I'liloic reverrberat~s. h ls a h'tilming: I am y-Dlllr VIa ger.
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mover

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C'OilileillJZ,jl!,r.

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SOli1'1l!'tirnes the PCl~!>~r!;-~ Ch,IlOS~ ~ryday Cerrii:ori~5 'fo-r the a<1ll ...enture: and a fi nger (~[et's go this wa/!{") or ~ mter ("I!JQII.". "don't. [!lok") t!;,lFlll th~m In!'!) thE! !E'ITitory {]f ~he u nusuat They wrrite on them, llike an t he fir~I' rna ps o-f Am ~ri("a" terr« in~(Jo(}nita. Tit! E!i!l'aSSier5-1ily a Fe ~ransleters. too, Wilh their .s!ep~ th e'l' ~rd E!r the COI1i1:PJ~l;j!:V of ~ ilvsLJrfac~. it. In tihi:> way the"\! tum !ii[)rnethi;ng w hkh a n(ll tran 5l;;1te' appeared

.~eV~1II lIPIll'l'!st,EI, A ""e'ee·s, 1E!~¢)OlJei'! te,rfUQrio~ cct~di.;nO$ P'!U'~ n~ ~V~Qhir~; 'i un died!;!,("I[.lCldlria!lllOIS ir PQf <lquf") Q unl mtm ("'mira"', "'FlO m~re!S,") ~O$ CQ 1'I..."re~te" e" el ter~ItQr;IQ 1lI,~ IQ li!'ls,6Ii.to'. E!Oc r~Ib>e!'l e!'l eUo:5, com 0 'Ei n ,Io~ I"HImerC!~ liIlIillpoa,5 dI~ Alfl'lih1ca: tefr:a i\!'J ~'O"l'1lrtOl. l:i:Il!li j:I<!I'!l<~<Init!!S :SlOIl 't:Jmbh!!n tJ'ilfilJctor~:s., ()N1'8'1'Ii1Ll'le"'l1l ~u~ II'I-aSil)iS<

1<Ii comp

le~~(ja([l !!Ie cualqu~er SU.j)~i'ificjie if laUa c ute". A:>! "'ace n cr@ibl@ j!lq,IJl!!~I:o que [!Ii~r@<dj!l rmpQ!!l!libl,~: d:~.~~,lfll',l!Ir un lugj!ll'. COIlf'oi\I!:r·tiir~D en, dfrO!$, Y c~t! ~!,!S tt.a:<:j)s Qle-jtan iMO'r~tQ el e$'~e'~a!f)I(], que atms l!:lijllD UFIi!lIIIIU@V,tllrutal, como sil 'Cilia .. Veil!: 1'u:@!ii(lli!l

dec iph,e~in.g 01, pia .,e, tlJlrllli ng itinl'o ~ipher~, !\f1d with Ih e~r t!lle~ t!'ley lea'ile t!le- 5d:E!IlI~lio I ntadfC'r O'the.rs to 5eie,1 a l1Ie ~
ere,dlble:
Fa u~e,.

irrnp(Jssi ble l!1lfC!s(l'rT1il,Hhin~

a:l. rholJgh

p,a.r.a,

ea( h ~'irn~ it '!'ja~ tile '5~ me_

Thi~ Is 'j'j hy, Oi~ ;; (lrl;lu~, thev hil".e Ihe ~irtue ~f ~l.!Iperfl uid Ity. !.-.I!O;e'e~p iClre r~, tihe- POl~~er~'b~ th"nk
h(lFI~'O Ill.;!!,

INOII k OJ FQ!.on(ii C h IUle a's grail II a~'ro-rr~ .,m.;! ~e~ !.~n e,e~QI D'Wer., felt, Pi ",~ltcl1ilng,5YllerDosIHo-r'l. tLiln g Ille ~t;lJe'ls. E~~!<lln w hat mil ~ M~"pen inside t.Jon 'eXI)!O rers, u.e !leo' Il'\ino!'l~to r:llvld(l pmllliems u~. d o111'11,tloFlS which h~"'1il to b6 e..:a~t to De anv use. II Ire bOil:f:'~, (la~~, t ra~s. Po no

pri:rneri!. f'Qr ellt;l, ~oQmQ IiII"1i.lP!I;I' tienen i<lvktlild Idl~ 1101::i!'U,l;Ierlllllii;le.i:. Com fi ~~}se.~I'I!oradlor'f!s. ~I:iSpai!l@!E!l'Itl!s I'lle,n,!liill'i !!II howh!:fIol'lta L C.mllii!'!,~ Ila Fa (:g mprCl~alflo PO!' ~<!!> 'g raVit.aCl!) Iiiie<S (;!~ 'Clilillililia ('~)" PapQI'f!'~, 1Ueltr'!:lfl. ICos,ldes, :s,i,,!~~~(lIY ~$~iQJ5, (:r;:)~ii:;3 tli)I~" E i(p!'it<i l.g q~.re'ptlllde!luced:er 'eI<lfIgU '8'~P!li;g,ov;
lil;l.~ 'M)

e'xiP j,~if,!ld'Cl~e~ div~d:e'n ~'[J'~

prob~>eimas CQn dil'Hlfllciol1l!il:~, q'u,E'I "ar,al Se,rlo, debe-Il SE!r eo~acta~ ~~mOl CaJa5. th!ile('~5. tramp~:i'i.'( h~y
'tr,<lmpl1i~

d,s,

@Sp:;lldCl~

V U:~mpo's,

H,e tlr,;;],!> 'oido' que' !lay IhilJeC(!l~.ie ! hillc,en h lIeCO:!l 13 :~!! 't:l!!m@lnl 1lI1l1@;co~: e'li! ca~,a, c~n 1,01' a~endliil!; en, !:! '~Q!fa

nave

5.piIICI! and un timo. Sural'!' \'Qu'li l'ie-~rd"t'!1.. t 'the re are qaps, you een mat:e a gap. Or serneene's got a gap: ,at hlOrneor in vour -IlIary: O!ll Ihe ~OfB or In an ilit~moQI'I; ilil voLir UQll'flati1,ln ~1QlIF

there <Ire l'raiD!>III

e '111111'Llllla :tarde-; en E!'I,eos~,omaQCI, 81'1 la cO!!)~za 0 p,ar1l1 tl.

le' Ie mllll!cstro con Walter pid'ii~r Y SIIS PUs in Wnich to Sit I:t.Mr ,l9.reltenl:inliliii'l [4,~: ~lin una Il'Yra 'trsimI'lO!. Puedu Iu,sar @'S'tos
1'Iu.!!'co~!llmUnd'ote Ei'1'i eIIIQs,: 0, d,e, ,,:Ie, sstar medjQ· (lentrn m'ediiQ fl!lera. 5.610'PU,(!d@5~5,tii!!r tlle,f'~ $1 i!$tils. fUl!fll. La, ~'Cllo(,;lIci61nde esas $ei~ pll!,:~a!l.plllmc,e detlniil' !e gile SI! pllle-liie h<!~e\'~UI'I,~, On\l'lIf'!lacioln, C IIIna, form1l Cleo mir~u. Pero 10 rlllndillmelltili 5C'flJ 101:> [1e-gla$ doe,10' !:jill@! 1110 ~1!u3dle lia~er, 51! por ,e-Jem~lo, acer,car uln a~ientco iil Ot.~(1' ,ChlalqlJl&f' e5fu'i!'f:2iQ COlllt'rll ostas reQla,!j; I~!O una IlmpQ,stlura. ~'(;lrquii' e:>·t(!~ modlo:!l p@rte.FIec~1'I,iii los es'POIclCilsd~ los h~b'itQ:l' I'Intl''JuQ!l. A 105 e5pa~.liQ$ i)<'lJra.e-~ g'l!s;to de los rill! alles, Li!!l,dl!!finli':ione:stomoiili 'l'O~o$dol! los, IUljlilFe5 V a caban (:Q'n~"'lllrtl!~nd,ose SUIJ e r~dCieSi. ,en 51 :!lon, tan eviiiie,nlll;!'$, [jill~' C"~I!!i S~ pueeen leer" ~e Uo;imi!],n cr6!nl'ca~. Piilri! l.Iiia definicion n 1:1 hay nadia c tim 0' la~ POI redeiS. Si 80111 f!IlUY a,lliil,rell'!tes V caslll'lframU!leab!ii'~· ~e IllS 11!~lm8 I f'!lc had'ills: de u i'; 0 !:I!jetoO'. GIl:! '1.IIIIIa 'cali 01'.... ~ de' una p~rson"'. pr'i!'1'j 'I: u alnd,o. "'memlda are fac.lriad1all" sigl'lifioca "i'i:iilJ~ li)ulmoBl planta!". la ,egaritl!l,da @Ii (lIllie les p~redes son ~mpn.l::;;~im;j'ii;tl~$.I)~t'do,qllll! i:lllllt-i'lluam ente Silj:lortabani 10:&sueles, Ya ",g, ~s i'I@OI!SBiflo. II est,a meme ria tos pasoa ntes ttlnh!!5tiOl" ,CQ n III lillldilfleireliltii! ,~~ tes d~s~112am,lellllo<50" iT'll' O;1i1'ie-~j!ill~~,di'l qu@ para !1l'1tiHu!lew u I'I~ Ipr 'Jllln'I'iI de-bes (lese U Iloriir las, partes?' SoelJariOllr cad,1I elu,cia all ml;'!1t1 I;!n otto!!:alltoe~ .. dil! dllil'cidir. L",~ arql].Qll'~i!dQs, tliEi,eel'l se,~dO!'le$, ,ClibuJ es qll'~ II!lll's,el'ia'fll C:"'IIH) pa rtir I! rei!l~idad~ 'c(]mo IIIna id;:allal COft .. LUI Ilbro. Y flO n::jO\!!ta lIiI lIor,o, 1111 siq,uhm;! el mapa de un Illb,ro, sillo las Ipreg IJli!t~,s len tr'11ZO~ m.as .S;(!lI1cilllcc!i..!loal ilillpil'rfie-ccI6'!'Illie' I!st,CI p~rre,ccionl ~S' ilIU~ eon los tft!fOS ~E! l1Iilln:l@ t ada !;;Q:mlicion G@ co mplt1m. MI ra (U<ll'l,los c 1IIt~i!J':;; puedoe'5 11~ ce;r dl!' Uilla ,50101 C'(j,$a. t.tllra c6m.o !!io,n, las \ll!s,1tldo~ die Mivake, 'If Jo:s ee 1'111)0<5CI'e Ar,ets. [i"i c!lpas, horiZOl'lta,l(!s, c;omo 105, 5 U e-I!iI~_ N:o 11'h!!iY saeelen E!S. '{a 1:0 d 1181 antes, Ies capa s n,o SCiri utlle5 a;lOiralece·r, Me-Jar I!Isarllilili !)ara !1'~'tF~r. EI sentldo de' Il!liaii'1l~s 1M i£!'5CCll'loc'!:!'r palF,a, p:rOfiQ$H~o'!Ilr., sino bus-car 110 !lI'U~ pu~dl!li signmcar_ lEst!! ,pellsamie:f!tg, hQ,rlzo:nltal f10SlrV'1il pariil re-$QIIY~f,E$ l'iitll, iKlllhn10 ded", para la in,ter~r-e'tati6n. j)lIrli 111 t~'ad\leticm. Palra hlflillUilar hiip;j~~,!iis"par,!!1 illegl;r. S~ ~stas, en t;1IE1I'AfOlIS, ,:;'0911 !.!tiles !para orlel'lt,u1e. Scm II,os e5p~,Qiios I!)O!!,,~ eI1,illntill'co. Por ci~rtll.'!'es,t:as, o1l'1dal'lllo? ,
JlIJI,j

II{,JO or lor you, I'll show 11011wlili!t I m~an wIth, Wall'er PI!:l'ii~r <lnd hls Pil s in Wi'l:i~1\Ito SI'I fleer B"eiten.Orunn (4): tll~y lUg reOil1 P$ ..Y(lU (<In USQtnc-~e ~I t~ to :~It ill, Dr t1'r' tra standinolJ. to liE! Mit in and h;;li" nul. You c:am onl\" De out if you'pe ol!lL Ths positlonlrli;J Qf tn~SE' sl~ p~eces seems to de'fin!! wMt you ~arl Ooll: nali'e a

el:tnver~a~IQn, OIl "'<lYof I OOfo,rnQ. 5\Jt whil! I::; " I1'lO~~ !mPQr ta nt a,i'E!tM E! rutss o,f what yml

cal,.t

!if! -Icr lnstance.

Clo-sel" to

anni'ner-_

mOils

ene $f'al

A ny attempt to (1('[

ro L1nc1l t nese rules I~ ;tn im posture. Be.t:iilise I'hoi'!~e modes t)elf!ng to Uiil

sp~C'~~

0,1 (Iold

~all~t::;. To the SPace:!;

f of tho:! (ii2 &tu ro 01 rltwal.

TI'Lf' definitions t"ile ~I) otClgr'aphs ,of ptaces and end! up lurnina Il'1t(l ~urfa;;:e:!i. if th,e~ are so OD~i(ius. t,113l tJ~e<'I' ~a!l

read,

the,!, are called

nothing

alnn'll~I' bechrenteres. There is like a wall fOr a defimtlon. If the,

aild ~hmMllm~a:;sat1'!~, tlllJY- arlill;Ol1IIe-dfacades: '0r B n obJ&Ct, o~ i'I heu S9". cor ~ pSl'SCln, I prefer it \'It I ~n '"looK at IMt 'facal:le:" me'lln!; Ii1Cl'llfiere'So a gc-od 005'e". The ext'use is I,hat w[!1i s aro \' ilJI boca use tile-I" used to hold up ueers, iha t'~ nO< IOifloger Rel::'i!Ssar,r_ To t"i's memor,;,. !:h~plliser:Vb¥ reply with the Imilifierente o' Uw ac:! "r ~I !.:Ii nlJHa,~en't t1l8~ {,~IU tord V()U that to are very apparent
N

Und'erstanl!l iii qlJ~ sUo n, VDU I1Ii:Ive ie cle'fin-e tllle ~O! rt.!;, ,Sep<ilr'ate ~JO!:1'l OW~ry Int'll 'I"",,,,.

ill iea::;i. before you deciall- ......reM ects prochi!c~ secttcns, dra ..... ing!> which ~how how to eut U!) real~ty. I"~e a gulll()llne< cuts a IbC'lo,M.. Mil tile fe'SIt;IDt is not a bOOk, or
even in <I 11111 of !! boock. but ap the t!lue~tion~,

(i'r rh is pE!I'"f!lC~IOO is milt the Ipr eor;e-.sliav-e

innperleetioll cnmp lelel ~ losl I he- ccnd IUan of being whD'le.
SE't!!

simpl@rIlle-ees. The

5ingll;!' 'Lhlng,

hoI'! manv COP!IilS yOU ~n malke o~ 01'\8 loo~ !II Mlyoilke'~ ~IQthes and
11~il! lloor::;. The re i3r-e

Met'S' rield~,

I n ~ayers. l1orl,:zonl,il" no sections.

rM-Ding.

II:s whilt I 5<11<1 before. lay,er5 1!11~ 0011'\0use fo;;r iiietter u£e tihem to' QO in_ Tlie point of UlSing t hem ~s not W f~nQ Q~ I to ~rodu ~ !l pro"lnos.-I:s, Ibul to tr.,. ~M riM G!Jt ""'hilt thev meall, HoriZoFi!1I1 ihpn~lnQlI~ n(lt IDr sol ...in.g .. As Kuhn !>aid. the lJIlinl of it is Hlllllter~r·et to !rans1.!I,te. To

IiYPQmlilse~,to ,hqQ~, If yo u a,r~ in M ET.D,IPOL i'S, ""o'Y~;ln use n to ri nd \'QLlr W03y. It US SI)BC!' lor :sol zllloJyp.
tonnUilat.e

Bvltle

!Na~.

are you WIllklrl(l1

1M r'fUil'JIIFI~I)dIiR .... ~JiI'!.o;l ~nd I'Mt1l18f r ,at j'~B Eii's;iI.,ol' I!!.«~I;; ....
J'~I~' ~11'Jr;.f 19'i11, h. hi !lilibridir!fcl.CJr

Wi~)I!~~ Rilldh

,~~LIt~ r;;5.... 'I1l"'U~(; 1

It.fljult,, t~ 'I' [Jrcl~sa" ~!i 1ill lOT'S II il' It.NllIlt~~illr' Ii. l!u;,r;:;~IU<flal. [}!,5d~ n9~ !t~ :s.l1'bdl rC'~I>!i'f ,IIDce.lite lie la [SA RO'U!C

..
I 11

"~ccIOn~~"'~!h!~r!MI
Lon~d!n.j]I5iiectl[!11

'ijt PI~llIt~

f!~' ~I~"01 ..e. Min ~

~I05

.t-lli~~ ~nhlr"ll[]r~,"

:J PI~[jto

FIOO' ~I."

~r ",~~.roan,. r

~n.lp~.rI[J--/l[is;

<!!,o;,,;!e_' ~~~ .~;ro

5 .. !J«i!l0..nil'

Eli .dlrh:ID IZI una nunpl !!o.:nti~A.I~qUit ~lJlo1l

Q~.

~~I~!.1~.~,

L.'

~I

\~\ C --"
"lilt

--.

'~u.~.t;;;j ~-;-!-;-.\
~'

un.a i~,!iJ i!:I~ ',ms: p.QU!I>I'i;;i1 elredeeer de IIJn ~n.;IOD ~~iri:"·~'Huk;. 1.~~~tr~lit<ll!a, 1!"I~rl!l': i~' m~lI ~e' ~1' HlmM f IlCi ~ ~1IIii:ilr. t~,r,nU!1!I WIj dl.rJand[) I!I ~~ 1l~p:eiChll::lIo('i1!'l1 1"[1 l. ItJ!lr~d! . ~.:!~~r.. ~. !OJ."!M ., ';~"'. d
d~~p!J:h ~5;La ~ ~~liI d~ ~'ll1J<lls.1I:::h;l-n~L 11~!.i!!l-k! !!!~ !:!i! 1ii!Jt.'I~frhi!i, 'l'tii;l' !:illlld!.ng l:i .II cOn.llti!JiJ~'J ramD' tJ..~h
1 ...

": .."\~'
I

R"

--I

curls ~'.!JTId It.. .,utr _~ ., i"", hoili. to ie<"'5 "r s.o1~!lef"&c~ MU~ ~re pr~ol@d DI1:t:Um:: [I ~i~ ~ eeenle !{i_:9Cie'_ ffte ~ilr~~~iW rs Ir",.rled:: Il@~ ~ ~~. I"'Ij;~f l"~n eilvlee. T~~ '."'p .,...;iu~!I~~~"11i i~~ol~ !llitJ1Q ~ndr'i!i~ i:a ~.:IrLl'I of the hf:lil~ ar.d C'[Jn..'hlJlu~ I~ ~Iotu~I~1!o" ~Da~B Il.11.roo)l, O

oI!

III, I

L-'---'--~

--..,
,1

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I
I,
i!.
I I
I

u>:

rl

{r

1 Pirnh!
:il

Floor ~!, "'D,:r~

·"',tt":!i"
t.fl,43.

;I;_IJI'dUQ-rlQ; "'1.j~II(Jrrum,

c~I" lB;:iffialiila
'.i'Q!ijl'i'li=!

Or ! liM'It~ ......
... fIGl

PI~rTt~ 4.i;1,.:j3. Atall[]'

'P.II'I'.HIO

iilb iJLIdn!:l_II~

'J,I!ri1, ·il... iji'il-i'rO' r

1F'loQr ~ ~u[JJ'i(lrllJ.l1l .•

·ni'L!.i~j'I~,{lM-W~~~ t
io
iU"Id

iiI'{IoiiQQ .1i:i:"iil~ r(lOCTl\ III

thg

-~h~ar~~1
~.ci:Ha1.

drl!.5I!i11"'li;;l

IQI}fTHi .. ("(Jns~r'!l~af~l
~ ~ei~

-1.E!i7_

nws"o.

,,,,I., <10· ~.p«,~d."o. r blh.. FI'O(O' ~t ·U11 [ntr<il'~e~to Li1~ .f'!!J'""1ft.

~t.blfl[Jn 4
~~':';:~rJ

c..,,,

gail~f~!I, .ane !Iprary ~~tLiIKl

fh~ ~om]lfe~.n n~!I~] Il1lihl? 10;1... . oDlfipO'l,llIon rllf a IlIP.W "mural (entf'l ,~~d ,!wdl~aorIUIfl I~ 8elloil'o:IrmfSo1'B l~ Il"W~! "f~, S""~nO ~M 0, Pal~e0D6 In Ot!~m~, I~~" ~I~l, i~ c"n~i."d .' •• b..,~'t6n(rete ~0!!~ ~~ ra.il.)r~'Io it,
...m]~ .. 1 iii'lll hartlO:!JYt.a1 dD:5Il'l~' II I~ •

n~r1fIc!lc U'lJildlng,al<N It!' ~O"rt~. w!~ ~Q!= 1r"nt"~~ .i>odtid by M~e ~dL!l~ arHli ~h03[f~ ~1)t!i;1i':i! I,I;J cn~iI:I~c .a ~t.ott tl'l ... ft'lBI !roei1ic1, loor~~¥ ~~~!~ n I111Il'l1lV in II clini~li~inQ, Sf~teWl~, "h" ""<if, h",lii ...Ith <cntll.I~ ..... 111 IlE
CI}'lr'tE~[J wl~h ';OMlIH"

.~.[I!til I ~[fo?1,;1!0 ~

tl1e H!Nl' """~QrI"1

.c

CV\13m1~ ~

'be ~lIfItlu~ i I\\!It~t aM air IrltllXjU~Bd !r~", Hse~"L~,!Ie .. ,lO!IlIlr!!"~~ted ~ (1«I~irda. hu' ~~~ .. for i II~ wl1lJ"~ b~lI(lif"l1'. Th~ ~.~"I",a! la'j\IllJl 01 Ul~ pl~ 1$ rlJl'~t1m.Z-'Cd In I.!!. ge ~p.~n Cin!ii!~' nn Olllere,nt lCVl"!:. -""m(:, ttl tt>em ~UF1~et1-10 vrQOu,~ ~.p .. l!il" lluUio: ."tr~'i~~ r~r e-.acn .lCtll'l I'r t~kl"u !,llIclt .~ II•• Du[iural] cen If~

!..

,~

~
I

I~~====~==~====~==~====~====~

IFORIMS 'WHI'CH EMIER'GE fROM THE G,ROUND' ANID GROW TIH,ANSIMPL.V SETTLING 'ONI THE LAND'

RATHER

.I'·SO_GNER

ET CONST'RUIIRIE: -. -'PH11.1PPEUHPI

TEL EST ILE BATIIRr"t'

'il'wal PR'u!"'I~C;T5; III'!!' ROellil!" D5V ~ SI!:: t... 1 VI''I1Ic'1, (Ifill p."~rll QV>I}n on I:l'm Isli! na O'f RI'lIUIlIOI1, 1 Inc rr'iir1!~ (i ts secnc WilntiHI to <:Il!s''FID~ IUs ~chg(n@ 'r(l!r I he garden s or S D'jij~hJ 1i1E! '~tiD:Wedi us tbE! b~c,~ (ir h 1:5til:!liid and plfij;["hl!d' the s'lt ill I),e~wf!en Ih i~thumll:J tJ nd r!Orerir.ger, Cau,slllg an a~mast:'i;!mt I~ r!;'lie I to appear: Fi:!rmalilV. the
pro] ect ",,~.s seen ,a5 ihe E!~press,ioll 1;11pr easure (] n <II ls pli3~~: q, ['I rude ntl y apiPl,ied f~f'[e ..... "'~se rna ni[e~taE'ion DOS PROl'EC:TO'5: liI'E II!I'Q'CIEiIE. IDS\' ,1& 5WlE

....

ner t ne 1:J-~5 truct-on iDlJa t'l1e ,o;!erorm~t~on,t he rOI cUm O. ~f a I)J~~ IItl 1'19! errlterj, It is, U~& !lrc:lnoltl!'eto!'li~ illl~c:!~ which, iFl pla~l!ilg a I:)UiWing llll the g rcuad, [,s denj~d in r~\lOr 01' ;l ~ifiI'Ip.le ti;lpog raphica I m ilo[;fkation. Thera h n{]ti'li'n~ to see, nil
tnE!' oth:oer' ha Ad there (:a r,

mcd,er~d6i'i1 v c'LilVi9 m,a'l'Ilfe~,'b~~'16111 I!'ICO ,e~ t~ d~!dnu::cMn ,~InIO n~1 detcm:nacioDF!" e~ plie-g'ue de 1!,In> t:l;!~rito!MiQ I'!,~ i~!mente iE')li$t1E!'liU~. ... L.a I nse;ri:~OIil de urn ,~cilfilcio DlljO' H~ rrr,!1 Im,pnlc,~' III n.Etgail:h5n dl! 1111 imoillqelfll arqll~tell:t6nical en ben~ri:~i'lJ! !;I'e UIHI! ~;impli!i! IiI'IQ,glm'.o!d6'r1i tCiI)O!li~~rllcOl. N!o h~V n~,d:!l 'ClUe "'~r; eo!!!e{lm'b!fl, (:l,IjiUlid',(l se va !l!lnl cScl'lle se ~iefilte e~a ~e F1Saci6 n en: el esMnnag,o, que IlI'O'o!iO~,alll I~S

[-",J UnO!!'lO!fI!;!e dl~ ~b~iIll ~i'1 I~ j:~Ca IReounl'DiiI, Irr-'!ln,~olis ~Qd!le frlt~cI'ita""llI l!:r:pIiC8J1'i @I pr'Q<y:-ectoQ d'E!les [ardlnes die SowehJ. 11.~S m05itn~ 'e! dl)r~Q ,(!~ $1;1 fII1O!!lI(;l 'I ~e pem..:<: Q II.. fJlle Ie-fit re IIos i:ll!d{H; plilg,SIF e (Im:llll:~ h a cIe'ndo, s ur~]IF un relieve cas,],er&nco. EI! Ii!r'CfV~C:'h~~o~malm'E!:f'ite eost:M)aJ~ I!'~, ~)I)I1!O I.!II @!!pr~~16:~ il!IoI! 1lI1'i~ ~re:;i611> :soDre' IIIlnl p'LmtQ: u!IllCIlfuerziiI que lie ejeroe con

a n(i

ls scmethl

nq to tJ,E! ~ peri'~mlE!d, b.,. e ~til! pass

with

D!!<;ltln~ he.;lrt, IBiecau~e ~n.e fO'!!!l:o

ll'V. I MI r III\lCIOUhBVI nQ b~el1l m~fe~v reerlen ted In felaUOO1 I to t MneW Q~()Q rap'I1'p'" Hone th dn ;!I rnin.-oE'n--sc~~ ~i our ~oihe," pOi! n:~ji)t10n~, I'he PFiljB[ t attempts to rasp nnd to a pium~ 'Daupa~ion of
I:h~ j'err itory. Thls Is, a scheme for 10inl habitation, ~'Ome\lllTier~ helwe~r1'e!';oloq 10I;.;I! d ~ymbQIIo:; ne{;~~~i!y. an !::J.e~we£'f1 <I~u:j;e of the g FOUOO ijnd ~~fequardlngO'I th~

d'e'sIiIIYe le5. Y e'~ (lye !'~'$~o!I!,I1eI~e-!"jJ$ l)iE!rJrO:!l'r1e~£!!!!.l~rQ r,O!; l traz~dos h,m ,cambiad{1 filnl hHlClolll de Iii F1U!l'!;'a!Q:~(i!~r,all:rr". A.li.llllq:u~ m.!ls I4jUJe- cmi!!ll~' iiiI'! !:!'~c(!l'Il!lrh:l p,ne mUJil!<.:!.tlras "otras"
pefCelil!:;ioll>~5, este prQ''f!ei;t'tI 1P~~t,efliil'"r~li'IiIO!l~~r iii Y filii! Q(illlpa:c 16011'1 p'lllIr~l~ die ~ t.e'rf'lte,r~o.. s'~ rata dl!' UII'II! ~"llpLle~:i:al pa rBI t 1.IIl,ijl llalbitaciCifl eern parUClla, entre 101lfI:et;,e,~ia.a!CIle~cI6~ka '1 I.. :s:lmlb6I1ca. elntll'~ el aause de :1,<1 1!)i~I(lt;BII;:loRi d:~~ SllIl!'lo y III ilIe~!:'Il,~ade IIil ti errOl. 50!e~ <lfq]llint'I.'H::to lOiI!:Ilalce, :> itlo bajo tierra, ~(ll!I'Iil' IiIn t,(jIRl~I. ,~~ ~"'oI'1 !:I(!IiI'b~'m~:n:tl! IPor' tnJIRI'Ilhll.,<dI,~.'!ir,I!I' dol!j8 r ~I e,r!'!I\l!;iv<I) P'~Q1i'O!,g()f'li$rn(l de-I MJlO!I" a >!OJ h.!fI1Il).Oj (;Ie Hle.ct(;lr'
i·

es rtn, II ~he ar'(!l\it~.;:tu re ttaplJens be 10'"1\' f<Jllrtd, I i!-:e ,a g 1 unrl~ I, It I,s (I~arri~ OlllClf nu f11!111t\!'. l(lave the singular 10 ijn'i ~tl()MI eM F~oIl,(lr me Illae~ W 1"18cto'r P[ltof~on"l> Hliifit:l. A nd ~'~ wel~ "'~ De,ln~ ,I! con ~h",e!.IoFl,it r'~ ,1 so I:h~ opol'n iilg up (lr <I pJB DI! tn pa>r~llel e.nerg ias, I'1iIJt conf Moe to the rerllWt.,. ,c'l ~ piec~ c'r 'and gr tl:llJhQlcS\lIl~he~l:;;, to the !.mre~l:rr.;ln~cI U ~e'of S(lmE! gralll1li1'1i! u~ j;J [an] (lr q! her, Toll c ope n 1M territory ulltQ dl 1(:ere,1'!1 ~fnQ(> ()if i1atntoi!UQI!I 1:5 also I hi" DfODl'flffii;llie of 11't~ oroJe.e t tor rM fi'lill!fS nes 01 SOl'leto" He f'E', it':; I ne n~lu rad structu I~ i t~e'lfOir tn~ town w hich is th rE!<lit:enE!d. b~ lhE! e~tE!'n:si[}n or urba niaation, with desiccs lion. Th e prD'Jlo~,a! pu~ [mwalrd aHempt s to r~~ CI1c;i!~ the e;l;j~ten ~~ QlI th e JIi arsh e~ \!lit h the Imllro¥e'flIlerH of relation.:; oetl'le.en ~n~ (! If~erent ~~e<!:i of 1!'1 i" iow!'ls tlGrJ<, 13 I !d~e~ aU~I[11il!lnl HI P, rel'! ~ !ons bectwjJ'el1 ~~OP!IE:'",nl!e pUlser ...!i"l'Q. at (grGuru:! le~el, tl'!e fauna "no ~~g~t.!lt.lon o,r th;~ mar~n~s, Tun n~1 an d bridQe. are tne- two ~.:o;ipri! StOliiS tJor .!In S im:;hHectu 112 0'1 a He ri ty wh ich eng i3'JE!'S wilh tihoe terrioorv wit houtdestro'l'in g or mlllm-fu nctio.nalizino;;! i!, L.. J ilhe oc ~~tr!.fI;:tionl d()e'S not IQterf,ere wldl ttle un'folding of til!} t!'ilng~ ollanli:1 ~na ~kY. !lOCilU'i.{I to ral5lo .a1!SOmqan~ t.iJ ~a~e t lie [,Il!nd; ~TI:! ~jlo~ I~ nol J'Li~1I" roW~cml 'frCtm d~i'I«iN, II I~ in Met to liMr~te.l! thing. ~lIow rt to '~tllrn to i tespr[}pe,r stal.e, Sa'll nq tn'e Ian d IfiIlE!an.s~otne>t.IiJinog mor~ Inan pm'fltlnglrom ii" and ev~n more than e~hau ~,tin g n. He ....'l1;I sa",e", Ih", Iand doe<!l ni;lt b~,;ol'l]e I t:s i
mi!~t,er;

