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0NIBAB Iv.

ESENCIA Y EXISTENCIA BE LA EB0CACI0N

3 uL ulClLM88L uL 2011

uuLCL 8CSA8lC CAMA8lLLC lLC8LS



LSLNCIA LkIS1LNCIA DL LA LDUCACICN

LDUCA8ILIDAD
9CSl8lLluAu vlA8lLluAu uLL 98CCLSC LuuCA1lvC ?AllnAClCn uL LA LuuCAClCn lAC1l8LL ? CA1LCC8lA PuMAnA 9C8 CuL
LL PCM88L LS SCClA8LL PlS1C8lCC 9L8lLC1l8LL ? LuuCA8LL
CCn!un1C uL ulS9CClSlCnLS ?
CA9ACluAuLS uLL LuuCAnuC
9L8Ml1L 8LCl8l8 lnlLuLnClAS ?
8LACClCnLS CCn LC CuL LLA8C8A
nuLvAS LS18uC1u8AS LS9l8l1uALLS
CuL LL 9L8SCnALlZAn ? SCClALlZAn
A8lS1C1LLLS LA LuuCA8lLluAu LS LA
9C1LnClA LL 9CuL8 SL8 LuuCAuC
LL PCM88L uL8L 8LALlZA8SL LA
LuuCA8lLluAu LS un 9CuL8 SL8
unA LS9L8AnZA uL ACL8CA8SL AL
uL8L8 SL8" unA Au1CLxlCLnClA
uL 9L8lLCClCn ? unA 8SCuLuA
uL Sl MlSMC ML!C8
CA8AC1L8lS1lCAS
O 9L8SCnAL LxlCLnClA lnulvluuAL lnALlLnA8LL L l88LnunClA8LL LS un uL8LCPC LxlS1Ln1L 8LAL
O ln1LnClCnAL LL Su!L1C LS uuLRC uL Sl MlSMC CA9ACluAu uL SA8L8 PAClA uCnuL SL ul8l!L LS 1LCLCClCA
O ulnMlCA 8LALlZAClCn uLL 98CC8AMA LxlS1LnClAL uL CAuA PCM88L Su9CnL AC1lvluAu ? uC1AClCn uL
9C1LnClALluAuLS CuL 8uSCAn 9ASA8 AL AC1C
O nLCLSA8lA Sln LLLA LL PCM88L SL vL8lA SL vL8lA 98lvAuC uL Au1C88LALlZAClCn 9L8SCnALlZAClCn ? SCClALlZAClCn
8CuSSLAu LuuCAClCn uL LA nA1u8ALLZA uLL PCM88L ? uL LAS CCSAS
LVCLUCICN nIS1CkICA DLL CCNCL1C DL LDUCA8ILIDAD












PL88A81
CCnCL91C CLAvL
Ln ClLnClAS uL LA
LuuCAClCn
8LMAn vCLun1Au
1CnC PuMAnC uLL
98CCLSC
LuuCA1lvC
LxlCLnClA uLL SL8
PuMAnC A
uLSA88CLLA8SL
LuuCAClCn
1LC8lA
nA1u8ALlS1A
8CuSSLAu
CA9ACluAu ?
LxlCLnClA uL
Au1Cul8lCl8 LL
9L8lLCClCnAMlLn1C
18LS LuuCAClCnLS
nA1u8ALLZA PCM88LS ? CCSAS
9LAS1lCluAu ? uuC1lLluAu"
LuuCA8lLluAu LvCLu1lvA LDUCA8ILIDAD DL VCLUN1AD
8ASL DL LA LDUCACICN MCkAL
CCnZALLZ ALvA8LZ
9ALAClCS
PA8l1uAClCn C
CA9ACluAu uL
AuCulSlClCn uL
P8l1CS
MCulllCAClCn ACCluLn1AL
9L8lLC1lvA uL LAS lACuL1AuLS uLL
PCM88L







