Bibliography Primary Sources: Ataturk and Fellow Soldiers. 1915. Photograph. Gallipoli.

Http://www.anzacsite.gov.au/2visiting/images_gallipoli/anzac_ae_P01141001_L.jpg.

This is a picture of Ataturk and other soldiers at Gallipoli in 1915. Ataturk at the Sivas Congress. Photograph. Web. <http://img.tfd.com/wiki/c/c6/Ataturk(1967)_-_Sivas_congress_Refet-Rauf-bekir.png>. This is a picture of Ataturk at the Sivas congress. Ataturk Birth House. Photograph. Web. <http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Ataturk-birth-house.jpg/200pxAtaturk-birth-house.jpg>. This is a picture of Ataturk's house in Salonika and it is used in the slideshow. Ataturk, Fethi Okyar and a Girl. Photograph. Web. 2 Apr. 2012. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ataturk_and_Fethi_Okyar.jpg>. This picture is in the the slideshow under Kemals reforms. Ataturk in Parliament. 1927. Photograph. Web. <http://img.informer.com/wiki/mediawiki/images/d/df/Ataturk-1927-opening.JPG>. This is a picture of Ataturk in parliament. It is used in the slideshow. Ataturk Speaking in Bursa. 1924. Photograph. Bursa. Web. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ataturk-1924-Bursa-public.jpg>. This is a picture of Ataturk speaking in Bursa. It is used in the slideshow. Ataturk Speaking in Parliament. Photograph. Web. <http://www.nationofturks.com/wpcontent/uploads/2011/05/ataturk_parlament.jpg>. This is another picture of Ataturk in parliament. It is used in the slideshow. Ataturk Teaching Alphabet. Photograph. Web. <http://www.columbia.edu/~sss31/Turkiye/ata/alfabe.gif>. This is a picture of Ataturk teaching the alphabet. It is used in the slideshow. Ataturk Teaching the Alphabet. Photograph. Web. 2 Apr. 2012. <http://www.turkishnews.com/Ataturk/education.htm>. This picture is in the the slideshow under Kemals reforms. Ataturk's Mausoleum. Photograph. Web. <http://media-cdn.tripadvisor.com/media/photos/01/50/54/d7/ataturk-mausoleum-anitkabir.jpg>. This is a picture of Ataturk's mausoleum.

Ataturk with Modern Looking Men and Women. Photograph. Web. 2 Apr. 2012. <http://www.turkishnews.com/Ataturk/women.htm>. This picture is in the the slideshow under Kemals reforms. "BBC News - Turkey Alcohol Curbs Raise Secular Fears." BBC - Homepage. Web. 10 Feb. 2012. <http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-12174905> This article is about the recents prohibitions the Turkish government has made on the sale of alcohol. Departure of Sultan Vahideddin (Mehmed VI). 1922. Photograph. Museum Syndicate, Turkey. Museum Syndicate. Web. 2 Apr. 2012. <http://www.museumsyndicate.com/item.php? item=47801>. This picture is in the the slideshow under Kemals reforms. Eighteen Female MPs Joined the Turkish Parliament with the 1935 General Elections. 1935. Photograph. Web. 2 Apr. 2012. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:First_female_MPs_of_the_Turkish_Parliament_(1935).jpg>. This picture is in the the slideshow under Kemals reforms. Ferguson, Niall. "The Mideast's next Dilemma." Newsweek 27 June 2011. Print. This article is on the website and discusses the current situation in Turkey. Hosting the Greek Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos. october 1932. Photograph. Web. <http://ookaboo.com/o/pictures/picture/8702570/Hosting_the_Greek_Prime_Minister_Elefthe>. This picture is in the the slideshow under Kemals reforms.

Sahin, Mustafa. "Islam, Ottoman Legacy and Politics in Turkey: An Axis Shift." The Washington Review of Turkish and Eurasian Affairs. Web. This is an article written by an academic, whom I contacted, on Erdogan as prime minister of Turkey. Ferguson explains that Erdogan is acknowledged as a moderate Islamist, but there is reason to believe that he wants to transform Turkey in ways Suleiman the Magnificent would have admired.