P@h~lI'~on" Ti!mbJ:i!,1'I @5.I=I'Brra, 11,1 nni~,l1lIo U@mpo qUi!!' S'I!!' C'OI'l8t'I'1LIY~, ,aJDrir e5tiE'; E'spada ·ai la!> 'Em~r'g ~al5j pa!ralle~ as, nQ c:alpit:a IIzar,

a Drl r 10 II l!fI, 11'l!rtIII dlld de 1<1 Ullrril 'Ii <Ii ia f(ttQ,~rnte,Sils, oil I 'Cre(~mielnlt~ tle:5I;Qlltl'iO!!aJiI:!O< ii:lel ~.;!,mIlQ de 9fC!mrne<!!!;, A,ltlorllr @,~ tl!'rrlt(l,rio II 1II1\l~r.!i!ll~forrllla~ d~ hallHaeion e<~t.!lml:ll,i!n Ie, qlJ~ .~~ IPllaJlllt'E!la proooyeI;;to Q ~ ~o,~ il'11 t'~rTe!l!Oi~ P·a>!il'tO!ln,!)$otS. S:owe'~o. (Ice E:n ScrW!to' 'toda Iia I!'stnlc'tlJ ri!lln ~tlllr,'aill de' I:!I ,ciu,4I!1d e'~til
allil~J1Ia:;:a,glill Il>tlr ~I ~ecalm~enIt!:! dI~ la'~ denag<ls; 'i Ie! ~red!1llT'e,i'lto u rib<llllfs:U~:o.l,81 p:rep,L1(!!lt!l q u,~ :&(! h::ll ~Ofl'l'llU I'ado pret g'l!Idll
!;!;l~'l;i!iar !ii!, I)re:!elii~iii!1 d,~ '01$ OlgYl<l$ J;lO!llt~ng$<I~ y ~O! mejl:!r,al de' las, r8,IIBci'@11U1i'liO 'f,l'IItre II{I'S: dlif'll<~el'l,tcsDilr~nOS :dIe 'f~1H11I51i p. I l!O!!i ,pI.U~nile!!; m lilt Ipll~'.a,1'I ~.. :~ rela!tioi'le:s el1itre loe;;M,mllre ~

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y ,i'I!llllI1lsm()t:il!mpo PflIlSll'r'ofaI'll, d~',boEiIJiC! ell'95, la [<lUFIa 'I deo Ii[! \ioe gl~~"d6 r') de-lOs tJe-~ rE!~Q'~l)a'nt~f1ID$O'~. Tilne:1 V Il!uen~@~on 1<11£, 'el!p,re~;IQl!le~ de IlIlIIa ,;aIP!ll'uile~tlJral dOll> de ~a.Ol~terl;Cla!il I;ju,e'ac:tI.N,ll S,Cl~re ei~enltorh)$i!i1 tles,t!iUiirIIO III ,i3,~ilgFlal1ld!olll 'LIlia ullIicafLllllcl6n" [ ••,]' U ~lI)ns:tr~o!Ci6n n~ ~all,e- W!!iI.a~ <ll!i::~rs!) (I!eo !.. CQs·a:o (I'e-Ia s ti@rra V di@1 c~@10,. Y @s qlH~ ~dlinC:i!lI' @s tElmb i~ I'll 8Blrr~,EI l,iiI til@,rra: r ,j$.dV<!r IilQ e$ $ghjl ~'!!r<!'~(!~ YIIi'! lj;leli~fQl" $,if'lo 'qli!l~ ,~~ Ij;I~'Qlf.I'li"m~!ltlli!' I'IDl!rar !tIllla (:!IJI5,ii, dl!jarla qlllll!' 'Io'L19h.raa sUe pmpic, s~r, Sa,l'I!Il!Ilf 1,[3 ~lel!'rO!eo~ !1iI-'$ (I,I.!~ $OIcO!r Ie- I)lr()vel!: flo, '!J to(fiaJ"rrl!l oon :m~s !"<I;;:i6n, !mib qlJ!iI ag:otalrla. QluI~n ~al'!;'a Iia U€!;rra D'IO ISC Cl[JonViillf~iI! ein SIJ
!!i(jI'iQij~al. De <i!)i'iJlf Oi 1Ia, )l~h!)tad6nt~t.a1 e Ih'cibriiil IJ 1'1 j)cISiIl ••• ('uidalr '!{ cionslrull;, estill eill ~d Ifl·Car"" 1E:!lIltOc!lf t.all'l'ltlMn e'~ ;!cog e~ ",I deilo, 1[, •• ] il)ejall' '!:I'ue las 'CQsas s~gill'i SIJ C'liIr~@, lBr~~amlbieFi lIib:~'rarllas I '1 liJol'OtegiE!,rrl,as. Asf MmarnCl!; ~'IJiilci~md3 ,CliO!U'FIiul'li\.1'~r!io
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To buife is ;l!~o' 'to 9r~et tilE' :!i~'I'. l.-,! ,u!nii'l~ !'n i!'lq s t.:llk~ lMeir CQUr:!:e..I iMrMir'lg
tMm,

I!Jni'!.'er5~! n whi~h "hoE' tt (lh:cl1!i.~rll( t illig ijs: ! irl~ed ~ iltl a th:a1 0'1 w~t!:~in~ o'ter th~ I<lml. [".) These awe the new. deWattie sUate-~~es 01 ocelJPVIIl(J iii ilerrltor'o'" 11'1wi'llc,h
art ifiu! aM nal u r'e-, Mlma-nti'c S IIn~ Ch ..MlfIi SU~, ilI~9 i ndi'ssmiab Ie ,~nd' joi nUy ta k.l!n imllo' acmulllL

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To w~a1/e a "kno~tee. inte'flilID~d aile hy:l:ilio rE!la~icn~'.

it, to <I'!I!'l'v.its sO<l1iIe tlme~ ~>OJ'li r:;u;!i!:;tory energ1e5 to

to

[]open thE!te rrl t~w~r IP~c, th~ diffE! rj ngl nl,ll~e5' hat Inhabit U

~'I'!CO unl~r ",~o::tI o,t her, to I!fIb,YO!!'h .. "cor~Oi' <!I!~IV~of ~ terrilQry w~rh ~ylllti<)11 c !'rHNIFI<II'!(). ~cce£)t the n<)~' to ~f'!l)([ucti~~ liS w8JI ~iS !n~ ~rol:luc:t.lw, ttl~ re.le~lll~ w~11 ~~ t heo:JJj Bet. It is tnHJIiIg n iIln accE'i'lt;!lm:oe of il:ILe rit~ thil't the, i3rc"it~d coin once mor,E! fin'" himself on tlie ~mund or tn~ S,E!llt ient wQJ'1ICl, in olni ng rna!ter ..... n the, rt n,~~u leo:f th e 1,3111:1. or tlhe slky ,;lr:id (If Il'ther me'n_

am ~liad,~, dO',IlI>:1e'el act!;! de' c"l1I~trlil:lr Sit conJ'ulQa COin ill die' vella,r ~o'r POI t'l~rrol. r~l :S ~ tr .. ta, de' bi1!$~>O!~ !'Ii1!eva.s ~~tratE!~~alsc!e ocup.a.cfon del teniltorl'o don,dle ilft'liflclo 11' nat'lJra~eza, ~ernaI'iUC':a y >qJu~ml!:O!I SO,I'I ilnellsocllaltlle:~ y S~ c(lMM'~r':IfI ;::IClnjllli'lIMl'llile:nl~e., ''II'ejie'~ una "Irelacio:n. OIIi1IF!"da, ,el1ltrelazada, rne:!iti~~CO', at!'rir ~I '~~~ritool'f,~,~ h:)!!. i:lI'~oer(!rn'~~~'r~l!lJa~ill u~ 110, habl t.!ll'l!, dej~l!t Q~e
5e em;:uelllJtrelll 'efilergi'ils, a IiIllenudl~ cOllltr,ald uc1orl'al5, IIIlIl!'ll Iu elra f i~ $lmI:l6n~o ~n i~ c~rp(llr'~Ir.II(d .. qi (i~ I,I~ 'til!rrll'~:QrIIQI ~il;I~p't!!r t>l!! nltQ III i mprOdiu ~ti\!'o CO'mO liD pro>d!liId:ivo, ,el a,e:sec,ho t::lllmo ell Qbjete, ~ H<lI\f~:!l. elll! oe~t~1 ~1)>J!!nilrol:l 11 lilI o!Ilteridtidll!~ ~rllllJ,l.'tll!ct!,!lri\ll ~Odlro!! '¥:Qhl'er ~ <iI>ctuar ~,Ollre !ill :>1.iIe-'!l,dI~llifliunodO :5,erl~,rbl~" ligllmli;! :~1iI matll!ria ,[;I ~a l'Iat:Llrallf!,z1! fill! liil Hl!rr,l!ilr i!!I~:It:I~!o y !!Ie I!o!> nomi)r!!!:.

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01 th~ I~ .. r;,'d~, The ,..,rf<lot<! <'Iro1'<l 0'

rnufI1",III<. i.... histllory, and 50 tl'lnl "r 'of!~~<"~~ Into ~~C·r.lall!~ ~",l~ 1I!~'f lie !IIn~erta~~n IIfI 1if1~ ~l'tJ~1 ~i\e or lhelr u ~r-al-!lrM <l'!d !'1~1'I!!Qlcc"lil:<!iI 1'<0 .. unl ..... 1I in t~e cel>tt'r iii y Jenarm 9~b<Jr~, ~heoe o!if~1 .es l!1i'1~ 11'i~IIoJlldlng, nl, ..'n tho ~i!uollonel cbli(jal:t{ll'1. '~i' !;{I,,;xmd It 10 orrer,"I~ I"I~ .. <gil !r~~t1~"', I ~~Ilr""l'f~a<llll ~n<:len;;rooo~
1i!l'i!1~ 'lollthe mining F"'Ij)iJI!~lo", \\IIUI-5B Lh~ tB1 It '_ IjJ<~ In;" ..... 1 <~,~Id).

1M 1I.l~ of <!;in I.. lli!!r~. ~e-'oII!ral I... ,upar,errl ~olumc~ ~f QIO$! (pitbliil '1'0.'" foe, 11i~Tl:l'!'OI'~nl~~ ~II om; tn~' ~~I"rudil' (n:"," 1M ~ufl~~e.
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1M bIlJII.1Jn'lll~ 2,1100 "IJ!Ian; lIl.elr€<>.

th~ OeVelD~mlln! ""r".~ "'e, one ~ ~c.tn". ~d 1M IMJllgetrr;><II'I~ WIHk

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il:~ ...elt!~ ;;:.lImil~~ !!iii cdlilr~e ..f gr I;!.D~lJI1. 11 '~I;M'lt:C'.;lI~~n ~t!r tw(dr-o~iIi'l.i~i'ur1!inil' trom tl:!!l ",",Ii, ir>l;luiJ~s a !lI~(~ er lilII'a and neuses tM
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ba~aI. !!it4J!:'.r .:IITid m.:I:nil;'~, oDr'lfroll" hl:lriJt!r gr'lfa:lo III .an inl:t:rklt:kiI'1GJ !Jr lncllned surlnccs, 'FflV.lc"llI"k. bg.tlhg " cll."..b.... ,hld!~1~lN""I"',"at W!~htHII [fIal !;e, belw!l>el'l ~.ntIE!l1~ ""~6'R th~ ~!ir'~"!'n1' 1E'>'t'1~~r I~~ pOrt. ~ml \I"~~M G'f€~ne, rne (pUrfi] waste ~bI:!r c4' tM! ~~'o?r The I.elluri~,~~I"f>~a~ ~in;en~i"ii «I' ,llIItian i~ t.t'fc>ll!o in eraer bo ,[I~I:II rri.5ti!~tft.t! IhuiidingliM M crl;!~ t!>i. to" I"'r, "Dn~i.tll"Jgl r..".IT/I' <II J"g~~d r~"'Il~[>\'O~ gl "ff~, dnJ,.,,~cd !~ r'~~QO"~Ql~ Qf i""~h WCltGr ~ntl>(j da,ii., ",egl!'l~tIG,", the po:i"!\Ier!Ii tl!;e alll'late. ta~lnQ lI~e Iilni1'_ tM: ~UiI~S. -;eawall~ tile ~et!mln(ll!~ mon[l(l1rofl'l~ a.pe~1 .:01 .aM IlOOf1 ale er I~Wi ~Io~~~ (b(ffl!lol~ .:II' (ElJ, ,tlnfi I:IIii i.Jiifl shif1;:J; ailt k[:ailaa~ ttl., -Q<olfqjO!~I" ;:!r"to, IlIUlC. ~"'fk. GriiJrl, :so milJ1'f gp,gmgElttii wnh;;h 1Qb!I1d liI!ii tW~PN~, i~~ Ul~ ~~"', ~r~ t:he ml"l}ji1~w~Qf ~I'II~~I!)JB(1:-. ~r6ed <100 t>lIll,eil !'Iltn IIIi1€k. I>ul a poT'l: isl'~reseeA.er 'I@tra~;)ds A !laf~en "1i,1>! \'Iilli r',BiliQipar,i, ItI<'~~ 5J:.sI:ller~dl ~Jt]IJ~ ~ n I.h l!I~antklrl. Itil...... t era , 1""9, IFIlogr.tl",. !h~tourl.i Lmklll~ ~nd • .,llIn9 i)", r~"",doiiln'l !!ilks, whlh .. Ffllt~i'l11it!iI '111" wlrd .. m","~ ..,,~ ~g.i~ !h~~1JI!>tI~~trtl~~O;jl!~rL"e !r~'" I~~ sul:Jt"fiI~" ilJr~1

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or

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I

~1r[JIJ!oI!'I!i;::~"'II'~:I t~ .~~ r.pil'!3'~ '~l"<i~ 1I'i:'-,}I... , ,A (jfQlIf1G!l-{i!ail'!!r I~ a'1l,","~~ ~illl!'" ~r ll'<It~a\ll11lo!l ~~ Hl~ 'I'"~UOO, The 1I1"r;",mt,,1 com ~c;~il:iC;[l '1\;IrT1!~ ''dl!~1€'~.a!'No~ 0lil w.M'h"to!J~ j~~II"Q tv natul'ally OIIA,,"ctilll;1 h. tl>\l Ii!M 11'!5~~U lOr un""t'''~!ly Il!Iya~I~Q I h~ '~Y' ..-Itil 1II.~r!lo!ianill(l 'o\tlflJf.1 farms. n,e 50n·ea90~ ~I~~ La JilSii In \C~lir~mi~J\. I~ ~~I ,~rnonoJ ge;ntle rallin~ "'Ii~ ~n~ 'oI1!1!e'p':5.

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It is,a(ljli~eol~ ,m h..tt'!m'tlo~ 01' ~ 1q Mrtii"',!~Yl'" InCEi'5l.at~ J11>:i~~y ~"d ~ lo~1 ~~~t·~sl. r~~!lM!t_ ..... I~ ~ ~l;>!1t~n I~DOaS!!j"",r~ IT.I.t!1l1', Gi ret'1W ,.Ili'c", .paoo. ~ !>Ilmll o;Iu@, f~b~llJJnxlt:;; !and a !!!IIJO-roofflliO'hr.1. Th., '-'Jiyt!on !n eacl1~~.ei~ !J.~g(j ~~n fJjll[~II'r,e~L:IlbJi.Iu,,~ ~n~'"t'lDpe •., or term IMI, .tI~' w~ th~ oo~l~ .... ana LJ~u. eql1'~'i'{I"~ ~ th@ ~II... In ~" ~ri;!, tM rnrtlVM~I lrowJI1'jj IDillo fljJlf!l'! wer~ tl) Ii'n:lilr~ I"" !lI!!.... <>1 ~U!I~'form,

'''HE fillt$"Ir ~erH!E_"'IE '51'1,e~, {l:I11~e~ iK!I.~n!' Ii;> ~!h" l1i~3"'."~ .. 1Mi .M~ i" a (O["ItI!'<!.iO~~ I#JIjBI~I'";I

oilr~-!ir.t;.!f!i'lm. Thl! ~"'a~e' j:«l'l!~~

.a "'!lfler
auOlll!!e en

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.. lio.~ lOri'll ~~f!d~ amur,!lI t;:>

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IOflll~ qJnLoil1. d",t.ul\Hlts, a ~allroom, ~~to!n~ ro-OIM i!'1d ",tot[ .oop;.. Ttl., 1rN'<ltite.~ or ~he oom~'t,l~ '!l~tQ,":l ~11'"r,h.jlim "I the Mill:! .. The lI<u,.::IlMIr 5j)~~ In b~ ... ,." c.tM'II! tli;; " >II~eDeri"ailm \

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THE $~QM~~tHn,'!El 5~~ko1'~ arm.md a PilI1I~<)01bi!e~'Il~e If i~'Jl1J~ iticmeil in ~ ~d !~'fi i I.!I. ~~ilt' I:rL"'~ta.PI nAIl" !iiili. it >!.lOM r.1Dt. B'i~ .. tiD ... !;! j'h.iiil "'. io;i Ing liJnr1'Si:ap~ lind Il'!"~~~~ ~, ~rmt!!~~~~ in.!Q ql]~ t I'tlll~. A~ 1M rOl"m Ilows, tNll-ll~t1 the I..,c, II" se ~r"be. "3 ~i'>o!li>!;~~ IImi!l!lf

c" ... t,~... ~' . DI1iO!\~ that. niln~ MUI . ~id~~ an !nbcr'ior palh have "";ews,
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low to ~Ie"" Ih~ land.. Larq;er IWtel ~p..tie.!l ~uf~ "" ,i'O.!J~Q roClo'l1~ ~1IiiI
I'bl11 rQ[lm3 "'ro' !J'Il'iI)[l.;! L!".;ir-r th~ ·l:tfficC'

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Holel r.lO"'~ thM iln' pfrSiliOnefilo Ol~ !::I[d~ cf H Ih!i1J1 i:l1~ I=Ili:I;:e-J i::I~@' Ihe fd1n:!C 5ip81lu5 .!!Iud 1~I~jr lil~~
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!1!iI~l1'h<;!II~ I~jllt¥ ~!,Jf!"r~ ~hg ~II" Prom 1M a!1i;~cel"1t I'linwa~, ~

AN ALTERlNATIVE

TO SKYSCRAPING

liS SCRAIPIING

THE

GRO'UND

FURR10'W,S
I 011 1'-,
I

e to 01 ·'I.:Ind~t~~". Tn i'~(tUl:1s.tlofl,j"erM~~ to tl1~ IIt;sjJlu to!! .at!lE!r'ltiol!1l llI"'it h I'I~~ bEi~n giveIl til tihij!' "conception oJ tlJDen space" wntc·h. In o~p~~itdM to It'tMe otlH!r iII'I'I!I~liIIics nlIould!M be in.!! QU'lOd.o~~ of "urb,a,n 'l'eccnstru,'Ctijon;'. hca~ c'haractetlsed
~,s~rmilllll:! il.seir

TM not ion

",r

-.1'1!~,:~D!lce"h~'~re<:elllit Iy mm
'o'lIUII'ne n·otiiln

reO::@ont ear:!' .. The im'lue,nee' of t'he rliew ~ooll)gical y [j i5ctll!lr~e -gr,een 'space a~ ti:on- as well as ·ilr~· in gefle'J"a.1 '-,~rH:I j)a~tl{:ulaItJ.,. .Iandart- a,M ina III1l;!regen,eral waV, tille· 1Oi:O:j:llor'a'tiQnim pjll:.it :in a g ene r~lli~ed ''o~ero!;~ming

De a I !:j!WIIIl til'Bomp'O' a 'est,al part~, la I1iOi:~O'fl ee "espac:.lo Iilc're"' se h ~ ~eW1lldg O!!slmilarnd:o il! II!!!,!Qcl~1I!de "~o1l~a.le". tae's Il.!n~ cyesth'l!i! h Nllac!ona'i:la Jl::Q n Iii de~idld,jl atenc rDn ,C(tcmi,liild,jl ~ Iii "t:QJlce:iP"~,I~ n ~,~~ e~,pl!!do !l1~lertiO<" (lY~, fre'M~ ~I ~(lUleU!!~ L'lt~1li~ dI1!!6m~i!;lu rrhb pleQ'HI"~ a M ortl!J'~Oi'!i" die- 1<1"r'E!'c.olilili~!1U1CCi61'11 urllina",. hl!! ~.!i r,II::tel"lzaJdo, los 11II'~imos a,i'i~s. A ·ello 1'10 :!Oerff~liiI'!J'e'n~s I:~, infhJ,elllcia d!el nueve di~e"'rso eco~6;~ce -,ell e=>:!,!,ii;cioverd\ii' CltlIlilO ic'OlUlc- 'I d:e<~ ute -part leu 18rm,e<l!It.e,~I Itmd .!rf-, ,! ~i eerne, dl!
~Implicrh en ~d;iilI d~ I'D:!; ~~!lI'Ilh~!'$" I'Ir\Opl~ !!lIe,1dlso(ll;Jlrso <lilt! u itecMn~co fecielnt:e,. PQCO c,oIDltiadO' en ~iiIS'EN;Juri~ad(le ~~IS 'for-milS ulrl:!lI rlli!l!l tr~dlciolill!ll e's, IEi'll ~$t-e cQnte)ot'to jlMemOlS lerde!ld'er' lloa ~rlS;i$ten(i~ en .1'·01 rtle<!i de "vc,cfoOl" como hilll!ihl:!!i~~ ii:liIl'!!,et.i!!lrnl!nt.e, r~18dGna1':l0!l COli! fa.s; 1I!IJ]!C!,I!Ii~ 'igJeOlJ!;;~g!;ii!'~ lo1! (ij!!l(!a(!, Nueval~ O!I~'fo!Xili!la!I;;!I)~e:;. !fl'U1ec'!'<!~ estr ..Ii:Iil'~las,"l. !Ilvld£l!fllteIlllEllnte, IIIU8y\OS l'F1st!rliJm~\FlitQiS 11:18liJ@stUon 'Y (Ii!! rc:~i'!t~~d6n r:!es.ti~,,~g~ .a reosJjO!1!t!er <I! <!!(;~!~rO!!g,g..,;y :s;M~ied'eS<llifOUO' I!IrD<lflO l!:Ie 111estes 5 Irm:etrc'i~o 1,lsy q,lJ@ CI(I<nr~rlm,1IJrlllll U "q'lIe<UM .dii!i~1'I6!;t ita~ !Iili1he, V,;'!jJ c.eil'ti'!~'~~ii!liii! ,J::; m.i!;o itle:i J!!.r~<'I1l.g~sf9\1j' IEIIl 'e5t>i0i'sEntild!t!, 5:,~en E I.Ir.o p.~ y ,elll ~i!l5 !l:s"tadn 1UIiIlIdlG!lsellnlhJl1tJl! !III'! d~rtg m~!>E!'.$t~;r(;y!:tyn!, ~s:le $e- de!)!!' <!!llliiil!l;:lII~ die que el ydJJ9' hOI h;:m!lilill;! a brli~~~r dem:aliiaciti! Y IiIO 11'1<1 hiillb~.;Io 'UlIII ylll1 altJerll'i8'UIIO. Eo t!!!'"i!I~d~ ~1~Cllul~ted!.!~al, ell II!!!lu!, :!O,e' 1)0000rra <151 milar a ~~ fa Fm:al ederlor;,. "{ e I .Vin" I es sem bra!'h, ,iIIl c(mt~ 11 Idlo, IIHill m<lrli~r<l ma~,

of ~helim its", which r.harao!:'h~ risss r:ecen~ ;lFc!illitectural !ilIS>l;o!;lrs~ (.31 d !:>po'~r~e whi(;h hes !~W~.TLI5~ mtne se( ur it\! of tl"ad itrtHiJa I !J~llan form~) are ~ orne g~ tM
!:;;s·ues wh iell could b~ rejate{l10

~i;ilileriill" gj;!n,e<~.:III::!:.uia "sup~;r0lc:r61'!

lalll'rC,il'iliill explcr,ii1lci,i:i1il

t hi~

discussion.

