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Chapter 14: Congress / Budgets / Politics of Spending

Budgets o How big is the federal budget? Expenditures Revenues Deficits o Whats the difference between a budget deficit and the National Debt? National Debt o What is it? o How is it sold o Who owns it Entitlements o What are they? o What chunk of the budget do they take? Sources of Revenue o Income Tax Constitutionality 16th Amendment (know the year) o Social Insurance tax Have revenues increased or decreased in the last 40 years? o Borrowing Money Where does most the borrowing come from? Who can borrow o Corporate income taxes o What has been the fastest growing source of federal revenue? What is the military-industrial complex? o How much do we annually spend on military? Why? Social Security o What is it? o How is it funded? o Who pays and how much? o When was it created? o What percentage of total budget? What is Medicare? o How is it paid for? o Who gets it? o What percentage of total budget? o Why do old people eat dinner at 3:30 and drive with their blinker on? Medicaid? The Federal Debt: o How much:

o How much is foreign? o What percentage of budget goes to pay it off? Governments expenditures as a percentage of GDP vs. other nations how do we rate? Budget allocations: o How big is it? o How much goes to Defense? o How much goes to entitlement programs o Who gets the most money? o What is incrementalism? o What is the difference between mandatory and discretionary spending? o What is an uncontrollable expenditure in the federal budget? The budgetary process o Give the steps o How does it work? o What are the politics involved? The revenue process: o Who, in government, has the ultimate power to tax and spend? o Where do tax bills begin? o In the Senate, which committee holds court, when it comes to tax bills? o How long is the total budget cycle? OMB (Page 453) what roles does it play in the process? CBO (Congressional Budget Office): what role does it play in the process? OTHER KEY TERMS: -- KNOW THESE o Reconciliation o Authorization bill o Appropriations bill

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