RANK 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 10 10 10 14 15 15 15 18 18 18 18 22 22 22 25 25 27 27 27 27 27 27 33 34 34 36 36 38 39 40 40 42 43 43 45 46

STATE SCORE GRADE New Jersey 87 B+ Connecticut 86 B Washington 83 BCalifornia 81 BNebraska 80 BMississippi 79 C+ Iowa 78 C+ Tennessee 76 C Kansas 75 C Rhode Island 74 C Illinois 74 C Massachusetts 74 C Hawaii 74 C Oregon 73 CLouisiana 72 CMissouri 72 CAlabama 72 CFlorida 71 CKentucky 71 CPennsylvania 71 CNorth Carolina 71 CDelaware 70 CIndiana 70 CWisconsin 70 CMinnesota 69 D+ Vermont 69 D+ Texas 68 D+ Arkansas 68 D+ Arizona 68 D+ West Virginia 68 D+ Montana 68 D+ Alaska 68 D+ Colorado 67 D+ Ohio 66 D New Hampshire 66 D Utah 65 D New York 65 D Oklahoma 64 D New Mexico 62 DMaryland 61 DIdaho 61 DNevada 60 DNorth Dakota 58 F Michigan 58 F South Carolina 57 F Maine 56 F

47 48 49 50

Virginia Wyoming South Dakota Georgia (US state)

55 52 50 49

F F F F

RANK 1 1 3 4 4 6 7 8 8 8 11 11 13 14 15 16 16 16 19 19 21 21 21 21 25 25 25 25 29 30 31 32 32 32 35 36 36 38 38 38 38 42 43 43 43 46

STATE Vermont Nebraska South Dakota Montana Idaho Virginia Colorado Maine Georgia (US state) Michigan Wyoming Delaware North Dakota Rhode Island Iowa Kansas Nevada California Utah West Virginia South Carolina Oregon Oklahoma Mississippi Arkansas Arizona New Jersey Florida Missouri Connecticut Wisconsin Washington Minnesota New Hampshire Louisiana Indiana Illinois Alabama Alaska Pennsylvania New Mexico Massachusetts New York Hawaii Tennessee Kentucky

GAP -4 -4 -3 -2 -2 -1 0 2 2 2 3 3 5 6 7 8 8 8 9 9 10 10 10 10 12 12 12 12 13 14 15 16 16 16 19 20 20 21 21 21 21 22 23 23 23 24 The enforcement gap represents the difference in a state's "in law" score and "in practice" score. This is the difference between what the law says and what is done on the ground. A higher gap score means a state is not doing as well implementing existing transparency and accountability measures.

46 48 48 50

Texas Ohio North Carolina Maryland

24 26 26 29

RANK 1 2 2 4 4 6 7 8 9 10 10 10 13 14 14 16 17 17 17 17 17 17 23 23 25 26 26 28 29 29 31 32 32 34 34 36 37 38 38 40 41 42 42 44 45 46

STATES Connecticut Rhode Island Washington Illinois Pennsylvania New Jersey Nebraska Arizona Kentucky Minnesota North Dakota Tennessee Kansas Idaho Ohio Mississippi Florida New Mexico New York South Dakota Utah Vermont Hawaii Nevada Michigan California Wisconsin Missouri Alabama Texas Alaska Arkansas Oklahoma Delaware New Hampshire Wyoming Montana Iowa Massachusetts Georgia (US state) Maine Indiana North Carolina Oregon Louisiana Maryland

SCORE 89 83 83 82 82 81 79 78 76 75 75 75 74 72 72 68 67 67 67 67 67 67 65 65 64 61 61 58 57 57 56 54 54 53 53 50 49 47 47 46 44 43 43 39 38 36

47 48 49 50

Colorado West Virginia Virginia South Carolina

33 31 28 22

RANK 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 7 7 7 11 11 13 13 13 13 13 18 19 19 19 22 23 24 24 25 25 28 29 30 31 31 32 32 35 35 35 35 39 40 40 40 43 44 45 46

STATE Connecticut Rhode Island Hawaii Massachusetts Vermont California West Virginia Washington New Jersey Illinois Oklahoma Alaska Kentucky Maryland Colorado Idaho Kansas Iowa Tennessee North Carolina Wisconsin Ohio Maine Arizona Delaware Arkansas Montana Minnesota New Hampshire Louisiana South Carolina Oregon New Mexico Florida Nebraska Nevada New York Texas Missouri North Dakota Georgia (US state) Michigan Mississippi Indiana South Dakota Virginia