II'! Ih I:!. ,"j)nte~t on e ';;O!.l!JlIu ng~ I":5t<!!!~ the! nsiJste:nc;e j)~ t,i'ie i!fea 'c1' "e-m~tili!~~5" as ~11ii 1'I'(~the~i5, !ilire~th rel<lteO wit'" l!'Ie'i'j ideas abDut ~h E! cit:y. New a ppmx imi!ltlql1~, !'ie-w ~I r,~liel!lli,es and e...d'~l'It1'1' i new inslru rnents IJ'f m ani;lg~illlenl: a nd C(lnc~ptll]n dE!stlr]~q t~ resjil<ll!.j~1l toe <J;QCeIIH;;It~n.O

t hod "ln~q'O'l' cert !f'V tne er 15!:; or y(1l;l~ (!e~1 a~. n In thk5 sense, iF V(!y !n'lIol!IU",e!y 5el'1lSea oterl;;!1 n oull urai millia'~e 1111 [lJro:~e ~l'Id 'the Utn~t:e-~ St~'te-.g, It I~ b-e.tliilSle ~he YOina n.a$ Men OIl!~we.::! to ~111 tOG ~r!(lnt!v ~Jl!j t here t"la~ ne nQt e~i~t~d <Ill aUermHlve 'YIn. In ,ilreM ltec tura I tQrifllS, tile l'iill'J!], t!tJ~ II~ ht, OOlJto ilSIS~~U atQ the e~tl!'rl (H form. terms tl'! al: IMcea r~ hlliect 'i'oiOCiIIliH:J .A:>M IJ mara om~lQses in hls seer e !Jo fOf lie'\'! 1;1 mers 'I'i!th me capadt\i to b~ ~C'iiI~t~d to ~i'ie n Po:>!' ,eel'll.lrv (,I. '{mire ~flC!le, t "io:ytI "/fj ~/I~ aLI XXf~' ~'fe.,t<:,l'Ia<:ltn. Pari'S 19'!l'-41: (J",namle'S in 'Oi)PO,Sillol'lo to
a perfeC:1 Grlillir, to the ~lar~lV an" SymrnNF~ !'i MIeI'! rePJe'~el'!teoC! tile j~ es Qf o'r.;:l1!teeture slnee Gree"e ~ no .!'!!! ~oI!nB~5'saniCe, In tl1e t rlld'itional Qr.;l~r, Ih1l' c(>m::GDti 0 n 01 arclrlite",tonJ(: ~~a~e iI'nell 11,;; pll'!flfi~n~ of ei,t !(f~ ~oulJt! 1)8, 11'1'froij'::l, ~ oem 1'1 p~tal br" IlIIIIt ur~ ~from 1M ail! sig n 01 trJe "Wh()I~-, I urtMr liU~ntlojlj I,!,IOU I" tI~ g IIiII!I'i!o P.lItti~!:Ili:ir mOiiilffil?lUs8. amll.lul di~!iI'lWot.l betl'lecoef'l "!lIW.~sr ouJec! ,~M ho!:1 :!tl~(:i!', ~tw!"!f!'i'I of:it~ lii'lti ~~;(ri tor,!!, would bE! i~n n Derl!!l~IIY mar~M out_ But il~~lIntUlis centr:If)E!t~1

-i;ln05a~ageI,Irb;;lfl d!~~e.lo~lII1Ie nt Ql"llr me] rc~O'I!~~ alnd ""hi c'h wljl noCl!'ei!M~ tow j:Qnllrlil'lal:~(jn ! th Ii'i$~ ajaQ!'t(j~",~

or

v~nc,

.me tne

¥irr. rne

:;hild'!J'l'I~, the fOIll!.erlt. uIIJ[sill(J th~saml!-

lilt li~~z:~ndQ' I~$mlll$mOost.e!'m~,n;CI$ Cl!.!e,propo!'l~

ig ... rn~ , ,al QWd@fi

el O!Jrillly,t~'t~ I

¥O!S,hiiiiblli A:5iliill'i!itfTa 'E!'liIsill bi!is~lIed\a1 de'lIIuevo;!;; 6!rdene~, eon lell j}B e h:lad td@ ,[l J:li!lpt~iClon ,~IIIPI'O.ldlin'CiO ~~glo O_'(J{'1!fr~ c~cn~:' Tokyo

"'til XX'-e

.5i.e:,le',

~Illrf@ctll,

IP\1iri'5, i'iI<lI~ti!IlI, r9~4}; liIiIFl~ililli'iil:ii ~cl'ih..rriiili ,<Ilia darld.adl "I 8: loll ~Im,~b'rra qUi!!' rI8,prI!8@n-

'~~r'Ol!'i el' i~e.a! !!Ie ~~ arCl!!!~t~ctUIi'!!J !!Ie'scle 'Greda 'I el Re'nadmi~nUJ. IEIii 01 Qrn'~1iI tradIGI'onal. ,I,a cOllicepclon del !i!!lp~dlll' ,~lrqu'I1DJ30r::t:6nlico 'II ,(Ie lal p~'.!I!'Ilirh:.acI6n las due';H!~S serf", ef~~tI\I' .. mel1t~, dle d,e !lIatur,aliIl'2,i3 Ci6111l f{Il·!'l~a-d:B'.5.dif' ,el d iSEli'iu Oil na "'tot,ilIJhd8id"
!l,E!' I)'res~:~!i'r,al ~t~!ilIi:III)n

~ 110$!'!lI[lvim ie'!1Ilg~ P<l!"t I.ell.!I'a.res-,

1i:!I'i!Wn~'V lit '!i!(l!illi:l be, 1!O!;II~aIlV,pM~ibl~

to Imal}in.e

a~ot~i!lf «'i1t ri rugal ~drD n. itl l'i'hkh AIf1C hil!Edu r~ aml City W·Mi~d fN~r 1,0 !iJ ifliO~@o 'uMt6tile and ililD!i!I'ililedd ...i'h~lliIi'C wi 11'1 ilts con sUl;lctl ons aM SJp<i li031 ella raL~B'EstiC:$ n.avLng

enhe (lbJ~dG"hlJ:fi!ip@dl" y @I ,esIPiH;;io <lnm.riorl, ~I!!tre ~i!l,!!jj,~difJ h1rr.i'lQrig, (ilydO!d".i! Ij)~rr'e~t~moen'lle- d.e.ilrlflitol!!iI'<I. ' Sin 'e:mb'argll,frenlle a estal hmdem::la cillHtlfip@t.a ~Ilddamml i6gl~ .. m~!lt~ ~(.'l~~l!il:l'r~tf<!l! ~~ ii'I"~"'fo!!il;!'.1:~ ~~l!!tr1N:j~'9~,e!i! r~1~~"'! arquUedura y ciU'!:I<ld rel!Fl,I:llrfal'l ,OIl llll'amic as mas Inl!stabl@s d ~ ~,ndliI!tln l,elIIS, coOn CQlllstrrlUlCciQ;l'ileos 'f ~~;jlI<:l!:~;!!liIid,ade;s Ide' fmrUefa$ O!'m~i'\i,I!!<!$" ~!!IP<!o~~ (!~ ~,jlil!$'tO!!r 'If (lie g'IIYir e!ll,triilt~",iciil!meliltie< y lal di!ltiFicion
l,

llii ~!'i'illi9!.IOU ~ ~d'~ii!', 'j\I ith the c~pa~it'( to 'stralE!gi:Ci!lllly IiJdJu~:t !1M eli lul,E! tl'le! ~ine:; of its ~E!riIl'H~!Je.r: I'f it i'5 ~ril~i~G!I.,. 1M jje rlll'i!!!t~f lin ~~ I'o'hl,th. ~n IElIfo·pe. ha'il~ trMition811'1' D~crded bhi! ~ppe~rante !J,f thE! d~y,bhe Ipf~jjGMetiilice O'f ll!ioi~form, th is "a r~h~lect~ r~ o~ wall~"
~oI,JICI t~day {~nlrolll another I:~p~ or tradition., an "'!lrch.ltE!c1.IrE! of g roun d !.l!Irraoes" c;;Ipahle 'o'f talvO'wfi!'llg

'tII~ conte nls. dlangei31ble in relation to th~ mlllt"ti ()n~ (I'll tlpp[}si~i{)n ',0' t"'e !lId! f'~lrI!1'1~. ~!!g:;;ed, wal erttg hI: OIl!'!d oi fficillt tiJ mod.if'l' Ofll;ie ~th<l5 b~ell g:e~id~o Uj;l(!n"
It.Jew mE!c:ha:nis.rJ1I!> [ndinedJtowOlrds, fajm.1
0

UUlriie5, e~ teri o;r

'~Dims. in the iI;~nft~1Il1.! iRQ! nll.!.id~t¥ i;!;e~een

!lI'! ~';U~I;II;' ,and

esta ",u.qluite ctura ele ItiS, m;U ro~" seo~ Cldr[aJ j!ii'~F~iit.ar; IiIO,y, iill {Ibo 1~~o de tw,i3ldl.. 16n, una "!lrrCIlIIl~@ctlllra dll Ilo~ ~uelos" CIlP.!IZ (lee g.ri'\l'iJegli~r lOS (;O!'lte-nilil'D5. '''m'tl~aJif!t!e'5 elll h.lll'CicFl J!ile I a,s; m IJtal~i{llIll~S. (pm; I}pllt~icioll1 i:I la <lInt I r,)ua HgUl'i1iC,lolII, c;~rlr'1ldil, es,t.!lI'lU, !;IifIItU~lfI1Ie'rute m~Qiirfi .;:ai!)<1 IJIIFlOli ... ;:: gle>cJ(j i d~). ~ 1,i MIII;,allllls,lmo'!j 11l11J@\I'OSpr,oe.D~'o'i8'S <II s.lIlIeta~ d'8~va n;9C Ldas, al 'orm!ls valg.asl 11 I·al (lClntin!.!a flyl(!'e-:l: ~QtUe ,e'sp.acio, Iiil_l::tl!ilrlor y e~pa~1 0
1

I Ml ~~Il(!IISd~, ~Olilt oror'llO, SI !l'i"ie(; I:~,!uni!fi'~~ i'I,u '~,iflg' I~$ !I~i'leo!i!!; ihian dlec;:idio en IEuro~a la flsorwmra d~ ~a cludadl" Il'S't1li prIl'IlQrld@lr<irJcI-~1 d~ 1101 tOfm~,

die- cOinit~nilQI la~; qllJ'e:t nilllll~'~~OIil<lIIlllJE!:F1te

n; hi~;e,ture J;]'j ade from Ih.e i ntE;:.h~f 'tDll\lOlrd~ tiMe ,el~~rior, il'l commun igll "",m] Il<llt ure, 1;1 r'~'15eIY ·mmwgh a "Ia-gic of han:sillon~. c,ap~bl~ cd f,lenerating

iii telior

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"to:llXll O'IJi~'lI'·,

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AI ~ 1f1!n~' I~ ~~Ir 1I1~1>!lrl,,1111!~r~l$t ~ W~DI1'«l;rtclnQ 111~ !!i'IIr I;, it !~ 1'h<l, ansence tin.

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itsefl DOO1e~Into pt3y,

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!r>eOOI~~&. I'1I1kI~ ~M Il1tBi~G~II~1 M"a"lta.;j~ art ~ef arelliteorliiJ~~ !>as

The Idea er 'of>Sn~~(ll1lf1~ 0100 I"'~=J;'I'~ ~rl')g< !lI1g rram Um !;I'""YOO d!>;I",'t ~~Itr ~1;Q~~'I11ii. It 5e~me~ .~~"'~ rnst 1f11~ _~Id I!TIM' ,an a~din~1'I31 .Isl~~ ~I' {lIlleds anil! ..,..;uldn'l, in th .. ,.nill, I•• "~ a h.l. "I'
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'prQI~nglng Mid l"t~riiepo;~rl11

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D,E.'CONSTATAR c::OMQ EL LUGAR SE CONSTITUYE ,EL MIISMO EN E:J.. f'ROYECTO! S,E TRA,TA
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HERIE WE HAD TO' SHOW IHlO'W TIHIE :S,UBJECl

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p.fI\I.'1~ dieli!tt!~ b~ 1M d~",· .. ~"~r~ 01 <J""""n..,~. 1h. iMlIII~e·!O\3i 5t~I'!;~~[I !:OIl1, {«In'll o.@ ·S3 f1I'IIollllaM as 1IO~'Ifllle 111a ~te~

n..u'i!' ",a~

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L.. o:l~~e~ec! 1<1 1J1@' eenhe <If ~i'oo••. oI;liQue ,,1m..:! .~,iiI r!iNIIl;l'lI!I~ b)' .II nL!rruw' p2l'1J1 .2Ilgng!iidfi 1'1"" \'Ja'i!~~ ~t l'11e ~rQnl' tf~r~l'!>erl1l" a pa11Co-1\f~~ 5~ce, oOj)BflBIlU~Cfl ona .!'id~olll\' .....hlcl1 ~~~~r~ i~~ Il¢us.
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~ ~fl\all (lll'(iI1ar,D ~I !~li"IaL~lo!I1il11~e lree~ l'io!!! 1!>i!i!i1lplanle.!!. SMn~I" • 10 e:o .... Ih~ 5,jot:ll~ij1 rool

pl1¥~''f toJt ie1!'>l11l9 them ~III an abIJl1II'ann or n;Uura! ilohl: Plain, n';;~ilr~1 matanats in' tlloe fnL.'!G< ""nipl.~l~J'1 It, ~mQ!i!n,la!..!1'if, ierter .. ~!!~ gf ~I~~ ~~'1l1-ilm,,~an. liri<~ s, It seems ap~mprla~e tha!I:~ 'i OJneoo~efill()",al ~-el oIJI\d1Jl~1"I u~€' M 1\l,I1'!I~, m..t.r;HI, put· btI~.ln.r u,irbl;i.. ~1'IiIwJt; l~ci>n!'1V11,
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G,RAMAYIICA

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TO PR'Q'GRAMIMATIC

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LAVA.

l'm;!Jgf<fi~l(lur ~nl~B ~eat~(!am~no <I t~ll!e~>eniE!---"""""---:H'mlIWiiMm'os ,ill ~yatr.g O!rti~t<iS. $,eriillld',o!l,!;!,n tClrl!lO ,il una t<lli~~,olI ~M~t 01 A'1 pilper,!o<itJ5, lt ln f,;lur and l'rIes,iL Uno de 'e!lios lama UI!I f'!l'lio, le il:!eb,la en CYOIlllf'iJo l:Iilluj,<l1 Y draW3 on (lnl!' (I,r tll~ ~!l'l.4,!tl~adi:l""~ witii'! the intentiGn ~oIllT~ I.!rlQ' (Ie I!I;I~ plle'9llLles ~'!ilJlllt,~ll'ItA!!:S C:Glrl IntelllclolII die qlUeo e! tMt'tlle rOllowinq ~~rs(1n sMuldfollowllle !~'p'(lut :~iglJl~~~tJe!o:!l,I~;!i t!!1 tlral;a,do S~II1' oneeer e ~g, 1;I!.H1 M h8~lho. CO," ~! I'>'I~ hou t ~ r'IO\!IUI'IQ II.! Mt IiI! has don 13. At 'h,e eM o:f objet'Q d'e IQglf<!r U IiJ f!lIo",ilT'i(l iile, c: o.nt I nUl~d,[l!1 sntre 111"1 dibIJIj:" 11i:;.ps rt, he' ta:il€:> ~he pellci I I Co ttm ,~~~I' of t!'l~ pa per unti I it alPpe~rs c ... r t h~ 1101ow! n'IJ f(l1~, e ! 'i' e~ proxhlllo" ,eli flln a,lII:jl,iiI'fsu p.ute, ~H (;~ 1;J!,i~ ,~I ~~p,1 z bUll onl.,. <I li~tleo, in such. <I '«<W mal 1] few . (leo p,or e~ ,borde ,tIl~1 ~a j:ml ruast<ll aiS'l:!lII!ar !l tlr~11 I;loint~ O'r referenfe are 1t::ILWr !11{! c'ontlc:glllo PBfO' 5601,1) po~Q, cle mMO' IllIJ'eo UfTI 1(j~IQwili1ig person, This is,d[)ne ~.oen~~re IU iil~" ll'UililtQIS(lIe I\e>foll'r:@ndll para ell snguiE'nte" a, !1Ilrnirnucm le'lE!~of coi'lli fiuily Mt I'I~~I!I Blrtis;~<1 (jUlIl' 1t~mial elfelevCi (jle'$COno'J:e Ui) l1,lI(1 :!lLI one ot<!wing anCii t~e n:<!d, Tri's ~rli81 wM !o'mpaf!le,rlt! h.!il dllll!llJl.~O!Id'o. Sol(l HBlflel UFI cuarto 1llIE' (;comes ne ~t ln line is un awan~ !J r whal liIiS p'e pi!1 '!l<1iI IbJlli:lIIl~:"I;Q'i'l !:)W!il;l~ j;!lAntD$ de c:Q,l'Ie:x Ic,n @f1 S'll I (0 mpanien has. dra,wn_ HE! OlTllv nes a ~Cti,t, ~ ~tI,~. $.,!l,i!ll! qlle~u dibu~o '" s r'a rie de una' 'bl,tOiJlielOi!i:i! the' origin;llshe.e.1 wl'licll is I~r't Wliit.~ witll ,!;ri-m ..... L.....-- ..~..L.~_i.1 ~,H~ne 'Clue ~oerfO!lr!5<!i'j !l'sa as ~'UIIliI'lIIc:08refl!l1@llicia:" cQl'ln~.;:ting paints -ab ib edgE', lHe kn'o"fj:!; trl' dra'lJiI""g, has 10 fit in as ~rt of <Jj "",n.DI~. thi~ i~ hi~ ,~:nl~ [)j~lIj .. , y V!E!'lllite ~o3i 'Operadon; vl.lelv>e iii g'eojiil'F iilnQt$ ,P'I.!nt,O':; f!l!~eren,e. HE' d rO!w~ ami rel!l'~aits th E! "re ...ClU~op,er a'ilon, i sebre ,el M,rde dell FJliel] ueo. llJ'na '... 'CI~e los clIIlIilrO ,ert"is;ta;li; ~~ Qn'E! ag<!!n le~l,!rnQ a few points over th~ edge of Ih~ lo!d. '!Hi:ii) fermllil.ad!O d1~!:plil!gall @I !Jape,!, EI' r>e:sult',!l:t!!1I 'El'SCOl'loc:ldo: Q;~ce the fooyr artists llavoE tini slrle'll "'11.~1' un~ol d the !Jill ~IItCllel1,tf;" ~Q ttyih) 1ji,1O!' im,a.g E!'1'Iu;!S, E!' C.OI1lf.OIr1lll81.1111 ~IU DBper, Tnt' re sui t· is I\nC'wll; OJ 'f!;lf'I.uih!!'!:!;Jfrie~tinQ 01 ,",O! !:!o!!\i~r ~lC!qu~'$ltlt. mil. rigur,al .rlll'l ica -'ll!racii1!:l!, glre<cl:$Oi!imlt(j'DS rho t slh<! pe a ~aO(ii'lre exqlli~il a un i '!:IE-tie a I:@~pu (fItQ5: (N1' ~!'!'h!!,Ce=!E! iii !aqu@ ~@ r.Qurii -1I1!gnt~ ]!lFoPclsell" to thE! points. [If blll'l'~11!IdlQ lTfj,odo, iIlllI}C05:I'b~eC:lllatrQ' ~;hil!rtoe:5enl con necncn!n ',\IIW i1 tou r parts o,f [10 en ~m ~OF!~tt<l ~i '~" e cOi'ln~t:t.I!1I9' arl~Ln are combmea, in an
[]if IMm imp()s:SitJIC WilY" .. im ~o araw ~:~~

lilrt:fCUllo,

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t~ato

lin t i1!$ a f~lc ie', I U$t ilr.;e !n a cada ...a ~~ qui s' r
four Oil'HLe

m.my

_'iit)uj<;ir eu a,~II'Od~E!' Q(sImi:'ilt 1!JIIlS pU~:g,Lle~en les H an.Ifi$, e Oin'O ~iril (!oj !Cad a II~ r ,Jiljxql.l i,lOitltl, 10 I, pe rt illlllte deestos ,j;lii~!g'U e-~ .~Qn lo~ ptl nto~ -Wn~alllme'I'l't~ irrvl:slblle:s.) d@ U1r1iIQIiI.' VrnC!.lI~I;I::; que les p~rm~t!l!fj Iii COil:5hiLlCci6:1'1 eoe la~I~l!ra.La rlglilf.aJ en sl, res,lJl· tatlo de I ~e:;.~Ueg Ye., JHI!!'lh~ Coilr0CIi!'r de I o!:Jlca !lOr S'U califad~r
'01.1:rent<l
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<lpare !'It I \" !r·aJls,rorm~cJt"'e

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qUla,pal'\@'nt~f1lIIellt~

se !ja'f!:

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,(e;!rs,

the' CiffJIfIlIf! II!xqrJ/:;I!. .'he .Fflp~rt,m( of til , e fold!; ~'I! the (ull.rF!illtel\i !no!l~Lglel Uln~tln~ porn' s: m~ IPn~s Wl1ic]!j permit me consh\,l~liQn Gf t"'e ove~<Jj11 for rn, Th~ ~~gu re, UtSlJlt !nQ f rem this unlordin g. calli I Mio; IO(lIC:.9~... resu It or I':;' r<ln gllrm 01" <IIccld~nta I o!:har.l!cLli!r; I:! L11.i'K' ~re50cnCl:l 01 these uniting I poi nts j usli lUeS it. !I't 18~sot<! l tiP! Illtu ltl ve le'l1~I.

riOr'lu ito; !)eml

u lili6.f1J ~<!

jli.!~;~if;u,

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liiI! ~;we:>e-i1(I" (j~e'ez:tQ$ Il~ !'1ito:s de @111 'f!olll,l,a de Iia illlt'iilidc.n. FlO

A 1I~r1:lr !de ,lei ho.lli !lI1pre.~tI )~11i!nnlHi~~e1\!Il!il •• I.~." d;'I.,..... ! mOU~~~,D!to!l.~ o!~p~n~l~nd .. ~ il~ I~''jHI~!P,,",!i:i~I:.sn d~1 'r t-m:!I~d~l'n~.d[], ~[]shn"r. E;.I ~m~l"lo. L~~ ~I de I~, ~I.Je>Q~' till' L~t.ti!! l!'thli!tli!. ~iJt .~ntfj 1!; ~~,,<rI~~. Tk~ ,h •• 1 !irlr\'l~~ cnl:olh ~1~fS I~I!I~IIIn , ~Irr.'~nt .... od~Pf'~dlr"l Dn """", It I> rMnlpiAOloNI !:Imll s~t'Sf'q~ntl'l' lIci.lni:i. Ti'i~ flftl :j!1'I0"!Ii~, It!rt I~nl

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!'f"!R~T ~OUI: 'HIIE 'tJ,ARIIiI'EN Qf' IF~."IN';IE Pn '! 962' a se~tu(iQ en ar lan, M ax Ern~l. p~n I'Il~d TM!: OJUl\On at (lilflC;:, ~~rh>i!ps nne of hls most surf1risin~ ~mll di5lurbiflil'j I"orks, In its lorrnal treatmeot, ihe p.ilintinq is ot(lli/'lls.eCII around IWe) heteroqemous images: a 'ren'linine rl!Ql.m~(t<l,k-llnrl"omthe Birth M 'Veil!.'. by C.,biln ~I) ,fIM <Ii ma n(Je ssct loned laln{l~".[!Jlle, Tile rep resen tat ion 0'1 Lh'E! l.I!Indl~oi:a ;f! beBr~ P ah'i': mark or5~ielltifi~ mil p;m~~liFlg.J gM'iOQ ICII,I ~oope, o The LOire anti the· ind re ;l:ppE!a r in 11, 'IR~i n~ ;:m OIPparQntlv ureclse qeogrililhic pcsition whicl1 would tJ.e. the conlllJfn.ct' of tooth ri ...er.s ne·~t to Tours; wMre t M ....pl'OalilC~ W'e ce-le!Jr<lftl1'd sa It lalecs 01 I:he ~arcm nes, II tno r~pre5.enta~I(:H"! Q"f' lhE! land'5.(;ape ls almG:!ii r'lal -( 10M! to that Qr a fI:l,<!P- that of the lemln lne fig ure is thE! <i:ompl~l~ op,po5Ite: a'he ~ Ill" 1ll'o'Il'n to Ihe tHJdy is petMcl, Thrl! li(JiJffi Is rlttrorn atJo~; the shardo'll -l!'Sp!!cia~I'p' on I he ilt9 around I.OInicn the sna e Is curl ed- makes. i'ls marl!; wirti clar.IV O,ptlcl'lIIY flrQ'e~tlnQ O\It 'from the p~ct.un!planll. To jiOloili,ii(: ~1'11iLMolll!J'm'fl IDe 'flQlJffi situ ales itss If b@llJ..... or in lh e ~ediont'd l<lIndS'call'~ nrd at ~he' same time, a ~cau~1! !)i the !!n~d ti"us, s Mado ......it <;Qn~eQlIJp.ntI~ oj tr<l!l1l5forms itseH into th~ onl~ point 01 reller, Are 'Ne 5uppo!!;ed lD b~ loOkillg' at <Ii OCQ!lill;!e'Nt' ask g.y~eiye5" I"lJllo'Ning Mill! Ern5t~ O""'i'I d~linltu:m. i::QiJld tills, ~<lJil1lt!~!l he: "tl1e acc~denll.!li m~~t~M or IWO' idlstin,c t ree !!tle5, in all i;llli!juitabo.le' pia n","'7' [VilFi I hOl!(]h ~tIs on !co( 't'Ofllcep~u ~l, there' appellt$ to i'~is,t lin a~dd~nt<!rl iMe't ill'll not !betweE!1l lwc, rig uras
lii-ui

Mtw@t'n

t.... :5'1'~tem5 of O

rej;!re~entartiDrl,

Iw'll ter 1'1 tortes or lwo itlmO$plutres. II! ~hert; an aHiOE!ntal meeling i:f!!!l",,' Df1 Lwo tr<!(tltlmlally basic

of a Iparirilli nq; tli'ie' riQ ure and tne nee Ii4lrClll nd. meeting be pi'tlflUef\tllb~t'l'iI!lQn tnese e lernents 7 TiiJJl~~au'ld b<e the most i:lht urbinq 1I~j)~ct 01 th~ rl.,!~Hng- Which 'o'j(]uld be the figure in this CIISe? To our e-d!ucilted eye. ~'he first response

pilrh

ran .m ilrtcldental

D'E f'RA MC I" E."l'l:st j:)1Flta [J jijrdM de Frtmtia, Ulna d~ §u!O obres qllllza mill!> sor~reM~eo:"'ti!S e nnquilltant s, EI cuadr'Q :Ole Ii;Irg,a.niz:a, !i partlir de des ijrniill!1lle$, he.te'r~g.~fie.I!IrS an S!I.I tira1tamientg Mrrn:il: !JIna 'Ilgura remrmina (e:t:traili!a diel NiadmieltJto' .ri@ V:!'JJ1I5 de (aoona!) '!! YrI e~t ra:flro OP'Ci l1;llje SilCC r C)nallia<. 'L.<I IPeigore~eln~' t'1ictl61'1 d~"1 p~lsl!~1l t!enlil' <11,,0 die tar~gr'aUa dl!nHifl~iI" de eerte 'Q etllogiCo_ lEn @oiil! ~Ipalr'@ce el Loira "l ell rHllre '~1iandD una! posicion '!:JI!lografica ~p<lrefite-iiili!onte preclsa 'q]llIe s,eria 11<1 I.. CQrlIlru;e-VI!;.!la de ~Imbos I"~I)S, proxima ,de ,a liours: donde iIIe pU"odlll,clln 'a,s clMeibres !·!!gIY~~$ I!Il'l!l!Io,gas ,eI@' las, v .. ~lr'IiIU!S. Sil Ir!!1 relPrese'1'taciOfll de:1 ~aJiC5aje e:; r;:,aSi ~IMa -p'l"6.~lmlil ala die un mapa-, iO!! 'de- iOi ~lglJrBI fl!liIIenlllll.a es ll}do Ito ~l}ntlfOii"II):' 111'1oh.llm~trr!a dao,a 1111.l.lel'1Pt! e:s pet'ec;I;!!i. c L!l1igmo!l ,~~ ilumllilaJ de'SCle Ig'alto; la :s.om'brr!li -l!llJlccial' mente 'en IliiI! pierrli!!J SIObre Ir!!llql!l~' lOe enresea 1<1 :;e-i'~iMrte::oe $,e-iial!l con cllal"idad solbr!150!!liellidO oIPtic.am;e.'!'Ib! di!~ Ipfiano dlel <!;l!.!agr,[;I... "i'iql!Jra IlernE!!lIIina !IEi' 5 itliia W!l'olilgiiCarlil! mente, debalo 0 g'eliltrQ del ~al5i1j~ :5et:~i~n<ld,1Ji "I S I'~I 'fU, [par Dte:cto de elOral $0 mbr ... :!;1~ c;Dn ... '~ede, 01'1 o I !lInicltl reolieVe, emergentle. ,Lht,aremoo:; 'Ob$e'r"'~ln(lo un cQ'llagrl!!?' Sigulemio lar definl<!;16n !1f?1 p,rl:lp,r.o lr.ts:D! El'llist ,estE! clJailr,o tJ!lM~I;I.~~r ",~I ancuentre fortu i'hl 'tie< (!;o~ 1'@.!Illdll!ld9S dis:Unta s e fir un pDOitiO no<·,comf'~lIIhmtrw"7'r ,Alllnque :;;lilQ see I!il>e ~~~rn'i!I C'OIll" ,eep,1:lIiJl. ~a~~e ~); i;$t Ir !,1m enC.lIll!llIbo,rortu Ito p e roo fl!O ~'ifltre dlo~ flQur!ls. !!III'IO entre aes s.i5.tem<!s. de reflr,,!';@n· 'tadon, entre des entorno:s 0, do!> atmo5fera:s, Ell deUnltlViil, un ,enCllIe,ntro 'JolrtuitQ entre ~QS. p~!'te$ tr;!li'iikIIlIMi' Fmm1i:iI haISka:!l, de 11111101 'inti!!i'\a~ n!il fig Ulrlll Y 91 'h~ndo • .!. FlUlerille p II' R~MIif!' 1!'!l.II!!;G'U E: Eli. .:IAIRDlrN

En ;962

IIIn

~.!Jtua9re-n"fIQ

....~)i

ViOu!(il1ioe the 'l'iom~n dli!:tiDn,

V!;!RUS. HOVlI:Yli!r, and in contr .. -

this iJDP8ar~'!lilllOtl9tl!l!d b~hlll,j ttl land!ic.apE! or !!'\I,en as "he hlddtm taus.e of tl1e topoooraphlr' a Ill;i the u ndulilll:i niiJ prnmll'lS net ,o1lMoe ~QTenne5. A~iPearin ~ at I., i ndet!!'rminilte O'..:Iille and Sol fT'IlJlta· Jleous with re.~pe!;t to t he bareI!A;JroWlnd,Ib P-OSii Lion tOoui.;i bt' secondary. but duE'~o the' effect 01 '1nr8'l~ef. It I)050ltton~ It51l'!f OIt the front_ In fsalily, lllis p.IIlntin~ IlrOi:lYC;e-s the fin ..,1 gre-,;lK of thE! binom'ial 'figunE'-·b!it~.~rC!uM, fi~t<lbl~~hin,IJ a n~1.II condition;: ~h~t or the ~imi.llto!ln,et>iH Intef1~li\i' (lit both.

plII'edll' (lilllil aea 'e'n iJ~,~e~1c moSs, iti(lYlI~toln~e rIIIol cuadnl . .t:Cliial s'eria en e·ste ease 18 fiCJural€ La Jilrlli'l~fa te:~plJl@sta. I ill Ill,!'!' 1'IU<8'stroedurc;ai!lO, oia, Serf!!1 la InmJer. V!8ilU~. Sin r~mba rqe, 'co nltri!l dld:r:illrli!lme nte, !irs,ta alJ'a,reC'!l:' r'!!(;ort.ardi!lliletn'is dill Pilli5arje 0' inc!tusO I;Ylm~ III ,~.IIIIJ.!.a o~lIlt~al de 101t;Cl~O groat r.!lr reI rre II,!;!",,!!!ood uilillllte iile lias;

PHI'ducitse

bte

IiIn enuumtm

"ortibl~hH~otro

1;1,~t05, ell!'ffiI·enr'to!s,?

Apm'l!C9 Iln un planlO illnCleter!T1rl!'laiilo' V s·lmult,~· neo' ~SPe'<ct'9 ~i'kind,o<: !:UI posicion padilla se'F s;eii:ultlaarI1ar j1i@ro ~or rl!fedo, do~ ,·ellieve. se :sitliia Clre rr!levl:! d,~!oIl1III'tlt,.
En r,e~lidad e~,t~ CUi!dro, II1"rod!JIc9 I,I!!mptma d'eliailtiYai iilel bililomiQ, fiquJra"fcmi:lror, Ili,tilb;I~~em:lQ ryna IrlJUe!J.a to:l'ldldCin: ~ill d,e 1<l5im I.!lta oeii!!lad1 il1ltelfl:!;.;!1 rl!1"!'t:"'(l!lmboj)~.

varennes.

