Oracionescondicionales

http://webs.ono.com/lallena/ConditionalSentences.html

Utilizamos las oraciones condicionales cuando queremos hablar de una posible situacin y sus consecuencias. Las oracionescondicionalestienendospartes: la oracin subordinada (la oracinqueexpresala condicin ycomienzacon if) yla oracinprincipal,queenunciael resultado o consecuencia. Enla oracinIfitrains,Iwillstayathome,laoracinsubordinadaesIfitrains,ylaoracinprincipalesI willstayathome. Debemos usar una coma para separar la oracin principal de la subordinada cuando escribimos primerolaoracinsubordinadayluegolaprincipal.Encasocontrario,cuandolaoracinsubordinada siguealaprincipal,noseutilizacoma:Iwillstayathomeifitrains. Hayvariostiposdeoracionescondicionales:

CONDICIONALESDETIPOGENERAL(TIPO0) If+PresentSimple PresentSimple

Utilizamosdostiempospresentesparaexpresarleyesnaturales,reaccioneshabitualesoalgoque normalmenteesverdad: Ifyouheatice,itturnstowater. Ifthereisashortage,thepriceofoilgoesup. Otrascombinacionesdetiemposverbales: If+PresentPerfectPresentSimple Iftheyhavelostanymoney,theyreportittome. If+PresentContinuousPresentSimple Ifthebabyiscrying,itisprobablyhungry. If+PresentSimplePresentContinuous Ifanadvertisementdoesnottellthetruth,theadvertiseriscommittinganoffence. Parasituacionespasadasutilizamosdostiempospasados: IfIfinishedmyhomeworkearly,Iplayedwithmycomputer

EnestetipodeoracionescondicionalespodemosutilizarWhenoWheneverenvezdeIf: Whenyouheatice,itturnstowater. Wheneverthereisashortage,thepriceofoilgoesup.

CONDICIONALESDELTIPOI(PROBABLES) If+PresentSimple WILL+V

Cuando queremos expresar situaciones que son posibles o probables, el verbo de la oracin subordinadavaenpresenteyelverbodelaoracinprincipalenfuturo: Ifyouhurry,wewillcatchthebus. Otrascombinacionesdetiemposverbales: If+PresentPerfectWill+V Ifyouhavefinished,Illgiveyouanotherbook. If+PresentContinuousWill+V Ifyouarestayingforanothernight,Illgiveyouabetterroom. If+PresentSimpleImperative Ifyouaretired,gotobed. If+PresentPerfectImperative Ifhehasfinished,askhimtoleave. If+PresentSimpleModal+V Ifyouarehungry,youcanmakeyourselfasandwich.

CONDICIONALESDELTIPOII(IMPROBABLESOHIPOTTICAS) If+PastSimple WOULD+V

Cuandohablamosdeunasituacinimprobable,elverbodelaoracinsubordinadavaenpasado simpleyelverbodelaoracinprincipalencondicional: IfIdroppedthis,itwouldexplode. Elpasadosimpleenlaoracinsubordinadanoesunverdaderopasado,sinoqueenrealidades subjuntivo,loqueindicaimprobabilidadoirrealidad.Puestoqueelverbo BE stieneunpasadode

subjuntivo,queeswereparatodaslaspersonas,sepuedeutilizarIfI/hewereenvezdeIfI/hewas. Sinembargo,siempredecimosIfI you were paradarconsejo: IfIwas/wereofferedaticket,Iwouldtakeit. IfIwereyou,Iwouldntdoit. Otrascombinacionesdetiemposverbales: Sepuedeusarmightocouldenvezdewouldparaexpresarposibilidad,incertidumbreopermiso: If+PastSimpleMight+V Ifyoutriedagain,youmightsucceed. If+PastSimpleCould+V Ifitstoppedsnowing,youcouldgoout. Should+Vsepuedeutilizarparaindicarquelaaccinenlaoracinsubordinadaesimprobable. If+Should+VPresentSimple Ifthismachineshouldfailtogivesatisfaction,weguaranteetorefundthepurchasemoney. If+Should+VImperative Ifanyoneshouldringup,saythatIllbebackateight. If+Should+VWould+V Ifthepoliceshouldfindout,wedallbeinthemostterribletrouble. Eninglsformal,cuandohayunverboauxiliarenlaoracinsubordinada,porejemplowereoshould, esposibleinvertirelauxiliaryelsujetoyomitirlapartculaif: Should+VPresent Should thismachine fail togivesatisfaction,we guarantee torefundthepurchasemoney.=Ifthis machineshouldfail... Shouldthepolicefindout,wedallbeinthemostterribletrouble.=Ifthepoliceshouldfindout... WereWould+V Wereittrue,shewouldbereleased.=Ifitweretrue,...

CONDICIONALESDELTIPOIII(CONDICIONESIMPOSIBLESOIRREALES) If+HAD+Participiopasado WOULDHAVE+Participiopasado

Cuandohablamosdeunasituacinpasadaquepodrahaberocurridoperoquedehechonoocurri,el verbodelaoracinsubordinadavaenpretritopluscuamperfectoyelverbodelaoracinprincipalen condicionalperfecto: IfIhadknown,Iwouldhaveboughtit. Otrascombinacionesdetiemposverbales: Sepuedeutilizarmighthaveocouldhaveparaexpresarunaposibilidadquenollegarealizarse: If+Had+Pastparticiplemighthave+pastparticiple Ifwehadsavedmoremoney,wemighthavegoneonholiday. If+Had+Pastparticiplecouldhave+pastparticiple Ifwehadsavedmoremoney,wecouldhavegoneonholiday. Eninglsformaloliterario,esposibleinvertirelauxiliarhadyelsujetoyomitirlapartculaif: Had+PastParticipleWouldHave+PastParticiple HadIrealized,Iwouldhavetoldyou=IfIhadrealized...

OTRASFORMASDEDECIRIF Unless+verboafirmativo=If+verbonegativo Unlessitstopsraining,wewontgoout.=Ifitdoesntstopraining,wewontgoout. Unlessquieredecirexceptoconlacondicindeque/amenosque/anoserqueynosepuedeusar enoracionesenlasquealgoseraelresultadodequeotracosanoocurriese: Shedbeprettyifshedidntwearsomuchmakeup *Shedbeprettyunlesssheworesomuchmakeup Butfor=Ifitwerenotfor/Ifithadnotbeenfor Butforthestorm,wewouldhavearrivedearlier.=Ifithadntbeenforthestorm... Provided/Providing(that)=Ifandonlyif Youcancampinmyfieldprovidedyoupromisetoleavenomess. Aslongas/Solongas=Ifandonlyif Youcangoouttonight,aslongasyoucomebackbymidnight. 4

On(the)conditionthat=Ifandonlyif Sheagreedtocomeon(the)conditionthatshecouldbringherpetcanary. Suppose/Supposing(that)?=Whatif? Supposetheplaneislate?=Whatwillhappeniftheplaneislate? Supposehewentbytrain?=Whatwouldhappenifhewentbytrain? Supposingnoonehadbeenthere?=Whatwouldhavehappenedifnoonehadbeenthere?

OTRASFORMASDEEXPRESARCONDICIONES Sepuedenexpresarcondicionesconimperativos(+or/and)oparticipiospasados: Finishyourhomework,oryouwontgoout.=Ifyoudontfinishyourhomework,youwontgoout. Dothat,andyoullbeintrouble.=Ifyoudothat,youllbeintrouble. Defeated,theywouldcomebacktoSpain.=Iftheyweredefeated,theywouldcomebacktoSpain.