AN1kCCLCGIA LDUCA8ILIDAD

LL SLk DLL nCM8kL
LS LDUCA8LL
9uLuL Au1C88LALlZA8SL
Ll8L81Au LL MlSMC
AU1CkkLALI2ACICN
lnulvluuC (9L8SCnALlZAClCn)
MlLM88C uL SCClLuAu
(SCClALlZAClCn)
CCMunlCAClCn
SA8L8
8LLAClCn 9L8SCnAL
C8LA8 ? 8LCl8l8 CuL1u8A
CCMunlCA8lLluAu uL
LCS SA8L8LS
CClnCluLnClA uL MALS18C
ALuMnC
PCM88L CA9AZ uL
A98LnulZA!L
LSCCLA8 ? CCM9C81AMlLn1C
PL8LnClA ? MLulC AM8lLn1L
9lACL1
ASlMlLAClCn
ACCMCuAClCn ?
AuA91AClCn
A98LnulZA!L
Lx9L8lLnClA
SlCnlllCAuC uL LAS
CCSAS
Ll88L uLSlClCn
1PC8ulkl ?
uLWL?
PA8l1uAClCn ?
AuCulSlClClCn uL
P8l1CS Ln LL 98CCLSC
LuuCA1lvC
P nCPL
LxlS1LnClA AnlMlCA uLL PCM88L LS18uC1u8AL"
LA LuuCAClCn uL8L CCnCCL8 LL uLSA88CLLC uL
CAuA CA9A 9A8A lnlLul8 uL MCuC CL81L8C

PCM88L ALMA ? CuL89C
An18C9CLCClA unluAu uLL SL8 PuMAnC
PCM88LSL8 8lCLCClA 8lCCulMlCA llSlCA ? LS9l8l1u nA1u8ALLZA
LL CuL89C 98LS1A AL LS9l8l1u 9lLS ? MAnCS C!CS ? CluCS ? CLnuuLAS LL LS9l8l1u 98LS1A AL CuL89C LL P8l1C LA
lnMA1L8lALluAu LCS luLALLS LA ln1L8lC8luAu LA 8LLAClCn 18ASCLnuLn1L
SAn ACuS1ln CCMunlCA8A Su 9LnSAMlLn1C SC88L LC PuMAnC CuL89C ALMA ? LS9l8l1u
MAx SCPLLL8 SL8 9SlCCllSlCC CuA18C L1A9AS uL vluA lM9uLCS AlLC1lvC uL LA 9LAn1A LL lnS1ln1C uLL AnlMAL LA
MLMC8lA ASCClA1lvA uL ALCunCS AnlMALLS ? LA ln1LLlCLnClA 98C1lCA uL LCS AnlMALLS Su9L8lC8LS
LSLnClA uLL PCM88L LS1A 9C8 LnClMA uL LA ln1LLlCLnClA ? lACuL1Au uL LLLCl8LC CuL PACL uLL PCM88L un PCM88L
LS un 98lnCl9lC LLAMAuC 8AZCn"
LS9l8l1u 9L8SCnA LL CLn18C AC1lvC Ln LL CuL LL LS9l8l1u SL MAnlllLS1A uLn18C uL LAS LSlL8AS uLL lnllnl1C
CA8AC1L8lS1lCAS uLL LS9l8l1u C9CSlClCn A 1CuA vluA Ln CLnL8AL lnCLuSlCn uLL CCnCL91C uL 8AZCn ln1ulClCn uL
LAS LSLnClAS AC1CS LMCClCnALLS AC1CS vCLl1lvCS Su CLn18C AC1lvC LS LA 9L8SCnA
CuALluAuLS uLL LS9l8l1u Ll8L81Au C Au1CnCMlA LxlS1LnClAL l8Ln1L A LCS LAZCS ? LA 98LSlCn uL LC C8CAnlCC
A9L81u8A uLL MunuC C8!L1lvluAu ? 9CSl8lLluAu uL SL8 uL1L8MlnAuC 9C8 LA MAnL8A uL SL8 uL LCS C8!L1CS MlSMCS
CCnvL8SlCn uLL MLulC AM8lLn1L Ln LL MunuC CCnClLnClA uL Sl MlSMC lnCA9ACluAu uL SL8 C8!L1C AC1uALluAu
9u8A 8LALlZAClCn CCn1lnuA uL Sl MlSMC CCnCClMlLn1C luLA1C8lC uL LAS LSLnClAS
LS9l8l1u Lx9LlCAClCn Su98LMA uL LuuCA8lLluAu 9C8 CuL 9A8A 9CuL8 SL8 LuuCAuC SL nLCLSl1A nC LS1A8 LlS1C uL
An1LMAnC" nl LS1A8 uL1L8MlnAuC LA LuuCAClCn 9L81LnLCL AL SL8 lC8MAL uLL LS9l8l1u
LA LuuCA8lLluAu LS1A unAuA AL LS9l8l1u LuuCA8lLluAu LS LL Lx9CnLn1L MxlMC uLL SL8 PuMAnC CA9ACluAu uL
MCvlMlLn1C ln1L8lC8 uL LA 9L8SCnA CuL SL CCnCulS1A ? 9L8lLCClCnA"
LL PCM88L LS LuuCA8LL 9C8 CuL LS Su!L1C ? ACLn1L 9C8 CuL LA LuuCAClCn SL lnSL81A Ln LL LuuCAnuC Ln LL MunuC
? LS CA9AZ uL ClvlLluAu
LA LuuCA8lLluAu SL lunuAMLn1A Ln LA 9CSl8lLluAu uLL LS9l8l1u uL AC1uA8 ? C9L8A8 ? LSAS C9L8AClCnLS SCn LA
LSLnClA uLL 98CCLSC LuuCA1lvC
LA 98lML8A C9L8AClCn uLL LS9l8l1u LS LL Au1CCCnCClMlLn1C C LA CA9ACluAu 8LlLLxlvA
LA C9L8AClCn 98C9lA uLL LS9l8l1u SCn LCS AC1CS LMCClCnALLS uCnuL LL LS9l8l1u SL 9C1LnClA SLn1lMlLn1CS
Su98AlnulvluuALLS SLn1lMlLn1CS LS9l8l1uALLS
Au1CuLSlClCn C CA9ACluAu uL LA Ll88L LLLCClCn LS LA MAnL8A uL Au1C88LALlZAClCn uLL PCM88L
LL PCM88L LS un SL8 CCn ? Ln MLulC uL C18CS MAnL8A uL L!L8CL8 Su 9CSl8lLluAu uL A9L81u8A
PCM88L CA9ACluAu uL CCnvlvl8 1A8LAS LuuCA1lvAS SCClALlZAuC8AS
LxlS1LnClALlS1AS LnCuLn18C CCn LL C18C LL A98LnuL8 A 8LS9L1A8LL ? AuMl8A8LL SLn1lMlLn1C uL LA CCC9L8AClCn
98L9A8AClCn 9A8A LL Ln1LnulMlLn1C CCMunl1A8lC ? uSC uLL C8u9C CCMC MLulC CCMunlCA1lvC
LL SLk 1LMCkAL DLL nCM8kL LA LDUCACICN
1LM9C8ALluAu vlvLnClA CuL LL PCM88L 1lLnL uL LA CCn1lnCLnClA uLL 8l1MC CAM8lAn1L uL LCS SL8LS 9L8LCLuL8CS ?
LCS 98C8LLMAS CuL SCn lnPL8Ln1LS A LS1A CAuuCluAu