EljdrdWIon f'~n'~
Y{lmtS Bp_lIret:!:

J;I.~ Emot,

l!iil2.

rnd.I~"'.'"
'Il~~ ""ro, po ••••

r .!ilIo.!lt.!;o~~ ,,~~pKlrQ 41

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'Ji.na. "p~~ !l~ sIIJlUILilnq~$. w1f1 ru!;,p[][t to =_j"11!! b5dlllIQun.d: if~ 1l03lhlJlll i!ipp~l!in •• c~"<I!Ir V but Ohe 10 t~~ i;<11h. ~,I; p~ltlqrr<.II'.lj ~ tho dn:<!llL.

[r"'~. IP!'o2. ~L~'" mG!tie' ",1~~t9 ~l~n~

~r~,t

~~eOMllfI IFolli.llI: M.I.'1i.I!IUII!);'DiM,Gi

At the end of thE!' liltli;!'S ancJ be(jllnnlng eoln'l-ding £hronoleogiClJll,;,

\!Ie "nn'c
rlll!llJlr

Qyr5ellle~ wlt-ll 01 ItH·!),act~, <IIse d Is~urbi[\g and ~t'tli~el'Jj j'lgure

wIth me I]an:ien Dr france. group or arctl~~~~ural

01 thE! :si:dle~.

and IJ,lIitkt;jro~nd

corn.,I~), I!II whl.ch i~ once

thi:S,

retllmnlil to them .:I~ :lill evoil.lti!mary 11rsl refi~c;trDd1S[]If Te.. m x, Th.E! ~omJ)o sillon~1 50~ rUI;~ure, of I hesE! porojecb \!Ia s d!!velop~ClI Oli the bo'!$i5Qf a grid or in g~neH!,1.In an product. or ~I'I~

lneS-!! proJ@1:ts,

agli Iii P mdlJ(,~d, In a!'l artleru 'l'Irltt~11I sc lIle year~ la tJar. AilsCln SmllMop' used th~' narne mat-buill'linQ to CI!'SC:rlbe

de, 10$ ~~'!Oll'lilt8, ,"i'Onloh'igllcamellte C:DII £j j.J'rdfl'l tit!' Fnmtia., 1i;Q!S le:l'lCoclllt ramos !;OTl !JIQl gnJ:po dli!' "rovetb;)~ o1Ilr'qllitect:6Ililcos" tambiellli ii'!gj~l~hlll'tes Q comp,Ie:~~~. e,g los 'ClUI! se ''''I.!I~hre 11li1ir'Ol1uclr esta Flilphilral efl!t~ tlgUJra V tondio,
c,Dir"idie'l'Ill!o'
En un arttll;!.Il(J

5,!G U" PO 11"'1011 E'OUE: .M,;iIJ "-BU'il.I:IIN,1j 1 #J. 'In,l!Il~s de los; cim:;i,JJ;!lIhl Y ,clHnienlos

e:5crito

E1lqul1io~ .. ilios

mils,

tall'd@, AII501i1 :SmiUil:50DiiI"

i~ot~OPlc, nen- ...I~ril'!;it!ll;ai structura (eVeriltlo!Jllh I~: ,[ 11111 alHi bQ In",~{se:i~ read,a~ a pa rforl'lled or h[)ll(JWed-III;1~'follln;til in whkh i'he E!rnpoljl'l!!!$~ 'Of tile pore conml'Litl! 8 luMilmentai part '[l'r ttl~ DullilinQ ..
i'lliloog artklE'; o.lMr D:.;amlJle~ 'i\i"hi~h were usad 'I'or I.M" AII151:1'(1 fllitflSQft mcfuded her Ol'tn nudllO~" S

projeci' fOf the comDetilion of &:rilln- Haupts.tadt []95.1-98}. III this pwrOi:t,. a peciestrlall svsts 1111WJ~
:j;u~rim posed o ...er ~ re'C1,!!~'''''Lllilr pi an of sITe~t:; In 6

the resuttme Dlulildii'iI]S" I'I'hlc:11w!:re used as Sp;Jlial I'l.Inl:tuatIQllln Ihe resulting tavollliL Tha FHllWtl'r!\ @nsl.ltl,lled by tlhis llyn,. uai'ecl pedes tr i~n ~'P'st@'m I'aded rl1e t;it~1 anti In DCeLiPled it I n a d ismnhn UOU~ and eereus IN;!\" The em ~W spaces or I his nelwQJ~, It s po-nE!s" indic~!e L1e+Dw,the -ground [lof th~ in itial cbl,(, Its (]old solreE!,t~. Some yoeOl'rs late". (iIl'l19631, C<l!mml50, J(lI~I~ and Woods pMIlG~(H! <!! co mple.~ layo'~t tor an ur ba n de'!.lgil !l:(I;rI'IpetH IO!ll 11'1Frankl ur t, In th~~ i"S;~!!~;;'~,th e ~ch~me j, S'triltorlo!!d 1111 number a 01' la,!,~~ that colonize ~hE' (entre, ,onflnue until the rlV(!r, invade rne !1O!i!rl [If I.h ~ ell.1I a!loll l!1fIUr,~tE!'tile linl'E'rstql;;~i!. 'the straets, absor birl(l and bl'nding ina new Will" th.e e'~ I$t'!nl:j bu lId ing s, M,<lin51 t hi!; u rba'rl plOPOSill, C.amlUls, Josle 03 WOCl!:l~wlth S c h~e-dhe1m al'ld tile (01 (I Dor,~tIQ n of n{l P'rou'li~ Iii tM ClBSIQI1f E'~tE'rn~Vclodoin{l elements o and, windows, p!!lflneeJ tbe hei Uni"'l!rslt1lt 01 ilerjjn Dr w,nicl'I t1h!!'\' WGUlfj a Illy bu i!d a part (tho PJoJe~' 'tIa 5,fini~I1@~ lin 1974)_ .. 111 he most urboilill prQi~,,·ts, t I.he IiIIHJsl' ~h&r~clerl$tlc a.spect was. ttl!! i:~paelty ,of the Fabric to. infllW1te or ,ont<!nnlnarte tne City, in this. liI~t jJrcj.eet, IrA tr(!at I nQI ~h!! building 01'5SCll'lluthliflQ e;l!p.mpt, the (·n<llr.,c t@riSl'I:t: ]:trlm;i pa I would De tM d~r,e(;t "alual'icD 01 1'1'1ern PI), ~Ilace, (l,' ihe pOri!'!l illS illil il1seper1lbie ljillrl of me prQd~t:. The cDntil1UOIJS system o'r goa;rc ~ilS ~Jtll~'ed ;It di''ff.~re.nl I~... I~, ~ includin.g <litlGye the- roo~. is :;upernrnpcsed Oo,oQfh(l i ..tryciure or tM Imililrn~: the tr,eatmE!l'Il o'r lIt~ i;l11ferent P la'neS of l'I'II!Si'lSlYrr;;i~e~ bE!comes, a hybriill In 'Ouch a 'l!oI~ywith lli1! ~Clns'rucbed grid thilt VO!U~M110l unllerstaim;i the I!xiSlc·nce of one wUh[lut the olhiiF.' A re,ent e~~rnple, 'lM Vanlt.!l Hospital tv Le COr!;usier (.964 ~ cou Id h,~1 'to int~INe !atf! the se hro con ~p,t's: P on the (] ne han-d tMre i~ 11'1 !n lerprel atiol1i 01 tM [It ~ e <1:1 il c:ontinuClus wMle tine! 'the ~<llJoi!~ltv of ihe pl.an to il'l~,[!t:le Qr tale- rool in it ant!! ,{If! "h;;o ot her, the iJPDfOlI50~10' emptiness -O<CIJi)ied herE! by the water 0' the lallm)n - as a suiJ>!. alllial [ P.a,rl of th.e prcjed,

way o;.1I1ich.diredl'ill:onneo~'Bd

doe'noflnli'n!llb,a <Ii a~lI!l:!!c~ Flril\i'l!du como mat"!lililU:il'mg (i~,,,1II'e tradlucidio lirteil',ail'l'u~n't@serla a190 asJ €:.om,o edlfici'Os-estera) rerirl'~liIdi:li!l1l ,al eucs ,om;) IUlliIjproduC'to ,e"'OIli.!CiOn,!dio d'iI! las, p,rrimeras re:flE.'~llf)l'IeiSd'el Te'<lJill X~ ~n e~t,'i~ pro'fect;o!5 lao e~tl'uctLira co,mpositly,a 5e d@:!i.arrollalba, 50IJl"oe,ii b,N,@ die I ulila IreNctJI o!Il 0'. of.'llI :eliler,a,I, (Ie 1Jm1 sstructure g i:sotn~p'i(;o'i Ir1JCI Je'MfQluizlIot,e' (alllnq,l,lf 't!llmtl,lel!l ~uetlo!,:i1 ~elqo,sIi Ii'll lnven<!, COI!1lI{lYoOh:im'l!lI@s. perfofaClos, 0' tllIIlI!!!t:ad'Ds), en liiI QUE!' ei v,Befo, ,0 I!!IIPOTO CQm~titrU'I',e,nUIIIII IPi3lrte tu llo<!lment.a,1 d@11 edifido. A~;i5QIlI :s'mlUlsol'I ~n"u::llI!y6 entrE' Iils eleITIplo5 empl!:.,gQ'~ 1P,8ra el arHcilJlDo cita,da ~I prroc\ll!dQ de' SUIpnlplo e:!:'h.ll!Uo paral el COr'U;:Yf.!iiil ode 'Blirllll"lHall J:lh,t,,~t (1957-5,8,),. [,.. e'l. $o!:lre i!l! trame reeta nCJuIa J' de ,e.aII,e's. S,1i SlIIP'liilFP(lliioi! YIIl1 $i$.'lema pl'atQllii' q!l,I~ e!ill .. ~<!b,a cme forma dlrect'a edlflc,I,os I!'IiIili1'rgltnte5 'lJIlilb:.,ilIos: 'comf> pun"t1ll8cioOllI <e'SpaoCiall iiI!! t~ t"am,1iI1r,esWtOi'lihl. La Ir!!'d COIl5UtlJlid:O!, co r 'e,stie, s.lstiEI ma 1:!e-"~Oii'lOliIIPLJnit:l!Il1dl)o inv<la:Ua 1011 !;,h,u:l.aodly 11;91 sObreOil:lllp,dl'ii! d,e forma dis'!:on,tinu.l V /iilDroSilL Les vildtls de es,ta red. !!iU'S !}Dn:1:5, mues:tr.a fl, j!ln su parte il'lferi!Df, el ~ull!lo,

~e:,

0'

de 'a elu daCil ~r'dCi!lI, ~~IiS ailitig U1015, It a IIes. Algunos lii'lio:l~ m.i~ N!lr!:ie' (i,ii)!l.J). CCllldrlili5, JI!!:5·lc V Woods p repoae n pa'raJ I!! I coneurso urbanO de f'r, Inll'fl.lft LInG trarna Cirimpl9ja -'etita 'ilIl'Z' !!:s1ir~tlrl~'~da C'fI m'<lI'j'Qr n!imlml' d@ 'ca!~,a,:;'que ,g'IQlllizO! el eentre, que I!<;!<ga. ha,sta ~I rio,lrwad'e !!'I 'CQra,ZiSn de' 1<1cl.udad 'I se ili!fiUlr1i i!!;1'11 1M lln'tentil;iOS (J,e las I:BlIles abso'rlll·ien!:ilQ' 'If '1;I'1'm:lJlandio die~onil'i~ n!U,~'!jia 'Iil'diticios, e)i~$t,en,tl!s, Ifrie'nte 111ste p'nl,pue~ta urb,ma, 10:;;l!I!Vpi(l~ C.1iti,dllis, Jo.:sic: II e 'Woods, unlcilu III Scihiedhellm t con 1<11colal:i'Dracion I!e Prou'i/o!l' ~n los 'f:I!':rramien1:0s. ~!'iQi'fi;H::tl3ll!1I,a f"rel Uii'I'.Iersltliit de Elerliin de' 'Ia que se cC)!nst,rulrfa so~o 'Ull!Ia IP~pte (lIca'~llIda i:l!I191"'~.Sol en

me Ila:opit;ll

pecome:!; ~ ~l~IIiCUrlir~ qF

irreogu!ar

bDi'ders.

Lhat bll.!~ the u rba,n 1aym..lt OWU tile w~t'er, Like a mosaic or the Ijnlsh t(l a \II()IU,] n"s s,uII'. the' bulldi ng IIElS>Ql\l1r5 IlSleIl by becoming I1I'iDi'ot a ~d mare jlorO'us at

it!; liml is, lo~'1 Ibell ~g ainst ~:M lake. EQ UI'lI to tM rU:j

io~ proyedo50 m~:;. ur:banos 10 m.a.s cafac:ter{~UoCQ era Ia ,C,HlOilc'rd"tddl! Ia asters pair!!! in'IIi'~r'an!il!' 0(1 contitn'U na~ I'~I!1:ludadl. 'I!'n 8oSt'il'ultim'o. Oil'Ira't~rse d@ un edili!cic e):e,nta,. II,a carrlllc'ter(s'tij(;01Iprlndpal sllr~ dirrectamel'1t!!, la ValiDJ<lci6n del 1I1Ido,. !:IIi!' los, I',OrlO'S CQ)!'!i'I() IP:lIlrtg; eO,l1rSIII:sta j'J,Ci,a.11 !!IIe,1 Pi'O'Y'~ ct,!), EI ~i$tIi:!,ma COl'ltlll'll.IO iii,!! jardines s,htua.c!os, II r:llst'lnt"Dii FlI'l!'elleS, IrlC::IUI!iiQ'5Q,tlre lalS clII!b;i~rt;!:s. :!il!! !;upl!'rpol'le ala es;tn!!::Wrii d~llldi'ficl'O: el 'tr~ t!lm I'litl!lto de 10$ g,i !:it,ll'Irh~~ r:t'IB 1'1IO;!l, ElstCt!O ~1JI@.1 os 5@ i mbriCa de' de t.el'l modD ,CQ,n lSI l"@tlcLila ,coflshulda ql!ll! 11'110 p.lIIeae ent:e'nderse la 'e:w:ste nC!ilI d'BI 1.1 n Q ~i!1 'el glim, ~ I Un !iiltimO ejei'ii'!j:ilIQ, e,1IUlspjtal d.ie'Wiled!!! 019L.e CortJ'I.!~ge:r (1964.)0. podr'r,iill VOller p:<!rOl ilnitl!rrelacicnOir esl:05 dos, c(l;nceptQ~: por un IMio,. 1<1 'Int@lrplI'e'tacioll !ile' 1<1 cilldiald ,como Lilli 'h~!!";1 CQlI1tlnblo 'If 101capOl~idad i:ll!IIfINI'lj1e,et,o para liil,Vaiil~r 00 I!nrill~r 'elil IH" '1/ ,p~.- otro, ill 1Jalloracioll'lIil~1 'If:llcllo -ocup'ildlo ,ElQlY!IPl;n' el ,i!lgiua i(J9 II,;!la~unil'CQmo pant' lI'u'stall1cii,jll ~4;!1prol{@d·o,. £1 hospnt;i!,11 ¥uelve ~ ~r !lIna- os,t;rudlllr:a (Ie' Ilorliile;~ Irr;e'QlI!!IO!!'\es, qUl! dlll'LJm:lln.81 I!I t:ramill urbarl!aJ sobre- eoll.lU.lUiill" Coml;! Ei,1eoncaj@ (I @:Ifilial l:Ie ~n tJr,CI'Jede rnIlJ@~,el edlfilOiO se ~e-$ul!'lvll flaci.em!o'kl mh y mas o ~o:ros<o a'i lIeQ,ar ,a,SU IfmiilB •. pe-t.ch~ng()(~econltr,a la II,a·guna, AI i9iJI!II (lll!Il! @oill los i:lemal$ rn.,Nn;lUdiw'1.l urbano,s" sus ilQ,rdD5 S@' diilluYi!II. 'il[Jr!i't'r'lIdlos~ @n la trama Ylrbcnl!l. COnlO tOQO::;jO::;: (lje'Fn~~ !lo,sel! IIlla e5~,rydu'r!ll!SitfOpla,~O!s;a, cam.CI II~ fie 'lin Ililqlueii.

ufb~n p'la ns, !1~ i).fJr(l"'rs d lIu L1l !hemselve 5, ;I~ th~'I' Inrdlt~'<!Itethe u rnen W,(OI.Jt, Like all tile oIM!i!n; It D05$e~5~5 an lnil~stiil\<t:t. strueture, Iltlile r mat- building

1~l;;e th~t

!!l~ ~I'

he~, tMt

It5<M In .11<i1l'! ell!'S or tli'lr(iu~t1 la'l'tfS

IF!\!'{lCes ~ vlll(l1O!11M a ~welOps or p~rro,rl!il ~d

:;;IT~~~rn~. If ,du, I"~ 'U~~t.1odetn Mo"'~m~nl.tlh~r\1! W.3,5 iii certalin IlMslo" lor su Iln!Fn<i ty or ol n impl use' to re rnallie bhe' wnh !!lIl~i!Id~nc';lI.Dw<Jjrds abstrarficn rui'lt~xt·_ rtf!: rlffi'f rind 1Jilr:;.en'o'e:5 with
a r>:: hi~~c:tu ral {!Il.l~o::t -I l"i:3t .~!lp.€1I~. ca:!:a {orBeq Lieh~~. pE'r re.;:tI'I' (Jefl nl'd and ar [I'IIi'fl wytn in its Mrder~ .a~d in r~s:ped Form,;;ilily to

I:(IM PUl.oi'l.trll~1 u res, lh.:it ~J~ i'Ii)t MiJed 'rei a~.l!d.

po~ou~ or 1illlmilM·lii<.o&. rlith difuse. iI'lVil:!ii'ol!E', ~~~ntI&b I~' ,~d(l~s.,~ Hll!! p~E!vj(}l1s iio:strad relat'ian

Cij't'i'il1en I}Lii~d il'lg ,arrd ~solyed growllld surface Or bV of the building Co'fE'rthe· ~mund :'li!lrl'at~ in III Mtu rill stMe at O'l' the h oriwnta li~ati:Dn OJ nil J I:i~t.ra~li~n on ils. oOtid itio.ns 1'5 iiol'l.' !:u rneo Ird(l
tM' '~u~rimp~~i~.[!J'.n 51J'.m~thing rrmore· [{)mp1e ~_ The e ll1Ij;lty spaces an d

PD.e~ {]d' C g rid struct ures 01 mat-tui ldi ng a r<!' not he SimpJ~ paotlos, l!'1;1! pl!ano do !loi re'lllOllie' erou n(l tnern, s
The I!mptv ~p~{e5 <Ire <In Inllere nt Ilart 01 t'hem, like i'he pores of a sp CIIIlg'e.'TIlley are bll! It JI~~ fQJ m81 H-am~WlJr~s, lilo;eerltwil"!~.g fin~ef5, ope;n '!\I·ld,e·rI'i'Clrfo.."

1~f1l!a'l stru c~ure's t h.. t ernerece {]~CIIP~ empty 'lipa.:;~"

"II r, that wrap, up or

;)nO!I'I'~i5 of Ff'I<!lt-OlilliOlilO,,a cnenqe or rocus i~ pr{)du,~d: if ill! the~e IlrooJ~~t·s, ~I'!ere the t~ndNICV W<ll~ more G1lili~c~. rl;'l;lted,.~he b\!lltlin!jl e Dlleilred pe __'ed Iy {J~!lll1Ied a ga I ns] a b.~~"g rOil"'!:!' thl .. b1!!cl· f gro-ulI,j ts n,;lW tQ be f()!.!nil 111I~IQe the DlUh:nnoQ. A,it ha s

Fmm the

'i se de'~arr'Oilil,a en flmamcntm;. 0 medial'ltCl c'~lpaIS 0 ~~tlralto'$ ~eo~·!~'r~gO!!O. ~H iIiI'l.I rOln1:~ e I M'Dv~nnie nto M (loerno pr~nn6 !;II1I,[Ic~~~'~a~l\El SillSi'll0 l,rnp'LIlllsCipa,r u!h,'!! ce r eel ob) e't~ '!!lrq~btect6Ir1itlC! -~ue apare-(e, como COFlseeu,eru;.u<I,. pBr1el::~ament,e d€ilinido if dilb!JjadCl !!OnSU~!> IlJ;ordl~s y con h!IHlencia ~ I~ ,!ili)s:tracd!;'in re:s,peo~ta'OI~ conte:'!t.o "-, aihlua OCJ(5, eneoatremcs !Co:n, struetures f,ollmfllme,nih! comple]iI!l e ¥ Mob~IQ~RUIII~!li,Iloro.~as· ~ f~~~llfOel!'!itr;i:!!·.M', bo ~!i!le5:g I ri.l5QiS., g e· exten silHes, ~11li",a~Ora~ l~ anterl,OIl" re 1,(j,ci6n al:!'!it recta Illflh'1!;!' ... edJH~111) V SIJ:~IQI!. 1'1£!·~!iI,e·i~1IiCI PiQr' $!.!p~fp!(l~h;I60!"! ~~, MI'rl!clo ~1I)!!l!'1e' e-! ~!JeIIO re,11i !l's:tM,1) llIa~ur<l111Q PQr hor:iz'iJ'llItalizaeion yall:l1flltncciol'l de sus oCo.nil:Uc·lol'irl':Ii,lhOfli se cOli'ivll~l"t~ ,en .d.g'omh 'tQ.mpl~jo" I L$!;i ",ad~~, io~ p~iI'lI;I~ ~~ i<!~ e~tn,!chlr\'!~. ra~tcu~iiI're:i' lIiIe I!~~ ma·f· bu#!l1m'f:j no !Jon $il'i"ip·I·~:!i a~llo:!i, I,oi!: pftl\let:t,gii!; Inl!) glr~n e'r! p(lm(:i p ,i!jl o'!iio!>" 1l",1):!;VOldQ~ 'OO!'lIl.artJe- il1!he'fellte d~el eIIQ.~ cemo el pero 10 e~ ,!;Ie 'Ullilii !e'~IHHJja.Se CQIII5tr!llllll'n ,como arllll"l,<lZO!ilI!S rormal!2's. eo mo d~g(iiS e'i'iti'~;tru Z<i-e!gs.mim.!:ir~:5 Ollioi;e·Fto~. ,e-~tnidlilras de ~ifnea~, Clue abiri31zi3r1 ,ill re, q lie @lnl!o'lu!1!I\f!!1!I (I ocI.il~~ n \li!lcffos. A p,alrt II' ~el ,a,nili usts die I!O$ mat-btr!OOIitr,f1, ::;:e' pW(l"'ly~e !iI!iI cOIllllbio :d~ ell'lfoqu:e';si en I:IJ'~ p~"y~cto~, d@ t@I'H!@oI!lI:~1! Imh o:hJl!!tIWI!II '~IP>!lfEda i!! IE!d!I~~tio r~~~ta'meo!IJte If\e-c~rlado '~O!1ltTa I1.In~ollld'l;I, aI1JQ:ra.,es'bet JIoE! t"ncQ h~ pas,acd:oa fJ;sta.r d:l}l1trQ' del 9dlflcilo. lEI <l1~(I I'll!! q Ule;r;II~ dill !Itrl1l,j)i!i dlo ef! eli ~!'it!l'!flor d'el jtllf~yec:w V 10 Imr~ma lfiIal cu rrrid)!:I c.oln o el :!ll!Jelc-(:eI!;,l1rdie elll ia rrele Uni~:rsiu!t. 1r:!'.1 !j,glUo!I de ~~ IMYn~ e·n ellilo!O:pfltal de lIenec,~, I" clUidl~1l! ,e,1ConcursO iliIe Fr"l'I~fliltU,. relil
!:lye iriv~de un Itu~ar

r'emalned ira~p'ec! II'! lfJJe int~rl<Df" or rhe lm e same IIi;! ~ O~CI,Irr,~t;I wkl h the QrOU!l(l

!he FreJ Univer~ It.\!it.I he Wi!ter (!Ir Ibe 1a9~on in tM V'e.n tee "'~s!J~tal, tl'le c II \I In tM rra n Kri.Jrl COi1fi~eHl·iOn),

I},roroct and ('ttl6 gH!en 11'1

!!~fI'fi:J ""'.I1pIS!...rt,

AII.on

or

Z COrlcLi&:sa pllr.!.l ~11l:..mlm

!:!Iii!

l","~.r S"'llIhJ~'" ,L~ r'iID

;.i~~m!!l'

1~5'r'19~6.

rr;;r.tl .. n, e.",~IIIi,.r.;.I~ T
iJr'lll ~,..l5nYi l:!J!mpll!,l~'r qi'iJfIl

~, F.I'<IJp ·Wl>l~~'~U~'; E!~ .Ifr<, t:llooll'~ .. "k;s;I!:, 'iY·[lc:ds. 'f

!k:h!Ii-~lj;j!!m d~ ~"rl! 1;1 !;;,,!.jI:lI)!f.iiI[;l~ ~n l.:kii

l:oos.tl~!..IIIf.. per II!I p.;NI~!J'.rUIj1 !",Hid., II!! <;Iu~II~, y I~ ~,,'br~YJja ~~ ~MiTYi d~KlJnA.ml-l 'J J!i[lr!Z.t..
Pct~r 'SI'EII! h:.,nn_ IICJSi7_'9~

.J..

P-rO-Ui,liil

.s..rri~ !;I,;lo\IJlj l"uI'., ,1,1",," ..,~

Th~ .!1~~worktD:f'is.1rud~d b,! ~h~

~!~nl~~ ~I Gentm ~ !leil<lIlB~ta· CBrr~m~fllt>'l, i~~. I~iJI'o" l""rAdil' !ill L[)[Jr.!l.2~n ,[I", 1;:1 L"" d"~,I"I(><. pl~(i<I !!~ N!'O!!1 Hi tIIbrid'lIf'i dl! t.1 mojj',[j (an ~iiI dud~n:ll !i 'HI Inl'illtr.!l f111tj i~~
l!'itt#!H!;:!M 1i.!1i

!~'i

~,~I~j.

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r~h;;;\lhl' I'[ln,sillLlldB iiU~ no !;ib.ft!;!t ~ill\~il~$ril~ ~!!! •• J!~l~~&1!

~Q~t<I"~ I"'~M~! the {il"~ ~n'll

mr:u_j]it!~
It 111~.

IWn!i ~[Ir.mi!l, ii!.f.-r!l'illll~ 1f'i[II.h::ii:J~

rran.l!.h.ut'5, ,dl:'y ocn1ff ~Cf1Ij:j~1lUtliii C~ nLlH~,
r~~I;I.;I.:;.llii6.:!

dlk-·:in~tnuC!u!;;

an!! ~,~~

,....,..

d.l urn) ,In <,I0trl> FrfJi<!tI~l.e,':J~.l'. Pie,lil'I!:m:U:lIllSi . .I[j~;1;, W'i;lQrI:!o i1~ ~thl.dhelm ,.,Ilih !he < ... ~ .....

Josle ~.nd

~ COniP~fllll'ioot thot cDlonlu~

~n. ~W•. contl~U.~ to ~

ml~'f. In.-Y.iI:dr,iSlthQ- hiiii~rt

1M ~I '1lt!Q.

UQn QI' J. P'QU"~ ii"I t~ r,~.IId.~, l%~_ Tn. dllr"""n! ""' r.<e·",I.n~,.,.r t~~ QO«I~n. ~~@'"e ~ hy,",,~
f1:Jrm wll'h 1~c I;OOS~Ii'UI:I"!E1:! rll:! ~

tih' ~r1Ei I "rll~I'II~~ the Inq~ ~lo~.~11"o~tr~~.~ ... ~b5[]ribInQ [.m-'i:l b1mi"g 'ltiDl1iIln nev.; 1,Ij.9~ wli h 'i'lli! ~.I!!'!!:tiM ~'" Idln'l!o..

.LI

i~ !<!~h \!I "~'I' I ha!. '(QiJ <~nh'" !Jfi!lilll1it,:m(il th. ijlkl!i1ri1l'"Q (i1 Ol"ilri ftII\jl nl.lt ~he Dt~r. h
4 HI:i~pl~1I1

60' u~
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yj'll

c., ~"'l'I'r. I!II~~,

il!

d~

VQIII~Cloiil..