"JFK's Speech to Turkish People on 25th Anniversary of Death of Kemal." Speech. Web. <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:JFKennedy_November1963.ogg>. This is JFKs speech that he gave when he visited Turkey on the 25th anniversary of Kemals death. The speech basically explains everything I wrote. Jones, Charla. Patrons Sit outside a Bar. Photograph. Beyoglu, Istanbul. Web. <http://www.chezchiara.com/2011/10/turkey-turning-west-or-east-or-both.html

This picture is used in the slideshow on Modern Turkey. Now people are not allowed to drink outside. Kemal Ataturk. Photograph. Web. 2 Apr. 2012. <http://www.google.com/imgres? q=kemal+ataturk&um=1&hl=en&client=safari&sa=N&rls=en&biw=1280&bih=738&tbm=isch&t bnid=BvI9KbtIFBiViM:&imgrefurl=http://ataturkcudusunce.deviantart.com/art/FOTOGRAFLARLA-ATATURK-241275077&docid=4JPjWf2JpcpaiM&imgurl=http://www.deviantart.com/download/41275077/FO TOGRAFLARLA_ATATURK_2_by_ATATURKCU_DUSUNCE.jpg&w=1085&h=1262&ei=1op 0T6uQNtC50QG3srGBAw&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=166&vpy=253&dur=255&hovh=242&hovw =208&tx=103&ty=118&sig=111988640798198199796&page=1&tbnh=115&tbnw=99&start=0&n dsp=36&ved=1t:429,r:9,s:0>. This picture is in the the slideshow under Kemals reforms. Kemal Ataturk. Photograph. Web. 2 Apr. 2012. <http://www.google.com/imgres? q=kemal+ataturk&um=1&hl=en&client=safari&sa=N&rls=en&biw=1280&bih=738&tbm=isch&t bnid=BvI9KbtIFBiViM:&imgrefurl=http://ataturkcudusunce.deviantart.com/art/FOTOGRAFLARLA-ATATURK-241275077&docid=4JPjWf2JpcpaiM&imgurl=http://www.deviantart.com/download/41275077/FO TOGRAFLARLA_ATATURK_2_by_ATATURKCU_DUSUNCE.jpg&w=1085&h=1262&ei=1op 0T6uQNtC50QG3srGBAw&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=166&vpy=253&dur=255&hovh=242&hovw =208&tx=103&ty=118&sig=111988640798198199796&page=1&tbnh=115&tbnw=99&start=0&n dsp=36&ved=1t:429,r:9,s:0>. This picture is in the the slideshow under Kemals reforms. Kemal Ataturk. Photograph. Web. <http://www.google.com/imgres? q=kemal+ataturk&um=1&hl=en&client=safari&sa=N&rls=en&biw=1280&bih=738&tbm=isch&t bnid=BvI9KbtIFBiViM:&imgrefurl=http://ataturkcudusunce.deviantart.com/art/FOTOGRAFLARLA-ATATURK-241275077&docid=4JPjWf2JpcpaiM&imgurl=http://www.deviantart.com/download/41275077/FO TOGRAFLARLA_ATATURK_2_by_ATATURKCU_DUSUNCE.jpg&w=1085&h=1262&ei=1op 0T6uQNtC50QG3srGBAw&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=166&vpy=253&dur=255&hovh=242&hovw =208&tx=103&ty=118&sig=111988640798198199796&page=1&tbnh=115&tbnw=99&start=0&n dsp=36&ved=1t:429,r:9,s:0>. This picture is in the the slideshow under Kemals reforms. Kemal Introducing the New Turkish Alphabet. 20 september 1928. Photograph. Kayseri. Web. 2 Apr. 2012. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ataturk-September_20,_1928.jpg>. This picture is in the the slideshow under Kemals reforms. Kiyafet Yasasi. Photograph. Web. <http://turkeyexposed.files.wordpress.com/2008/04/kiyafetyasasi1.jpg>. This is a picture of veiled Turkish women, used in the slideshow on Modern Turkey.