CCnulClCnLS uL 1LM9C8ALluAu
-CCnClLnClA uL CAuuCluAu vlvLnClA uLL 1lLM9C nC LS unA lC8MA 9u8A A98lC8l
-Au1C88LlLLxlCn MLZCLA uL CCnCClMlLn1C ? AlLC1lvluAu SA8L8 SLn1l8 CCnCCL8 ? vlvl8
-MunuAnluAu C 9L81LnLnClA A un SlS1LMA uL 8LALluAuLS AMLnAZAuAS 9C8 LA uLS18uCClCn
-PlS1C8lCluAu C Su!LClCn A LCS vAlvLnLS uL LA ClvlLlZAClCn
1LM9C8ALluAu ? 18ASCLnuLnClA
-8lCLCClCAMLn1L LA 1LM9C8ALluAu LS un CAMlnC PAClA LA MAuu8LZ
-LL 98C8LLMA uL LA 1LM9C8ALluAu 9uLuL 1LnL8 uCS SALluA LA LllML8A uL LA ln18ASCLnuLnClA C LA !u8lLCSA uL LA
18ASCLnuLnClA
-LL SlCnC uL LA 1LM9C8ALluAu LS 9CSl1lvC CuAnuC 1lLnL L1L8nluAu ? LS9L8AnZA
-C MA8LLL LL uLS1lnC uL1lMC uLL PCM88L CuAnuC CLSA uL LA vluA Ln LL 1lLM9C LS LA L1L8nluAu
1LM9C8ALluAu ACuS1lAnA
-SAn ACuS1ln ALMA 8AClCnAL CuL uSA uLL CuL89C MC81AL ? 1L88LnC Ln CCnSCnAnClA CCn Su 1LC8lA uL uSA8 ? CCZA8
-9LA1CnlSMC ? C8lS1lAnlSMC uuALlSMC 9LA1CnlCC ? AL Ml1C
-1LM9C8ALluAuLS 9A8A LL C8lS9C uL Pl9CnA nAClMlLn1C MuL81L 8LS8ALCn ? lLuLnClA SL8 uL LA nAuA PAClA LA nAuA C
A98CxlMAClCn A LA nAuA
1LM9C8ALluAu Ln LA llLCSCllA CCn1LM9C8nLA
C uP1PL? CCn Su PlS1C8lCluAu P 8L8CSCn CCn Su lM9uLSC vl1AL CLluLCCL8 ? Su
LxlS1LnClALlSMC CCn Su SL8 ? 1lLM9C Zu8l8l M CCn Su SLn1lMlLn1C 18ClCC uL LA vluA