~lijfuc~Ur!il "1i.1!r'J;1~Ctlii\. h ral!! ll.in li~p,n" IBil·-..d~. 1I.f.i;l~r,· l~ l;H!H!h9l1~ '''1] Y

mQrdI~J'Jt.ii! .~"I:riiiiQl~

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19.&11.
,11 l!I1dl~lInd ~Ij'!JI:h.n· Ii ii~ ti1'!L o!' IIr~e~. Irv._~ ~ ~11~arod

TII!IIIRDi IFOI-D.1,I!!I'I' wfll'll'

jI,I's lAI!!YiUH'I"H

TIE RCER

P!!..! EGU'E;

~IIIE WIE LT .l1IL:5 LAI8VRUiIT

In 1958, COi'ls,tan'l.Jnrn

{drift)

fmm th~ war It d'eal~ with In& orij.il!'ld5<~tigl1 (IF a, situli!ltiOl1ist exhibition 'for lh~ $bo;:c;lj>ili~ Museum un AiiiI~.terdllml and at !!he same time, til'll: transtorrnetlonct rooms. v1' the: mL!'5el!m Into ill [elf.:,!!! labvrlnlh, In a central zone of 11'1 'Same 01; it~ and sl rnul ta nt!()u~ totne ~:l:hilbit ion. tllr!~e' wor~ln!l' teams h&d to de ...eIGP a syotemaUc d~ri~'l
Q~e<r

Debord borrowedl tlM~ hUe f1Je War/eI~!i I",ab.,.rInl'l~ of G.R. FtOCke.

and

three

C1~ys. n.: extlltlltlon T

rma>de it clear,

as o...lc;I'~n,ed ln it~. 'billt'o l h.:rt tl1lij I nler na,biDn.~1 5 !tlJaHo.ni~ts were inotei1es.t@'dIn I he Idea 01' the labyrinth as a r,esult OilIost refelente~ (If plat!!: ,i)ii a resill t of deri~·e. TlUs COJ1lcllJS had been deliinM Ion ~~5p'eda ILV b'( I:l'l?b.on~ ') ~ ~ II form (JIf spoaliaL and eence pi ual in~e<sti ilOtion o~' LM ckly til rQf.J~h 1lag:ra.i1 t g walllcerjn!il. The loss of eonsetcus orientation ""a~.ol· !;~.ecl al I n~,l;!l"'e'st, WE'll! !~ !ne Jon (If ;I link wit.h the as 'rigor plan c~ acluel plan 0' thCl chosen 5:pa:c.end a till! lost rel.a11on to !he pi1'1'SiCn' OouWne af the ground
ofl

OEl8 01 the ps rrtc ipants in • 11<,11' o1t!Orl, (;0 ~~i'l went u(h closer to r<tls~ng ill speci'fic.1lhi

wtllch c,erlye

develops

rt sel'f.

r]5~,mL

arl:hltectcmlc apllro<!!;n. Constant, togetn~.r with th,p' archltects A. A~b~rts. Armaflldo and Her OlJaejans.

Founded ~h~ OHIeetcr Unilarv

Ur

barusrn. one Qf

who~e l'irst MJC'Ctlvcs '1"""$ the- notional rooilr!!"Iltltln of thE!' archi tCl( ts rore, not on IV .iI!> .Il con stsuerer of !c,rms, bul as Ll1t'! '"(QIIl5o'trui:ter of complete

en,lIlrtlilml!n'!~",· DllflnQ I1IIl;Jorl;! tMn Ii...!' yoars, '.... il~l ! n ;;Idi~anc~niJttll~ t)CI.iIuuru1 d'E'fi.nttion, C.QI1~tll;n'l Ele~~loped I;is. pto,i~ct l'Iieil' 8abvlon.. His ii'lhmt!on "_'~!'i Ie COrls·trutl ~ Qiaantlc Ulri!J.an network thaI Wlould cross large uems oll!:lIIriJop~.b;l~Ed 01; a ""uiable QoI;~lJ!IiI'~UOIll the g~CiiiJ M Ih ilt h adi to ac hi;i!\'~ Ilt~eII' (!iF D hrnuglrl a serLes- or nClWD-fK 01 inte;r-mn Ile rt log SI)<I,t!;,I1 srructures, In!>tBad of be-Ing b~5ed on Ih,p s.tatlc pr!'J1I,nr;ll~5 between ~ti'E'~t IJol'ldbuilding an d in t'helr ~il'@c:~all~<!li~n, They ptOIil'O:S~{j j'liloat ~'heliIuildi~:!i M 1!!!!!Vate.a iifld (ietacMCllfcrn tne 1;I11'QUnd, hVl:lfiCl.~ III U·I@ r;I efllllt~on Qf ~hi!'if LJ~e~ a nc:l .....rlable in t im~. or cou rse, apal"t'1rQm hDusing hM'if!l5 and 'Qmc~. tihe'se l:liJm(1in~s. had t'O '1 n::J 5p'1~e nor !el~UI'll lIctll,llHe 5 {'IlI'hkh

lEn '1'~'5~, C(ll'ls.t:!lnt.. Jorn y Debord ternaren ~F-e~,t~!:!ge~t,!!, titlUlllo ,!:Ie £! mundiO l'tlmlO I, 'b~rlnt(J de: Ila' ClbrOi d I!' G, R. Ho:el!.'~. 50e ·trartab,a (j~ Gfig!lnizar '-IIl'Ia,ex:p(lI$l!r I!i'in situation 1S'~a para ~I St,e',lhtllik MU5e,ulIIlI de Amst@rdam "I trOlfisforlll'lar ~1. e!i~ar;;:To~e 1,<115 5aia:s ein !!f1I grail laberillto a Iial v@z CI'IJ , 5imIL!IUr'leaml!!'I'It4~ ,~ III ,r:1!! If:!braelol'l de !OI'e-~Il·o~lcI(i 1'1, 'lin I" Zg n,aJ tent ral :!:I·it I" mi:li,ma CiuiI:lolG, tres equipQ~ aelb~~IDI >[JII!l,arrQUarunii!' liJeri'ii.!i slst@matica de tii'e~ !:!Ir~!:. ILa exp'1J5icioi'l, dej.aoll clarQ, ya en S!.I' pn!lp:io htlll,QI, II!llF1Iteres (Ie Iii!!!llI'terlllldQfllal I Sih.!ati(lni!ltll PQr ,e'l labe'r!nta comQ, Ii'I!!'SllIltBdo die 1<1 ~~r'dlda 'dl! rll'ferleiFtcla5 del !ullialr, 'como rt'5;ult.a i;lg (j~ I~ delfiva. il:s,t,e U'I'fi1,IIIO nablf" qlW,~diloQ eeflFiidlo, !!!!lpB'clallmente por DoI!iDord,," comQ form~ ,dl!' iliivestlllJado,1'I I!spadal y (iOI1lCE!'P,tualCI@ Iia tiud~d .!II trav@s de'l > vagal:!'uiid·eo (!leI q,UI!'Ilflihlnualb,iij· e$pec"~lmfl'lnit@' la per~ililadie la ,orl~nt,8el,olil cOlr'l5dente, la IP~ull'tla del VlnCyl.ilo con la p,lanto! 0, Il'llplimo' r'eid'i i11!!111!!p1lIcl.co lle'\Jido, ViOl perdlda de n~l<ld6n ~()I!I e e'l C(JoDlto<r'nOflf&ieo ~I:U!II(J, donol! Vadefl ... $e d'esanoll!a .. <11;" ~ 'Uno doe la~ p<I'rHc:Ij3l!s de aJQI!J!'eHa l!!j(pol~ldoll, 'COII~·tMt. file qiuh!!n mil,s eerca ,esb.!vo :de p,1~ nb~a miento$ \!'e,rl!iail!l,l!,r!lm:e te n ar(Jultedo!"li!::as, Constant. junta' 'Of! ill)S ,i!j,rqultltctQ:;, it .. Aiil,ut~r Armand!l y H!,u OtUh;;~,BI'IS. JllIl1d6!<I 06c'fla ,de! Ulrbani$m() Uflfl.JrlD, unc' de ,t;II.IYOS ~rlirm!n:I!l ebJeti'll'o$ fUi!! hill re-d@flnlcion de !a ~j'loplll liIoci6n de iilllQllIitedo., iii cuam va no 5erlil :~!:l~i!lmentle Itl CQlIII$,tn.!~·tilil' d~ forma'so, :!i,ina el "ten.s;" 'trudm de a'l1i1bie'n'te~compillto~n .• COfi!liti'lrrt, I!vanzand'Q en li'sta! n,e'rm.osa, d~'I,llfIici6n. 'de's¥foIl6 durante lno1S, de CIII'ICO !lI'fiOI!l511 Pr1!1'1'Ie~tti N.ew B.!lb'r1orl. Sill ilflite'i'id6Ifjj eral Cloll5truir uii,a, Qilq.~i'ltUC8 r-.e,dur'balnisti;;;'~ q1Jl~ fa·:;:cniera ,)r<;!n,d(!! ~rllas d@ Europa ipe'lI.g·i)aSi:lldB, en '1ez d'~ en, los p'rlnclplo5: e~t,;iti~!Q!i ;;;IeI.,. 'r~lo!IdQn i:,alle-el:ii·flcioO V ~n i'4lI1I1!spec:ializacI6n de- astes (H~illll{lS, :e'n 1.IPl<! oe l.Ip.!ld6n, \I'~r'r,atile (le'~ sUlelo· ClIlIl' dell i·al ICQrar!';e medlllllilt@ una ~Jt!rie' de ,!!!'struc:1i:llm'lli espaCiale:s· Ilnil!fco[JUlc·tilli:ln y hll'm'HLdo IIlIIa ni,l(jl. !A$ e:dlfic los Sit' pwpon i'an deos:I)iil'r,.ildes del ~l.!Ie·1 eh~\l8iall,&, 1lI'~brld:t!is en CIlJ1i!!lli'Ih~ !II 0, 11,11 d@fifloi'ci.on '~e 'SUi>UI!!:Il'~Y "',::lllia'b,les ,en EHtJliBmpo, En ellal:;", a'dlem~,s de Iia re5iden~'hli .., 'el tliaba]o. ·tendr,ral (jlJ!e elllColltraf cabir,da, d'~sde luego, ~~ (Ide; ~qlie se' tGI'!:&t Ituia EHI IP,a'~te'5usi<!l!'Icil!,11 de cualqulier jiropu,est",BI sl,tuaciOll,ist<!l. EiIIilLl{lVO

EI n"" ... ~~~IIII'I~. d •• ~t. du~,A1l· r.1iII <iOb~, ~~ ~!!' .1>II.r if'rr~tl~"'" Ifi!i(! tPlnlr i:llntll'Tl1JllIm!!!i\ti i'lliYitll.n~lIr IU'l!Ifl q.. DI
dlQi

rt"'l" B.~rr"" . r"'''·nI~nI4;t, ~Q<!)~~O"t. I~~.

nt~
IITHJ!dC

pl!~~rJi

111i,l1i:",,1!~d

fl:lrcr!!I['ichii

~'" ... ltotb~·()!~ • "M~~""'nI.,.o. C..Mlan!, I~ Tilt 1\IE'fl¥ l'ii:ibU'Ill'lI' D1 !I.fIi! til.,. I1~WI;ir1t, ,., 1'T;i;s rerraalc tl'"d ..,I1::'!i-:., r:(;m~tnu~II'f' r'~de-liltfi LI'iIJiln"'lrLt'Hn~n tll~ ~11. Iill'lf;tl in 1I11s; "iily .. e.LlllI l~aX(i U:r Nt~r6'ltl.!IIQ!J.:IIW .. ""' /'i., n_ !I'.oI!"I<i" BIItJ)WJ'"

9.,;b~'h).n· T1'oo1\I~1"~rl..,d .. CO''!1I~I!ot.I'''r,o;.

n"'~.1.,~I.~. 0

~&)D.,

C"".t.mt. '~~.

No'"

8.lat"'" - Am.l<lrd.".

iIi~l-l'.rgc.. m.

uorm'Lnt.
Cu!'mdllii

19G~ 191>5,

colil.s:t iluted ill SJiJl:is:ta nti;J~ p art 6i e~'eI"V ~ituatiClnis:t ~r[)~C1s,al)" In hi$ errsttc. if1l;!e' <Ind J,3!ndom bCi'f-eI:s. the llIe'W hah i1:i!lI!t Cif ~li1oi~ ci!'1 n etwtlrk h>a~ I,e (on.t i!lUi~I'I r-edl!'dilll~ tne environ ment, ·t hrougll whl.;h It \I"'ol!.ll~ lo~~ I,t~ !IIIJ<~~ '" i~!II'1et~1 ener a c:t~r~sn;;:: tne ret~r~i!lt! E!~, n III 5'IJIl~J·t oftiH::; 501l~1'It fOf loss of orl(lntat~(!on. jj-~' rNi'fIaft1:~S b~· I ~liIfn~ ~r "~rD~e~~icm.!!1 ~iti..!~tiryil ists" ",",Ou 1.1p'1'(i~oke pe ricdlc enviro[lmenta I tra nstorma-

uens

11'1 lM

~ilif_

Indepi!'Me-liU1 01 the feormar (oinc-ic:lMce-s 'With martbuilding, in ~:he sense (]i its s.ystematic extension (as '!!'Ie!! a::; the sirn ilari!'V with concrete u!",baf1 j;lrapo:;;als n~e- tllo';!e q,y ~am den !')roe ~ ",flog 1;!~l<;emaf!Jr thi! [)1,II~chRand stad), it i~ WIOrth emphasisrnq .;I heut Ne w Baily/pn, Its cap;;l~,il¥ to ~QIII~tnu:t thi:5 COll:l;ept QI' "t Me H)~5, of reference, '!I!II'IIcl'Lcces I'm! m'll'!I' rere~ to g.eo qr aj;lily a'nd !a~r:I~'<I pe h I~ 0c.o;lJ~1 ~rj c'r a ~(lfflilltex (j,rld ~~riJ'Ct!.If(!~ !lout aiso It~ \OriO'ielli an(lllt'1loiM ~(ms~rlJlctlom, ,~'I)n~'~lIJn,t~'rmooifle,d by 1:h~~ibLJ~ tiOFllsl m~crlanisl'n, On the SOImi!' MSis as a:eri'ili!, I.he CO:s$ 01' .me,lim.er<lte oriental ion. as .a 00 n~el!Ju en 010' of 'noncon SciDU:!; wa m:leting. turn 5 the <"itV. ~i~e the rest af the 'I'iID!"ld, tl~bo <!Inur-."dI1fereJ'l~I;l~ eci i1! ncl n!)nre-f.er1;!'llti~I !;om!;)i n<lt Ion or <111; hite.;:tu re and p1,wl': into a labvrint'h.

habit,mt:e deesta clud,a:di'redi d'Bbia, ell! ~,I.I amlar ena~:iC'o, IllIm!' 'f ~ll 1m!! .. r(!de'rll'llr (;Crnt'bnuam,~nte ~I ~mblel1'~(! qlle< de este modo Il'erd,erli.a S!..II ~:ual~d,ili:l rnals ,eDemental: 1,01 Ir~r·~;e"c II~I!I.E~ ,il poyo d!! e,~ta pi!lItI~!! ... ,!:II!' o-r'jell'lr.!lci611! eusead,a a~hJ,alFtr.m e(jlJip-O'5 de":;;i~:",a'!;il:lllhtai j:lrcfe::;il;lrla~e~!' gtlJl~ prQ\I@~"rf~!lI e<P1 ~~y~<.!,dl r!~<dI~(;1'!'~tro!ln ~forlm~~h;lI1~~ I~I Il'~ am blen'l:i31le~. ~ln.t:Il!g'eMie:l'lt~rn,e'nte' ~e Ili!l$ CO'~!iI!!:il::h!AtC 1o.rm,o Ile'.$tCo:n lo~, iU mrllt-byUdin!1,il en e,1 ~entidQ de ~IJ exten ~i61lt en red, e ilfl'~ !tl.!SQ dil!! fa, ~~mH~tlhJd, ~)Crlllll'rrO'j!llle'jd.!'i:!l. Urrh!nr~tl~,u tQntrct!hs eonternpc ~am!..s ~QIiIlO I<I~ ri!f valllJ tij'li'ifl 6 n;u;r.'k if 6<1 kemal par,B I!'I Rr3Jndstadll1oland',4s:, as cOllvlll'Il:e'nt@ d@st<l(;'iIr d!!lI Ne'W Baltiy{orfi su ,c:ai)<aCiidliiili! it!aJrOi,eo:Fist'jrii.iir e-st,e- ~"nr::e'iMo do;! pgrd' Id1l d.!! Irl!'~o;!re:nle I ~! ~n gl qUI! In.o ~,6Ii1l Sil!' Inclu'!i'@ 08t 1111

~w"'.,

QleogU'aH~'i el pau$~~e «(:II!!e- s.e- 'teo ,g.cuP<!~Q' por un .. e'stlr~,w.j,r" rad~cular ,e{)mpJeJ<I~, ~ino ti3imbl'EFI II nO! p:roprill c.olllstrlJlcei>tin 'e!Ote,rE!o~ :v CDn(a.~e:nla."' a, mMii'hc;adi:3t cOrn$tan~e'imen·t:e pO,~ mi!elElII!IIs.mos sUtuacil'I:II!II:s:ta:s" AI h,ltU'<lIIIllUl! I!I1 111d!ll~lllo'a. I,al p.~r1l!;idl~ dE!' ~OIg.-~e-l1It<!,~i,6Q ,dI~Ji!;)e)r.a!;l ... ~gmO ~oll'!$eO!:~~li!d .. {1i;!,1"r'<IIIJ<lltlLlllld9'0 I FlC{!DS,r;:'Il'liIt!l!. eonvill,rt:c, Iii dud a d. COIllil'1) l
.a! ~$tQ (lei ITlY!'1t!g, en ulna. ~QIIIl.Dj"<!d6tn iMlir~~en(!<I(!!o! 'it' no reflll'endal dll!' III rqu Itl!'c·turra 11' ~IIICJa: 'fl'1'I UII'I l!llb,erillT~o. r

F'I>IiIR'filill FinD: IP!I(lt!liiI'!,AI!o!IMI!D 1i...VA . "lUe .... .nted to ~lWe'~~'lgate .a if<l nm a;f urbanls m willdi a I'I'Couid nQI n eces .. alri.\I h~~ p.re~en 5'ion 5 01 perrn<lrl" '~!'l~e or ~t.abl!ity, arl urban !:om li!l.e plan ktol'l, 1'1 h ic:tl< f.Q,~ld if'lri!tlr<!te or ! ny<We" Wit h I his pl!r~5€1, R01ll !Wo! has be(Jill'I the de~-c,rl,pi:1QI'I Cif IIi S IDfoJed In 'l'NWM 1i1I<I! wn lell n e reansec 111t99?~ a Dfopo5a~ 'l'or' ine een tra,1 ar8a, CI tn Is JlljllClneS{1 !:'11'11~1 r \ii~,II:~1 t~l~ cons tructi on of ti"r3 d'il.i<Jn!l1buiild:ing s Ii n!l;,eod toIixed ~t~ IviH~:s ""'E~ de liberate'l,;! r-ejetbed in ta~ou r D1'q fasci I,a,ting aH~rnat[~e_ rhrl!'~ su perimpO:5E! d layer~. constltuted D!/, unr;julal:ln~ ~!'lnl!'~. !'la~;;!'to' ,.lll;Iw a ~i l'IiIullt.lFleQU~ cornbl n...t iOIll .;If r;i hfer5~ U~5,; cs rp<!trlo;~ rOlmj)'S, h,!glhwiJ'(5. ~O(),f~, ~<lHlel1l5. tii\eilt res, .;:I.nemas. chu rcnes. ~port.noi;l neld!!; ... ~ harl n~ a ''Iarl,abltB a ncI COmmQA s~-@(Oe, T'he bas;~ j'unct'~flai rin.'lfli~o~ 'lhl~ p

iC;iUiAR'!'O II"!.II!;;GUI~, lA'i!!''* !;>~Q~I!!"NAf~I~" ''0 u@,nl,Bmo s ~nl!o'~sUg a r IIIn !Jrbani:s,m~ que, 110'Ilu~eesarlllllll@I1~~
tUtV'iE!ra pre'~eolil$i[me!O diE! p~r'm~llIelnd<l ~ 'e-.~tal)~~v(l<!g, 1,J!iI urbanlsm,o como UFI p'I~I!I&lIm, qml pu:dhlr,a' IlIIfUtrar 0 TFI~iildlr". Cgn est~ fl'a,se ,"g'mhm~O! "'em 1I;!ii(j!ha<!~ 101 de>..cr~pod6n del j;Jroyedo (j1!J!!~n 1992 NlaIR~z,alP!lW,i'l1 Yiilkol'l<lma.' una prnpUtE!Sit.!l para el area ,~el'lnal de !'OI ch.lr!li!,d j"llrCIl'lesa en Ha, que, dlelibe ri3Jdament,@, ~ech!l:za I,EI'eOIll:s;lr!Jc'~ll~1iI I!'dificios d'E! 'tr~lIj'i~ !,e'~, vi n ~'UI!I",(I(!l~ -II ~~ Uviga'~E!'S rij~~.Q~MMI) Ij;tOr i !)!'1<!1 IJllilala'5cinante altemati-Y<l. en la auetres calPlai~ 5Up>eP 'P![l~$'t;l~., (;Q!I'I~:~!tI,!!~<!s I)I;I~ I:l!O!il9$ ~"!:i I,,!II",~Q~, ~,e~far~ o!~~)I..!i~r slrnltUl~Ml'I;e[lrn!l nte l'I<lra una C4;ltlinll!in'8Ida 1:11 '!rI'ers~dad de ru5:OS:' .ail';]I~Umlie'rlt~;~! r~mlP~S;. al!rbOpi!iMS, rJ:Ui!liel't9s., ji:lMlne~. t~;!Itf'(:Ii!'. ~ i !,!~~.!i",!e::;,ii<ll~, COlm F-!~~' d!e'p,orti"'Qili',~, ,cQompii!rUeiFlliilo ur'lli!sp!liCio, G(jiM~,n,y "'~ri ...b'l~ Ell fjlrll'idpJo M'si~'o ~ufflJ~ll,[lIiI,!i1 de' est<!! p'fQ,plllei!i~a lP'air·aY:~l!.ohamiil eral !li'~~~rta r "el m<iyc:r

UfC&8il D~!lh;jlfi

Fori.rrn.

"~~~~"1~ f"J~~~"l, IiIoom 1I."lh"",,'<IJMA., ~95'.2.