Krecichwost, Wilfried. Blue Mosque, Istanbul. Photograph. National Geographic Travel. Web. <http://travel.nationalgeographic.com/travel/countries/turkey-photos/#/sulymaniyemosque_10870_600x450.jpg>. This is a picture of the Blue Mosque in Istanbul. It is used in the slideshow on Modern Turkey. Mustafa Kemal Teaching New Alphabet to Ulku. ogg. Web. <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mustafa_Kemal_teaching_new_alphabet_to_Ulku.ogg>. This video is embedded on my website. It is a short clip of Ataturk teaching a child the Latin alphabet. Mustafa Kemal Atatrk in Front of the Turkish Parliament on the Seventh Anniversary of the Foundation of the Turkish Republic. 1930. Photograph. Web. 2 Apr. 2012. <http://ookaboo.com/o/pictures/picture/12649547/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat %C3%BCrk_in_front_of_the_Tu>. This picture is in the the slideshow under Kemals reforms. Portrait of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk. Photograph. Web. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:MustafaKemalAtaturk.jpg>. This is a portrait of Ataturk. Portrait of Recep Tayyip Erdogan. Photograph. Web. <http://www.topnews.in/files/RecepTayyip-Erdogan.jpg>. This is a portrait of Erdogan. Plate with the New Alphabet. Photograph. Web. 2 Apr. 2012. <http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_IPT3Lc7Qiks/TUwHE9nWW3I/AAAAAAAAAiM/0Uzr_NfD84/s1600/14%2Balphabet%2Breform.JPG>. This picture is in the the slideshow under Kemals reforms. Results of the Turkish General Election of 2011 by Provinc. 2011. Photograph. Web. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2011_Turkish_general_election_english.svg>. This is a map of Turkey which shows which areas voted for who in the elections. Tanir, Ilhan. "Is Erdogan the New Nasser?" Hurriyet Daily News. Web. Like Nasser dominated the Arab world, this article from the Hurriyet Daily News says that Erdogan is trying to do the same. "The Constitution of the Republic of Turkey." Http://www.anayasa.gov.tr/images/loaded/pdf_dosyalari/THE_CONSTITUTION_OF_THE_REP UBLIC_OF_TURKEY.pdf. Constitutional Court of the Republic of Turkey. This is the online version of the Constitution of Turkey, published online by the Constitutional Court. I referred to it multiple times during my work.

"The Turkish Model: A Hard Act to Follow | The Economist." The Economist - World News, Politics, Economics, Business & Finance. Web. 01 Feb. 2012. <http://www.economist.com/node/21525408>. This is the controversial Economist article which I have quoted several times in my work.

View of Izmir Street. Photograph. Kizilay, Ankara. Web. <http://www.turkishclass.com/picture_1494>. A picture used in the slideshow of Modern Turkey. Wagenstein, Oded. Train Ride, Istanbul. 2011. Photograph. National Geographic. Web. <http://photography.nationalgeographic.com/photography/photos/best-pod-june-2011/#/train-rideistanbul_35957_600x450.jpg>. This is a picture of a veiled Turkish woman, which juxtaposes the modern woman seen in the background poster. Women Wearing Western Clothes. Photograph. Web. <http://www.google.com/url? source=imglanding&ct=img&q=http://twinningroadtransport.ubak.gov.tr/assets/images/ataturk2.gi f&sa=X&ei=GOEYT_N1qu3SAdTorNAL&ved=0CAwQ8wc&usg=AFQjCNEbzXtcepL8bY4cZP ZUYL7AMe4e_g>. This is a picture of Kemal standing in a group of mostly women wearing modern clothes. Yenieri Atatrk. Photograph. Web. <http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Yenieri_Atatrk.JPG>. This is a picture of Ataturk in Janissary costume. It is used in the slideshow. Zanotti, Jim. Congressional Research Service-Turkey: Background and U.S. Relations. Rep. Web. 1 Apr. 2012. <http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/R41368.pdf>. This is a report on Turkey and it's relations with the U.S. written by Jim Zanotti, a specialist in Middle Eastern affairs, for the members of the U.S. congress. On page 6 there is a section titled "Changes to the Kemalist Order". It is amazing how the American government has also made the same observations I made. Zahedi, Darisuh, and Gokhan Bacik. "Kemalism Is Dead, Long LIve Kemalism." Foreign Affairs. Council of Foreign Affairs. Web. This article is from the council on foreign affairs. It outright states that Kemalism is dead in Turkey and that the country is shifting towards the authoritarian regimes of the Middles East. Secondary Sources: A Turkish Flag with Ataturk's Face. Digital image. Web. <http://fc08.deviantart.net/fs6/i/2005/090/3/a/Ataturk_and_Turkish_Flag__by_jawussjan.jpg>.

This picture is used as a banner for the page on Ataturk. "Ak Parti Offical Web Site." Web. 01 Feb. 2012. <http://eng.akparti.org.tr/english/index.html>. Bora, Aksu, and Koray Caliskan. This website of the Turkish government provided me with a brief history of the AKP and with statistics on the elevtion. Baskin Oran. "The First Wave of Modernization: Kemalism." Web. <http://www.baskinoran.com/konferans/Kokkalis-Harvard(2-Kemalism).pdf>. This is a powerpoint on the history of Kemalism created by a professor of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government. Bayrak Ata Poster. Digital image. Web. <http://www.google.com/url? source=imglanding&ct=img&q=http://www.kulturmemursen.org.tr/haber_resim/BAYRAK-ATAPOSTER1.jpg&sa=X&ei=PtsYT-OXM-nu0gHrY3qCw&ved=0CAwQ8wc&usg=AFQjCNFZ1lEiEtrd-e6pRHcI9J9icNKC2w>. This is the banner used for the principles page. Christensen, Melissa. Turkish Skyline. 2010. Photograph. Web. <http://www.google.com/url? source=imglanding&ct=img&q=http://melissachristensen.files.wordpress.com/2010/07/dsc03422.j pg&sa=X&ei=ddUYT9XOKaT50gHy9dWzCw&ved=0CAwQ8wc4hwE&usg=AFQjCNFxG8nutk dwIcy5QurBAPO8Ya6D3A>. This is the banner used where the thesis is. Fez. Digital image. Web. <http://www.learnersdictionary.com/art/ld/fez.gif>. This makes up the banner on the page about Kemals reforms. "Is Kemalism Dead in Turkey?" Hoover Institution. Web. 01 Feb. 2012. <http://www.hoover.org/publications/defining-ideas/article/59031>. This article is written by a Turkish professor and it says that although Turkey was ed as a secular republic, but today it appears to be more Islamic.

