DERET TAYLOR DAN DERET MACLAURIN

Misalkan f dapat diturunkan untuk semua ordo pada selang

(a R ,a + R ) dan misalkan
f (x ) =

cn (x a )n

n =0

= c o + c1(x a ) + c 2 (x a )2 + c 3 (x a )3 + c 4 (x a )4 + ...

konvergen pada selang (a R ,a + R ) , maka

f (a) = co
f ' (a)
1!
f ' ' (a)
f ' ' ( x) = 2.1.c2 + 3.2.c3 ( x a) + 4.3.c4 ( x a) 2 + ... f ' ' (a) = 2!c2 c2 =
2!
f ' ' ' (a)
f ' ' ' ( x) = 3.2.1.c3 + 4.3.2.c4 ( x a) + ... f ' ' ' (a) = 3!c3 c3 =
3!
( 4)
f (a)
f ( 4 ) ( x) = 4.3.2.c4 ( x a) + ... f ( 4 ) (a ) = 4!c3 c4 =
4!
( n)
f (a)
cn =
n!

f ( n ) (a)
f ( x) =
( x a) n
n!
n=0
f ' ( x) = c1 + 2c2 ( x a) + 3c3 ( x a) 2 + 4c4 ( x a)3 + ... f ' (a) = 1!c1 c1 =

f (x ) =

n =0

f (n )(a )
(x a )n disebut deret Taylor. Jika a = 0 , maka
n!

f (n )(0)
f (x ) =
x n disebut deret Maclaurin.
n!
n =0

Contoh:
1. Ekspansikan f (x ) = ln x dalam deret Taylor di x = 1 (a = 1),
kemudian tentukan selang konvergensinya
2. Ekspansikan f (x ) = sin x , f (x ) = cos x , f (x ) = e x , f (x ) = ln(1 + x ) , dan
f (x ) = (1 + x )m dalam deret Maclaurin, kemudian tentukan selang
konvergensinya.
Penyelesaian:
1. f (x ) = ln x

f (1) = ln1 = 0
f ' (1)
1
1
f ' (1) = = 1 c1 =
=1
x
1
1!
f ' ' (1)
1
1
1
f ' ' (1) = = 1 c 2 =
=
f ' ' (x ) =
1
2!
2
x2
f ' (x ) =

f ' ' ' (x ) =

f ' ' ' (1) 2 1

2
2
f ' ' ' (1) =
= 2 c3 =
=
=
3
3
3!
3! 3
x
1

1
6
6
f (4)(1) 6
f (4)(1) =
= 6 c 4 =
=
=
4
4
4!
4!
4
1
x

1
1
1
1
f (x ) = (x 1) (x 1)2 + (x 1)3 (x 1)4 + ... = (1)n +1 (x 1)n
2
3
4
n
n =1
1
(1)n +1
cn
n +1
n
= lim
= lim
=1
x 1 < lim
1
n n
n cn +1 n (1)n + 2
n +1
x 1 < 1 1 < x 1 < 1 0 < x < 2, harus di cek untuk x = 0 dan 2 .
f (4)(x ) =

1
1
1
x = 0 f (0) = (1) n +1 (1) n = (1) 2 n +1 = divergen
n
n
n =1
n =1
n =1 n

1
1
konvergen
x = 2 f (2) = (1)n +1 (1)n = (1)n +1
n
n
n =1
n =1
1
1
1
ln x = (x 1) (x 1)2 + (x 1)3 (x 1)4 + ... konvergen pada
2
3
4

selang 0 < x 2

2. f (x ) = sin x
f (0) = sin 0 = 0
f ' (0)
=1
1!
f ' ' (0)
=0
f ' ' (x ) = sin x f ' ' (0) = sin 0 = 0 c 2 =
2!
1
f ' ' ' (0)
=
f ' ' ' (x ) = cos x f ' ' ' (0) = cos 0 = 1 c 3 =
3!
3!
(
4
)
f (0) 0
=
=0
f (4)(x ) = sin x f (4)(0) = sin 0 = 0 c 4 =
4!
4!