"n

~~~, ~ijJ')~rp"nil!~
P'D!" pl~n!J!:li•
ri:I~~-ElI'1lpif.rmltl~·

t!:mltl1iUl~Si
.,:ildiui,5iD;'l.

rill fi'! !.iVI ~n...~rr-t!'l~1i ;!i ~ cDJT1olniiil:liJ .s::I1'l.W5rld&d .,., 10'''0, 1e1l~i;i!iiI1i,D.:Jr..l91l F'~rijITi,
'l"i:i:lo:iIHI'mi'l f.llilp.ml,

R~m iWcl'laa~ • OM~_ 199~.

TJi"irii!iil 'LJ.PIilr1I1T1pt:diiild 1']~-!Ii"1i """ ,tltu1.d b-, ul'ldul.o-I"Q f11M1!:!;:. Ij.t~ til ~lIu"", .J 1.1 mllll.tJ'icl!lll~ C!7HT"tt,linNl.'l[j1l !lilirl::;: IJ~!:~~

ur

Il rl)~osa I {lgr 'i(oke!i1a l1iIa OO~ to :;UDPo·rr "the ,gr~a~es~ n umber Oil pl;Issi be~e\i'l!nls with rn In! mal d eti mticn of
sMbl

<,,"Ii

l1'I;'rmarllent elern~nt~";

te 3~tlle"e

tnls ..

!J_pa,,, 15 ai:ttiev-ed
g roun.d on

1M nl1'ea to, ;:le$l~n buildim;!'5 '-witl'! "theIr In!lNitable 5epl?r'~li(l ~1 a ml limit;! tleon s"- I!.'asob~'i~ied by substituting tli011n "".til cOrililluooUs surfil'£e~ in rnree ~yper-lmpo~E!d al1d Uiiduiatl"~ la,ver~ thai, in t:onc:lusten, 111 ust work II kA? OJ 'trlllig a rO!.lnd. 'F''''(IIl a conr ~JI" tY{l1 polnt of view, 11 hrbrid, amblQuou5. and variabl@
in this Will{;

ii'ium~ro, po~lbii'l de 11''oIIil·nto,s oC!()Dl,la 'menor iI:Ietilllidon de' '8'II8!m!!'FlIto50 e'!itabH!·s coIP~rmallern,te5,"'; paf!ii IQgr!lflo :Sti ,ub'vI6 'il'l iIIi~eui'r;I d'~ ~dlrl,clos -co:n "SU'5 if1!!'vltailles Ilm~tacl(meS y
sel)<!,r'oIIdon!;l5"par.a

51J)5t.iltlJtrl;Q~ por sl.Iperficie-$

cOI'IUlnu;!Is

In short

an artilidal

'!tn tres capas 'Ofidy~!!!dB~ sapeepuestas gue. en d!!rlnitlva, debian ,!1ctu.u CQmo 'IJ11iI trlj:lle sueiQ, Viil~d(! 01 purdo de ...ista ~onci'!'ptual. SI! II,ot;!ra de e-ste modo UII esp.ado hlbrido. aml:Jo~~uQ '1/ ",arililOl:e; ~n dleflll'l~ti... , un ~l.ie:I'g. rtlfl,e:lal don-de a a dle:sarroHs:r'V alt'iilrrl<Jr .u;,tivuda,.;ies y feconlidl:l5.

111 lht' ~ame clly Qf Yotoh~mil, F. MOIJ5S~'IIi ,and p,_ Zaoem ~1"QJl!'lillr1()f1i~'e Arc h I~e~ts) (Jie'l'eIOlle;;!1h,~1 r p rolect fDf iii nar beu r I terminal. A l"rQe connnuous and foldi!l'ill tll'tjAce this. time be~oOw!l!S Ihe structure and qreLJiIId wMre ~ 511(te~S ion 01 O)!PFe~'s·iv di!'·~errltClrl!lli~M I.Irlhln and m~rlUme

""'hl~h toll d!!'.... el~D (ll'ldll.l)~me'l's. Adoptlfl!J ill ~Imll~r approach

~ na alto male

adi.,. itles

!ic!lII'ities are

ll'~rm!Uedl.

But ir tihi5

pHJi~Cl

IDr[}ducl!s an inter~$tJi'lg fe-rm<!,i response or in ... sa iltgal ion of th e ,;:on'tiji'IJu'OIil~ g rOllng ~~ rra oe, It [5 in <I nj)!'l!1erpnljeLt by tih~ same ilftl'llte~~ SID r t h~

territory

:;urroLln~ing

the cllthl!'drd~

in s,!!OIJ. wile re the in'filhstiiln I tM !'lui 1111 ~n the nil structu Fe or tn e dt·'i i<!; prod'Wc~d 'I'IJlh I hI! most Ifit!!!iU it Y b~ IlmplQ'I'ln-g a daub I~ mac hlinj50tn of

0'

01 My~~nq·Don9

or proloogation of urban ~cti""lle5 In its;illl,~rior ~iid In Ue ~tll'ig til,,,, roof C.r1M 1l!J Ina as lid as e~ten~ioi'l or pr'Olo-ngOlIi~n .gf the adlj.,.cent Pubi,l!; !ll"Qunl.i. il'lii!l t>Onl~rs on ~",e projed ils. rharo!lc:'le i:stle incorporatton image': iI type e'l roam cOItt.edrai a1'lde;,il~l'id the grOUlid. part m an ner ",S the already

spneers I!IfouM

to' mo'\'!' out 01 tI\i~ It, IlfI...~dinq. f1uS:h 'i'j,1Ul

fil~rlc. 11"1 the serne
Fra n kfurl

01 the urllilll

cHlo@d prei foe1 filr

b<V

C9ndli;~. Jcstc and Woods. 'in tl'1l~prw:.;::t 'for Seoul the bulrd~ng lore'S parI of this cato2<f,iOric i!J'ITIl.I'1()IOgV. W rnir'lg Its ell IIIIQ OJ! t rut' rec ievili'll g rOUfld of ~"f!allie act ivilloe!;. I~ is no longer an ,ebject rE!l~ tttl In t&r~il.ntl,ort on wbilcll to ~;(Oenment 'IIIlth varleus <i!clh'i'lies liut thle ccnstll"udlan and e.d(ln~lon Qr ihe cily's vEry own qround 1D13noi!~ hich il'lflltrate the :sileo W hfl these three rn~ntlon~d p~c'je't5, a~ in (J1.ht'r COl'llem~l!lrary en@,s. 1M (onccprs which p-rop~lled the rupt~re o!' tile blFlOmial relallon~h'lI be-tweBrl 'rtQure'Qrcl,Jrld er -ilrchit~;rtur~·O!ace, 5iee-rn'~carry Hiems~l... 's f()o limit~ urllim~Qin~d I:!eloreb~nd. e Tn!! '11m .gf rtle pr'oled l1Iaw tHl(:m alsoi ved; the II.s IbiclllCiI I OI~e$ rQO t In the ci ty t hrolJ \l" I t~ 'fi-o",,:s, and ng I!cli~iti~s; the I..e~des loos.e Iheir Mq'~ con'lJillol'll bY.5imultiJneousl'1' being ;)ctl!;'e sur'ate~, tho orouml pl;!ne IO~E!s it!:; stmHrlM aile! p.;Irallel organis.lltion by Inc! ucll ng. in bl3twtBf!n I hi'! b i!l~ ie cOn.£lI?pot'S on ti~~'!iC f.lrnred~, the oboliq,LJeIIl'IfHoMltllJn. wh!c:h conv'eys; ti10 Slliltl",i ~on~jnul~~'.

F, i.hl'U!ls1I:\oI'li A.. Zaera (Fore]gn OUic.-6!ArchI1ed~.) y oe'sap"o'llal'l el'lill misrna ,c:lul;!ad diiiiYQkohm.ll 8111Ilro"l'eclo' fl'i!iI'a un!! 'bClrmillall portuarla (ie-sd,e'planteanilllentQ$ s,rmillan~'5i, i;~ g flln ~IJ per'li ele p'Ie,Q1adOil 'f conH nua se a' c:clnviertle e:!:'~!1 \'@:l '13 estruct ufa 'i SI!l~11) para permit tr 1'1 una tuces,lQ;n dl~ a,r;tivido!id~s maritima!:; y urMi'I!I,s "'~p r~$a fI'Iil'l1!te- d'e.&territori.dq,i;O!dO!$. Ipero !'II eln,esh· prQ,Yl!octo SB' prolil'uce una, ill!t~u!!l.aill}tef~I1Il11i1liZ:"l;i6n !! 11lnves'tigacilill ,i!llc.erC!l O>ll' la SIiIIHlf1icie t:,o,ntill'l,ua ,dB" sue-Io, es 'e'n otro prlll{Il'&lo' die e5W$ mismo:s !lI"qUlt,e-l:t,tl5 polra ~il ('rl'~orno de ~<I cate4~al de MYM'I'IIJ"ll)tlrlQ eoli Sellll, ail'd'ute 50epro tlIlCt' CQQ1, m.a,{or Ilnhll'l,sid a,d la in1iltrac ian df1' 'e-clificio ,eonil,", ~:strl!lctlJlrEi de !a c::liJClad Oil ~mllllil.ars~ UIII (Job,le mecenlsme d~ nfi~:Q!,~Q4'\'IcliSn [I j:lHlllonQacl6,nl!!ie la aetlvldad,e5 1J",~a,n.!!~ l'i, S!UInterior." e i lOlltrato!lr!(l la pfo",I'il' r;;uDilO!rt.~1d@llnmiciiQ !(;omo e:densI6:n I) prol:DIII~acI61'1 del 5UIilIc pq;jbIleo centtquc, EitQ hi! i;i;lfil!ie,re ,~I proyecto 5U imagien C8Iraderii!ltfita! un.a e:specl~ d,!!,I.>spuma,retlO:S<!flh:~ Ilillr~C\~ S81iir de I a c~te(l"!l1 y IO!l:limd:I1'tii:1' a IOU<lIre d!!om, im/ad~en,do, i! nil's dll suele, :Piiliite> ede 1;1 trama urbana, ,Aligual.qlllll el ya cit~do pr-oy!!cto pa,a Frankhi,rt <!~ Cal1A:1ili5., .il1)5k y WotHls, '~n esta proliJues'i!ll p~r!l S@ul el ,~l;!iflciO· plerdl! parte de ese ~",t,egllir'!I' t@.·rminl)~Q'illc,<i' cOlllvirtiendoo5e ~'erdaQ~ii"amJ!nt,e Itn un 511elo rleceprtor d,e'ildi.¥ida!ile.~ vllrlalltlc!l. 'No es V.ai1111,<1. ilirt~'~'Vl!m:dj),n d'e !;.mkli!r ol::J,J,~tua,11 sebre 101que e!xp~rlililll.>ntar oem a'cH~I:da' ,dB'S vilriadil5, .5i1llO I" cOiilstrucclon y ii!l>;t'~iisiDi'I [J~ Ii00s
,pro PL!!)::;. :S'UI!-Ic.~ die' la du dad !lye' $E' Infllt:r~n IIII'!e I,Ig~ a r.

En I!!ldtos hes, prtlorec·t~$ dtados. como ~m Q,tfQ~ 'contempor;jne.oS, p!l,rec@ Illev<lf5e h<l::;,ta Ifomites ant·il'S flO ~1iIJ.. ~lfi.!ido,s 1(\51 'C:Qnc'e'iJto5i qiIIU! Impll15an I.. fllgrl:lii'a del biMmio·I'ornd!l)-fig ul~a 0 a,rqlliteclura-Duga r: l:o!OIIfmlte's dell pro'l'ecto se 1'I!l11I dlsLllii'rto; el 'e;difiGio e,nralf:za 'EHlla ·eiu."oJd ~ tr'IIV@S d'e 1015 f1ul)rQ::; V in ':II;:t;h/ldades;: la,~ fa!;I;,~da!l pieri:len S'U con(lII,cl:6n do honter.a iill seor'simuitanealllel'lte 51J11l!!mfjcip$ 8ctlvas, los 5uel015 l)ie'rG'9f\ su mganiza,ei6,ri es'trl!tulc8lda or P ~ raleloill .~lllnclllJ I rse-, !lint re I,os ~() ni:~ ptO!! b,a;l>lcQsde ~$tlO$ IUO''i'!Ilc:tos. 'a, or;lndlcl6i'1 O!bll'::'ua, qllle
Co!ll!!e-V<I 1111Ollltilluj'da!!l c '~s,pa,cllli.

.. ..
I I

riormiln.l~~rhl8rll Q. 'i'o~~l>om.r,.:J.pojR). C40e:~JMFt50 «1;lrn..;..n!~rllJ 11m IP~~ 1rJ.J r,.r~i'9" Dille. "'f.IlIt,t~I~,''i!)~ 'f.""".mol P9l't t~r_n.1 P'IP'." ~.Ion" [~.... mmLllr~ Wot:;ieJfj.).

TM OtfjN:1 ~oc'us!!M cMrllct{lr

hals. st ruetu ren !ts.eU,50rne 1i110FVh l,",~i~r.lIIV O re~alted iiFl<lg~S. n a... eeen ~ra'l'lln. CQm!Jl'o:l1! to i he feu r gro!iliPS QI e i !'fI<!Q;e~ ls (~e ab:Se'l'lo:e·of Ol'lil" r~latiQ<l'l~hi p: tine lack of ~II obi ec:1 a.r f~~u re Cds MlJen archltectarat as pktGri gil ~rn.Dn .. n!Ii!O or com ra£:tr:!D ao.al nst a llac~liJr(IlJQd. oll~~r1,1illlg t~,es~ imago;ts lo.gl!'th@r .arnphasls,~!; t,he r~tt I.ha~ th4! ton'im~n 111110: MtweetHll1 of tnern 15 th~ ~p~C:illl r~laitIon bet.\'je~1l 11'1lllre a nil tlac~qrQ!Jn d or l:ietween ~f()U Fla ,[I no JI'~tm1?Ct.uFe: lts cenn ltlon oi si multa neity an [oIP or tl'l~ c;~~I~iOI1 CNr o;;O!'!itfil~t
.his a rlide SID

I!!JIN!"~!.!!I'!"'I; Arol1l~Side the rou.r Iel ds eru wh,icll

1 £:5 P'LII E!GIlIIE .. A !!o IlarQ!;) gEl'Ig:s. !!:Y<!lt:~o'pli~~lI~~, ~n ~M qUi! ~~. h!l1!'Sitruc:tmado ~$te ~!;CfU~ ~t!!, nafll, dillllJado lIln,S,!! ~lma(JijlnilS morfoI6gi~OlImelil~~ UIlltllrml,iH:iolflada50. LeiS, euetre qlnJlIillO!i !lie imaqle"~~, t.i:e'ill!!1'1 ell ii;om,~fI l!<il"Y$en~!'" d~ 'lJ~~ rl!l~cl6I!'11;: III 'ral~:~1(l !ll1II oblet:o d

';::Common on ~re~'!ous.

~fi:4liit.~c[u Fe 1ii'li(J aH. IIPDl!'arS to l1aVll '" ISilllpea red and t Ii is has b~llti 'SlJ'b'5titu~M by a .(')Ofl''''3:o:'efl~ I~ and 0 pen de;sire tao ",;jIllE! em,Hln~~~ (QmuMld, a~r...). ~:sIflt~raIIlJn~ o. thrl! won, lI!I ",,111 11rno <11mIs to .. crej!jte en ...iromlii i;on~5. 1·0·pr8ue:~ up~ clI!~<s~d wIt I, 'the FE!proouC:li\lE! orapa[it~ o~ bhi!! ·QrOiilnd rl.!l OO!;,lIInd on su lOp []<f '1ilhkhi" the de-bl?rl'i~lllFia IiZ!i tijDn 01 03ctf:ilut I(!<.! snd proqrarns ... in slill}f"~~ it ':ie-ems tl:l confirm I ho? PU'5i'! . i(lwa~d~lhe dissofut icn of th~ tr'i!ltlitl()niJ~ blnou'liai
relati!}nshi.~ hetwe en t'h~ I i.;jure anti t h~ MCltg roun~lL D\lr~l't~ thl;! wh~IB d;;i ~$ic trad iti nrt, bile larld~c~pe or the s Ite· tJall'~ plaved, to a la rge< or lesser d~gJee.

iO fljJlulrti {t:~ ntiO !ll\l:IlIlltiiiC1l61111't::O COlll1l0 pictri.rico) destac:a:~oC! tContraslad'o eerrtra uRf,cm(f,l). Ob~e-r'!'<I~H!~ ~·Ire$I,JIVlOigtO d,e' s,ib.iar eSital~ Im,!!ig!(!I1I~S IiIln:~,$JlillllrtQ' 011 i,r.!I:!l re~<lni!i@1 lhlec ho '!:leoql!JI1i'Ei'l vinot:lJ 110ctlrm:i n a~@h!O ,e.!I ,,-So o illS lae~pec 1'[1111 rel<lc;~6n pPIJ,t!uCillla eor:rtrerl(jUf~1 '1/ '!O'lildo '0 te:nitf1~ :S,i.!~!(), y ar"iuliitechir<l~ ~gCO'l'Idid6n de' ~11lI'1,Lllta!n,~~dad p~r elm::~m:a, dE! la di@ cOflii:r,il ste, lfIa rec)I3' halbElr des<lparec hd!o ~aO!!~!'It:y~lIdl!(!

tan c"mun " 101,O!rqyitel:hl,lI ¥ i!'11~"t~ IItni~~r'lor, If ha~~~ side! !5 ys·tltu I.dO! p@r IJ,n~ lJl) Iltmt ad mala ,ext:;;!IfI1S y a bierta 'Ei'1iJ Iii '(jue [II
fi·!;i' trat:ase (I~ Cr!l'OIfOlmb,il'Hlte:>,. ~e V><iiOI!'Olf~Q~ ll' .. d!lis· {~uellj)(s,! aire-S",) cgil1.0 1P00Ir'!:e~· nt~.gl,al'jil:~s .fill 11,2j ~ ol'lr"BJ, all' ~rEi't!c L1parse !lQr la rl!plroilil Ulc'Ub Illdad ::1111,8IS~lIl,l}er1lc:MiS y 1<1dieste,rrlit~l'i"li:l'al(;I,6n :!l<Jbre elias die las a~Hr",r~.. t!::!~"'$ V loPs p:r~gral!iDas, .... ,em. CI>e'lll'Imv'!!, Il'~j\e~e ()g;nfiriifH!iIF$e· el ,1;mpu:I:!l~ n!lcii!l ~a dls(llucion del traIHt;iio'

IU! I bln'l}lfI1Iia·flgma"foll do. DILIralll1i:e t'l;laa n" tifi!o'i,c!6!il cl~$iiC<!le! 1P001~:;OIje e I!lul'j~r Ihi~11i'l !:l teln i(lo, e ii1J m:i!I¥i)~' 0 mi'II!IiIOr grll,dlo, uln,aJ palrU~ Ip'a,clti~

11

!pc sivOi

pg,~~~~ Qr' ~~enog r~~·hic al'l(i perm ~n~nt

part, Thl s Iii!! s

~r,SQcerresec

nde~ !I;!' the to! E! pi av~d 1)'( ilJ'CihilE!dure, wh i~h ha~ ii:llew[~e ~,~...eIDped this symool of n!'pre'sentat ion fGlr a nytiirling that i!; 'stalll a, TllilroughClut in is
,~,.,.n~ury hQ"",e1,'~r,l't'e have assl:!;ted ln :bringin~
.i'j

a bout

pno'Jfe~!OI'Ie nu ml!Joer of chan gesin these rn les, rlrstl'f, a rt h!~.~c~lm~ been los ililgtih~:; '5ta'b~1 has it\l (in tl1eof(lrma! <l~ we~~ as th e "t;lnll;ept!.lal) 111 ca.ns~ru\[:1 ingl rre~ QbJ~t~,. wt1!;;h "re !1I1!;qlnn~t~d hom the gmundl and th.;! I'll eee, or in m;;lkil'lig itsel f fo rm~,li'll ull1l~ta.ble, ne:w:~ble er ODnlll'i(J:~!,,!! Q'!'! I~~ 'I~~e~ ;;!.n.;! i n b~l;.()ming evor more W(l!(lmjll~::;,!.!Jilt an(l e\Dhemer'aL SUbS(lq~ll'fittV. th~~e ~h !n:;. h(llo,;ebegL~n t9 alllj;l!Y tlli@m~Ii,/·e~ lowarolls a redellnlHol'l -of the gFour'ld .. Tillo .;IFOUI'!d., w'h IeI'! !:Intll tMn Wil5· a lFimq,IJU ~~ mtl<ol QI mil na'I)I!!t'l' aM a PllO!mnt 1'( Url .. U~rgb'e S!.Ipport of l1!iJ i"!'Ul!i a_~! ... e~, h,,~ r<!g !~.'i1'~ han()led and rmt ol'llt' . it! c in tM nm.Ufolll antl ~ea loaJ~a:1 ~en5<~.TIIl!e IOf>~01 t ~!J' tecto-n Ie wn ien. H.ar!s S·~(llmilY r· '\'!a~ to de~on in

'" '!!lcfllllog,ra:lllC<l V p'€i'flffiOlJlel1te, paj'l<e·1 ~IUI~ h~ ~Ol '~Qn~'spo~'liIJlil!lo tamll>ien a .I,alarq:~ite'ctur·O!, IJ!!I'e' 1fiI~ ,de-S:!I,rroll!loo,as I m!slliliCl e,s;ti! $rif!illbill~'C) !lI'~ rE·~re\~"'ntaJc'iQ.lfldl!l II{) II!s.tabl@. A 1'(1lar'!:JQ die e:;te silglr.o" sin 'IlmlJar~(j. l-teomc.-5 .aSi$tido aJ iUi'ia ii:w~tQr!i!sI16!il de t~lmbl!',l!; en 'est(lS ,rol!e'S. j;lil'lmJe~o ~a I'!I'Cll:lllt:~ctulr,B, ha Ido pl'r-d 1!~lfIdllleosta' ~stEllblllcl'HI (~Il,r:llo ElIlI110 ~mma'i como en Do I:onc!lll!h.lan) ,adl !:CI'IiI$,1±ruir o!!;ij,eto$ i~bre~,/ ::I1l'~;1,ilrH~!,j'I'~ 1 (:11)$. tie I $ueliO 'I' t:I~~ IUg.!lf, o <II h;!e"'r~!:! '1'iO~,milIIl1lO!,fIlt@ ~1fI@st<lbl@,HEixlbl,s 0 !t;:olnrtingelllt~ ,eli)

sus uses, y dll:sanrellatr5t1 'c,adaivell1lil~5 init;lf!l!"'~d<l,e'Mmera y

Ii Qera, POi5.t.ervorm~ifJitt, l:-:!tO$ ~e$I!U<l!:;;:"'mle I'!Jto~. nO!ln ::;$!MI;!Ii)~.. IiiiQ a ext~il.cli!'rl!:;e ,;!t,~ jlIli"~jl.lo ~Li~.O. (II riU ~llo,. tilll~ta ,(l~tlmiCe:!l tlf.al!lquUli·

.zawHt~!dmtlolo,

ell! 1i3i@,~taI:iTl!i:t;lild V M~port>e ap,ar'~r!t'eme-I1~~

inane ral!ll[,e iliIe IIiil5 iilctivi;;j"!I;le~ hy 1'!II0!!";;!!~, hO!i:;,ltnbi"do raCi it:::al· m~i'!t~' li nil ~6~co ~:I'i ~~ se,nit~d,o n,~thllr,<I,11I ,ec,llll~oilJll:o. I.,al perdida "

t~r~1!li!Qt;ilO'rna

de ,10 t'B,!;;tOn i·eo, qlJilil 19<lIlIS ~e(![ l:mavr' l:Ie<leCta rOileli! !Ia, . r(lyit>e c· . se re~('rrllla per,lliliiia tii!' ,~'nro1ll:z!!m le'r1tQ, ~ Il'Igr,Bv lidl~:z tI! illru!st:a,bIUdla,d d~Et~IIIHlilc kl 11i1!~p>edjo iI~ 5111,e 10

O;II1;.[!lIr~IJJ

,~IJI",;j

iill ~ntOOrn[l

dg- I~, t~tEl~r~1 dtt ~~~~fI~~fiqi r(ll~IQfI

s.eOH~~r~~),
WrY! "~"l:ilr
IJ~~ .1!~!r Ii t;;1'ttlilndlJlr:i!J

orr!<:t

~ c~lifuITY!fJ.tlllji"j'JU~
(I~, I.. '~t~dr~! ,1:1 ~'I.I illHltl"'tlDI'

lfl'!l_~dl!:lr.Pilo. I!I ri~~

~ I!li ....
01'

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rl1~teHil~~ '~rslern is Ille. jitl~ce""I]('f'!]'

tit~ '1\"1","1g.l~fllill'l'l' meet~ the ~rnof~ho~i' """9I"1jl "'''1', .• n~ I~ ~

a~~e:!sltol~' ~ I\II!~, Or t>y ~il"'!;"m~ ~I~
• r~MlOO1f.

(9 "fc-";'"i Iil..,f) ARlO U MIIi/'!l!li ~ Tile M'J~& ;~ I!~e ~ f~r~e-nt"';"n

lOr

tl,.· 'IiIorld

a s.:ill~ ~ !1Q(!Q.

I I I

~i .

-.:..::l

I I I

II' E t.-N"Alu-Rl'it"E ZA A UN N IJ IEVOVU·AIL FA'IlM INI.A'flilIFlE 'FO A INEW Vl'iAl..llSIM

~~'~EII

YOH

liS Nl 0

Th~r.E! C!~

t-~o !105:siGle

t r;liE!c~a,rioe~for

an alrt.hitiE!C-

ture wh~!;h rncdets it::;~lf n n nature, lhe I irst. is a C:lil5.S leal tradut ion ~'har' .~sse~t ia,lizE!s natu r~ I:Iy a process o~ r!~(lY;J;tIon to pri mit ive cobjec:t h'pe!!, The ~e('IlM tr<!J:ii!I-011 I ~ I'iOt I;I<!I~W;~! bu t C!~rn!l! natDFja I. It l.co~:;; to prO'l;e55es or lormali.z<ltlan Ihat combine

HlEiV d ~stl'.:9I)!\i:1etorias ~o sibUc;s en u,na, arqllllit'!3 t:~ura(Jue imiti'l na rlOlt",r:i3i,E!·zOI. ~<! I1lflrl'[U!lra: es U,n.lI h'.1IdldCi:n. d!is,h:;o;l't:lIU! e':Sl!l'Ida,I,lz!I !,->or Ilri@,(jio dJlI p.r~';II:l·oli redl.l:c.tivo:ll <I m Cldel(l'~ La segundO! trad~ei6rl no "'~. d~$I,e~. ~iJioO ~QifI'ibilli'li!'h,)i"n~: buses unQos Pf{lCl(IISOS dll, formallzad6111 qlll'B CQrrnb:i'nlaln mIiIH'PI'e!'s ~i$li!~!IfNi!'5 Clue :;e' iP1h~~ ttl"'O!!n,de .. 10$ ~IUi~~~$ $Ur~ei", r~rm!!s c;o(mph!J,l!Is" E~t!l! s~glJndo' m~tcod'fI' I!S. ~eoI6glc:o. eo ,ell ~~lfItld[l de que pene en hmci'O'!'lamientQ pn;!!;~~Q<li ~ornj;l~e-jQ~. QUe. s.e C(lI'I'I!p,ouam. e'co,i'I'igIGo!Im'ente, Imos:tra n,do ee mil'o rta,lfIlien!to8, V IFl(lrmaiS ,"o(!l~c:tivQs. M~llntwas;qIllElI<l tradicr6n dlasic:a, lliIepe'lI1Ide' de Iia E'lIi5te'liIci~ de' prilililitiv,t!~.

'<I .rlBltlJ ralezdl

!'!'Illlll pie ~~lera~tinQ :svs.t~m s, fr()m whl,h m !np~e'l; fOml5.ilrl:;e. tnese metncu 5 ere eco 1(I(J~cal ln mst 11m,!, 5liit mte rnorlon comple~ p-rOCe:551il$ I'Ihl c h ~ene ...jt II~~' ~Fl eco!o~'r of CQ~ PQ!le~Is.t"'a t eo h itllt ~illl~etiy~ 'be Ml;'iffr BM I\e:g,ulatWn. 'l'!JMr~ tt1~ r.lass~caJ l.rMil ion is o::IE!peMi!!llit a-n tl'l~ ~~i~li!!iflC:~ [}f [arms Dr I!lature, the c{lmbir~atlJ'rial Irl:ldi~i{)n is
dep.en den 1 an proco!!'s'~e,s !lor ·~Ci'rmo!i.li~lltiil'n_ ShOei Yah's we~ k ed,1 bil s bot h leJ'lth!ntbes o.f clas~.ical

1.a:sl'Q,rm~s tie I'a! liI,atll!lrall~za! 1<1 '!:"o1g:icJ6" eQm!;)iI!!O!'~C)rl!~1 !iellle,nde d:@'u nes dIlD~lFmllilad](Ios PI'(IoC B50~. c:om:p,re]CI~ dffmlmilln~":ciQFI. L.<!I 'O't:lrcOi ,USMe;1 '(gli'! e~J'!!I!le <!i'if!~":'; t~nl.!'e-n.:;:i,,~. t~1Ine~i.!!~I~1"! ~Ilh!~~
d;~, fo!ll"l'I1Ij!j~ Orl;l~I'IIIIi:.I'M If Is i::o,nstrm:ch~n, m.iis '",Ital (I!~ fllirlmas !lor me-i;liQ de Iacteres mlilHpleli. A iP'!,SlIlf ,de q!Je FliOe:ds~e ILllllii~r.;l,\!,@ctQir',la linil!al de loJ cla51~o ·al 10, ciOfillllill'1<1!toFlO\ aletlii,aIIFlileont1e-liiay un ji)fOoQpe.si'l,lomtii;,l'imie:n:~:~ ,d1~11 c::ur~sJali'li$mo redLlc't~vCl hilda !JIIIIO!> m@tM,o's d!! d!l~en·(I miii:s Cloll11~I'e-jos y tip(li16gi·[;1l'5. Su (lbrOi llem~raIFlia".l:Ie m~c'f"";lo~. I~in~'!eo~ < de, la d!~i: adll (n!!, 1970, mlililifleid.:l LIn.!! Il'Itl!n,~1I 'rru:!itlr~clliilil COIl'l 108 Umitlls, de do's sup~s~eio:nI~s illlhel'lIliIt:e~ a ~a m,@derlllid,ad taFdi<l. L<l' in.!~tr<ld6[l de' 'fOil <!rrte e'l Q'!;Ig!ill<!' de I'a, mg.(ierlilidOidI 'it, OII,hl m,1li~, ~I j:ll:lrllSmCl d](lIb:~ Co..rlhl.ls:II!H r!llqlJlillfo!l 1l1iIt8'1II0QW la obI'S ternerane !:Ie e~t'e <!utll!r COmQ I!lml !"e-,,~,ci6,1'l contra I D!5 mO!~S1;ro~ '0 e' !OI 'rrQyi'tec~ u rll ,mod e'rin,!i. FllM 1'!!'liIte ml!!liItl!!, .sln i'!'II'iIIIH!I"go" '(01'1 liIit tri!l~'g!~~ClldCio ! 1!9iS limitie~ (je~ pl<!~'~ i!!Ie,1 HI~IQ y ge'!vt;!!!'!dm~~ '".!!Ft~~i<lF!'O- !'Il~"'~ptQ~ >tI(!!li!irfoll:iii:tI~ >ll~ ""I)~.abI:l18rio ·toj:l,oI6g;l(;o V tOWo'o~rMI(;o pIrO,pno... de' Ia! a:bora de Yolil iii! !ilro,dlil~a' O:;ill!lIII,a uUlliiz,aci6'1l1 de , fill ,los j)flO"IedQ,s t:oPQJoglc.'c.~ ~Cln les miSIiTIIli5 e,l:ImcrOll;. los, Q'!Je!'aSlllnl·e,h ciliradlElristicOI'5 d!~1 p'a~:o~je't:.!!into ern SOUtorm~ como en ~UI tormadlinl" I~st'!l I!!!: 1!l1'I~~,::l,I:I,i'i1ll !La 'I;!ralnl ruptera