LA LDUCACICN LN LL AC 2000



CuALluAuLS uLL 98ClLSC8 lnCLnlL8CS uL
LA lnlC8MAClCn LLA8C8A8 nuLvCS
ML1CuCS uL A98LnulZA!L SL8
CCnSL!L8CS uLL A98LnulZA!L CA9ACluAu
uL LM9A1lA ? CCMunlCAClCn A8lL81C A
lnnCvAClCnLS ClLn1lllCAS ? 9LuACCClCAS
9A8A ln1LC8A8LAS A Su 1A8LA LuuCA1lvA
LSCuLLA LnlASlS Ln LL
A98LnulZA!L
A98CvLCPAMlLn1C uL
AuLLAn1CS 1LCnlCCS
A98LnulZA!L uL LAS
MA1LM1lCAS
Lx9L8lMLn1AClCn ?
C8SL8vAClCn uL LAS ClLnClAS
lulCMAS Lx18An!L8CS LLnCuA
MA1L8nA Lx98LSlCn 9LS1lCA
lu1u8C uL LA LuuCAClCn
8lCCuMlCA ?
nLC8CllSlCLCClA 98LvLn
MAnl9uLAClCn uL ClL81A
CCnuuC1A uLL PCM88L
LnlCCA8 LuuCA1lvAMLn1L
LL lu1u8C
1 98lvA8 AL LuuCAnuC uL
Su Ll8L81Au nLCLSluAu
2 PCM88L Ll88L LL
8LS9L1C A LA Ll8L81Au
LS18uC1u8A Ln1A1lvA uL LA
LuuCAClCn
1 Ln1L LuuCA1lvC
2LxlS1LnClA uL LA LuuCAClCn
3 LSLnClA uL LA LuuCAClCn
4CCn1Lx1u8A uL LA LSLnClA ?
LxlS1LnClA uLL Ln1L LuuCA1lvC
SL8 ln1LC8AuC 9C8 LSLnClA
(SL8) ? LxlS1LnClA (8LALluAu
uL LA LSLnClA)
LA LuuCAClCn LS unA
8LALluAu CuL SCLC SL uA Ln
LCS PCM88LS
LL nCM8kL CCMC SCCk1L DL LA LDUCACICN
nCM8kL Ck1ADCk DL LA LDUCACICN AkA CDLkLA CCNCL8Ik

LS1kUC1UkA LSLNCIAL DL LA LDUCACICN
CCnSlS1L Ln LAS MCulllCAClCnLS 9L8lLC1lvAS AuCul8luAS 9C8 LL PCM88L Ln Su
uLSA88CLLC
LA LuuCAClCn MS CuL un SL8 LS un PA8L8
LA LuuCAClCn CCnSlS1L Ln CuALluAuLS 9L8lLC1lvAS LA LuuCAClCn LS un PA8L8
9L8lLC1lvC uLL PCM88L
CuALluAuLS P8l1C ulS9CSlClCn 9C1LnClA L lM9C1LnClA 9ASlCn ? CuALluAu 9CSl8LL
lC8MA ? llCu8A
P8l1C CuALluAu 9C8 LA CuAL LL Su!L1C SL ulS9CnL 8lLn C MAL Ln LL AC1uA8 C Ln LL
SL8
P8l1CS Ln1A1lvCS ? C9L8A1lvCS (uL1L8MlnAClCn Ln LL C8uLn uL LA AC1lvluAu)
P8l1CS uL nA1u8ALLZA LS9l8l1uAL (vl81uuLS) ClLnClA SA8luu8lA A81L 98uuLnClA
P8l1CS MC8ALLS (vCLun1Au) 98uuLnClA !uS1lClA lC81ALLZA 1LM9LAnZA
LCS P8l1CS SL lC8MAn 9C8 Ln18LnAMlLn1C ? SL ul8lCLn A un lln CCnC8L1C
CCS1uM88LS 8L9L1lClCn SLnClLLA ? nC SlLM98L CAuSAn 9L8lLCClCnAMlLn1C Ln LAS
lC8MAS uL vluA
LCS P8l1CS SL 8LALlZAn Sln 98LvlA 8LCA9ACl1AClCn Sln l8ACMLn1A8 LA ACClCn
MLulAn1L C9L8AClCnLS 9A81lCuLA8LS Sln 18AZA8 un LSCuLMA 9A8A LA L!LCuClCn uL
LA AC1lvluAu

