Large High-Speed Ferries

Content
Mercurial Growth in High-Speed Passenger Ferries
The Era of the Hydrofoil MTU Lifts Even the Biggest Hydrofoils out of the Water Catamarans Offer an Alternative Reliability and Availability Mean Satisfied Customers Bigger, Faster, Further From Italy to Sardinia by Aquastrada Typical Examples for Fast Passenger/Car Ferries - Trimaran - Catamaran - Monohull Page 4 5 5 6 6 7 8 9 22

Propulsion Units for Large High-Speed Ferries

All-Diesel Systems (CODAD) Combined Diesel and Gas Turbine Systems (CODAG) Outlook References: Large Fast Ferries with MTU Diesel Engines Certificate: There is No Alternative to Quality 35 37 41 42 43

Mercurial Growth in High-Speed Passenger Ferries

The trend in high-speed passenger ferries is moving towards ever bigger and faster boats for combined transport of passengers and vehicles.
AIthough high-speed ferries have been in use for passenger transport since 1953, it has only been in the last 30 years that the market has witnessed rapid movement towards ever newer and larger designs of vessel. It was the hydrofoils in particular - often the subject of amusement as well as admiration as the oddities of the shipping industry - that set new standards. Only in the last decade have they been pushed out by other types of vessel, catamarans in particular.

The Era of the Hydrofoil

The Sixties were very much the era of the hydrofoil. Most were built in Europe - mainly in Italy and the USSR. But there were a few shipyards in Asia (in Japan and Hong Kong for example) which were involved in development and production. The hydrofoil builders in the former USSR used home-produced engines and designed mainly shallow water vessels for use on rivers and lakes. The Italian hydrofoils on the other hand, most of which were built at the Cantieri Navali Rodriguez shipyard, were all sea-going designs and without exception were powered by MTU 12V 493 engines, at that time the "workhorse" for this type of craft.

Mercurial Growth in High-Speed Passenger Ferries

MTU Lifts Even the Biggest Hydrofoils out of the Water
The biggest hydrofoils were built in 1969 in Norway and had a capacity of 250 passengers and a weight of around 170 tones. They needed two MTU 20V 538 engines to attain a speed of 36 knots. They also required a torque converter developed by MTU for the take-off operation. This particular design marked the pinnacle of hydrofoil development. Operators, however, complained of the high running costs. The cause of what today are referred to as high "life cycle costs" was, however, not so much the power unit but the overall design of those unconventional vessels.

Catamarans Offer an Alternative

When looking for more economical alternatives, Norwegian designers re-discovered the catamaran. The first vessel of this type built in Norway was a high-speed craft with the hull split down its centre line and the two halves joined by a bridge. Once again, it was powered by two 12cylinder Series 493 engines. In the Seventies, the Series 493 engines were gradually superseded by the Series 396.
Austal Ships 40m Sinan Pasa with 2 x 16V 396 engines, top speed 34.5 knots

Mercurial Growth in High-Speed Passenger Ferries

Today, most catamarans in the 40m to 50m class are fitted with twin or quadruple 16V 396 or 16V 4000 engines. Depending on weight and size, the 4,000 kW or 9,280 kW of power those engines provide enable them to achieve operating speeds from approx. 30 to 40 knots.

Fjellstrand 51m Halunder Jet with 4 x 12V 4000 engines, top speed 33.4 knots

Reliability and Availability Mean Satisfied Customers

MTU has always paid special attention to the high-speed ferries market sector. Engines have been continually improved on the basis of analyses of operating data in order to satisfy the demands of the operators with regard to reliability and availability. Today, there are more than 1,500 Series 396 and 4000 engines in use in high-speed ferries around the world.