em bod1im~l'Il C'f const ruction of IIlth oug h t!1e re cla,~s[c2l~ I,~ HiE!

or.gilflic terms ami D f ill liIiIorE '!IitaJ ~orm tlhrou gh rn uUipl'e facbars, isnot a lin~ar trajE!o[b:Jr~ r rom the ~~fnl:Jinat.o rliO! I, t.h,..~e has ~e£'na ent Irmn red ucti ~e Carle sta-

prog ressi~'e de"'~lapm

rusrn t(l'i'j<lrd more !;()l1lIple~ and t~pcIClQici3llIT1elhoo~, !Of des iqn at Ine pre:o'efll tijme, Hi:;. e",rly l'Ior~,Df
the mi d- to '~te Sellen tje-s,e~ hibl ts <Ill inl'",nsl!' ~rus" ~rgHOon ....Itl'l tne Ii !'Ill I til! 01 tW\l;l t;1.;IS5.1~.;I1 iI!>~!,Imj;ltlllll~

i~heFenllc la't~ Fl'!od~mI5m, Y\) ns rru SUa non w!tl'! 1M CloQm~ of rnooern tsrn, ev~'1 mere ~O, ()~ ('ol'wu$la n D~r~s ilIl, 1:l!l-!'i'I~ riel, t hilL his (!,lIIr,ly WoO r~ Oi' r~M es a FMct.iOfil to HIt) -e!.:l s~i'C!l1 ten!2:1'1l~ or tllQI'i rnodem .,m:hit~.clur~. Bul Y.o~ hi.I~ r~C(!'nth iI.i'i.l:~ed~d ttl ~:!o'" elll ~~ica I l~milS 0' !iWil'ul'lld pM n lIn,d Cllrt~$,ai'l ~ollJrilJl? tJ.~ d~ ...~I()pln,g iI ~(ilblJtary 01'l.opoIOo;liCl!Il root rorrns aM laMs-c,apei:l berm~_ Till!' major bre<!k inlhh"S 'i'ItIr~ h~s occurred h i~ use or !'Iexi bl~ an d topol og[t,DI.~,u,race-s" wilh In tM

~~IPe-~I'lc~,e'!> 'ne':(liblles tgpoI6glca:~.

entr~

tJOli'ologicil,1 p~ojects. Ine tluildint;l!; mE!m51!"/e~ I"~~E! n n land\sc~pe-li ~ cbara deridics illl 00 ttl. I hei r rorms

ilmpo:rta nte

Il'e-~file-!i d~ !.~cLible'~ti3J $e- vail!

d'~ l1IlultIIP~@5 rre{julsnto~
cidlg influ'enCla ,al
[ll~ ~~,'t.!l

Iii h~'rm alllzil C~'C'FIi'I 1<1~!C rm." CHQ'Fli" :lQ,FHle 1'0'5 c

giO'iile;r!Ujij!l,~!IlP~rtir ~e l.!i 1ri'1'luei'ld~ o indepem:lllmtes V, [PCl[tall1:(p, ImJ.e'!itlFoiIllii
IIInaS ~iOrJI"a5()l1e'!Jllaliilte$.
P~I~~(;~1iI

and theirfGrmaiia~, This is ~hE! impc r~.aonJt re'at[o nsh!1P het"'leef) rQrl'Tiij~i~~'tiOIl and ftmnal( ion, where ti1e' ["QQ. [lfoUles we-re ge!'ler<!lt~d Ol.!!~ o-f I:h~ !nlJ'<;>rac;tjr;>n~ i'fI'JI iJpio? i ndepi1'nd~ n~ re>qLlI rem~n t~ o
aM t~e;relore ma!1lfe5t tMlr wntOl.lr5 ,lfe jn ,!!II ~l'OeC>iIIls

t~ad:5, (Ie

.rl'lo!llil~r!l, Ilo,~ pr'O~~~to~

l'Io!1h!rail!~ en ~I ~~I'IIHdJ(l

!.1M u la tm~. C!f.!JiIn I~maJln ~r. In ml$ W3,( rlH~ proje,tt$

1'!F.lJ)o!l'l'Ir ~<! lu,a! $tFlQIO contO!!lr mm'~Hl~I~!>s.

die qUlel :li on uma !!ill perficte l1.e'~el1!l'I;Je.I1I!e..a~e r·o cOlntil1lu a, qllle IIIUrN;a r,epite un, m·I:$l1IlIo [ontOI'"I'UlI,. perlll' COI'ISEnlo!l IJn gro!ldio, d(! Ir~!D(!Uci6,1'I.

~! ~onll n LiGuS ~w r(lI~e I'Mi' "I:l'>'cf d LJpll~&1~5 a

I'FII~ait t"'~)'
rlltaln~

II h 0:11 ~rog

yeH

~I il0gme

or Fe'poHtlon

Jil1itur.ilIJ. v~~ I:hoerr limns Inl!it(' n~tu rali!llic

11,1 tlli:! ~~tl'lE!til

TillS do!?s Flott milit'i! trl@ proj!!.cts

r~MI ng~

ASlr, <llIIn{jlJ@ los. pror~c:'to~ IiIQ' 5'~I;m na'tura~il5. SIII'5· forlifla~, irnvltan <I .asjIT!JI,!I~r!o:!: ,(Ii;' mal'le'ra In!~h! ral d>e-!tdoe !.dl"! ~YI!'iito d~ \lls:to! e:!;t~tlt::o, Sin dUda, la '~iI!l",ddiald de dll:c 1'Ii3i5fOrrrn<liS palra panlC'IlF n.atllliralies g POlIr"" IIIIiI~t!!J~' 'OIS. ,grmas (!~ 1.01 i"l"h!I~<!!e:al 'tY\lO Y!'I IPa·pe-lllirII"f!,Oo~(llail
B Iia norll d'Q' s,!!r' !!!mpi.{!Iallla:~ IHlf '1(0·111.lEI grado d~ s~m~f,8'1iI28 QlJfl' !~If:allil:oi:i3JrrlJ,f;j eSiQ!5 p.ro'(E!octlJ5 Con las f(lfill!;is !:I,e 181lfI'atl;l1f8 IE!za planbe6 la,s pr~~liH3r~:'lIllhlrroCJall'litils s!)bn~ lall'@'llada.1II d~ dich!DS 'e-difijcia~ Cl;lfl ~!s;!.!e'lll!. P,tld~:mos to, mall' iCOrn 0 ~J!~,r;np:loOI!I polld'8'portli","00 id~ (),i:I!OIwa'r:m:~'b~ "

le~~I, TM .~tH~ity ror tMse pt'CioJetM W .:tPD~~r I'IBIIWf<l:1 or 10 mrmit iii!Lure FlO doulJt ~lo!I'(~d a' 'ITi!jor role In thE!~r u~~ by Yc h_'il'hE! deg reE!
Ie wh'ich Ihes~ ~~llj@d!S iJe(,1 me- likE! la mlSJC.'lped lorms I'!IC uld ra~soi!~he ealrl iE!r q uesUc n:s 01 'foh's a:5 to thE! b;uildi ng's rela ~iol'1os ip' to I.he g rmmd. h Ta toi!Jl!!~ the Odawara Spa rt's complex a 5 a n e~ample, It ;devoel op~ ~n I ntrlf;~te,,mod drifere'ntl~
~(j

'e!'5j1Jad!;l p'!;I~ltll~1P Inllvo Q"'11era LlIil<IS comiPlilicadl<l5 relacio:r!·e5 tallflt!O >tI~ pr'ollJ~am~ ~omo I:'I~ ~:;;:trllld;ur<l iC:Qn ~i "lln d·~ c:~~.Br UII'I:!I,1Ctrml~ ,dl~

I f~.la !j~nm~p

bo ttl prQ9farn <! ~(I ~;t.uctl.! re If) 'Drde,!' t9 gel!l~~iltl!' . OJ maf fo rm w hrc.h hilS 01re-Ia;t ion ~tJip to Q'j'le ~~rrQIJMIn ~ !l];olJl'!t<!in o!.!~ Ii!n Qs~O!r.e t h~'t I~ mQF~ {It i! M!1!cHorm tMan iI (l1~,retr otll~c1, 111 ttle O!law<!rOl S.j)Q~b CQn~p!~~, N'I~ Gill(!~~ T<;)'f~mR ~\lm~~,~.II!,!"I. N ur~G rv Sen ~.o~a1'l~ thll U Gh~n(l Co;mmIJl'1ort'll- {;efl!er, t 11111ood rornn of ~.he IlFoOj~( tiS (an M oJ; ha rillGI.er!1:B(! r thll

e,wbierta (lUIEI' i!H~r~'lacl'OIlila ·co.f1 ill ~ais,a~e eereillilO' de Ila,s montalnas, ·<!p~roe(le!'l(:hl' lfIIIa$ t(!m!;) >WIlli'" e.d~n$I601i1 (liel t'e·~r~Mqille !.In alJ~enrico Qbjet'o gil'riBnm~iado" lE:rnl1llloQliillelP!Jrtill'o r,ld!aiwar~" lin itl gimna:!itQ' Galax'll tie TO'r'alFn.a. e~ rOilI!!SttadOfi de Gris.tal, en, e! centriC ~ocial y d@ la in;I'alflic'I.8 de N'lIijlll y en ~I ,~en,tliCl s,l]ocl's,~d,~ Uchl.FlIG,. Iii ~orma g e !a C:JYI~!erta se' !l:O!,r'u:;tel'i':;~ l)'CIr Iii!fI~' Si!.Fl(JII!~ari!l!>!!idl I\lIO tlill,U
daramen,I@' dlf:E!r@fll:l.adia. II1:Ii1 ·tod'os @'soos pmy,@Gto~ @~ist~ Ul'lic' s; 'Y eli! ~<!J$ te!l;!licO!!!;

Gla'Ss StIU!OI'l,. t:hE' N .. ~JIJ (olffllll!n

it'!' Cente-r and

reo!i(l u e-stai

O! r,t!5, (; a rnblQl$ ,eon 1101 'e,C!l;tFlI;!!Ii1 ~ ia

as hi! illnQ i! ~h~holv rfiflerenl ialed globul at 5!i'liijiJi· arit~, In ~II of these projects th'l!re;:; a response te 'tho '~hl fts 11'1th e e<~.gl1iaomje$ and t.ecfllliqlJ!l£ O'r CQnstrue non lrem cne Qf OIss.t!nnlb"v-lin~prooud ion or ~ ~t~nd!lird 10 the assa Il'Ibly-li.ne prod ucti()i'1 01' Ili serie! of :Sin~ul.n units, rnese pHlJe~h ertlculate an aPJilroa~tI to ~tsl\d<llrdlz<lhon and ~p;et.iti[}n that ~'Omblnes al geni!rrr Sl/ s~e m or COFl·stru(;U.an lo!\Iil:h slig hl ~a,riatiQM 0 r ~~h me rnbe~. Th i~ attribute i~ remi'l'iisce-nl 01'hi~lorlc m~HH)Cls;;I.f crattsrnansmp l \IIhere every eli!men l c(lUJlci be IJenerll: Tn 5<Dme ~_
regarIil \OJ hili! given II d i~li n!l:t jd ~lIllt~ ill rlisl.all'm~. I'n ~omc oj' !he erelects,

esc

[n~~penSi'te trartsm illlS.nlP and

Inoigenou5 lechniquE':!> 'If!!' MFl'l'ed In fayor of lfIecl1~ntcDIrllbrlclIl!rl; iJel:hnil;lu as. tileUiuod~.o~ .Ml'I1Il:Io ('(Ir IIIwlJrlt C{]IlSti ruction i~ OFl,g i·

Im8't~rllll~s d·@'CiODS.tl'lI!cd6n, t1e lal prMm:cl6n. ~III ead!ena die Ul' iIii.!OUimlar a !~ j)ii~duCocI6nl&r1I eaeene de' ulla. Serle Cle unldllld:~s '~ing Ulo!ll'e's, C(m @S'll:I':;; ~[QlIedQ<$ $~ p,i ~lliIte.[!l 11111111 IIsta m:iariza e i6~ y una !"e·petl,r::i6i'1 (lue (:(lIl1!Iblrta un sl.st'Eimii! com;.trucUvG g'!!Hu~rleo' ~"'F1 III Int:raduc:clon deslltlle5 val'laclQ'liIes· en cadi! unrlidad. E~te atrit!litlo as Ulilla IremH'Iiscencia c1!!i' IICI! metDdo'5 afte~aflOii'~5 die tOlistfllCicilon, en, Dos qUi! ·c.adll @ilemelllto (;oii·iitl'l!(:t:i~·Ci pLll!dl! [lm!er 111:1 calp<tlCidalii ·tle responder ~ef'!~rilc<!m£!nti!' V•. 13111 ml5010 tlempo,. de 'OfreCl!'f StO~cJlj:lone5 1·l)c.al~s dhl!p@ndll!lIldllP de 1;00Qar a!SQ_ En algtJlTlos caliO'S ae hi.:o ~ ................. ",,-Ie~-n~t::,"e die ml!tmlos artll:MIrtiales. mYiy e(:i!ln,[imlus y use 1;.F1ica5 locales· ~afa f.i!llYorl!nr de~,plle~ Q~;ras :g·C:I'IDC.ii5 en'5amblaj~ de m.b m@cal1ll~o\ . a te.clllica d'e cr:mstrlllc::t:I'Dn CO'n, malla .e bam tui es IUJ!iI ctare ej 11 millo do '!IN0,.
. !'I

[rnlH!lyoorf'EIiIde· ·e~t~5 j)r·g.·",eetioos ihrace

I'll

iC die los e·l.en'll!rt·io!l. prftfabr~cadQ's.

e~",mpll'.

Most 01' 'thesl!> proj~;:ts stl!!3 lI~f!! boo

concrete. Threuqh bolh manual constructton and ind[ustrlal fabrlc;nlol!1l; lha emnonnic$ or 'N'll"'! is 0114ln r1l1f,eneo to as "c;:ustOIM 03!>semblrv-liFI;P fliduct!Qn" I~ exploiled. The sp~li;!l1 th~rnl! ~...Id!e-nl in ~II of Yolil's re;;ent: wO'rlt is tilE! en,clomre CI'r~ dlverH (Jro-up 01' IJ!rOilr<! rns u ndler ~ ~inQIl! reor,
Tn e convent

J1fIa~e~se or [bot h IPrefalJr[r,at·edl co mpoo1"Ie-!lt~ and silB-fa bITk~tl!d

. I'

·e Ilc@'ro ssteame tambil~n ,CIIel ill1!ltl(i 'i b 0:1 ilQrmi'9i!!'! in sif!/. ~Q,r ml!ldlo de 1.01 . '_I'i~'~rIlGcI611 mllmJIBl1~ la f .. bri(;O!.r;;I·g.1iI ·In.dudrll!ll ~iI n~1 @ii:lOIllOmlili de 1'0 que a men udo !:~ 113 dcmcmirrad'o 1j;I;I!Ii!'O'

"prodllCdollll!H)
P.I;II"

ljJ·baparte,

recientes

c:Mena 01m~dICl8" •. @'I tt)rma e:;p<!cial, '~ioClei'lte I!'n 'todss I"DISebras de '(oh, e$ el !H'I~,;!Jjjl!'d,@'uln ;;rupo div.ei'SoO Cio!!' j"Clgram[;ls pro

ba'o

Idfnllf~' elther <! m;aximum or span ror a moll1el~ht that ~l!IloC1 be tlsad lor the ent~rE!'Struc;:tul . RalMr ll!loafi :!llmllljlv the mil strltclure 10 an .dea'i module
Ithat wOllla
1)(.

br!

'0

l(lnQJI"IiI~roac: h to I his problem

iiil

ie,. Uri e·!ifQ(jueCClliIl.l'~lIIciol'lilll de este ol1lsi5itlrrr<!1 en ~efin If 'i,Ili1.!i .aIture .~.' rr,'_ Iu.z 9stru,ctura.1 media Q
. -blmal ~ue Iddermillar.ill la~. 1IlI6[i'ti CQ",
PI!'!r'Q

iI

, !!!pUl!!o~loditl~

rc

idell1lt kllll'l'. 'liD h r~

D!ffiled spede'iCI ihe

spaci dicit",
dE'vBloped

(1f 1.1

Nch Il roorarn imo surrllCu that ~olllid CQntJfl\uou sly

connect across II oI1"'e~ I"1lJ>lijl'lt~like a wet doth. The structu ral memcer$ .of ih is $!i'stelfll ~re 5im i.a r

~\!It not iCienW:at ThI~. ,matg,a", uses ooth a ge;no;!ric .I'n~ Jl'<IrlJ.cular ap proOicn :!II lIlu'ltal1lllo!Js 1'1'. hE!~ is T rerpelit:ion. liul with @'sen r~j!tf'''tlon o' a homog~no'U:s. surface t.ner! i5 III 5111ql'ltiiuctlJiltl00 or {m1e~n'~lalt len. n~ls rill unl p'It:~lV o~ mlncr
va rlattons ~lnqL!I.arilv dlJe~ not ~~d IJ,p [0 a wtrkh (onstanll';'

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J ~m 11Qtro:~

artl's,tas, tallilbiil~n,

the ()[]un.tr", n!!~r CooenhOlQ:tfl. .~l"~~~~""";~:f.!J s~~ nt tm,i!~e. I.hey I~rl' the wa 115 room S ill I plllil'lWd. t;l!'OrycO!I~tog,t:. [;I;lrt. ",';',if"l'J('_'r~ :,.1i.<' ch IId:re~, )' This was illil Lin iSCloI~t,~d'e.~peo~ellce: ~FIth~ N(J'o'ern~~r of ~he~li1l~ 'tE!a~,cOtMr aettsts ~ADtl~l, (QIi!~t:i!rlt ;IlOO C;;lrn£'il'le'~ rE'pe!IJl'llti! ~M same e~pel1l~n~~ in a house
near s ilkE!Jml'g. 1'!1e:;e ijr,Dup ads, I)e~ome a mafllJorti~tOl tl"n
0[1("

Co:l:ir'a cOI1i\!i\,l'uer~n en yiilOi t:i!lI~.atl!1!! ea'mrJo, f':IlWrnllliiln'IH'I. iDll'5lPue.stiel m;e<'l' 1JIIVioo @n'B,!>teil1lt'eWior, tI'lrllti3llilaS 'OIS ~~Jed)e;so'i 1(105te!l::hO$ die ~<l~'!lI~bItl! ~hm~s"
n pa Itt'i:~q~a r

'e;n la

polItt!,! r'~I. l,nll:l:liI!lo r05 Ihij:Co~ !

the

u nl",er5:;111rigillt to cn!>iI~iy,Eo ~i'irc~5io)", de 11 ~ (J't dll~tingu,isn b,E'lween lile ~ml! ert, TheV h~~~ gl~,;;e'a! th~ ~OLm;;e of uricoliflt~l'i"Ili'iilllM humalll i:rc<ltl~Ih'. repre,,;,;;:'nted by primitlhl~ cultUire&., pre.,~st(lrl~ ;;Irt er unj'l'er£.~1 C:;lI!lgr,aphv. line)' ;!Ir~ Ii mani~e~to 3!;J<lln5t

We stem

r<!tiO!'l.;!l1 cu ltu

reo The

ilOu.st' Is ~OogiH Mr

thepl<l,e

wh ere tlTI;e

life and a rtl sti~ ~rea

t i~mDtlme

~Q i! Otell1otlJate

H's 'liilll'Ull as an flili!erim:. lntreverted

ilPIll(;~, s!ml.ilrbQ

'P'lrnltl'!;'~ eave, 'l'lrIe arhstLc act.i~i ty 1:5tn ~ im Im~ts feU bV the IllIha!)ltij nts ~11th~ 'i'filiis 0 r til ~ ijl~cloooo ares, wllt~h are UI'I aware 'of th air I unctloa 'o-'J ~~ 1~lt inC) LM'
i n1i d(l to the QUlt'side. FOlllrt~en \leaFS ialter -In lQq:l:-; 'C1Jlmflili ~~Io(i'i~d Ili/ tM artISt Af>Q,er.!~HI), the architect J.-lorn'Uh:(ln ~arn~ !J~ 'N Ith 11 f)roj-ed foar a museum in s: IIIE!Dar'g (D,fn n'lllrk) Oil ~ nei.gtltJ.our IrlO sil,e W f.ln erlst iliiig mu:Seum, 5urpri~ In~ lV, th~ bulnd'lnc;l Ol"OlIQSiltf a 5ierie~ ~f bulb'~Mpe-d, IJMergcrOl.ln!:il 'lil)~ce~ whi~h emE!rgE at t hesu''f1il~e a~ sl!l~11hls ror the mterter space, g ;l;s Ull.orl ~xpllli n~,t he~aG:t tll~t the mu seum fs situ~lIedl In an ®Id I e<ltit gar,i:I(!1'I i!J'c him to prodluce a bui h:ling 'I'fh iell CI:lJloj;i! ntr~ te d 01'1 t<'> ~n~Id~:>,with .~ desire nor 110 I he ln~er~lE;rE!' with I:M ~n~ Iron me !'It A~OIrt from nli ~ iilil tia I UI~I~djon, .. -e~e'-.~e sense !Ilo!, that thE!re INa 5 mnre W trll'i. un:aergoound so,luli on ~h~1ll mlelel \I' i:ne d esi ~~ to res ne ,t t he ,em!'!renment, The 'em-ob 0 nal Intefi.~il'f I)res.~i'I~acl by' ttJe pf"imi~i ... ' ca'iE! e
~,P<l~. far r~rrlD<v~d I rOm rene !'Ia'liled
OOJ1lCl;!jl~1 Dill:>,

·~~to!l no eW,BlIIl'l,illl'xlP'eriemiOi ~Iu$io!ild,a, lTIQ;\!'i~mbl'l!' dl~11 mi~,mlt) ",l1!.o, ,e'n '~tro5 ,adj$t:;!~ (Appel. 'Coolllst:.mt y Comeille} ~epetJI~t:IiIII il'l"il!illfiili l~iI!:l:m~h~ll:c~a IJ nil! !;~5a '1;;1!!flt!l d!8' S,lillk~bQ~g. '!lI1li ESte::;, aeres, 'CClI'I'o'e,rt,1 dlos. '~1IlI IJ nOi ma n~I>e~t<!l[;i:~1'I I'll ~'l!!l\Io:r d!!iU e ,[j!!!I\!!,~l'm ul'llw"eil'5ialiii Iii!! e%pre~16n ~JI'8\a,dorili. InO! di~;til1i~!.!~!l e!1!Cl~e! 'v~~O!'l ~r ~e., 5 ~ !l'it:iJan. ·en ell m'I'\'Je!'! IC!'~ Ia (;~OIn~ ldiad IliIlJl mana, I1iC' ICo'lltamil'lc!cia, rerJI~~~l'It~'IlIl!I por lollS ~lIntlll!l',al~ ~'Flmlthr~~" ~I .. rt~ ~~h~~tJ(~ti!~o Q I.!!Iot:allgr,Eli!T1iiI1 or~eaIta!. $(lf!. I!IlTIlm~nlfll!!lti:l' en contrOl dl! 18 C LIIltulra raciol"l'a!hto! Q~d!i'U!nt:!!III.t.aeesa es 'ell !iII(JOlr !lICI:n,dI~ .se 'fl!s·iIOoilIOl'!lId a 'hi' cooadoll1 arH~tj~a. a'C~lI!hli!ll!ldiO' 'BIS{~U valor I;!e ~!llj)celo Illt~l'i9re niiltj\~rtl!t:hl, cerca!no ala ,ave-111m!! pr~!itllt'I'\I,;j, La Oie'W,tidadl litttf!:.tlcal n[l CiCl!l!5;l:ihii'l':e1n lOIS!hl)!~Uas ::i0 tes l1iabltante5 sebre I iii s l[)aJregoe'sde!1 uecinUl. t1Iuc ig noren 511!IYl!!c~60n jj e' f'E!:!~,do n ar' Illlh~rior ClQIl "'!!;t",ri~r. Cat.Q r(;i!l' <lnCIS, m€i!O '~a,~li!ie, 'li9>63" "IlPoren~iO! r:g!l); Cle-~ ~I'I .!!Iftl!!:lt:!l1 A~ger
·,J'O!"fi1I" ,al~qult(]d:o !l!1
elil 511kE'b'Orr~,

Ipeque'fig$ ,(Ie- los; .l!rtll:!it!l~.,

J'ilIm Ut;l)~!1 r'e-i3J!lizii!l ~n01fl!cto, pilra Un 1!!'I1.j,~eo 'e~

l!)u".am~lrca. 'ii!'n IJ n ~Qllar afl~!!:~~1 till! ~1I~>eoI!xll~hll1lt~. Sorproe" chmtIB'rnentle'. ,ell edifido Ilr~l)~l!1;~una serre de 'e-sJi!l<!(.i!)~:el'l tormil ,die IlUl!M C()i!g:m,dClS b!ljo tier~i QUe emerogiE!'!!I ~·obnl la sUjUeorficI E!' cI!JR'o'ertid():;, elli IUll'!'lblre'r!l~ d@1!I!:S'j)iiIIcT:~ Intli:I'U;lf,.

fQrmal

dE!iJjrll~ man I r~~t~d ,Ol m~r-e Intel'l~E! r,ejO!Uon:!;~ip bE!~\Ye£![llm'lvldllal ami ~'D~~, ""here light be~ O'.!DeSa protaqn ni~ I lind "orf11! $h,'~s IntQ the

bee ~f'OLi nl'l.

Thi~ makes ·the dug"out:
to nouse t'he' works

.,a...~ ti'l~ pC!rll!rt

orner

atsce in whl,;;h.

of Jlll'fn ~M

Col:! ra, bee ~1J5e "<I 'Ci!l~l!. in II:; I'i~ t u~a1 f,oml al'!ci "",Rhou! ~iQ h't <IIn~1 e~, un! Ile a q,uai;ll'"i;ln'(jlllcllr !lp.[lI::C, Drodluc~~ 01

members 'Of

I JoI

fJ,
I

mar!t:~Cllrnl)r,e-5sjol'lof
C~bra .... sthe e

Mlino cf,osM

m.:
(I

nerne whl~ll ilrc>u'lJh~ tog'l!thG'r

PUbll'Clition

~.,;.r[!l~

'o~ ertlsts

aroul'lCl,~

OJIt~

!;;!Hn~

n~me.

'bc;twO[!9nl94,E!lllnd ~9'57:, TM ~I!lm~ Co13fA en ioQmllti~lJllv ('!Jl1itll~n s ttl e ,"it.i~~1'o'1l E're t Il~ rna,in m~'fI'Iber~ ·1j1'l:it~ group il~@d and wo[jr~ed: Copenho3Jgen, lams~eis aM AfII'Igter,d~m_ BUlt11 a iso design al:e~ !Ill!
U~'~dlll5; it:~ !lVIiil ho]. ThE! cobra, a sacred ve~damnad ~ filmal, re p[e'sents e'!ler'l'thi n9 \OJhic:1l i!l I ef! [}L1~~ iOe the' dan~:~tou s an tI IiIrfly s ~rpE!jj~' w~l!t'h thE! m[]o¥erT]li!f1I~

e!>labllsll'ed

n.{] nll'is~I'Id'. at the' sarns time, Irnl:r~!J~s. the he rizon tal dirnen siDn of slidillllJ (]~er the earth, li!/efin.d the sa me' pr imiti w~sm run nin g through the work IH A~~er .Jorn as In ~he mmh-~ a nd 'o\J['IUngs Gif U tzon, He Ih,imseoif E!~!JI.ainl; that the ins,piraHorn kJr the the ratu>n~ ca'l'l!s to I.he .,.,.~t Oil Peki ng,. wh er~ hlll[1dred:S or fig ures of Buldlilh.a a nil! oth~r rep,resentat iQI!Is,arE' rarvsd Ia<V[}u~of the' museum

came lilll part fmm his ""~.it !:o

lal eemo e)[~lic,a I,;I~ZiO'fl, el 'M~lh,o d,e 5;ilh.!al~~J!!' un htlll!i;!O:!le ja:rt!iil! Em <lilltllog1I1ll I.e IIe-v',j! ~I puanil!!!'<!Ilr LlIiI ecllli[,lclo I:IllU~, COOIiI IIIII{~~IIJ nitad d'!;! IiIO irUerfoe.rir en el EllliVOr,[lo, ~!I;" een eentrar,;I' en SU i!l!teriOr; Sin ~m'l:l<8:rQo, all m!lr.ge'l'I dol! ~~t.a r@~h~xl,iSl'I il'1ldal, intllJllll"llo!l 'lUI! '10';11 iIiIe~:i'll'O qllJJ~le ~QIn.!;IIl.!~lf:~ "I;IIlS,~r!JiriQ !;;J~c t:ierral ne es ~61co ,POIr' ~~~P~~o!lIr'~I ~iI'I~or\!'W,!",iji Il!Itl;!n~ld"g ~mo~Ii;)I:!"~ g~@ o~rr~~e iBil £lspac:.io -dlElla calol'ema prlmitiv<II, lejo15, de cOnC~pdCin;e:li,f,tlr:ma!I~e-s lrll c,I(ll'ItlllzlIdl<'lS, m~'nl~~~st:a. !1:'i<!l r'Olm!!ntJe' LIM ~eol!l!l:1 01'11 h irl't~:n!l1l m l!iil'ilt~ ~l1di1,liClly:Oy leSpaci(),. en I!~ que I!~1101': c'!l'fil'I'iielFt<e erl IlrO'tliil~e' gOI'1lI!;t.:!l1y 118 I'ormi!i ~a~81 11un !WgllLllllilio pl!lIl.(J'" l,~ ~I"ut<! ~~'~l,I"adlal $er;~, por t<!!lil:te, eij 'e-l>pacill ~d,6I1eco para, <!!De~a.r liliS ebras ,i:I~ Jom "'. dI~ otro~ srtlstas mDl!ml:i:ros d€! Cob:r,~'.Vii ,(jill!! "Ii,,!fiiaeue\li~ en SIUI ~Or!Fi'!alM'I:IJ,al y SJi'11~ifi~U los f,e-CtQ~ lP!r~dlyte, 111cOlllharlu qlJl@ el esp1lcio clllildlr:3Fi!iJUlla~ una malrrc.i3d1allrnrllm~i6rn

ii1e ceru<!mle>f1It(l," Cobra <I~rupiilb-a

il'1lt'O tn e mck,

111 aruc Ie' hl'~

una serle de <lJUsta 5 (lil1i terne i3 UllIiII ,pillblica.d6n 1il(J1In,i'iiilim.a, ellltr,e lo:~ aiilfiS; 1948 'ii' l'g'S]_ EI lnlDoimllJ !!!Ie CoBr.A r,e
,[I

frQrT1 19($.~. "i='Fa~ll)rrm~, (!n g Pi<lte"n.!~: T~e id aa ~ 01' oil Dan['~ih ArC;A Ite{;:t&, h,~ eotll U~!asm fju' tihe dhQQ\1oery af l:h~ M a'ra n Il'fr~ mrQ~ I e~

f1i!'A to il"eflled QlIl th 8 ffi [lllliPulal:lml of tnc ~<lrti'1J ~11I~ ·tll1~ co 1"I~ITIJG rlon Qr f}latfo':rms wh~~h 11lI;:[);rponratf!e~Pi3r~em;es or[(!~ te rn , ~re h.!e~;!'y re - JaPd nese ~r'1Id lnese- all'l-d ch al~ !I'ICl1I.mrnoseues. frQ I1il ~h'l~ !'!l~m~1!I1 Q n" h I~ work eou ICI be i n~er·PJ!!!te-r.ifrom the poll'll O'r ~ Ie-w ,o;! lh it ar~h .. lr: "tU~lJil!~w!'1 11;h MQI!'I~connrl!,tI9Q b,\,

conUitl!i1! -en ~olimBi d@·itl!li!iJllrI.fl tas cludad1lil!s d'Piil(!ettfiib~~ .. b'a FI 'I vij",i<'lf! ~I)$ j;lrh1!dji)~I~!i mlie'mbm~ dl91 ~rlllpoc CQP9nhagu:&. 8'f'U'S91~5 "I Am5telndl<lm- Pero <II mliSmO t;iemitll) !)!e~lig!ll~ la !pelli(Jro&BI y ~i3J9rada, serplent-e ~l:Ie se lIH;o!l,