1
1
1
1
f (x ) = x x 3 + x 5 x 7 + ... = (1)n +1
x 2n 1
3!
5!
7!
(2n 1)!
n =1
1
(1) n +1
c
(2n + 1)!
(2n 1)!
x < lim n = lim
= lim
= lim 2n(2n + 1) =
n c
n
n ( 2n 1)!
n
1
n+2
n +1
(1)
(2(n + 1) 1)!
f ' (x ) = cos x f ' (0) = cos 0 = 1 c1 =

sin x = x

1 3 1 5 1 7
x + x x + ... konvergen untuk semua x
3!
5!
7!

f (x ) = cos x
f (0 ) = cos 0 = 1
f ' (0 )
=0
1!
f ' ' (0 )
1
f ' ' ( x ) = cos x f ' ' (0 ) = cos 0 = 1 c 2 =
=
2!
2!
f ' ' ' (0 )
f ' ' ' ( x ) = sin x f ' ' ' (0 ) = sin 0 = 0 c 3 =
=0
3!
f (4 )(0 ) 1
=
0
f (4 )( x ) = cos x f (4 )(0 ) = cos 0 = 1 c 4 =
4!
4!

1
1
1
1
f ( x ) = 1 x 2 + x 4 x 6 + ... = ( 1)n
x 2n
2!
4!
6!
(2n )!
n =0
1
(1)n
cn
(2n + 2)!
(2n )!
x < lim
= lim
= lim
= lim (2n + 1)(2n + 2) =
1
n cn +1 n (1)n +1
n (2n )!
n
(2(n + 1))!
f ' ( x ) = sin x f ' (0 ) = sin 0 = 0 c1 =

cos x = 1

1 2 1 4 1 6
x + x x + ... konvergen untuk semua x
2!
4!
6!

 f (x ) = e x
f (0) = e 0 = 1
f ' (0)
=1
1!
f ' ' (0) 1
f ' ' (x ) = e x f ' ' (0) = e 0 = 1 c 2 =
=
2!
2!
f ' ' ' (0) 1
f ' ' ' (x ) = e x f ' ' ' (0) = e 0 = 1 c 3 =
=
3!
3!
f (4)(0) 1
=
f (4)(x ) = e x f (4)(0) = e 0 = 1 c 4 =
4!
4!
1
1
1
1
f (x ) = 1 + x + x 2 + x 3 + x 4 + ... =
xn
n!
4!
3!
2!
n =0
f ' (x ) = e x f ' (0) = e 0 = 1 c1 =

1
cn
(n + 1)!
n!
x < lim
= lim
= lim
= lim (n + 1) =
n cn +1 n 1
n n !
n
(n + 1)!
1
1
1
e x = 1 + x + x 2 + x 3 + x 4 + ... konvergen untuk semua x
2!
3!
4!
f (x ) = ln(x + 1)

Dari soal 1, ekspansi f (y ) = ln y dalam deret Taylor di y = 1 .

ln y = (y 1)

1
1
1
(y 1)2 + (y 1)3 (y 1)4 + ... konvergen pada
2
3
4

selang 0 < y 2 .
Misalkan y = x + 1 , jika y = 1 , maka x = 0 , sehingga:
ln(x + 1) = x

1 2 1 3 1 4
x + x x + ... konvergen pada selang
2
3
4

0 < x + 1 2 atau 1 < x 1

 f (x ) = e x
f (0) = e 0 = 1
f ' (0)
=1
1!
f ' ' (0) 1
f ' ' (x ) = e x f ' ' (0) = e 0 = 1 c 2 =
=
2!
2!
f ' ' ' (0) 1
f ' ' ' (x ) = e x f ' ' ' (0) = e 0 = 1 c 3 =
=
3!
3!
(
4
)
f (0) 1
f (4)(x ) = e x f (4)(0) = e 0 = 1 c 4 =
=
4!
4!
1
1
1
1
f (x ) = 1 + x + x 2 + x 3 + x 4 + ... =
xn
n!
4!
3!
2!
n =0
f ' (x ) = e x f ' (0) = e 0 = 1 c1 =

1
(n + 1)!
n!
x < lim
= lim
= lim
= lim (n + 1) =
n cn +1 n 1
n n !
n
(n + 1)!
1
1
1
e x = 1 + x + x 2 + x 3 + x 4 + ... konvergen untuk semua x
2!
3!
4!
cn

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