found-

Kedourie, Sylvia. Turkey before and after Atatrk: Internal and External Affairs. London: Frank Cass, 1999. Print. In this book, Kedourie discusses the doubts as to if the government of Turkey is the secular constitutional democracy is intended to be. "Kemalism." All About Turkey. Web. 01 Feb. 2012. <http://www.allaboutturkey.com/ata_prensip.htm>.

This webpage defines the principles of Kemalism. Konstantinidis, Stefanos. "Neo-ottomanism: Concept Key to Understanding Current Turkey." Http://www.ardin.gr/?q=node/176. Web. This is an article written in Greek explaining the concept of Neo-Ottomanism and providing examples of how it is seen in modern Turkey. Larkou, Larkos. "Kemalism in First Person." Http://www.larkoslarkou.org.cy/ebook_kemalismos.shtml. Web. This is a e-book in Greek explaining Kemalism. Lygeros, N. "The New Ottoman Doctrine as Elimination of the Kemalist." Web. <http://www.lygeros.org/5247-gr.php>. This is yet another article about how Neo-Ottomanism is replacing Kemalism. zbudun, Ergun, and Ali Kazancigil. Atatrk, Founder of a Modern State. Hamden, CT: Archon, 1981. Print. This is the most important book in my research. I used it mostly when describing the principles of Kemal and the reforms he made. Pattern. Digital image. Web. <http://media.vam.ac.uk/vamembed/media/uploads/rx_images/image/56001-57000/56276large.jpg>. This is the pattern I used for my theme (applied with HTML coding). Purvis, Andrew. "Victorious and Banned." Time Magazine World. Web. <http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,388915,00.html>. This Time Magazine article was written in 2002 discusses the life of Erdogan. Steinvorth, Daniel, and Bernhard Zand. "The Sultan of Istancool: Is Erdogan's Success Pulling Turks Away from Europe? - SPIEGEL ONLINE - Nachrichten. Web. 01 Feb. 2012. <http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/0,1518,767427,00.html>. This Spiegel article was written before Erdogan won the electio. It says that his hunger for power may be bad for Turkeys democracy and that Turkey seems not to be very insterested in the EU membership it had once wanted. Sussman, Anna Louie. "Why Turkey Is Backsliding on Women's Rights." Web. 13 Nov. 2011. <http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2011/06/why-turkey-is-backsliding-on-womensrights/240547/>.

This is a recent article discussing the rights of women in Turkey. There are quotes from women at actual protests. Another thing I am trying to prove is that although Kemal advocated womens rights, this is no longer true in modern Turkey. "The Principles of Kemalism." The Turkish Yearbook. Vol. XX. 19-44. Web. Tasipnar, Omer. "Turkey's General Dilemma." Foreign Affairs. Council on Foreign Affairs. The chapter in this book helped me understand the principles of Kemalism. "Turkey Ex-army Chief Arrested for Alleged Bid to Topple Govt - Region - World - Ahram Online." Ahram Online - News, Business, Culture, Sports & Multimedia from Egypt. Web. 01 Feb. 2012. <http://english.ahram.org.eg/News/31039.aspx>. This is an example of the Erdogan imprisoning Kemalist supporters. "Turkey's General Dilemma | Foreign Affairs." Home | Foreign Affairs. Web. 05 Jan. 2012. <http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/68019/omer-taspinar/turkeys-general-dilemma>. This article discusses what Erdogan must do to prove that Turkey is not becoming more authoritarian and what challenges it must address. "What Is under a Headscarf? Neo-Islamist vs. Kemalist Conservatism in Turkey." Arab Studies Journal (2008). This article says that the headscarf controversy is created by neo-Islamists and Kemalists.