SCORE 96 87 86 85 81 80 79 79 79 79 77 77 75 75 75 75 75 74 73 73 73 70 68 67 67 66 66 65 64 63 62 62 61 61 60 60 60 60 59 58 58 58 57 56 54 47

47 48 49 50

Pennsylvania Alabama Utah Wyoming

46 44 39 33

RANK 1 2 3 4 4 4 7 8 8 8 11 11 11 11 15 15 15 15 15 20 21 22 23 23 25 25 25 25 25 30 30 32 33 34 35 35 37 37 37 40 41 41 43 43 45 46

STATE New Jersey Tennessee California New Hampshire Washington West Virginia Iowa Connecticut Hawaii North Carolina Louisiana Montana Rhode Island Missouri Massachusetts Colorado Wisconsin Illinois Alabama Delaware Pennsylvania Kansas Minnesota Arizona Alaska Arkansas Utah Florida Kentucky Nebraska Indiana Nevada Mississippi New York New Mexico Oregon Oklahoma Georgia (US state) Vermont North Dakota Michigan Texas Ohio Maryland Virginia Wyoming

SCORE 88 85 83 82 82 82 81 79 79 79 78 78 78 78 77 77 77 77 77 76 76 75 74 74 73 73 73 73 73 71 71 70 69 66 65 65 62 62 62 60 59 59 58 58 57 56

47 48 49 50

South Dakota Idaho Maine South Carolina

54 52 50 47

RANK 1 1 3 4 4 6 7 7 9 9 11 12 12 14 14 14 14 18 18 18 21 21 21 21 25 25 25 28 29 29 29 32 33 34 34 36 36 38 38 38 41 42 42 44 45 46

STATE Tennessee Washington New Jersey Louisiana Mississippi Connecticut California Iowa Pennsylvania Florida Kansas Montana Rhode Island New Hampshire Kentucky Hawaii West Virginia Alaska Wisconsin Colorado New York Oregon Arizona Massachusetts Nebraska Arkansas Texas Missouri Illinois Nevada New Mexico North Carolina Delaware Wyoming Minnesota Indiana Oklahoma Alabama North Dakota Utah South Carolina Georgia (US state) Maryland Ohio Michigan Virginia

SCORE 87 87 79 77 77 76 75 75 74 74 73 72 72 71 71 71 71 70 70 70 69 69 69 69 68 68 68 67 66 66 66 64 63 62 62 61 61 59 59 59 58 57 57 55 52 49

47 48 49 50

Idaho Vermont South Dakota Maine

47 41 39 36

RANK 1 2 2 4 4 6 6 8 8 10 10 10 10 10 15 15 17 17 17 20 20 20 23 23 23 23 23 28 29 29 31 31 33 34 35 36 37 37 37 40 41 42 42 44 45 46

STATE SCORE Tennessee Delaware Alabama Arizona New Hampshire New Jersey Washington Alaska Massachusetts Colorado Wisconsin North Dakota Iowa West Virginia Texas New Mexico Nebraska Kansas Georgia (US state) California Illinois Indiana Arkansas Oklahoma Mississippi Connecticut Missouri Nevada North Carolina Maine Hawaii Maryland New York Oregon Ohio Utah Idaho Florida South Dakota Montana Wyoming Virginia Vermont Kentucky Louisiana Michigan

86 81 81 80 80 78 78 77 77 76 76 76 76 76 74 74 72 72 72 71 71 71 70 70 70 70 70 69 68 68 67 67 66 65 63 62 61 61 61 59 58 57 57 55 53 52

47 48 49 50

Rhode Island South Carolina Minnesota Pennsylvania

45 44 42 40

RANK 1 2 3 4 4 4 4 8 8 8 11 12 12 12 15 16 16 16 19 20 21 22 22 24 25 26 26 28 28 30 30 30 30 34 34 36 37 38 38 40 41 42 42 44 45 45

STATE SCORE Nebraska Minnesota Wyoming Mississippi Missouri Colorado Delaware Oregon Washington New Hampshire Connecticut Indiana Kansas Kentucky Louisiana New Jersey Utah Ohio North Dakota Michigan Vermont Idaho Tennessee Wisconsin Texas Arizona Alabama Illinois Arkansas Maine Florida Maryland New Mexico California Montana Rhode Island Iowa Hawaii Georgia (US state) West Virginia Nevada New York Pennsylvania North Carolina South Dakota Virginia