Bigger, Faster, Further

The last eight years have seen the emergence of even bigger ferries. They are designed as sea-going vessels for use on longer routes and are capable of carrying not only passengers but also cars, trucks and coaches. The leaders in the development of this new generation of ferries are the Australian shipyards producing catamarans from 74m up to 112m. Even 126m trimarans are available. Other shipyards have concentrated on monohulls up to a length of 146m. Speed target of most ferries is at approx. 40 knots.
6

Mercurial Growth in High-Speed Passenger Ferries

From Italy to Sardinia by "Aquastrada
In the summer of 1994, the first "Aquastrada" class ferry, the "Guizzo", started scheduled service between Italy and Sardinia. The slim, 101m monohull design is powered by an MTU combined diesel and gas turbine propulsion system. Apart from the diesel engines, MTU also supplied the General Electric gas turbines and all accessories. This year, the "Guizzo" and its sister ship, the "Scatto", will continue to ply between the Italian mainland and Sardinia. For the sun seeking tourists, these two ferries shorten the crossing to only a few hours. And they don't have to leave their cars behind either because Aquastrada class ferries not only have space for 450 passengers but for around 150 cars as well. From the small hydrofoil to the catamaran and ultimately the superfast jumbo ferry, the developments over the past 30 years have been impressive and MTU is proud to have been part of them. And the Friedrichshafen engine manufacturers are determined to continue to be involved in shaping future developments with new ideas and products which will meet the demands and expectations of shipbuilders and operators.

Rodriquez 101m Guizzo with 2 x 16V 595 engines and 1 x LM2500 gas turbine, top speed 40 knots

Fast Passenger/Car Ferry (Trimaran)

Benchijigua Express

Length: Speed: Passengers/Cars: Propulsion: Power:

127m 40.5 knots 1290/340 4 x 20V 8000 4 x 9100 kW

Shipyard: Austal Ships, Australia Operator/Country: Fred. Olsen, Spain

Fast Passenger/Car Ferry (Catamaran)

Pacificat Explorer

Length: Speed: Passengers/Cars: Propulsion: Power:

122m 37 knots 1000/250 4 x 20V 1163 4 x 6500 kW

Shipyard: Catamaran Ferries International Vancouver, Canada Operator/Country: Washington Marine Group, Canada

Fast Passenger/Car Ferry (Catamaran)

Alakai

Length: Speed: Passengers/Cars: Propulsion: Power:

107m 35 knots 866/282 4 x 20V 8000 4 x 8200 kW

Shipyard: Austal, USA Operator/Country: Hawaii Superferry

10

Fast Passenger/Car Ferry (Catamaran)

Osman Gazi I

Length: Speed: Passengers/Cars: Propulsion: Power:

88m 36 knots 1200/225 4 x 20V 8000 4 x 7200 kW

Shipyard: Austal, Australia Operator/Country: Istanbul Deniz Otobusleri, Turkey

11

Fast Passenger/Car Ferry (Catamaran)

Tanger Jet II

Length: Speed: Passengers/Cars: Propulsion: Power:

87m 45 knots 900/238 4 x 20V 8000 4 x 8200 kW

Shipyard: Austal Ships, Australia Operator/Country: Frde Reederei Seetouristik, Flensburg, Germany

12

Fast Passenger/Car Ferry (Catamaran)

Adnan Menderes

Length: 86m Speed: 37 knots Passengers/Cars: 800/200 Propulsion: 4 x 20V 1163 Power: 4 x 6500 kW Shipyard: Austal Ships, Australia Operator/Country: Istanbul Deniz Otobusleri, Turkey

13

Fast Passenger/Car Ferry (Catamaran)

Almottahedah-1

Length: 82m Speed: 36 knots Passengers/Cars: 600/175 Propulsion: 4 x 20V 1163 Power: 4 x 6000 kW Shipyard: Owner/Country: Austal Ships, Australia United Company for Marine Lines, Saudi Arabia

14

Fast Passenger/Car Ferry (Catamaran)

Tallink AutoExpress 2

Length: Speed: Passengers/Cars: Propulsion: Power:

82m 38 knots 700/175 4 x 20V 1163 4 x 6000 kW

Shipyard: Austal Ships, Australia Operator/Country: Tallink, Estonia

15

Fast Passenger/Car Ferry (Catamaran)

Avemar Dos

Length: Speed: Passengers/Cars: Propulsion: Power:

82m 41 knots 900/175 4 x 20V 1163 4 x 6500 kW

Shipyard: Austal Ships, Australia Operator/Country: Buquebus, Spain

16

Fast Passenger/Car Ferry (Catamaran)

Croazia Jet

Length: Speed: Passengers/Cars: Propulsion: Power:

82m 36 knots 650/156 4 x 20V 1163 4 x 6000 kW

Shipyard: Austal Ships, Australia Operator/Country: SNAV SeaContainers, Italy

17

Fast Passenger/Car Ferry (Catamaran)

Fairweather

Length: Speed: Passengers/Cars: Propulsion: Power:

72m 38 knots 263/68 4 x 16V 595 4 x 3600 kW

Shipyard: Derecktor Shipyards, USA Operator/Country: Alaska Marine Highway Systems, USA

18

Fast Passenger/Car Ferry (Catamaran)

Maria Dolores

Length: Speed: Passengers/Cars: Propulsion: Power:

68m 36 knots 600/65 6 x 16V 4000 6 x 2465 kW

Shipyard: Austal, Australia Operator/Country: Virtu Ferries, Malta

19

Fast Passenger/Car Ferry (Catamaran)

Turgut Reis I

Length: Speed: Passengers/Cars: Propulsion: Power:

60m 34 knots 450/94 2 x 20V 1163 2 x 6500 kW

Shipyard: Austal Ships, Australia Operator/Country: Istanbul Deniz Otobusleri (IDO), Turkey

20

Fast Passenger/Car Ferry (Catamaran)

Tanger Jet

Length: Speed: Passengers/Cars: Propulsion: Power:

60m 33 knots 572/58 2 x 20V 1163 2 x 5400 kW

Shipyard: Fjellstrand, Norway Operator/Country: Frde Reederei Seetouristik, Germany

21

Fast Passenger/Car Ferry (Monohull)

Taurus

Length: 146m Speed: 40 knots Passengers/Cars: 1800/460 Propulsion: 4 x 20V 1163 Power: 4 x 6700 kW Gas Turbine: 2 x LM2500 2 x 21000 kW

Shipyard: CNI Fincantieri, Italy Operator/Country: Tirrenia di Navigazione, Italy

22

Fast Passenger/Car Ferry (Monohull)

Red Sea I

Length: 140m Speed: 42 knots Passengers/Cars: 1742/442 Propulsion: 2 x 20V 8000 Power: 2 x 6500 kW Gas Turbine: 2 x LM2500+ 2 x 25000 kW

Shipyard: Alstom Leroux Naval, St. Nazaire, France Operator/Country: Namma Lines, Greece
23

Fast Passenger/Car Ferry (Monohull)

NGV Liamone

Length: 134m Speed: 42 knots Passengers/Cars: 1000/250 Propulsion: 2 x 20V 1163 Power: 2 x 6500 kW Gas Turbine: 2 x LM2500+ 2 x 25000 kW

Shipyard: Alstom Leroux Naval, St. Nazaire, France Operator/Country: Socit Nationale Maritime Corse-Mediterrane (SNCM), Marseille, France
24

Fast Passenger/Car Ferry (Monohull)

Sardinia Express

Length: Speed: Passengers/Cars: Propulsion: Power:

103m 37 knots 535/150 4 x 20V 1163 4 x 6000 kW

Shipyard: Rodriquez, Italy Operator/Country: Corsica Ferries, Italy

25

Fast Passenger/Car Ferry (Monohull)

Red Sea II

Length: Speed: Passengers/Cars: Propulsion: Power:

102m 37 knots 500/148 4 x 20V 1163 4 x 6500 kW

Shipyard: Alstom Leroux Naval, St. Nazaire, France Operator/Country: Namma Lines, Greece

26

Fast Passenger/Car Ferry (Monohull)

Guizzo

Length: Speed: Passengers/Cars: Propulsion: Power: Gas Turbine:

102m 40 knots 450/127 2 x 16V 595 2 x 3565 kW 1 x LM 2500 1 x 20800 kW

Shipyard: Rodriquez, Italy Operator/Country: Siremar, Italy

27

Fast Passenger/Car Ferry (Monohull)

Unicorn

Length: 101m Speed: 42 knots Passengers/Cars: 423/106 Propulsion: 4 x 20V 1163 Power: 4 x 6500 kW Shipyard: Owner/Country: Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI), Japan HIGASHINIHON-FERRY CO., Japan

28

Fast Passenger/Car Ferry (Monohull)

