Axial Load

Moving Cross head

Elastic Deformation of an Axially Loaded Member =P (x) / A (x) For elastic deformation: P (x) / A (x) = E d / dx = E d = P(x) d(x) / A(x) E
:Displacement of one point relative to another.

= d / dx

= P(x) d(x) / A(x) E

L : Distance between points P(x) : internal axial force as a function of x A(x): Cross section area , as a function of x E: Modulus of elasticity

For constant load, cross section area and modulus of elasticity:

= ( P L) / (A E)
If the bar is subjected to different axial forces, or the cross section area or the modulus of elasticity changes from one region of the bar to another, the above equation can be applied on each segment and the solution for elongation can be added algebraically.

= ( P L) / (A E)

Sign Convention: Force and displacement are positive if they cause tension and elongation Force and displacement are negative if they cause compression and contraction.

Free Body Diagrams

Displacement of end A relative to end D: AD = ( P L) / (A E) = 5 KN LAB + (-3KN) LBC + (-7KN) LCD AE AE AE

N.B. if the answer is positive, it means that end A will move away from end D (the bar elongates). If the answer is negative, it means that end A will move towards end D (the bar shortens).

First apply equil. On AB to get reactions at A and B

600mm 400mm 0.184

for steel rod

For aluminum tube