eome ~liin'Mlo d~11mrllii,1lml~,n,fo" p,n,illl'lal

a '1[1 \,IIe:z.Ua eebra repre!;E'i'I.'t!!1 ~QtiiQ i~ ~l!!Ie(j!I!J~~o!!i!'u~r~ ~~ 1011 norma e<5taJbl ~cid·a '1(, a~ m~5lIlTl,OI tieITill'lo"
sagllf<ldic

y ma'idito

sunaee, ano!l '~n(ile~~M .. ,;i~ ~h(.' aW'! I~~!: ten te 'r,~cl~'~'It! e saua~!2i1~!()1'1or the DI[lee IJC~I'I~!l1Iod'ifl~il, m tJ.~ ~o-rk at tile sa f1I1e' LIrIl~ 'Nf!f rind t!lie ~,,~ resslen of Lhi~ idll-a u.y e:om!ll~mi!ntal'"v
o?arrh's

rnooell!!I1ol;ltl'!e

m~~1 r~~t~ nons, Qn 'tile- a f1i2 hanG, tile dUDJI~atlo!'l m 'th~ ,~~rrth"~ ~LirM..:~ aM t;n~ !jefl nill-ol'l ~f iI !'lie"" pi ana clo.s'ii! to thil ol:loud:s, 01'1t lleo e me,1:, e~l::iliI!'·mLion, t hi!!' ,[onS.t ruction !:If In ~ C.!l~ ~ Il(I lile lWIo..:l!:!Ui ·alr th e ~~ i~Ullgi no;!

sllrl~f~,
H!i!' a rc,h!~!!'~hl rEO Gf 'tile Qr'ig1ifl~ ·of mode rnit'!' hao

er~i!Irl ~ loi!'Hibe-llll'Id ME! slIJbot-erral1E!!ilnsiP~ce, m(]lIl!'d by .:i!lJ i:n te-~~H iii! .:iC11i~~iug OJ)1 Imu rm !:ransparencv. iiilil Litll;l II~ d vil!'!iI~ II.tJti!:lI1..Iila,bioll}<llity and a lalith ~n llIew I~ch nOIO~i(iS i:On",{,Nj~d in ~ d~rinitj[Jll 01 inlrln:siti3lly
tDmp r-eMn~ irDle otl-j~,tr s, dep{]~it~d uncontaminabE'dterrailil, TI1ii! MiJillt ~b(ii!Jt: this Messci~nk, on all ab~tr;lcl,

~ntrodu'Cl! I~ d!ffill!l:!~~C!l'! ilorli'!@l1t<'!l111 d!l;!l ,!;!e:;;ll:i:.Ullleln,1:ClI DI'e ~alttT,f,;:H<I. W l!:iI !pl'l,mfttlvls.mo g!Ut! impr'e'llJnli I~I obl!"~1de Asger ,.iJorlfll 10 emolltrililfl05 tamfJien e,nl I~!ii ODI"IIISV @s..:::rlhls de UtZQln" ~n mlsmCl eX,pl'lea ,!I!J~ Iia insp'ir,a,ci6n para la dii!Sposkiolli d'ell mllseo prn.cl!d'e. en pllrt~, de t~ '<!Ir::lt~ .:3 ~:!I,~ Cue\!',al$ (I~ TaUIfIQ.~F1 el O~.5te de Pekiin, d'onde ,t:;~l!Itl~rlOIr.~S d'!1 'fl,g,L1,a!; de! l'!utfal y otras reopfE~e-l1tadol'!e!> e:s,tan tatl~al"'a~ ell ~a rOCaJ. Eitl SI.:I articlU I'~ d'fl']962, ~filatfofm!'l al'la:! flUatffi'!!lJls: Tflll" ~d'Qa~ '~I Dlllnhl!l (If Ar-ch It:~c1'''. ,en ~iltliS 101'51110,POi" el d:e-s~iYlgrtmi!l'ntQ'c!~ ~O!~ pir;imide~ ma''fa:s repore:s·enta .e·1 iniei(! d'@., tlllI,a f@flllxl~"n S.(l~m!lie mallillulael6n
llI,e,1:!iu:e-!CI lj' I~I rnifls:t:I"lJ~d6n (Ie iP'I~ila!f~flm~~, ill'~Qfl'l~r"li!g 0< e~;j;l...ri~ncia5 die Ilaa'rlllu1ti~dlilra ,t:llIllentiill -j<lPOIl!!l'~,a 'I( chillla"I '~m11l1l1'~ d~ ~I}S mE!211UUas, Ind las, f'I /!," a;J<lrtil I!:I~ "':lite mtHTlent·,o. 51.1oh1r-a POdWd ~.er 1'nt;erp~ll't<ldll r d:esde IIs,t:1lIIIIditul1 ,I!I rCl!llc!I; qllJl~ jn Iell! ~I! t::(lIMtrucc~d6,1'I ~n ,~,iIlluldeii.:!Id,[) (Ie !al :!JilJ1j[lerl'i'eie terrest"re, y q.!J1!leilitiende

sel'f-5untcient

ilU it,..,d~,arls irlg ~~ r lieul ar It ,!liter 'o\IOrld W;!Ir n, protaq (lfli2'E!ai rle5ea rc:h ~l'It(] n!!'o\I" mean i;ngl~ wh i~n 1'E~l!Id
to S~! ib sights Olil t'h'E' g roun d, a nd ~he earl:1iI as; Ih~ :stilrtin g mate rial of t'he pr.aje.rt_ ThoP.em (],tqonill! l,Iilll~E' Clssig nl!'d to p-rilllll'thl~ ~n;hite.t;:t !,Ire l'll1:;h,l~~.5lfi1e~f!on~r wor Jd,of fhe ca\l"1!'a's :3 rE;pre!>ent .. ti,gl'l !;If thE! Qrig!na! l1ic-u'5e, erl!'[t,~d
I nlTia,bitl~d

a~a

symoo[

of prc:te;;t Ian and

at the· sa me tim e. It,e' c:aVE! i1S a j!)ar'aol!lj~m !hoe fmm

mis t~ rv O'f 1:1:Ie f!!'!ii

!!l

c:orrl'lOos!lI:::II.!Ul:O!JicUin d,e'III!!u~.alr ([,~e- fiIll)difica. [Ii! .$iJ! (li;;Ira e'nCQ!1.U~r-emOl:ii :;;imlu'I'toil'le-am~lIIte ~iillex~re~I&1iI dll' eo~ta ["ita! iI tril",,6~ dJJ' manl~l!s:l.3Jcl'(lne~,Cii)mp,l,l!me<ntllfl:~!:.IP~1!' w'Ilado. ~adiUipih:OId6f! Itle ! a S!l,)~er!'! c;ile,(Ie! $ile~O' y la (lIe-!lnfC I'QI!I (I~ !ill! r1!Je'f.o pli:ll'l Cere~1lO il las nlll:!.flfi; po~ atM., ~ilIll!:!:c!I'oI'l!I,d6rlo, COli'Istr.l.£c!l:16n I'! C!,e- la c,av!!'ff\'l~
La alFl;jtilltedl.lra de lao Slu~~nr:e~re e':;;~:s,ti;!'IiI~E'. dl~ IQ£, origl!'m!:!l, d@ n~1mM@o~ln'I.I1!ld 8ie' Iulbl.!il ,!h~lado,

,elllied.o, ,8Irqllit.~d"'nic~

"if ~I mfi!~eUaltio

spat-e m,a~ :;url!'i I'ed ~h'E'rati:g n.;llli~l· Ilerlod of ~he .:haracl.eristic a r( hil',e~tu re~ of

1;!il:llre:>sJConi~Jn,liyt [

it 1"<1:0 nr,rt Yl'ltll :;orne ye<lr~ had ~SiSOO 'that misl:r!l!~t or t.h~ rat! o:na.IUy ~I thi'i i:afte.s ia nfc rm ca me up ..... ilh a gooll w()rkln~ t01l., ~I"I

'~el e'$!!)<ldl;l!~'l!!bterr,~!'I~@,!iTlo'vi~<I !'lor !lin elillo'ailllc' ,6pt~mos f!!sultadol!i ~11I'::liIei!l~l(me!: (lOme ' t,riln~p!lrnnCila, IllIimln.aoCi6:n1V 'IJI~jiJtllaci6J!I. La rall:::l(J!iilOl!lhlaCi! 1:aJ te' ''I
claralflteiflle'
~Iltellils l!i!iI'lalc.am:.ar

t h~ mod Ifi [arion elf tile ,groul'!C!, wn !el'! 09VQid~d 5 it~iIIH,n~(h'e ~r, hi~e(:to nl~ i [1tcil""'~flll-on In an Q.I(Jll'ldJl state. ihi~I 001'0, b,,~!I; ,~t, ;;1'I.i<1~lt'!!, w!t~ riO lime a~ps.(i, ~~;l~e d .::(!o~le!!lPorary ~oI)J1~t pwctlOn -dfrf'ct! \I ~n ime wjl:h
.~ DIli:iu_j!i-p.lllZitH'~. EI':tItF@lT1Col1t y ."Ii;l1Hl (r9<lgl ~~Qr~-<1r.aI"i~~ OQ~f\l"~'"~~~ ~rn (19119) C;!!ij!.!!I!·lj!fiI!;;!f.,ijf!-t't~Ii;"tl;~.;;I!!! eD'FHil"lltiiil;Ui!". 'i:lNiif~ coo!.ll'!l-r.rill'l

~n ~<I:;; FiIi.l1l')j\<I5 tL'C ll!ologir.iilS ~~!Il\!,B1tJ<l1!I I <II defill!li:lon de IltlJ'~t\l)& ,il Int rfln!!!ec,olirnentJe- ~ornprr~!'I:!!I!b~es,depQsitad c;.~ soll!',e !JfI~e-rr,eI'l!D alJ~tractQ Ii! iill,e(lI'I,td!mgl1,ail:lo.

Lilli dudli!ll:s.otiore est;! ,~c:tirud me'$lialni(t~V OIutil)$l!fkiellte,

~ ql'[! o!!~ ~"'"
':m~b-org,

Il~O!ntle,ad'a

~r~o!rn. ~~~~ Q1Eln rrD~rtomb:r[j d!:l ·1.94~ ...

,~p,,~I, '~~r..!I.nt i C~'i\.·III.· i",t.".n 1 p

fh~
i,l).u~ [:iii

Erik I"trll~lml ncar

'f~r;::II!J i;ii!ltriill .liB:

HD.'LIi'1iil III

*-

I!i~

~9.4':i'Li~ arjjllilo al!: l.f~i5,1:.i1i !IIlt.o. Q1:• .a.i;i~, .il.ig~r J~-J'I~

ll4iiiiU

•• ",!;oiio' 10<!? .... ilfl. P Cro51~irll, I]I'D Corl1[1l11~pmn1j;i!j

~m"!!Q'll,

'II) ~

rlir; I"'ill'r!o!
~ GI".llin IBall.l.l p('i[]'alinclf!l {I.. d!t

BI"fII'i!f1.IIroo,

Villi.

L"~iiI~ ·rcf'.ilnJ~.""

e-[]IJ~.,h"f.!r.f1_h"m~ 10 i:I.1!roojJ

SiI~h!Jf!ln

r",,. 1h. "."'..,.,

1;11 ,y!'I~~,

~1:11Ii:Eng

~1i9tl!r

·Jom,

oi 19.~.9_

~re.ol EiIIdQha fYI'1L1l (~ijl:ur~l, L<'Sholl, pro.h>:o <lr 51,h'_' C[ hln,o)

{III tH 8 pri mi t i\li! rGliIln>!lin!Q a,cti~:ms 'rohieh ""'It (oolll'il call thE! orfQ i~~ Q~' archi,t~~I,uro, p~ imitfvksm i'i'11rI~ r~j~[t,iOFI 'o'f ~a tionill ,wm,~[)1 01 ;] Jmm t~ransUate's ~s, ,~ re inrorcE!m~nl: of !:t,e Imr'i,zonhi pJane, Fe ghteri n~ acts O'~ tra n~rorm iJtiCi'Jl aniil $i!tt iog it$£!J! up agali nsl, tM lieft ilta li~y M th~ Id ~a'II~M rep~~$en~;ati O~liL Th~ rd r.;iWing~ aM ~uiljec~il/e wtltfin.::i~ I)f ~:he Cabor..,g roup m~y b~ in~erpreled ,as; the imj;l,rill~s, of StPOflt<l[1!!OUS (;re~til) ns on tine' ho~iZ:DlnI'~~ lP'al'!e. Ut;;:C;iI'1i'~, dr,!'«ilii\il~Qr the mu:seuin in Silk,'I!'ool'1l!, ila ~'h,~ IQrm ,l;I'f a r,el!!1'f 11'1~;lU I;I:n .. j;lla ne, O:;:al! ba s~lu<l~d in liotis ci;l'nte'~t. In UllhS, environment, the

stsrt

Qr censtruetlen

,r-es,~rn bl'e~ tth

e pr!)<li1L1c1lon. m

f'elle~~ ".,orked ~V \Ye~r a nod I:he pas!>ing of lime_ (rQ~ !!llfil' ;;lflld' t:he"lrtoi;!'F~t[[)n oft'J;le ,ea r~h's slllrf,a,(:~ become lrrsrruments (!II C:f~tlcn. !rrul1i;lr!;eci in a f,o<fmre~~ !NOrid, the- ~feQtlon Qf ~,pa ~ bveJ';"~,;It ion 15 q'!!l~te apprQ[priate'_ U n.menJIrou nd, ~tr.e Lariesi.;l1ii f(lrFl'll io,s!lS it S' me.imlr10 aM tITle' ~r:weflllQII ~f the OIWeIOJllll:O;!JnnQc~s~arv. F"Ofl'!1l ls as:siml!iiitiid writ!'! lM $~C0 IPrMuCCla !!Iv h,o !.(>W!~~ 'O\!!t I h,~ e<lrth ~nc:l ~Llr"'l!i!I fc rrns W~ 11!1 lo, !be tl1e most lIppm,pliaJte, even INm ll"p ~Oirtl 0,1' YI~\Ii 01' '(TIm,! ruction. lfIowe~E! r. In ~ tl~~~ ruenon of I.h~ orrhQQ(ln.a1 and il!~ primmive a'Uitlli~ 01 t~l~ mCOm~nt ~fII1ItlraCiEi a~"'lstie ~i;'!ifi'MI0r::!i'~S. wn it II, In rhl~ HlHm o-f ~po:nt~IlCOUS, "":rltin~, ar~ pf1lo:1li!<i'itM~s POS!;hb11:! tormal rOlilnd~lblol'l5ftlr I ill~ng" ~""liIqi f1~ ~~pr~!l~ ntat~ol'!~, The E!lfItllu:sill!lrfl rer lhl! !;!ij~~1 i~ Ollie suen ,cxamplt'. I t IF€fl're~ri~ s ~1iE! pr!", tillis oj oCi)"f'lIII'J1IIs.11Il in art" II~ liS ~ nen-finite, con~~lalil~,I'f cA<angiFig 'form which w~,ri'nd r,epea~edIy in ~:h vari'DUS r~proourtion S 01' the e s,E!r!JE!iI\~ in Ccl)r.a"! l~aflif~!>I.atHli1~, wrh~ rlllnctionali 51 rationai'i!!;ls, I n ~e8p'i nq wlih th~ if ideilbgy {l'f stan da rdis.ali Oil. Irel iev,~dl '1:11;] t it W~,S Po~~~le t{l ",~h i~v~ th ~ !1I~fi iti'l'~, iidleaI f'Drimls [}r n the rtariD<Us ~~Je~!~ n!la!~d wit.h man" Pre!>ent'·d,ay i;''I,[],lui iCD} S.hOW5 us that ~hi'5 :stati c iWn~eJ)'~!!)1I'I 5 fa!5~, WA<l~we' l1~i'I,e ~o. then, i~ t:o h II) cr;; Prle Up wU h ~, d'IT!<lI'Jil~~ ~O'n~~j;ltiQ ~ olforliTls_ {;O'me f<l,e-tQ,'f,.!(;e with th'~ e'!.1 Ide".ce th at a I~ human lorms
are
~Ifl ,a

de~li!!.!!e,s d'e- ,'" S~i.I!l!II'lCl~ Qillen.!! MUI'ld'I~II! prn'l:agon'lz!lIIInB bUS1(jueda d~ rilUIlVOS ~igll'lnfl:~iiidQ~ !:I,Llle tClilrililiie iil !ilidQlir nOl' mir!i!,d,"l< !i!",(;I~ ei :!!;i!l~lo (ig,mo iiTi<itefiOiI ~if'lI:cl~:I,t:lE!1 p,r!liY:~~'~fl"IEI v.:lI'16rr;!'moc'lonal {!Iue ~B !lsll'~rila iii I i3i arq uitec:tu ra p rlmit nva IflC:Q rpQ~a, "", !!lilYIUiO uu~ril)r ~,;! 101Cavema t::o,mo lreproe,Sle!'lt.acI6n de IIIlI v~vlil'nllIa j:lr~mlg:erill<l, I.lrlglfdo eo Sll1I1Ill:lolo d iii p:rOiteec~OFl 11 imi5tle ri@ ~,I mij'si'!'lO tieifii!i'On.Oi cij~\i3r !);Q;IinQ lP!!Jr'"d~g mOl d:e,1Iprimer eSpa e10 hllb~t:~do h ~'l:!r:3 :SO:D~9Vii~ldlo iI la frpm:a ra!Clolloiillf,sta :a tf,iiI".e~ de' 1!iil!5~ rl;lll!itrerr;tJYlrO!!~ d1ibYU<ld;[!:!> 1+i!'iO,p~a$ d~1 eCl!!)!'Ie.!>lell'!.i$H'lQ. !~.eI"O no @s has;t:ar UI'I!J!5 ai'i,c'5 11rl'ili~ tarde ClJliIlllIdo, nSI de~co nr~i·anza en ~a rat;;iOflali~ac Cle la, 'rlOrma Ci!rr~res'loan'~, ,eii'!tyelQt:~<iI en !<l ~ltre,r<l~16n (I.£!,~ ~m!~o 'IHI[l1 bumnla hI!lHam~e,ntal d!f tralb<.aj I} que e'r,!'~ta situar la, in'oI',enclTi61'1 a!'l(llyUett6!'l~C:4lI ,!!.", UI'H!!'st!!ld 10' ,olrll,gll'l!lt La 1l"I11lfsfla hsda IlilI Arrwt'ig'iJ:8<dad. sin di'fital1icia t'empora'i. ~itr!.li~ la nl1fitnlc~i61il !;i!l!!iibeiilil~!iJr6nlO'ili <!II t:QflitilillU:l3c,iol'll!!ile toillas ~:qJueU!ls!I~It:liIln~s fLilidadoni3II!L}:5. prIR1l~ti .. as !:jute plOdriO!!mQ~ dle-ni!!mrr"!~r e! (llrigoE!tl !!!Ie I,~, "ttl Ylit!l'(;tulr,l!r, 1:1p~~'mlthl'lsmo 'ELs;o!CIado ,al~reeneze dl~1eentrol reelena! i;le 1:~'f'I;lrmiil ~' llr·a (I'-!oe I:Iii Y!I j1Q'rt,",'!~{)~llfiri e'lilt© dll!!'i Illail'l.o he rl2'c,ntal 111111(! i'~i;JI!!l,t:ra ,II!~accl6111fS se t:ralllsf<tHma,cllon y se cont:faPtlnE' a' II", v.e;ftiCa~ie,~·(!I doe I~ fie p~se:nlt.u:~D!II ioCl ~<I,lllz1lCl1!., lLos i:liCUjOiS "{ E!:!;critJ1J!r,gs, !;uI:IJ~tl'!.!'os dill glr~po Co!t!r<l se pue.g;elil ijj;it/e;rplfet5!,f ,~g'Ffi(:i hU:lillla5 deo crEiO!ci6n e~lPl)iit,€iFI~"~ '~fi ~I 1il'~;!!Ji'lO i'tol't:!ortt :!I,ll" Ell rdlbulo d:fl' Ubon para cl mm,'~'D d!!3' S,liIkeb'iJfl:J, hecho !I1I!e!;J'i:arrte-un re~ieVie' ge' ~OI! :';g!);re- !!.i ri J)~"lnCl. pl!led~ satl;l!lrs~ en es;h! lmaroo. A!if, Il:I ~Ill'!;io d~, la COl'liStfUC<t:iO:n se arS~mlilla' iii ,Ia ~rOd liI .. d6n di: rei i:e'i~$ 'fr1.!,'te. liIeiltiesgH'lI!i:h!' V dell P!IISCI 1iI~1 'U(!mr~o, La {!1rosil,orl y IB <IIiteraciol1i ,de' la super~il:ie terrestre P<l~~!i1 <! $e.- ili1l$,tr'1L,i1r:nentos c;e' ~f!l!CIIC 1,;:j'IiI. !Ql'i'!'irer.~~$ ~i'II liill ulilh'£!'r!lo unl'lorllmtl, 1111 ,oi:lh~nei6n d~ '~s~ilcfOl pQif me<diio de Iii e'~cavac:!iDfl e~tQl!~!liPeflt!e <!pr\i;l!llial;ia" i:I.aj'o, trierr.1, 101'rorlin'~1 ~'alrt.esiflrila In,s, pelf'dI~do '0~ 8~mtldo y la IInr-,,.encion de- Ii.! envol'll'eIllM' 'es illl'll'leCeSar~ar" L.af,o-rma, ,se' ,Ol,sim IlaOlrl il!SIP!I!'Cio Ipy.rqrIJ,8' Se 1!Ii!!! ".o!!d~dode t!~l'ir,!I'"Ila~ fOlrmasIl:IJP ..as pi3irecen las mas apr'opiaiilas, i!lclu~'o destle el p~ntro de "'I.~taC()f!~WJctlv(),. La r:I(!!bUlr:cl6n i!dl! IlBr ol"tm,l'r:lnalidalil "I 161,a~t ilm:! paiimiUrla prQ,pi~ dellmomento a,brazan. sin em!i!!O!I'I,l.Q, :5i~i!)Q~tll!Ji.!s !'IIM'iJli;ei!iiS.qll~. ii!!l fOn'l'Hll de ,~s;critm!l ,~pontan@a. 8~ pNilsellltiHI 1;11)l1li0 ~o5gb~le'~

sta~e o'f !!:onstalllii

~~Oll Ihl~

O'r

,n OInqe,

ot:,ha,nge_ We should

ne~er

~5,

t.he ratlon:;!1 i'!O~sdo, TI'!,,,, fai lurE!

tl'!lil '-ift !o!'t'<!II:j;b I~ ~!J!;~ ni!~!l!lt of !1QI h~v[ng IJf'lfi1entollfi "hat: the (lnlll wa", I'll 03;voIJidtl1l~ aflan:hy

b"~!1;!$ forrma~e::;, ~e r~I)!f1~$entO!cllo.!l~~ ~I"" .. s " ,!)n, tr~I'I'!ift)flmarch(j'I!I. E I,@ntmlllslmo, por la 'Q'spiNil~ [Hi ILlIIiI ejelln,pio" liell reSent;a, ~I ~ rin~rpi~ de ,dil'n<lmiSmO' '~n rei <!r~:~, !',al'~o~'mrOl nQ t~lIIito! 'if e!n con!l;t!ll'lte '~$
mos, ~eiterf,~,diillme!1!t'~ !:!11 I!~!> Ii;N"'~i'~<!'~ Colll'ri3'" "los f<lci'CiOrilali8tiu rl.ln&iol1la!li~t<!lii. d!e i;!C~U~J(!Q OOIfl ~,y ~~eal'iQ 'i;le e::;,l"llrd",!li;;!;OlI~r~lfI, creyervn q'uie Se' pod fa IlnegJ!lr <I las forll'filc,:;; rd",filiitlivIIS., nde<llll~. de 10;5, di",er:oos cbjelto~ r~l\aidg nJ<!rd!l!!S (:(\I:n e! h,OJll!b re.,. 'trill n,sfOfrnaciol1l,
',!!lIf !iine.mti'a ~~ptl)!!:II,j,e:d(jojjoe$ oiiIE!' nar ~E'r.piEi'iIt£!' ~nr !!'II!llm!rllllf(!~~l!dol'i·(!!I

~j.J1II"n

Uh!Jt1. 6;tb!JJo h~!:iiOO'

1i1~l'!t~ ~iI~ ~~i;t

;n;!.1!

'Wil

~!l!'

I!!!

,d~ 511~.;i~tir·~

Dn~.win~ .sail r[]~ the 1111 Ol'a~"~ pia" (oj :;;i!heoor~.,,OJ'ell'''

_J~II l:I11Dn.

Ji!lHi

~~Zi:lil., MiJ~i:i de- 51Ikf:oorg.,. tPl-all'l2i b..Iay ~~o:kmt"~ ,.If<1"n IJI;:(U). ~JJ~~~ f1W~111L {;r€iLmd iloor ilim:i,Ji!<1~n~

'I' .I~rn.1JI,.,n,
~tr.[il1l'i~ irj

II. Uf,(ltl6o!l CI~IIW~Ylo

iiliI1d P-JiJhNlu~_. h:l~, []~

D.a:.nl~ilMdllh~,,-I:'i' 1!lu~tf.[itli;l~ Oil ~1!'lFi ~II;:~ "~tlbrmSi .Dndl F1;,oc-..au~ li:lJ.NIs. []t ~ IJ,i!III~tJ AI1tnit"~L~

·-.·"'....,h

.-.
/""'
otl c'h~lng,;i is tD b~ a\!\1<11"e of t.ne laws
trallsrOrmatio:n., and use tilem.~'

La ,e1o'o}!Jci6iF! O!~h!al ~1J,e~~til!~on~@pd6n _~t.~tlc!l es e rronee, A:;.r IU.I,eS, se ll!.1!l.9 ria Q U'~ al!;,a m:alF 'U n OJ, ~~f1~<e~'I;:U;!!1 ,i;lhil~m I~~ rl~·i~~, "'~Q~1fn~'$" T~.rufrii~,rnQs.q'!l(! ~nfrl~lIIt:a.moiS a 1<1 ,evld·El·lura,de Que '~(!dal'Ofma Ilumana:!le efl~l.IIe~Uir.a, en e's'toaJt!!tI d,~ trans:h::l,rm~cM:1'i c,on.Hn !:Ii!!. N illllCi1I ~@o h ~rrIBmo~ imJl~[Jlr. (J(!IDO g<Ocvemin(J

,,~t~~,

ilHil'~~'n 1f'00d~na~~$t~!;. e·~l~ t:r<!J1!:!>I'Qrm ir;l~ !!!.~i6!1i, ~e !l.~clh.Q, $i'frl!Jt\!~

d:f! IO:!l raclolll.alIIISitas. ~s 9<1reiSllIltad\:l de ,I'I!OIl.aolu '~'l'I'til'ndid!o
qUi'

At' U1e ml!5!e~m in ., IJ~e.borg" rno""e.rne nl is quilt on th e basis (jj'~hl!' s;pira I wl1i.(h ~i"'f!s mea ning til the surp,ri:;;ing f!'lute lealliing if{]WiIl into lhe ~arth:
'"Ale.efiIlQ o.aW.l'l Into o·f su rprlse

101Clnica m.arn,era de- e",litar la anar(lUla <fe~c<lmbltl tOns~5t~ >erl,

tOlnmn Clollc.i!l'llIcia die' I;)s I~~:s: quo '!!lobte man IU r.all5ifOnilil~l~jIQIl!,

"I 'litU~~an!,a !>:"

sabre 1<1 siirliire~lrY'(t· Cjille il1:albt;a prollo:r'ckmadQ el cliescen'so I'lac:la 'el il1lt~lI'ior de' lia,tiie!l'Fa: "Un !!e<flf~im ie,nll~ ,Dli;! $Qt1P'f~!;<!!! Ime-~IM,g, ~tt'iTI el dE!!S~o dE! ~(!:!:GE!nder .!II ill~lI!lwlof d·~11lIolficHo asallara <II "'1:s,I~i3Jnl~ ,al \1IJjl·rper ~rrmilra ?oIilo:ell '"rat:e-r ,r;!I~ tr~$ pisQS altllert)g, .. ~~$ ~I~s. Sil'! ,~~n~"rs~· co n e$('~ I e,r,a,s II pa !>mo~. ·E-ill !J'8ct:aldor 5,e deiSl iza, ca ~i 5ill daJrr5e't;:uent,OI" per es '
I'IIIJ!HlCl 51!' C'OIilS1tru'ye'

'he yis rtors whent h~V 1i rst see the t hr~-fr:oor crater o pen 01'1 Iheir 'f,~~~.Tbe Fe <Ire no tiri n~ s;tal<rway~ oj nQl ~)J:rr!Q(lr5; ~ Im~~ \'lith oul nctl ~lmJ, tile spectator

mi m~red ""i1h the (;Ie~ir~ to iJo Enteri(j~ oi~he t)<l~ldfn~ ""ji!! as.sa,uli

!E1iI ~:I

,d1eSU[o;!!hi:mrg" ,~~ nnolll'lmliento

IJ~~~ !lie· UOII ... $ Pirro!! q Ule lila $emt'l [10 <1.1 iJeOQrriridQ

51'des. dewn ~he ramp' wh Ie" d·ow.nf"rou~ h tile

pla(;e."

~~ometrl~ r'qowJ which ooa. IJ~ Ihoe en!gmatic, poet!~ form:;: cilia r~ c~-erl~I!'It;J Ut;;:Q!'I"~, vrork. In !1 ts ,arll'f'f, Me

!t l'ffl W! be ul1I!.;,IJtQ IOJ(Jet til e con~trl!lc;t!Q!I1i:l' and

Iial rampJ!I

tI ls ca.paeih' to ·olVc r!'i: e a rO!t~o11<111 '5,!,~~elTlwM 1~!1turns lno<se-ufo!iT!~e~5flo rm~ (Ii £'jIfJ1IDO lIE ej,fQ~"!tjfl~ ~~t:e ~Llth~ ~.,!~ i!ifCh!te du~e·.

hits repea tMi'l'

at:lmGn·st~flted

d:E!·MJJ!ll!!ia gue lIE!- conducE! abaJo, a ·trall~:S de!l 11E!t::~nt!O·.,~· iIIFlJm;t'tj IlI"'idla r !!l'1 ri~or cC'FI~tlrud i'o'o, y ~eO'me.triC:Q' ,que P~~~<E!;I'I !h,!, '1\o~llI'li!l~ e,l'Illgm,nl:ca! y ~~~ti;!~i!i~ q]1lI(! e8Ir!lll:)t~rtlz~n e

$eria

Tile a~~~o;In 01 tne roers 01 SyGrI~Y opeHI

neuse

(Ion

1hc ba<;;j!; c'f ~cctrol'm Cif .II DQ'~ic·n eta ~p(h~ro cor Ilis wf!tlr1~s ill'lQut I!(idih~ i'I~ct'lit~ctur~ ero <II el~ar eJoiilmpl e 0' tim. Tn ~F.~ ls no aoub~ ~ha' In ti'le con struenon W tilt;! Qrott0 o;f s: Il~ebo~(]I mlUS1?Wlm In 8 ~ rcl'ln,8~l lr,lns [e r FE!ti r,he iOfffi[l1 inl?OOOFfi 01' lll~ pl~'n net! bui ICling to iI langUi!it;J1? ~'Ul:)j ~C~ t.o g~Omi!'lrv aM ~on~truet IGIll. .rust .ri$ t:mg Gud i?J, In th9' y~[Ir .2,n2S B.C, was @!)Ie 10 truild <I t:empi.E' ins.p'Hnedi by tJn~ go dis in 'he rmm or a
mnU~IIMion, li!>in<;! the iMelliQence lind kM'rIIE!oge

la ~bfa de mnml;, [.1'1 ~,utrayedt;lria iii" s,ab[!;I@ d1eliJloStiiar r!;!'p~t:I't.I~l1iIe t~ ~a '~OlIP.llcl~alll~~ orgallllzllr n u!'lslst~m~1 r'lIl:lonal qfIJE! transf·tlrm~ E!1I11 aut~ntiCai al1l:!luite(:hillr,a, ia!cauellas H!rmlili!i "ilflforme-s" d il! @'o!'OC,EH::ltill'l s,l mb6lil>Ci9i. lB eenstruee ton d~· las ,~IJill:@rt,a~ d@· ~BI
Q~erad'e SilillrMi:Y

,a. part

it

c~ IIiI:iiS~IX:~O;nl~~

(lie ulil '~OI:5:qil,l~~~ e$i~,ric:o'

iidm~s •• J,lilt,ii U.,l'IJi'I W<J .:lillIe to build hi S Ibu Ibs, cloulJ~ 5

and "Mting Cd Iliqra phi~~ tl1a n~:s to tile nurnerlcal and .gO!! IlI'l1lE!tr~c rigDlJlr' which go'~:ern ~lJn:>t ruction. It ~:; I,his i ntell iQ@nei! -'nol pr lor to .riE!~e~a ion Ibllll, ii t ne De!>sary il'Jj~,t rumenl I'or a DCOimp lie!; ing th.e worlh J"'rn Ut!on n;,f,erS to when he Sililfs: ·'R~te.nl:[., L as[';~d HIE! pa inter [gil Jakpt)sE!:rn 'Wl)at which He re.pllE!cl tll.;l~ i~

o.

art.·_

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