98 94 92 89 89 89 89 87 87 87 86 85 85 85 84 83 83 83 82 81 80 79 79 78 76 75 75 74 74 73 73 73 73 72 72 69 67 64 64 63 60 59 59 58 56 56

47 48 49 50

Massachusetts South Carolina Alaska Oklahoma

55 54 51 47

RANK 1 2 3 3 5 6 6 6 9 9 9 12 13 14 14 16 16 16 19 19 19 22 22 24 24 26 26 28 28 28 31 31 33 33 35 35 35 38 39 40 41 41 43 44 45 46

STATE SCORE New Jersey Alabama Kentucky Pennsylvania Nebraska Kansas Oregon Missouri Tennessee Connecticut California Minnesota Louisiana Massachusetts Utah Delaware Ohio New Hampshire North Carolina Virginia New Mexico Indiana Washington Vermont Oklahoma Illinois Hawaii Mississippi Wisconsin Florida Alaska Maryland Arkansas Nevada New York Iowa Montana Maine Colorado North Dakota Arizona Michigan West Virginia Texas Rhode Island South Carolina

87 86 84 84 80 79 79 79 78 78 78 76 75 74 74 73 73 73 72 72 72 71 71 67 67 66 66 65 65 65 63 63 62 62 60 60 60 59 57 56 55 55 53 48 42 41

47 48 49 50

Idaho Wyoming South Dakota Georgia (US state)

40 38 35 25

RANK 1 1 1 4 4 6 6 6 9 10 10 12 12 12 12 12 17 17 19 19 21 22 22 22 22 26 26 26 29 29 29 29 33 34 35 36 37 38 38 40 41 41 43 43 45 45

STATE Iowa Nebraska West Virginia New Jersey North Dakota Connecticut Oklahoma Virginia Pennsylvania Alabama Utah Hawaii Rhode Island California Indiana Tennessee Minnesota Oregon Illinois Kentucky Vermont Colorado Florida Montana South Carolina Michigan Mississippi Nevada Arkansas Idaho Texas Wisconsin Missouri Massachusetts Delaware Alaska New Hampshire Kansas Washington Louisiana Maine North Carolina Wyoming Ohio Arizona New Mexico

SCORE 93 93 93 92 92 91 91 91 90 89 89 88 88 88 88 88 87 87 86 86 84 83 83 83 83 82 82 82 80 80 80 80 79 78 77 76 75 74 74 73 72 72 71 71 70 70

47 47 49 50

New York South Dakota Georgia (US state) Maryland

66 66 65 60

RANK 1 1 3 3 5 6 6 6 6 10 10 10 10 14 14 14 14 18 18 18 18 22 22 22 25 25 25 28 28 28 28 28 33 33 35 35 37 37 37 37 41 41 43 44 45 46

STATE Mississippi Texas Utah West Virginia North Dakota Florida Iowa Nebraska Vermont Delaware Kentucky Montana Pennsylvania Alabama Illinois Louisiana Minnesota Arkansas Maine Missouri Washington California Hawaii Michigan Connecticut New Hampshire Oregon Colorado Idaho New Jersey Tennessee Virginia Kansas New York Indiana Rhode Island Wisconsin Arizona Georgia (US state) North Carolina Ohio South Dakota Oklahoma New Mexico Massachusetts Alaska

SCORE 99 99 98 98 97 96 96 96 96 95 95 95 95 94 94 94 94 93 93 93 93 92 92 92 91 91 91 90 90 90 90 90 89 89 88 88 86 86 86 86 84 84 83 82 79 77

46 46 49 50

Maryland South Carolina Wyoming Nevada

77 77 70 40

RANK 1 2 3 4 5 6 6 6 9 9 11 11 13 14 15 16 16 18 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 26 27 28 29 30 30 32 32 34 35 36 36 36 36 40 40 42 42 44 45 46

STATE North Carolina California Washington New Jersey Nebraska Kentucky Massachusetts South Carolina Iowa Mississippi Connecticut Wisconsin Vermont Indiana New York Idaho Rhode Island Alaska Arkansas Colorado Oregon Texas Illinois Alabama Tennessee New Hampshire Louisiana Utah Florida Hawaii Maryland Missouri Pennsylvania Minnesota Kansas Arizona Nevada Michigan Ohio Oklahoma Georgia (US state) West Virginia Maine New Mexico Montana South Dakota