Scatto

Length: 101m Speed: 44 knots Passengers/Cars: 450/126 Propulsion: 2 x 16V 595 Power: 2 x 3565 kW Gas Turbine: 1 x LM 2500 1 x 20800 kW

Shipyard: Rodriquez, Italy Operator/Country: Tirrenia di Navigazione, Italy

29

Fast Passenger/Car Ferry (Monohull)

Jet Ferry 1

Length: Speed: Passengers/Cars: Propulsion: Power:

95m 32 knots 600/160 4 x 20V 1163 4 x 6000 kW

Shipyard: Mjellem & Karlsen, Norway Operator/Country: GA Ferries, Greece

30

Fast Passenger/Car Ferry (Monohull)

Queen Nefertiti

Length: Speed: Passengers/Cars: Propulsion: Power:

95m 36 knots 580/130 4 x 20V 1163 4 x 6500 kW

Shipyard: CNI Fincantieri, Italy Operator/Country: Arab Bridge Maritime Co, Jordan

31

Fast Passenger/Car Ferry (Monohull)

Speedrunner 2

Length: Speed: Passengers/Cars: Propulsion: Power:

95m 36 knots 580/173 4 x 20V 1163 4 x 6000 kW

Shipyard: CNI Fincantieri, Italy Operator/Country: Aegean Speed Lines, Greece

32

Fast Passenger/Car Ferry (Monohull)

The Princess

Length: Speed: Passengers/Cars: Propulsion: Power:

84m 35 knots 654/86 4 x 16V 595 4 x 3925 kW

Shipyard: Rodriquez, Italy Operator/Country: Arab Bridge Maritime Co, Jordan

33

Propulsion Units for Large High-Speed Ferries

By the engine Series 595, 1163 and 8000, MTU offer a range of power units with outputs of up to 9,100 kW whose characteristics make them ideally suited for use in high-speed ferries.
As a result of the desire to be able to transport not only people but vehicles as well, the start of the Nineties saw increasingly lively demand for bigger ferries with lengths of over 75m. While the smaller vessels are normally equipped by two to four engines and a total output of 4,000 kW to 10,000 kW, the big ferries require between 20,000 kW and 36,000 kW and in some cases considerably more. Such demands can be satisfied by the use of powerful diesel engines and/or gas turbines in various propulsion system configurations. In most cases - for reasons of economy - they are all-diesel-systems, an area in which MTU hold a leading position with Series 8000 engines. But MTU's system know-how based on many years of experience can provide solutions for other types of propulsion requirements as well.

Derecktor 72m Fairweather with 4 x 16V 595 engines and a top speed of 38 knots

34

All-Diesel Systems (CODAD Systems)

Of the many possible propulsion system configurations, the two described below are typical examples. All-diesel systems using four engines have established themselves as the most economical alternative for high-speed ferries with speeds up to 45 knots. An all-diesel system has also been fitted in the Tanger Jet II", a 86m catamaran whose 32,800 kW can bring the vessel to a top speed of 45 knots. Each of the engines 20V 8000 drives a steerable waterjet so that each unit is fully independent.

CODAD propulsion of Tanger Jet II: Two engines 20V8000 each per catamaran hull On steerable waterjets

35

CODAD System of trimaran Benchijigua Express

Propulsion: 4 x 20V 8000 with each 9100 kW

36

Combined Diesel and Gas Turbine Systems (CODAG Systems)

Combined systems of this type consisting of an LM2500 gas turbine with an output of 20,800 kW and two diesel engines each producing 3565 kW are fitted in the "Aquastrada I and II" class ferries. These are narrow single-hulled vessels with a length of approximately 102m and are capable of a top speed of 44 knots with all three power units running, i.e. with a total power output of approx. 28,000 kW, while the cruising speed for normal operation is only slightly lower. The advantage of this type of arrangement is that the gas turbine only needs to be used at the top end of the power range where it is at its best while the diesel engines can be used for maneuvering and slow speeds. And during the low season or at night, the two 16V 595s are quite capable of an economical 18 knots.

CODAG propulsion of monohull Aquastrada: Center plant with gas turbine and non-steerable waterjet Two 16V 595 wing plants on steerable waterjets

37

CODAG System of Monohull Corsaire 13000 Liamone

9 12 11 13 10 8 12 7 3 2 5 1 6 13 10 3 4 7 2 1 8 5 11 9

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.

