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  • Godelier, Maurice - The Mental and The Material

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    Alison Sauvage
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    Godelier, Maurice - The Mental and the Material

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    546 vistas130 páginas

    Godelier, Maurice - The Mental and The Material

    Cargado por

    Alison Sauvage

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Descargue como PDF o lea en línea desde Scribd
    Marcar por contenido inapropiado
    de 130
    Maurice Godelier The Mental and the Material Thought Economy and Society Translated by Martin Thom “Te cna od he mate Lae Th Liter by als! oxea ve 8 ia mari pba pike ae aya 198 Typos Baten by jer and Ld, Bit, Eland ‘Tae Taclerd Pe, ‘Theor, Nove ISBN 08am 165 Contents Preface “The Mental andthe Material L._ The Material and Social Appropriation of Nature 1. Ecosystems and Social Systems 2. ‘Terstory and Property in Some Pre-Gapitalist, Sociein I The Mental Part of Reality The Mental Pat of Realy 4. The Role of Thousht in the Production of Social Relations ML Critical But Non-Polemical Considerations 5. Kae Polanyi and the ‘Shing Pla’ ofthe Economy in Societies 6 Polis af Relation of Production. A Dislogue with Edouard Will IV. Estates, Castes and Clases 7, Hawt, Castes and Glasser Appendix Index v " 15 a & Ea 26 2s ForCinvde Lév Straus Publisher's Note The ie of Gade’ bool in French i it mat We Ive tonlted = for lk of Bee aemative the word "ear mona butwe te aware ta tha pay dior what sere Gadcber inc by ig the word el which faciy wed in Fosch carp pion dco Goaher’ enon wa ote iat cout though nal hs fens and process, nso and unconscious conve and orsountte: ‘Menral tends to undeply the unconscious TGptrl tough and oretuce scones aspect soa. Simca epresenions sone Preface ‘The Mental and the Material My poin of departure in thisbook lesa afc, anda hypotesis "The fact i this: human Beng, in conta to other soci animals oot ust Hive i society hey race scl in ear fe In the course of their existence, they invent new ways of ‘inking and of acing ~ both upon themselves and upon the pure which sutrounds them. They therefore produce culture Und ene hasan for History) ‘Of couse ote sci anumals too are he product of history, ‘but it one they ave not made: that of the natural evcuton of Tring matter and of the arimal and vegetable species which atu has engendeted ithe cour ofthe earth's enstence and ‘thi thereat enter into is eompastuon. "This fact tot just Hee any ee, for an account oft involves an analy of uth the evolution of nature and the specily of, ‘an within that natures All erin this sense Gs iit lighter ‘hadow Ive wih to explain the human race apd is history, 0 ‘Geeop the natural or the human sciences, ve cannot bet take this reality ab our taring-pint ur ow can fact be Thought without a hypothesis to iter pret H? One tuch hypothesis docs exst — whic, though not fev believe t pomess 2 vernendious explanatory potential. 1 oy be sted lions: man bengr ze 4 hilo Bema th ons nae ti indeed tis cacy which defines ther a aman, OF al the fons which et them in movement and prompt ther o invent new forms of society, the most profound is 2 ‘hei ability co vansorm dei relations i matare by transfor lg nate vel Tei the same capacity which ghee them the rierial mans o stabilize dis tnovement, ing et a shoe, Gr longer period in new form of society oto deep and fend cetan of ie new form of sca ile so invented far Seyond ther teplace. Iie tific to ind data which sae dis hypotesi Toler a beter example of human action on nature th domestiated giants and anizale > domestication, beg ‘out 100 8, which then soon beet the sarngpoint for fn breerble development of mutipe forme of gece snd Sockbreeding that in thelr turn weought profound changes in toch life? Was eno thn eran ofthese gical ot agree sora societies thatthe st stralieatons of caste orcas and this rm Sine emerged abot 3.08) Nero ‘hen in China, in Egypt Pers, Merien? Te popt of those ties were mich the nea ourselves today, nds eons ing tothe species Home Sapiens which doe not see to have ‘teed much bsloscall inthe ls ily thousand yar we go further bck, othe several milion year in he course of which cenain of our prebominid ancestors were gradually Tranlormed into Hone Sap, we lar from placotologis sd prehisocians that these ansformatons were stcated ith 'm ciolation which led the bodies of our aneezas to wand Uprghc thei hands w become le, and thir ain to deep, ‘endowing them = beyond their new physical reach with the powers ofthe word and the tal "et long before these atest lscoveres of palaeantlogy and archeology, the sien ae four inital hypothess was wel {cknowleaged. Its history in Wester tought has ot yet been rrten. Here ne need only real that the same idea to be found around 1750 in the work of the Physiorts Qvesnay and ‘Mabe in France ann that of Lord Keres it Seollnd — ss of his successor i the chai f Moral Psesophy atthe Une 1 Glasgow, Adam Smith, In the nineteenth century, ican be traced, in more les die vr emptor nthe wags of Darwin Spencer and Morgan aswell as of Mare who, though he made te starng-pont he heey, Bad no enonepy oh sae iy leks} oe del eee eg The Mental andthe Matenal greta me ect nature and outer aut alike were o re-emerged peat acetate eae Sananes bones oe wet nde