SCORE 96 92 91 90 88 86 86 86 85 85 84 84 83 82 81 78 78 76 74 72 72 72 72 72 72 69 68 66 65 63 63 60 60 59 58 57 57 57 57 55 55 53 53 52 50 49

47 48 49 50

Delaware Virginia Wyoming North Dakota

42 41 36 35

RANK 1 2 3 4 5 6 6 8 9 9 9 12 13 13 15 16 17 18 19 19 21 22 23 23 25 26 26 28 29 30 31 32 33 33 35 35 37 38 39 40 40 42 43 44 45 46

STATE New Jersey Iowa Indiana Connecticut Kansas Pennsylvania Vermont Texas Minnesota North Carolina Kentucky Louisiana New Hampshire Tennessee Illinois California Nebraska Massachusetts Mississippi Rhode Island Washington Hawaii Utah Ohio West Virginia New Mexico Alabama Florida Oregon Delaware Wisconsin Alaska Nevada Maryland Missouri New York Colorado Oklahoma Montana North Dakota Virginia Arkansas South Carolina Michigan Arizona Maine

SCORE 96 95 92 90 85 82 82 81 80 80 80 79 77 77 76 74 73 72 71 71 70 68 67 67 66 65 65 64 63 62 60 59 55 55 54 54 52 51 45 44 44 43 42 41 39 37

47 48 49 50

Idaho Wyoming Georgia (US state) South Dakota

32 30 23 21

RANK 1 2 3 4 5 5 7 8 9 10 10 12 12 12 15 15 17 18 19 20 20 20 23 24 25 26 27 27 29 30 30 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 50 50 50 50 50

STATE New Jersey Connecticut Iowa California West Virginia Wisconsin Washington Mississippi Alabama Pennsylvania Texas Illinois Nebraska Hawaii Arkansas North Carolina Missouri Ohio Rhode Island Alaska Massachusetts Oregon Louisiana Kansas Oklahoma Maryland Tennessee Delaware Minnesota Florida New York Arizona Indiana South Carolina Montana Kentucky Nevada Colorado Michigan Maine Virginia Georgia (US state) Idaho New Hampshire New Mexico North Dakota

SCORE 92 90 88 84 83 83 82 79 78 77 77 75 75 75 74 74 73 72 71 70 70 70 69 68 67 64 60 60 59 56 56 55 53 52 48 47 44 34 30 27 8 0 0 0 0 0

50 50 50 50

South Dakota Utah Vermont Wyoming

0 0 0 0

RANK 1 2 3 3 3 6 7 8 8 10 11 11 11 11 15 16 17 18 18 20 20 20 20 24 25 26 26 26 29 30 30 32 33 33 35 35 37 37 39 39 41 41 43 44 45 46

STATE SCORE Mississippi Connecticut Alabama Louisiana New Hampshire New Jersey Washington Tennessee California Missouri Kentucky Rhode Island Montana North Carolina Utah Pennsylvania West Virginia Oregon Massachusetts Nebraska Alaska Illinois Indiana Florida Wisconsin Ohio Iowa Vermont Delaware New York Virginia Oklahoma Arkansas Minnesota Colorado Texas Hawaii North Dakota Kansas South Carolina Arizona Maryland Maine Michigan Idaho Nevada

91 90 89 89 89 88 87 82 82 81 78 78 78 78 76 75 74 73 73 72 72 72 72 70 69 67 67 67 64 63 63 61 60 60 58 58 57 57 55 55 52 52 51 50 47 43

47 48 49 50

New Mexico Georgia (US state) South Dakota Wyoming

41 32 27 26

RANK 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 10 10 10 14 14 14 14 14 19 19 19 19 23 24 24 24 27 27 29 30 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 40 40 40 43 43 43 46

STATES California Connecticut Florida Idaho Iowa Mississippi Vermont Washington Wyoming Arizona Montana Nebraska Oregon Hawaii Kansas Massachusetts New Jersey Rhode Island Delaware New Mexico South Carolina South Dakota Virginia Colorado Louisiana Missouri Arkansas Nevada Maryland Utah Alaska Illinois Indiana Maine New York Oklahoma Pennsylvania Texas West Virginia Georgia (US state) North Carolina Tennessee Alabama Michigan Minnesota Ohio

SCORE 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 95 95 95 95 90 90 90 90 90 80 80 80 80 75 70 70 70 65 65 60 55 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 45 45 45 40 40 40 30

47 48 49 50

North Dakota Wisconsin New Hampshire Kentucky

25 15 10 5