4 2 x MTU 20V 1163 diesel engines 2 x LM 2500+ gas turbine modules 2 x Renk BS 210 reduction gearboxes 2 x ZF BU 5300 reduction gearboxes 5 x ship power units with MTU 12V 183 diesel engines 2 x starter systems for gas turbines 2 x fuel supply units for gas turbines 2 x combustion air noise silencers for gas turbines 2 x combustion air intake filters for gas turbines 2 x cooling air silencers and fans for gas turbines 2 x exhaust gas silencers for gas turbines 2 x exhaust gas silencers for 20V 1163 diesel engines 5 x exhaust gas silencers for 12V 183 diesel engines

5 6

38

CODAG Installation in a 120m Monohull

Propulsion: 2 x 20V 8000 M71L with 9100 kW 1 x MTU LM2500+ Gas Turbine with 26,000 kW Total power: 44,200 kW

39

CODAG Installation in a Catamaran

Possible Arrangement for a 120+ m, 40+ kn Catamaran: 2 x MTU 20V 8000 M71L 2 x MTU/GE LM2500+ Total Power Output: > 70,000 kW ( > 93,000 bhp)

40

Outlook

The transport capacity, vessel length as well as speed and, thus, the power requirements for fast ferries, have increased over the years. Whereas 20,000 kW was adequate in the early '90s, the power required for diesel-driven fast ferries has increased considerably over the last two years. In order to service routes which are of commercial interest, the majority of such vessels in the future will have a length of 90 to 130 m and a service speed of 40 to 45 knots; this will require propulsion power in excess of 35,000 kW. Power plants with four diesels will command a dominating position. Total power of 40,000 kW or more will continue to be provided through power plants with combined diesel engines and gas turbines.

41

References Large Fast Ferries with MTU Diesel Engines (Status: July 2007)
Shipyard/Purchaser Alstom Leroux Naval, France Austal Ships, Australia Austal, USA Catamaran Ferries International, Canada Damen Shipyards, Singapore Derecktor, USA FBM Aboitiz, Philippines Fjellstrand, Norway Fincantieri, Italy Hansa Liising Eesti, Estland Hellenic Seaways, Greece Image Marine, Australia INMA, Italy IHI, Japan IRIS Catamarans, France Kumamoto Dock, Japan Kvrner Fjellstrand, Norway/Singapore Marinteknik Shipbuilding, Singapore Mjellem & Karlsen, Norway Mitsubishi (MHI), Japan New World First Ferries North West Bay Ships, Australia De Poli, Italy Rodriquez, ItalyTokashiki, Japan Total Vessels Series 4000 4 48 2 31 10 2 2 3 6 1 3 2 1 3 2 3 8 2 1 2 2 1 11 150 86 2 23 8 12 4 7* 12 6 32 8 5 24 229 8 32 2 4 + 1* + 1* Series 595 8 Engines Series 1163 10 30 + 6* 14 8 24 Series 8000 2 24 8 + 1*

8 2 8 + 5* 1 + 1* 4 3 4 120 35

150 vessels with 416 engines

*) Spare engines/repowering
42

There is No Alternative to Quality

43

A Tognum Group Company Europe / Middle East / Africa Latin America

MTU Friedrichshafen GmbH 88040 Friedrichshafen Germany Phone +49 7541 90 7003 Fax +49 7541 90 7081 marineregion1@mtu-online.com marineregion1@mtu-online.com www.mtu-online.com

Asia / Australia / Pacific

MTU Asia Pte. Ltd. 1, Benoi PLace Singapore 629923, Republic of Singapore Phone +65 6861 5922 Fax +65 6861 3615 marineregion2@mtu-online.com www.mtu-online.com.sg

USA / Canada / Mexico

MTU Detroit Diesel, Inc. 13400 Outer Drive West Detroit, Michigan 48239 USA Phone +1 313 592 7806 Fax +1 313 592 5137 marineregion3@mtu-online.com www.mtudetroitdiesel.com

Subject to modifications in the interest of technical progress. MIM 19 027 (56 1E) - 1/07 - Printed in Germany - MIM 2007-09

44