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Performance

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

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2

10

100

500

Population Size

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p_c=0.9, p_m=0.0/l
p_c=0.9, p_m=0.5/l

Unused Factor, U

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

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Population Size

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l = 32
Time to k=0
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Absoption Time

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l = 10

100
Time to k=1 (Muhlenbein, 1992)

10

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10000

Number of Function Evaluations

Number of Generations

10000

1000

100

10

1000

100

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o[*Cs
2

dcFe5cy

10

100
Population Size

500

1000

10

100
Population Size

500

1000

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1
p_c=0.0, p_m=1.0/l
p_c=0.0, p_m=0.5/l
p_c=0.0, p_m=0.1/l
p_c=0.9, p_m=0.0/l
p_c=0.9, p_m=1.0/l

0.8

Performance

0.6

0.4

0.2

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2

10

100
Population Size

500

1000

2000

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RCT6fjkX*UiamxxKT;R6\*YdZ]acRXbQN_]T9QNY[Z]abR6g
v

1
p_c=0.0, p_m=1.0/l
p_c=0.0, p_m=0.5/l
p_c=0.0, p_m=0.1/l
p_c=0.9, p_m=0.0/l
p_c=0.9, p_m=1.0/l

Unuse Factor, U

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

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2

10

100
Population Size

500

1000

2000

W.-/ 10  k6[
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,

4q

Iq

1
p_c=0.0, p_m=1.0/l
p_c=0.0, p_m=0.5/l
p_c=0.0, p_m=0.1/l
p_c=0.9, p_m=0.0/l
p_c=0.9, p_m=1.0/l

0.8

Performance

0.6

0.4

0.2

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2

4q

;u

Iq

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#wxq

100
Population Size

xq

Gs

1000

wxq

500

2000

10

1
p_c=0.0, p_m=1.0/l
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p_c=0.0, p_m=0.1/l
p_c=0.9, p_m=0.0/l
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Unuse Factor, U

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

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2

10

100
Population Size

500

1000

2000

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p_c=0.9, p_m=0.1/l

0.8

Performance

0.6

0.4

0.2

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1
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Unuse Factor (U)

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

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2

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