tii as ret Se Secret nf. dt tot el uc Rod ek. SS tp SNE on cmon escheat Thay ESC Hate G6 Wha dM Gis. Te ea ate {enter hg AoE Coma an 18 ion 9), fae Se ER Wa age ane Pe ti ey ey onde “Clade LS Th So i Lene 962 p38 the production of new forms fst? What indeed ie meat by steal relies” On cust examination, we must Sang ‘Dewecn seeral epee of matcraity scterding to whether their ‘cumence and operation do or donot imply the exience of man beings. it shee tht infinite part of ature which ill emai ‘outside the diect or incest sway Of Bumarlnd, but never ‘eos to alles tthe eunate, the natoe of the subsoil ete Secondly there ithe part of nator wich hay been stormed by human itreeton, but indeed, witout the lee’ agen Ising either ineded or aneipted tne consequences of tat tion: erosion othe changes in vegetation defo repeated iva bu oes hung ager, seeing a 0 fn, Thy, thereof courve that part of para which hasbeen Uletytaored by human begs an eannot therein Se epreduced withowt their tention, energy ape Labour. Most ftlent here are those domesticated plants and animals which, Uhl very rece, consited she dil ement n our subsist hoe Iseparsted fom us ad eto themes, these plane and ‘ital ether surive precariously, or Become wd agai, o ate incapable of reproducing snd dispar, lal, two more pars of ature transformed by human beings for thei own use inthe. process of producing thir tater conditions of exsce should be nated. Tools ahd ‘respons mide out of wood, bone stone ee. constitu 0 many ‘eeal onan extending the reach ofthe human body and ad Inger powers ot: (Thro not ue of machines which do not function a an estension of our bodies) Then there are all ose ‘ements of nator wich, detached fom i by human accor, fene in either ther erga form of afer Warsormation at ‘tera support forthe production of ial Mew alls dimen ‘Sone the wood, bone, ste leather and metals employed forthe ‘Snscucio 0 simple shelters or sumptuous temples, schools oF thnks, statics of men or of gods. Tools, weapens, monuments ‘Su ejects of every sm are the mater sappors Fr s mode of foci ie. Once abandoned, they fall ato fun — inert and ‘en residues of history, prey fo the eupaey or imagination of {he archacoogits of sobnequent epochs “The Boundary beween ature and cure, the distinction ‘ecween he materi and the ment, tend moreever to disolve fonce we approach that part of natrevehich we arely sub ‘rdinate to humanity — tha, produced or vepreduced by The Mental nd te Mauesal 5 ome nina nd ar ts, enon cs Aah (Secrnal tous ths naure isnot extemal fo cule, society ot iston eis that pat of tate whieh wansormed by human ficion and though It aa reality whieh is simultaneous Irate and mental. [owes iy exence Co conscious human ‘ion, on nature ction which cin neither ott noe be Fepreduced without te itenenion not imply of consciousness, but every kindof hough, conscious and unconscious inhi thal and elletne, historia nd oo-histocale This part of tatu ig appropristed, humanized, become socen iti history Inscribed i anture "There are then, fve inde of moteraty of which we may artain now edge adn some instances oneal andthe ec of ich on urate rately difleen. For nature acts of ws ines Santi yet cistiney, axonding wo whether we de or do net have nowicge er aay of nthe Bat prt ofthis book I shall be faking at diferent orms of material ad seal appopsiation of atures and tying to emf the elects on the organization of tiles econamie and sal ystems ofthe material constants Itmponed bythe contions of rpreducson ofthe natural rear Estes which ewe societier are immersed, and upon which ‘hey work in ones to repre themeies “Tae noon of sdapeaton rele to the dllerent stateser which humansy a iment fo expo the resourees f nature {ind conltone the ecological constants which weigh pon the feproducion of both natural apd human resources, To adapt ‘hes to submit to constants, take them ite acco, Ghde to amply ti posive and attenuate thei hexane els, for intancr by teguating the movement of indeadvals and ‘soups ling their number inventing means of fod storage, Een shor ty apposng a mater ed sol race tothe nate eonsisnt ot nate ‘Ot course te species which suround wx have alo been abe to survive enly by in m rmeasure adapting themscoes (0 the sources and constsine of ther ermronment. But une funelvs, none i eapable of assuming conscious and socal onto} of part of the objective conditions of ie exsence. The [rowete of human adaptation ae themalesconeadiciory, and ‘Eble only within cern its nts which reveal he content 6 oth ofthc elton to mate and thei sl reains, whose properties drive nether rom their wil or thei consciousness. but at the same time these proce of adaption imply fem ‘heute the deopment ol epeenttons and nerpeaons nature shared by the member of parla soe and the rgavation of vious forms of nda! and elective inter ‘envons in ature which depend upen these representations and Interpreations. Separate anaes ate hus needed he pact Sf profoundly diferent materies ypon she organization of Soci ie and the producon of soley = some of ich hae in external to humanity, that naar eich is rie ni others derive fom humanity andi stom, ad ve an Sign intemal to a paricalar fom of sociey whi they pe spe "There is of course a link between thse dint maeiaises, since hose dere orm human beng were invented ae Teac) upon these drat fom nature. Bu he dif 0

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