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-9A8A LA AuCulSlClCn
uL P8l1CS LS
lnulS9LnSA8LL
uLS9L81A8 LL ln1L8LS
AC1lvC
-LL A98LnulZA!L uL8L
ll!A8 Ln LA MLMC8lA
LCS llnLS
CCnulClCnLS 8LCLAS
uL L!LCuClCn uL LA
1A8LA 9C8 8LALlZA8
ll8MLMLn1L
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ACClCnLS
CCnS1l1u?Ln LA 8ASL
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-LAS CA9AClAuLS SCn
LAS luL8ZAS
9SlCulCAS uL LA
9L8SCnALluAu uCnuL
98CCLuL LA
AC1lvluAu Ln
MuL1l9LLS lC8MAS ?
SCn uL nA1u8ALLZA
LS9l8l1uAL
(Ln1LnulMlLn1C ?
vCLun1Au)
nA1u8ALLZA
C8CAnlCA ( SLn1luCS
ln1L8nCS ?
Lx1L8nCS)
-LAS CA9ACluAuLS SL
uLSA88CLLAn
MLulAn1L LL
CCnCClMlLn1C LCS
P8l1CS ?
PA8lLluAuLS
A
C
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-LS1AuCS MLn1ALLS ?
LMCClCnALLS
MLulAn1L LCS CuALLS
LL Su!L1C SL AuA91A
An1L Sl1uAClCnLS
uAuAS
-9uLuLn SL8
CCnSluL8AuAS CCMC
ulS9CSlClCnLS uLL
lnulvluuC 9A8A
8LACClCnA8 9CSl1lvA
C nLCA1lvAMLn1L
PAClA un LS1lMuLC
-ul8lCl8 AL LuuCAnuC
A LA lC8MAClCn uL
SuS AC1l1uuLS 9A8A
LA 8LALlZAClCn uL LC
MC8AL LC LS1L1lCC
LCCnCMlCC 9CLl1lCC
? SCClAL
P
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-uLS18LZA 9A8A
L!LCu1A8 un
AC1lvluAu SLA
ln1LLLC1uAL
LS1L1lCA SCClAL
MAnuAL
-SL AuCulL8L
MLulAn1L LL
L!L8ClClC uL
AC1lvluAuLS 98C9lAS
LS lunuAMLn1AL
9A8A LA LuuCAClCn
-LA PA8lLluAu ? LL
P8l1C SCnLA 8ASL
9A8A LL uLSA88CLLC
uL LAS CA9ACluAuLS
uLL PCM88L
-SL 98L1LnuL LnSLRA8
PAClLnuC
-uLSA88CLLC uL
CA9ACluAuLS 9A8A
CuL LL PCM88L SL
8LALlCL 9LLnAMLn1L
uLSCu88lLnuC 1CuAS
SuS 9CSl8lLluAuLS
CkGANI2ACICN DL LAS NACICNLS UNIDAS AkA LA LDUCACICN LA CILNCIA LA CUL1UkA

LCS SIL1L SA8LkLS NLCLSAkICS AkA LA LDUCACICN DLL IU1UkC
LDGAk MCkIN
LA LuuCAClCn 9L8MAnLCL ClLCA An1L LC CuL LS LL CCnCClMlLn1C PuMAnC
LA L1lCA uL8L lC8MA8SL Ln LAS MLn1LS A 9A81l8 uL LA CCnClLnClA uL CuL LL PuMAnC LS AL MlSMC 1lLM9C lnulvluuC
1CuC uLSA88CLLC PuMAnC uL8L CCM98LnuL8 LL uLSA88CLLC CCn!un1C uL Au1CnCMlAS lnulvluuALLS uL LAS
9A81lCl9AClCnLS CCMunl1A8lAS ? uL CCnClLnClA uL 9L81LnLCL8 A LA LS9LClL PuMAnA
LS1A8LLCL8 unA 8LLAClCn uL CCn18CL Mu1uC Ln18L LA SCClLuAu ? LCS lnulvluuCS 9C8 MLulC uL LA uLMCC8AClA ?
CCnCL8l8 LA PuMAnluAu CCMC CCMunluAu 9LAnL1A8lA
LA LuuCAClCn uL8L CCn18l8ul8 A unA 1CMA uL CCnClLnClA uL nuLS18A 1lL88A9A18lA ? 18AuuCl8LA Ln vCLun1Au uL
8LALlZA8 LA CluuAuAnlA