2 c ch forward :

source routing : mi packet gm c source address, destination address, mt danh sch cc a ch ca cc node trung gian ( intermediate ) to thnh ng i gia source v destination. hop-by-hop routing : mi gi ch gm c source address v destination address v duy tr cho mi destination a ch ca node tip theo c s dng i ti destination

c im :
Mi node c mt s giao tip ( network interface ) Vic chuyn tip gi ( forwarding ) c quyt nh bi IP i vi hop-by-hop :

mi gi tin IP bao gm a ch IP ca source, a ch IP ca

destination. Mi entry trong bng nh tuyn c p dng cho mt mng destination

i vi source routing :
mi gi tin s gm c source addres v mt danh sch cc a

ch IP c s dng i n ch a ch IP ca destination c cp nhp ti tng hop v lun c gi tr bng node tip theo Do c tnh ng ca ca mng ad hoc, normal IP routing v forwarding khng s dng c. Trong mng ad hoc, nu phng php hop-by-hop c s dng th network topology cn c xy dng in vo bng routing table. Nu source routing c s dng th cc tuyn ng i cn c tm ra

tm hiu v phng php reactive approach, ta tm hiu qua phng php nh tuyn DSR-Dynamic Source Routing DSR c nghin cu v pht trin bi Jonhson (1994), Johnson v Maltz ( 1996 ) v c tiu chun ha bi Johnson ( 2004 ). DSR s dng source routing

nh dng gi tin route request

Qu trnh route request

nh dng gi tin route reply

Qu trnh route reply

kho st phng php nh tuyn proactive, ta xem xt phng php nh tuyn OLSR Optimized Link-State Routing nh tuyn trong OLSR l kiu hop-by-hop v ch s dng cc kt ni i xng, ngha l cc kt ni c th theo c hai chiu.

Bng nh tuyn

Destination address l a ch ca node mun gi tin Next hop address l node neighbor Distance l s lng hop ti destination Interface address ch nh interface no c s dng i n neighbor

Trong OLSR, mi node duy tr mt bng nh tuyn cha thng tin v tt c cc node khc trong mng Bng nh tuyn cn phi cp nht thng xuyn, theo nh k hoc khi cn mt thng tin mi OLSR s dng giao thc UDP trao i cc control message

C hai loi OLSR message, l hello message v topology control message. Mi node theo nh k pht i cc hello message thng bo v s c mt ca mnh Hello message khng c forward i

Mi node s duy tr mt bng la chn ( selector table ). Mi entry trong bng ny l a ch ca mt neighbor node m n ang ng vai tr l multipoint relays ( MPR ) cho node Topology control ( TC ) message mang thng tin v nh tuyn s c forward bi cc MPR

Multipoint relay

C ch pht hin v loi b cc control message b lp trnh lp vng : duplicate table.

originator address : a ch node gi message, Message sequence number : sequence number ca message, retransmission indicator : gi tr boolean. Interface : interface nhn message

originator address v sequence number trng vi mt entry trong duplicate table ng vi 1 interface address : xem xt retransmission indicator Nu nh mt message nhn c m khng b trng lp : to ra mt entry mi lu thng tin Nu nh message trng originator address v sequence number v retransmission indicator l true : xem xt interface.

Phng php nh tuyn ZRP gm c 3 phng php nh tuyn nh

Neighbor Discorvery Protocol ( NDP ), Intrazone Routing Protocol ( IARP ) Interzone Routing Protocol ( IERP )

Mi node s gi i cc message l hello beacon

Neighbor address : a ch node gi hello beacon Arrival : xc nhn nhn c gi tin hay ko

IARP c s dng lin lc trong c li ngn S dng thut ton Open Shortest Path First ( OSPF ) IARP s dng proactive routing v thut ton link-state duy tr thng tin topology v zone ca node

V d v vng nh tuyn ca node A

Cc node s dng IARP trao i cc linkstate packet m t kt ni gia cc node Cc link-state packet c pht i theo kiu broadcast. gii hn phm vi lin lc th gi tr Time To Live ( TTL ) trong link-state packet c gii hn nh hn 2 ln bn knh ca zone cng thm 1 n v Mt link-state packet gm c cc thng tin m t lin kt, gm c source address, destination address.

X l nh tuyn

Khi mt node destination khng th i n c bng cch s dng bng neighbor table v IARP S dng c ch bordercasting
Mi node xc nh vng ca mnh Nu nhn c RREQ th gi n node nu nm trong vng, nu ko s gi cho peripheral ca n

IERP duy tr mt bng detected request. Gm c 3 trng :

Source address : l node gi i RREQ m node ang xt nhn c Request ID : gi tr c xc nh trong RREQ Previous hop address : l a ch ca node c s dng lm next hop ca ng i ngc li khi node gi li message RREP.

Thanks for your attention!